sustainable management of “wastes” prof thomas distefano bucknell university february 2009

SustainableManagement of “Wastes”

Prof Thomas DiStefanoBucknell UniversityFebruary 2009

Sustainable Management of Municipal Solid Waste

LCRMS LandfillLCRMS Landfill

Anthropogenic CarbonAnthropogenic Carbon

methane +CO2

Gas leakage

Cogeneration – Electricity and Cogeneration – Electricity and SteamSteam

Landfill gas

electricity

Steam

CO2

LCRMS currents converts ¼ of its landfill gas to electricity and hot water (cogeneration)

Size-reduced MSWSize-reduced MSW(Dano drum, Rapid City, South Dakota, U.S.A.)(Dano drum, Rapid City, South Dakota, U.S.A.)

Sized-Reduced MSWSized-Reduced MSW

Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste in Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste in EuropeEurope

Digester FeedingDigester Feeding

Digester FeedingDigester Feeding

Digester FeedingDigester Feeding

Digester FeedingDigester Feeding

Digester FeedingDigester Feeding

Digester FeedingDigester Feeding

Digester FeedingDigester Feeding

Digester FeedingDigester Feeding

Digester FeedingDigester Feeding

Digester FeedingDigester Feeding

Digester FeedingDigester Feeding

MSWcollection

heat and electricity

IC-CHP

anaerobic digester

digestate

MSWcollection

(84)

heat and electricity

IC-CHP

gas storage

rawmaterials

fossilfuel

anthropogenic GHG

(56)

(42)recycle(14)

digestate(69)

on-site use

emissions

biogas (15)

fugitiveemissions(0.1)

(140)

anaerobic digester

(14.9)

gas

biogenic emissions

to U.S. power demand

landfillw/ gas

recovery

rotatingsieve

Annual energy demand and GHG emissionsAnnual energy demand and GHG emissions

Energy

Required (TJ)

Nationwide

Emissions

(MM MT CO2e)

digester op. 6,500 0.11

Landfill residual 341,000 81.4

transport MSW 14,000 1.8

biogenic methane -54,000 -8.8 to -15.8

Totals 307,000 69 to 76

current landfill 638,000 208

Total savings w/AD 331,000

175B kWh 132 to 139

The potential effect of anaerobic biodegradation of The potential effect of anaerobic biodegradation of MSW throughout the U.S. is considerableMSW throughout the U.S. is considerable

140 million tons MSW/yr

5.9 billion m3/yr methane

15 billion kWh/yr

Electricity consumption of 6.2 million US citizens

Save 130 million metric tons of eCO2

Carbon tax credits of$40 to $60/MT CO2e

Carbon taxes would result in landfill tipping fees similar to the EU

carbon tax of

$15 to $50 / MT CO2emethane +CO2

50 years :

AD saves 6 billion MT CO2e

and 4 trillion kWh