sustainable management of “wastes” prof thomas distefano bucknell university february 2009
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SustainableManagement of “Wastes”
Prof Thomas DiStefanoBucknell UniversityFebruary 2009
Sustainable Management of Municipal Solid Waste
LCRMS LandfillLCRMS Landfill
Anthropogenic CarbonAnthropogenic Carbon
methane +CO2
Gas leakage
Cogeneration – Electricity and Cogeneration – Electricity and SteamSteam
Landfill gas
electricity
Steam
CO2
LCRMS currents converts ¼ of its landfill gas to electricity and hot water (cogeneration)
Size-reduced MSWSize-reduced MSW(Dano drum, Rapid City, South Dakota, U.S.A.)(Dano drum, Rapid City, South Dakota, U.S.A.)
Sized-Reduced MSWSized-Reduced MSW
Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste in Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste in EuropeEurope
Digester FeedingDigester Feeding
Digester FeedingDigester Feeding
Digester FeedingDigester Feeding
Digester FeedingDigester Feeding
Digester FeedingDigester Feeding
Digester FeedingDigester Feeding
Digester FeedingDigester Feeding
Digester FeedingDigester Feeding
Digester FeedingDigester Feeding
Digester FeedingDigester Feeding
Digester FeedingDigester Feeding
MSWcollection
heat and electricity
IC-CHP
anaerobic digester
digestate
MSWcollection
(84)
heat and electricity
IC-CHP
gas storage
rawmaterials
fossilfuel
anthropogenic GHG
(56)
(42)recycle(14)
digestate(69)
on-site use
emissions
biogas (15)
fugitiveemissions(0.1)
(140)
anaerobic digester
(14.9)
gas
biogenic emissions
to U.S. power demand
landfillw/ gas
recovery
rotatingsieve
Annual energy demand and GHG emissionsAnnual energy demand and GHG emissions
Energy
Required (TJ)
Nationwide
Emissions
(MM MT CO2e)
digester op. 6,500 0.11
Landfill residual 341,000 81.4
transport MSW 14,000 1.8
biogenic methane -54,000 -8.8 to -15.8
Totals 307,000 69 to 76
current landfill 638,000 208
Total savings w/AD 331,000
175B kWh 132 to 139
The potential effect of anaerobic biodegradation of The potential effect of anaerobic biodegradation of MSW throughout the U.S. is considerableMSW throughout the U.S. is considerable
140 million tons MSW/yr
5.9 billion m3/yr methane
15 billion kWh/yr
Electricity consumption of 6.2 million US citizens
Save 130 million metric tons of eCO2
Carbon tax credits of$40 to $60/MT CO2e
Carbon taxes would result in landfill tipping fees similar to the EU
carbon tax of
$15 to $50 / MT CO2emethane +CO2
50 years :
AD saves 6 billion MT CO2e
and 4 trillion kWh