(a) bats - pland.gov.hk · (a) bats introduction the abandoned lead mines at lin ma hang are known...

(A) BATS

Introduction

The abandoned lead mines at Lin Ma Hang are known to be important for roosting bats, and have been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) due to the diverse and abundant bat community roosting at the site. This site was not visited as part of the surveys to minimise potential disturbance to the roost, and because the abundance of species here is relatively well understood from regular monitoring conducted by AFCD (Shek and Chan 2005). This roost is particularly important for Lesser and Greater Bent-winged Bats (Miniopterus magnater and M. pusillus).

The distribution and abundance of foraging bats within the FCA is unknown. Low levels of disturbance and the presence of suitable habitat means that these can be expected that these may be locally abundant. Surveys for foraging bats are difficult due to their nocturnal behaviour and high mobility. Surveys are, however, possible by use of a bat detector which converts the ultrasonic echolocation calls of foraging insectivorous bats into audible sound.

The call structure and peak frequency of echolocation calls varies between different bat species, often enabling identification of species from the call. The call structures for Hong Kong species of Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus sp.) and Leaf-nosed Bats (Hipposideros sp.) were published in Shek and Lau (2006), but there is not yet a reference for the call structure of others Hong Kong bat species, so identification of these species is not usually possible.

Methodology

Surveys of foraging insectivorous bats were conducted using a Batbox Duet bat detector (Batbox Ltd., Steyning, UK), which converts the echolocation calls of foraging bats into audible sound. The frequency-division technology used by this model allows continuous monitoring of all ultrasonic frequencies; this is beneficial in Hong Kong, where a diverse community of bats is present, and peak frequencies for foraging calls cover a wide variety of frequencies.

Surveys were conducted during August 2008 along transects covering a variety of habitats. All surveys were conducted within the first two hours after sunset, when bat activity is usually at a peak. During the surveys, all calls detected by the bat detector were recorded using a Sony Minidisc recorder. These calls were later analysed by use of the BatScan program (Batbox Ltd., Steyning, UK), which permits visualisation of call structure.

As discussed above, there is no reference library for call structure of Hong Kong bats. As a result, most individuals could not be identified to species level. The abundance of individual species was also difficult to determine, especially when high densities of individuals were present. The following assessments therefore use relative abundance and diversity to compare the relative value of each site for bats. Species are identified whenever possible (using Shek and Lau 2006), but most species are left unidentified.

Results

A minimum of eight species of insectivorous bat were recorded in the FCA during night-time surveys in 2008, based on the structure of echolocation calls (in some cases, similar calls may be given by more than one species). Results are summarised in Table 1.

Ma Tso Lung

Bat abundance and diversity at this site was very low, with only a few individuals of one species recorded. Surveys covered the shrubland and streams close to Ma Tso Lung village.

Liu Pok

Bat abundance and diversity at this site were also relatively low; two species were recorded around the village and nearby marsh.

Ho Sheung Heung area

Surveys of the shrubland edge in this area revealed two foraging bat species, both of which were moderately abundant in the area.

Sandy Ridge area

Only two species were recorded during surveys for foraging bats, both in relatively low numbers compared to other lowland wetland habitats.

San Uk Ling

Surveys for foraging bats covered shrubland and fishpond habitats. A moderate diversity of species was encountered (four species recorded) and bat abundance was also moderate.

Kong Nga Po

A moderate abundance of foraging bats was recorded, including individuals of three widespread species.

Man Kam To

A survey conducted in farmland to the east of the Man Kam To Boundary Crossing Point found bat abundance and diversity to be relatively low, with few individuals of two species recorded.

Chow Tin/Fung Wong Wu

Five species were recorded during night-time surveys, all in moderate to high abundance. A large bat seen during the night-time surveys was thought to have been a Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx, which is very common and widespread in Hong Kong (Shek 2006).

Ta Kwu Ling

A high abundance of bats was present at Ta Kwu Ling, especially in the lowland farmland habitats close to Ping Yuen River. Diversity at this site was also relatively high, with at least six species recorded. Himalayan Roundleaf Bat Hipposideros armiger was recorded in hillside shrubland in this area; this species is considered to be very common in Hong Kong (Shek and Chan 2005, Shek 2006).

Tsung Yuen Ha

The abundance of bats recorded at Tsung Yuen Ha was very high, especially along the drainage channel adjacent to the village. Activity of bats along this drainage channel was almost constant during the surveys, with many individuals continuously present. The diversity of foraging bats was low, however, with only two species recorded. The high abundance present may suggest that a significant roost is present in or close to the village.

Heung Yuen Wai

A moderate abundance of insectivorous bats was recorded. The diversity of species present was reasonable, with a total of five species recorded during the survey. Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat was recorded in the feng shui woodland behind the village.

Lin Ma Hang

The night-time survey was conducted around Lin Ma Hang village and adjacent marshland and shrubland. Despite the presence of large numbers of bats in the roost at the Lin Ma Hang Lead Mines SSSI, relatively few individuals (of three species) were recorded around the village

Tong To/Muk Min Tau

Four species were recorded, one of which was moderately abundant although the other three were present in small numbers. Pomona Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros pomona was recorded at this site; this species is common in Hong Kong (Shek and Chan 2005, Shek 2006).

Tam Shui Hang

Despite the presence of woodland and shrubland habitats along the survey route, most foraging bats were located close to Tam Shui Hang village. Four species were recorded in low to moderate abundance.

Table 1 Summary of foraging insectivorous bats recorded in FCA.

Species* Peak Freq. (kHz)

Ma Tso Lung Liu Pok

Ho Sheung Heung

Lo Wu San Uk Ling

Kong Nga Po

Man Kam To

Species 1 27 Species 2 35-37 + +


Ma Tso Lung Liu Pok

Ho Sheung Heung

Lo Wu San Uk Ling

Kong Nga Po

Man Kam To

Species 3 43-45 ++ +++ ++ ++ +++ + Species 4 47-50 ++ ++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ Species 5 53 + Species 6 60-63 Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros armiger

67

Pomona Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros pomona

127


Chow Tin Ta Kwu Ling

Tsung Yuen Ha

Heung Yuen Wai

Lin Ma Hang Tong To Tam Shui

Hang

Species 1 27 + Species 2 35-37 ++ ++ + ++ + + Species 3 43-45 ++ ++++ ++++ ++ + + + Species 4 47-50 ++++ ++++ +++++ +++ +++ ++ Species 5 53 + + + Species 6 60-63 ++ ++ ++ Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros armiger 67 + +

Pomona Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros pomona

127 +

+ - +++++ indicates relative abundance at site

* Call structure of most Hong Kong bat species have not been published, so call types cannot be ascribed to a particular species, and some may refer to more than one species.

(B) Birds

Methodology

The primary target of bird surveys was species of conservation concern as contained in BirdLife International (2006), Fellowes et al. (2002) and Wang (1998) and wetland-dependent species; in addition, observations of bird species were made to enable a characterization of the bird community of each of the development areas to be carried out. The latter was made on the basis of the species recorded backed up by an assessment of the habitats present. An inventory of all bird species for each site was not made.

Given that systematic 12-month bird surveys were not required, bird surveys were targeted to dates when the ecological significance of each site to birds might be best be revealed. Consequently, the actual timing of survey visits varied somewhat between sites. At sites with no wetland habitat, dry season surveys were carried out in order to carry out a rapid assessment of the value of the development areas to wintering birds. In addition, late dry season or early wet season surveys enabled an assessment to be made of the resident breeding bird community, as many of these species vocalise more intensely at this time. In particular, surveys for Large Grass Warbler Graminicola benghalensis in apparently suitable areas of habitat were carried out. The taxon of this species that occurs in Hong Kong is highly restricted in range, and the species is listed by BirdLife International (2006) as Near-threatened.

Wet season surveys for birds were carried out, broadly speaking, in the early (second half of April and early May) and middle parts (June and July), in order to cover different stages of the breeding cycle. At this time, the focus was on areas of wet agriculture, freshwater marsh and lowland grassland, although all relevant habitats in the development areas were surveyed. The focus was on surveys for Large Grass Warbler, Bright-capped Cisticola, Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis, and other wetland birds or species of conservation concern, as well as searches for egretries. The latter was carried out through direct observation of habitat and via circumstantial evidence such as obvious flight lines utilised by egrets or herons; in the event, no evidence was found for the existence of egretries in the Study Area east of the Lok Ma Chau BCP apart from Ho Sheung Heung Egretry. Evening surveys for nightbirds such as Eagle Owl and Savanna Nightjar were also carried out, although generally speaking these were not productive.

The methodology adopted for all bird surveys was to identify from aerial photographs or on-site inspections the transect route considered best or most appropriate for recording any species of conservation concern or wetland-dependant species that might occur in the habitats present. The surveyor walked this transect route during each survey, recording the target bird species and the habitats in which they were present in the early part of the day at times of amenable weather conditions (i.e. no heavy rain or strong wind).

Results

In the following tables, all wetland-dependant species and species of conservation concern recorded in each area are listed. A species of conservation importance is one that is listed by BirdLife International (2006), Fellowes et al. (2002) or Wang (1998). The following abbreviations are used.

AA Abandoned Agriculture IW Inactive Wet Agriculture V Village CS Channelised Stream LG Lowland Grassland VE Village Edge DA Active Dry Agriculture PP Polluted Pool WA Active Wet Agriculture E Evening Survey SH Shrubland WD Woodland FP Fish Pond ST Stream * Confirmed breeding IA Inactive Agriculture UG Upland Grassland

Lok Ma Chau and Ha Wan Villages

The bird community of this area largely comprises common species of village and village-edge habitats. The wet agricultural areas adjacent to Lok Ma Chau village support small numbers of common wetland-dependent species such as Chinese Pond Heron, White-breasted Waterhen and small sandpipers on passage. White-shouldered Starling may breed in the village area.

Table 1 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded at Lok Ma Chau and Ha Wan Tsuen Villages in 2008

Species 8th Mar 16th Jul 4th Aug 14th Jan Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus 1 WA 1 WA 1 IW White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus 1 IW 1 VE

Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 1 FP Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola 1 FP 1 WA White-shouldered Starling Sturnus sinensis 13 VE

Area between Lok Ma Chau and Ma Tso Lung Villages

Although not recorded in surveys for the current study, Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo bubo is known to occur in the grassy hills near Chau Tau Village (Carey et al. 2001), and probably also in similar areas of habitat northeast to Ma Tso Lung Village. This species is listed by Fellowes et al. (2002) as of Regional Concern, and is a Category II protected species in China (Wang 1998). The bird community of this area also comprises grassland specialists such as Savanna Nightjar Caprimulgus affinis and the locally-breeding form of Richard’s Pipit Anthus richardi sinensis, as well as species of grassland-shrubland mix, such as Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus, Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis and Sooty-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus aurigaster. While individually none of these are species of conservation concern, the community they form is distinctive.

Table 2 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded in hills between Chau Tau and Ma Tso Lung in 2008

Species 8th March 6th May 16th Jun 24th Oct 14th Jan Black Kite Milvus migrans 1 in air Bonelli’s Eagle Hieraeetus fasciatus 2 in air Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo 1 in air Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus 1 UG 1 UG 1 UG Lesser Coucal Centropus benghalensis 1 UG 1 UG 2 UG 1 UG

Area of Ma Tso Lung Village

The bird community of this area largely comprises common species of village and village-edge habitats. The wet areas in the former agricultural fields support only small numbers of common wetland-dependent species such as Chinese Pond Heron and White-breasted Waterhen, as there is very little microhabitat diversity and only very small areas of open water. White-shouldered Starling breeds in the village area. Woodland adjacent to the village supports common wintering and passage warblers, thrushes, chats and flycatchers, but none are of conservation significance.

Table 3 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded at Ma Tso Lung Village in 2008 Species 18th Mar 16th Jun 14th Sep 12th Jan Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus 1 CS 1 in air White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus 1 CS 1 CS

Crested Serpent Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus 1 in air Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 1 CS White-shouldered Starling Sturnus sinensis 1* V

Area of Liu Pok Village

The bird community of this area largely comprises common species of village and village-edge habitats. The wet areas in the former agricultural fields support only small numbers of common wetland-dependent species such as Chinese Pond Heron and White-breasted Waterhen, as there is very little microhabitat diversity and only very small areas of open water. Red-billed Starlings occur opportunistically in the non-breeding season. Woodland adjacent to the village supports common wintering and passage warblers, thrushes, chats and flycatchers, but none are of conservation significance.

Table 4 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded at Liu Pok in 2008 Species 18th Mar 16th Jun 14th Sep 12th Jan Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus 1 VE White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus 1 VE 1 VE 1 VE

Black Kite Milvus migrans 1 in air 1 in air Red-billed Starling Sturnus sericeus 4 VE

Wet agriculture and fishpond areas south of Sandy Ridge cemetery

The bird community of this area, which is very similar to that of nearby Long Valley, comprises a number of wetland-dependent, conservation-significant and locally range-restricted species. The inactive fishponds support species such as Little Grebe (probably only in the non-breeding season) and ardeids of seven species, while the active and inactive wet agricultural areas support a range of wetland-dependent species, including what is probably a breeding population of Greater Painted-snipe. In addition, species that are locally-distributed in Hong Kong and scarce breeding species such as Common Blackbird and Yellow-billed Grosbeak were also recorded in the breeding season, while Red-billed Starling occurs opportunistically in the non-breeding season.

Table 5 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded at village and agricultural area south of Sandy Ridge cemetery in 2008

Species 20th May 18th June 14th Jul 13th Nov 13th Jan Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 1 FP Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 1 IW Great Egret Egretta alba 1 IA 3 FP Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia 1 WA Little Egret Egretta garzetta 3 WA 6 WA 46 FP Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 16 IW 4 IW 4 WA 3 IW Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus 3 WA, 3 IA 3 WA, 3IW 7 IW, 6 FP Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 1 IW Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus 1 IW 1 IW Common Teal Anas crecca 100 IW White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus 4 WA, 1 IA 1 WA

Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis 1 WA 2 WA, 1 IW 2 IW 2 AA

Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus 15 WA 11 FP Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius 1 IW 1 IW 1 IW, 4 FP Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago 2 IW Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola 5 IW Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 1 IW 1 IW

Common Sandpiper Actitis hypolecus 2 IW

Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis 2 FP 2 FP 2 FP

White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon 1 FP

Species 20th May 18th June 14th Jul 13th Nov 13th Jan smyrnensis Yellow-billed Grosbeak Eophona migratoria 1 VE 1 VE Red-billed Starling Sturnus sericeus 9 FP

Kong Nga Po

The high level of disturbance, the lack of extensive wet agriculture areas and the presence of typical village and village edge habitats, means that the area is not of high ecological value to birds. Only four species of conservation significance were recorded, all in low numbers, while the dominant species are those common and widespread in disturbed habitats in Hong Kong.

Table 6 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded at Kong Nga Po in 2008 Species 4th March 8th May 20th June 13th Jan Black Kite Milvus migrans 1 in air 2 in air Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus 1 UG 1 UG 1 UG White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus 2* ST 1 ST 1 ST

White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis 1 in air

Man Kam To

In terms of birds very small numbers of four wetland-dependant species were recorded, in addition to Black Kite. Otherwise, the species present are those typical of disturbed village and village-edge habitats lacking extensive areas of wet agriculture.

Table 7 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded at Man Kam To (Muk Wu area) in 2008

Species 4th March 26th May 25th Oct 13th Jan Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus 1 AA 1 in air Black Kite Milvus migrans 1 in air White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus 1 AA

Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 1 CS Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis 1 in flight

Chow Tin Tsuen and Fung Wong Wu area

The bird community present in these agricultural areas, characterised by species such as Chinese Francolin, Asian Barred Owlet Glaucidium cuculoides, Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus, Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus, Lesser Coucal and Sooty-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus aurigaster, is rather distinctive. It is also unusual in a Hong Kong context in that most lowland areas of the territory are too disturbed or cultivated to allow the presence of the francolin and the coucal.

At Chow Tin Tsuen an area of active and inactive wet agriculture supports a wetland-dependant bird community that included Greater Painted-snipe, which was present in both May and June, suggesting that a breeding population is present in the area. Inactive dry agricultural areas support a different suite of species, including locally-distributed species such as Zitting Cisticola in the non-breeding season. However, generally these are of less conservation significance.

Otherwise, the species present are typical of disturbed village and village-edge habitats, the most significant of which is White-shouldered Starling, which may breed in this area.

Table 8 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded at Chow Tin Tsuen and Fung Wong Wu in 2008

Species 4th March 14th May 20th June 15th July 15th Jan Little Egret Egretta garzetta 1 CS 2 ST 6 WA Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 2 WA 1 IW, 1 IA

Species 4th March 14th May 20th June 15th July 15th Jan Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus 1 WA 2 IA 2 WA Black Kite Milvus migrans 1 in air Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela 1 in air 1 in air Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus 1 UG 1 UG

White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus 1 CS, 1 WA 1 WA, 1 IA, 1

DA 2 WA 1 WA

Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis Pair WA 4 IW

Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius 2 IW 4 WA 2 WA Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 1 CS 2 WA 1 WA Wood Sandpiper T. glareola 8 WA 5 WA Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 1 WA Lesser Coucal Centropus benghalensis 1 LG Greater Coucal C. sinensis 1 AA Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis 3 in air 2 in air Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis 4 IA 1 IA White-shouldered Starling Sturnus sinensis 1 VE

Ta Kwu Ling area

In terms of birds, the main interest in this area is concentrated in two small relatively isolated areas, comprising an area of abandoned agriculture and a heavily polluted pond. A number of wetland species were recorded here, but numbers were not high. These did include Greater Painted-snipe, however, a single individual of which was recorded at an area of seasonally wet grassland. Otherwise, the suite of species recorded was of relatively low ecological significance due to the presence of large dryland agricultural areas, both active and inactive, and disturbed village and village-edge habitats.

Table 9 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded at Ta Kwu Ling in 2008 Species 4th March 14th May 21st June 13th Aug 18th Jan Great Egret Egretta alba 1 AA Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 10 PP 2 AA 3 AA Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus 1 AA 2 AA Common Teal Anas crecca 10 PP Crested Serpent Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus 1 in air Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus 1 UG White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus 1 PP 5 AA

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus 1 PP Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis 1 AA Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius 1 CS Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola 1 PP White-shouldered Starling Sturnus sinensis 2 VE 8 VE

Tsung Yuen Ha and Heung Yuen Wai

The distinctive bird community present in these agricultural areas, characterised by species such as Chinese Francolin, Asian Barred Owlet, Indian Cuckoo, Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus, Lesser Coucal and Sooty-headed Bulbul, is rather distinctive. It is also unusual in a Hong Kong context in that most lowland areas of the territory are too disturbed or cultivated to allow the presence of the francolin and the coucal. The grassland-specialist and highly-localised Bright-capped Cisticola Cisticola exilis was recorded commonly in winter. Disturbed village and village-edge habitats support a typical range of commonly-distributed species, though White-shouldered Starling probably breeds in the area.

Table 10 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded at Tsung Yuen Ha and Heung Yuen Wai in 2008

Species 4th March 8th May 5th June 15th Nov Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus 1 VE Black Kite Milvus migrans 2 in air Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus 1 LG White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus 1 ST Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 3 CS Lesser Coucal Centropus benghalensis 1 AA 1AA Bright-capped Cisticola Cisticola exilis 9 LG Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola 1 AA White-shouldered Starling Sturnus sinensis Pair AA/VE

Lin Ma Hang

The bird community of Lin Ma Hang stream is limited, comprising such very small numbers of such widespread wetland-dependant species as Little Egret, Chinese Pond Heron, Common Kingfisher and Grey Wagtail, in addition to Eurasian Woodcock. All of these species are widespread in Hong Kong in suitable habitat. In the abandoned agricultural areas, such species as White-breasted Waterhen and Cattle Egret are present for much of the year, while the localised grassland-specialist species Bright-capped Cisticola occurs in the non-breeding season.

The mature shrubland and woodland areas appear to host most of the typical native forest avifauna found in Hong Kong, as well as locally-distributed species such as Slaty-legged Crake, Black-naped Oriole, Hodgson’s Hawk Cuckoo, Orange-headed Thrush (KFBG 2004), Lesser Shortwing and Hainan Blue Flycatcher.

At Robin’s Nest, which overlooks the Lin Ma Hang valley, the habitat comprises a mixture of grassland and shrubland or woodland. Of greatest ecological significance here is a breeding population of Large Grass Warbler Graminicola bengalensis in the rich grassland areas. This globally-endangered species is listed by BirdLife International as Near-Threatened, and Robin’s Nest has the highest-known breeding density in Hong Kong. In addition, this area supports a bird community typical of upland grassland areas in Hong Kong (including Upland and Richard’s Pipits, and Lesser Coucal), as well as the rare and localised Bright-capped Cisticola, which is of Local Concern (Fellowes et al. 2002) in the winter months.

Table 11 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded at Lin Ma Hang in 2008 Species 12th March 13th May 22nd May (E) 15th Jan Little Egret Egretta garzetta 1 ST Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 2 AA 4 AA Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus 1 ST Slaty-legged Crake Rallina eurizonoides 2 SH White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus 1 AA 2 VE Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis 1 UG 1 LG, 1 UG Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis 1 ST Bright-capped Cisticola Cisticola exilis 8 LG 1 LG

Tam Shui Hang Villages, Muk Min Tau and Tong To

The bird community of these lowland areas is typical of abandoned dry agriculture, shrubland and disturbed village or village-edge habitats, and as a result few species of conservation concern are present. Typical grassland specialists such as Lesser Coucal and Chinese Francolin are present year-round, while the localised Bright-capped Cisticola is present in the winter months. Open-country species such as Sooty-headed Bulbul and Plaintive Cuckoo are present year-round, while shrubland/woodland-edge species such as Hair-crested Drongo and Black-naped Oriole were recorded in the breeding season. The relatively high degree of habitat diversity means that the bird community is relatively diverse, however, including a small number of wetland species such as Great Egret and White-throated Kingfisher attracted to the natural streams in the area. In the dry season both grassland and seasonally wet

grassland provided suitable foraging for granivorous species such as buntings, including the globally-threatened Yellow-breasted Bunting. The lack of open water areas and the uniformity of vegetation type means that the seasonally wet grassland does not provide suitable habitats for wetland species.

The fishponds located adjacent to Starling Inlet provide suitable foraging for very small numbers of large waterbirds, although none were recorded during surveys. The mangrove areas do not appear large enough to support Slaty-breasted Rail, the only mangrove-dependent bird species in Hong Kong.

Table 12 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded in Tam Shui Hang/Tsiu Hang area near Sha Tau Kok in 2008

Species 23rd May 17th June 14th Nov 15th Jan Great Egret Egretta alba 1 ST Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus 2 UG Lesser Coucal Centropus benghalensis 1 LG, 1AA, 1UG 1 AA White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis 1 AA Lesser Shortwing Brachypteryx leucophrys 1 SH Bright-capped Cisticola Cisticola exilis 7 LG 7 LG Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis 1 WD Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola 1 AA Red-billed Starling Sturnus sericeus 14 AA

Table 13 Bird species of conservation importance and wetland-dependant species recorded at Tong To and Muk Min Tau, near Sha Tau Kok in 2008

Species 26th May 17th June 14th Nov 15th Jan Little Egret Egretta garzetta 2 ST Black Kite Milvus migrans 1 in air 1 in air 1 in air Lesser Coucal Centropus benghalensis 1AA

(C) Butterflies

Methodology

Monthly surveys of butterflies were carried out from May to August 2008 in the development areas or in representative habitats of large development areas.

At each site the surveyor conducted a series of counts walking along each transect at a uniform pace. Transects were walked slowly at a continuous slow speed, following the same route each time. During each survey every identifiable specimen (flying or perched) of butterfly identified in front of and within 5 metres either side of (but not behind) the surveyor was recorded. All adults were identified to species level and abundance quantified.

Counts were only undertaken during suitable weather conditions (i.e. in dry weather when air temperature in the shade was above 17oC, there is at least 50% sunshine and wind conditions are light). Counts were undertaken between 10.00 and 16.00 hours.

Results

Table 1 Butterfly species recorded at Lok Ma Chau – Chau Tau Hills area in 2008 July August Chestnut Angle Odontoptilum angulatum + Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides + Forest Hopper Astictopterus jama + Chestnut Bob Iambrix salsala + + Chinese Dart Potanthus confucius + Unidentified Dart Telicota sp. + Common Straight Swift Parnara guttata + Contiguous Swift Polytremis lubricans + Common Jay Graphium doson + + Tailed Jay Graphium agamemnon + Five-bar Swordtail Pathysa antiphates + Common Mormon Papilio polytes ++ ++ Great Mormon Papilio memnon + ++ Spangle Papilio protenor + Chinese Peacock Papilio bianor + Paris Peacock Papilio paris + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia + + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona + + Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe + ++ Club Silverline Spindasis syama + + Cornelian Deudorix epijarbas + Slate Flash Rapala manea + Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha + + Common Hedge Blue Acytolepis puspa ++ + Plum Judy Abisara echerius + + Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus + + Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus + + Large Faun Faunis eumeus + Tawny Rajah Charaxes bernardus +

July August Rustic Cupha erymanthis + Common Sailer Neptis hylas ++ ++ White-edged Blue Baron Euthalia phemius ++ Red-ring Skirt Hestina assimilis +

Table 2 Butterfly species recorded at Ma Tso Lung area in 2008 May June July August Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides + Grass Demon Udaspes folus + Unidentified Dart Potanthus sp. + Pale Palm Dart Telicota colon + Unidentified Dart Telicota sp. ++ Unidentified Swift Pelopidas sp. + Contiguous Swift Polytremis lubricans + Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon + + + Common Jay Graphium doson + + + Tailed Jay Graphium agamemnon + + Common Mime Chilasa clytia + + Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus + Red Helen Papilio helenus + Common Mormon Papilio polytes + +++ ++++ ++ Great Mormon Papilio memnon + + ++ + Chinese Peacock Papilio bianor + Paris Peacock Papilio paris + + + Red-base Jezebel Delias pasithoe + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia + + + Great Orange Tip Hebomoia glaucippe + + Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe + + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona + ++ + Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe + + ++ ++ Silver-streak Blue Iraota timoleon + Chocolate Royal Remelana jangala + Cornelian Deudorix epijarbas + Broad Spark Sinthusa chandrana + Purple Sapphire Heliophorus epicles + Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha +++ + + ++ Lesser Grass Blue Zizina otis + + Common Hedge Blue Acytolepis puspa + + Plum Judy Abisara echerius + + Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima + Banded Tree Brown Lethe confusa + Common Palmfly Elymnias hypermnestra + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus + + + + Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus +

May June July August Large Faun Faunis eumeus + Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne + + + + Common Jester Symbrenthia lilaea + Great Egg-fly Hypolimnas bolina + + + Common Sailer Neptis hylas + ++ + Southern Sullied Sailer Neptis clinia + Colour Sergeant Athyma nefte + Staff Sergeant Athyma selenophora + White-edged Blue Baron Euthalia phemius + + + Red-ring Skirt Hestina assimilis + Common Indian Crow Euploea core +

+ = 1-5 individuals, ++ = 6-10 individuals, +++ = 11-25 individuals, ++++ = 26-50 individuals, +++++ = >50 individuals.

Table 3 Butterfly species recorded at Liu Pok in 2008 May June July August Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides +++ ++++ ++ Unidentified Dart Potanthus sp. + Dark Palm Dart Telicota ohara + Unidentified Dart Telicota sp. + Common Straight Swift Parnara guttata + + Oriental Straight Swift Parnara bada + + Conjoined Swift Pelopidas conjunctus + Contiguous Swift Polytremis lubricans + Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon + Common Jay Graphium doson + + Tailed Jay Graphium agamemnon + + Common Mime Chilasa clytia + Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus + Common Mormon Papilio polytes + +++ +++ + Great Mormon Papilio memnon + + + + Chinese Peacock Papilio bianor + + Paris Peacock Papilio paris + + + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia + ++ Great Orange Tip Hebomoia glaucippe + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona + Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe + + + Silver-streak Blue Iraota timoleon + Purple Sapphire Heliophorus epicles + + Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha ++ ++ + Lesser Grass Blue Zizina otis + Common Hedge Blue Acytolepis puspa + + Plum Judy Abisara echerius + + Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda + Banded Tree Brown Lethe confusa + + Common Palmfly Elymnias hypermnestra +

May June July August Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus + +++ ++ +++ Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus + ++ + Tawny Rajah Charaxes bernardus + + Peacock Pansy Junonia almana + + Great Egg-fly Hypolimnas bolina + Common Sailer Neptis hylas + + Colour Sergeant Athyma nefte + Staff Sergeant Athyma selenophora +


Table 4 Butterfly species recorded at Man Kam To Road in 2008 May June July August Grass Demon Udaspes folus + Formosan Swift Borbo cinnara + Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon + Common Mime Chilasa clytia ++ + Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus + Common Mormon Papilio polytes +++ +++ +++ +++ Great Mormon Papilio memnon + + + + Chinese Peacock Papilio bianor + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia ++++ + + + Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe + + + + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona + ++++ ++ +++++ Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe +++ ++++ ++++ Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha +++ + + + Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus ++ Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus + Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne + + + Peacock Pansy Junonia almana + Grey Pansy Junonia atlites + Great Egg-fly Hypolimnas bolina + + Common Sailer Neptis hylas + + White-edged Blue Baron Euthalia phemius + + Red-ring Skirt Hestina assimilis + Glassy Tiger Parantica aglea + Common Indian Crow Euploea core + +


Table 5 Butterfly species recorded west of Kong Nga Po in 2008 May June July August Forest Hopper Astictopterus jama + Common Straight Swift Parnara guttata + Unidentified Swift Parnara sp. + Common Mime Chilasa clytia + + Red Helen Papilio helenus +

May June July August Common Mormon Papilio polytes + ++ ++ + Great Mormon Papilio memnon + + + + Spangle Papilio protenor + Chinese Peacock Papilio bianor + + Paris Peacock Papilio paris + + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia ++ + + + Yellow Orange Tip Ixias pyrene + Great Orange Tip Hebomoia glaucippe + + Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona +++ + +++ Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe + + + + Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha ++ + + Lesser Grass Blue Zizina otis + Common Hedge Blue Acytolepis puspa + Banded Tree Brown Lethe confusa + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus + + + Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus + + Common Nawab Polyura athamas + Tawny Rajah Charaxes bernardus + Rustic Cupha erymanthis + Peacock Pansy Junonia almana + Great Egg-fly Hypolimnas bolina + + Danaid Egg-fly Hypolimnas misippus + Common Sailer Neptis hylas + + + Red-ring Skirt Hestina assimilis +


Table 6 Butterfly species recorded at Man Kam To in 2008 May June July August Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon + Common Jay Graphium doson + + Common Mime Chilasa clytia + + + Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus + + Common Mormon Papilio polytes ++ +++ + + Great Mormon Papilio memnon + + + + Chinese Peacock Papilio bianor + Paris Peacock Papilio paris + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia +++ ++ + Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe + + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona + + + ++ Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe + + ++ Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha + + + Plum Judy Abisara echerius + Common Palmfly Elymnias hypermnestra + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus + + +

May June July August Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne + + + Great Egg-fly Hypolimnas bolina + + Common Sailer Neptis hylas + Red-ring Skirt Hestina assimilis + Common Indian Crow Euploea core +


Table 7 Butterfly species recorded at Kong Nga Po – Hung Lung Hang in 2008 May June July August Forest Hopper Astictopterus jama + + Greenish Palm Dart Telicota ancilla + Unidentified Swift Parnara sp. + Formosan Swift Borbo cinnara + Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon + + + Common Jay Graphium doson + + + Five-bar Swordtail Pathysa antiphates + Common Mime Chilasa clytia + Red Helen Papilio helenus + Common Mormon Papilio polytes ++ ++++ + +++ Great Mormon Papilio memnon + + ++ Chinese Peacock Papilio bianor + + Paris Peacock Papilio paris + + Red-base Jezebel Delias pasithoe + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia +++ + + Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe +++ Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona +++ + ++ Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe + + + Silver-streak Blue Iraota timoleon + Long-banded Silverline Spindasis lohita + Club Silverline Spindasis syama + Cornelian Deudorix epijarbas + Long-tailed Blue Lampides boeticus + Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha +++ ++ ++ + Common Hedge Blue Acytolepis puspa + Plum Judy Abisara echerius + +++ + Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda + Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima + Banded Tree Brown Lethe confusa + + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus + + + ++ Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus + + Large Faun Faunis eumeus + Tawny Rajah Charaxes bernardus + + Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne + + + ++ Grey Pansy Junonia atlites + Great Egg-fly Hypolimnas bolina ++

May June July August Common Sailer Neptis hylas + + ++ + Common Sergeant Athyma perius + Staff Sergeant Athyma selenophora + Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger Ideopsis similis + Blue-spotted Crow Euploea midamus +


Table 8 Butterfly species recorded at Chow Tin – Fung Wong Wu in 2008 May June July August Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides + + + Common Straight Swift Parnara guttata + Contiguous Swift Polytremis lubricans + Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon + + Common Jay Graphium doson + + Tailed Jay Graphium agamemnon + Common Mime Chilasa clytia + Red Helen Papilio helenus + Common Mormon Papilio polytes + +++ ++ ++ Great Mormon Papilio memnon + + + Spangle Papilio protenor + Chinese Peacock Papilio bianor + + Paris Peacock Papilio paris + + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia +++++ + + Yellow Orange Tip Ixias pyrene + Great Orange Tip Hebomoia glaucippe + + + Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe + + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona + ++ + Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe + + + + Purple Sapphire Heliophorus epicles + Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha +++ + + Lesser Grass Blue Zizina otis + Quaker Neopithecops zalmora + + Common Hedge Blue Acytolepis puspa + Banded Tree Brown Lethe confusa + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus + + + Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus + + Large Faun Faunis eumeus + Tawny Rajah Charaxes bernardus + Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne + + + Great Egg-fly Hypolimnas bolina + + Common Sailer Neptis hylas + + + + Gaudy Baron Euthalia lubentina + White-edged Blue Baron Euthalia phemius + Common Indian Crow Euploea core +


Table 10 Butterfly species recorded at Ta Kwu Ling in 2008 May June July August Chestnut Angle Odontoptilum angulatum + Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides + + Forest Hopper Astictopterus jama + Lesser Band Dart Potanthus trachala + Unidentified Dart Telicota sp. + Conjoined Swift Pelopidas conjunctus + Contiguous Swift Polytremis lubricans + + Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon + + + + Common Jay Graphium doson + Common Mime Chilasa clytia + + Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus + Red Helen Papilio helenus + Common Mormon Papilio polytes +++ +++ ++ +++ Great Mormon Papilio memnon + + + + Chinese Peacock Papilio bianor + + Paris Peacock Papilio paris + Red-base Jezebel Delias pasithoe + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia +++ + + + Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona ++ + + Small Grass Yellow Eurema brigitta + Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe + ++ ++ Cornelian Deudorix epijarbas + Purple Sapphire Heliophorus epicles ++ + Long-tailed Blue Lampides boeticus + Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha ++++ ++ + Lesser Grass Blue Zizina otis + Quaker Neopithecops zalmora + + + Common Hedge Blue Acytolepis puspa + + Plum Judy Abisara echerius + + Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda + Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima + + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus + +++ +++ +++ Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus + + Large Faun Faunis eumeus + Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne + Blue Admiral Kaniska canace + Peacock Pansy Junonia almana + Grey Pansy Junonia atlites + Great Egg-fly Hypolimnas bolina + + +++ Danaid Egg-fly Hypolimnas misippus + Common Sailer Neptis hylas + + + + Staff Sergeant Athyma selenophora + Gaudy Baron Euthalia lubentina +

May June July August White-edged Blue Baron Euthalia phemius + Common Mapwing Cyrestis thyodamas + Red-ring Skirt Hestina assimilis + + + Glassy Tiger Parantica aglea + +


Table 11 Butterfly species recorded at Tsung Yuen Ha in 2008 May June July August Chestnut Angle Odontoptilum angulatum + Spotted Angle Caprona alida + Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides ++ Forest Hopper Astictopterus jama + Grass Demon Udaspes folus + Lesser Band Dart Potanthus trachala + Unidentified Dart Potanthus sp. + Formosan Swift Borbo cinnara + + Small Branded Swift Pelopidas mathias + Contiguous Swift Polytremis lubricans + Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon + Common Jay Graphium doson + Common Mime Chilasa clytia + + Common Mormon Papilio polytes + ++ + + Great Mormon Papilio memnon + + + + Paris Peacock Papilio paris + + Red-base Jezebel Delias pasithoe + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia + + + Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona + + Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe + + + Transparent Six-line Blue Nacaduba kurava + + Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha + + + Lesser Grass Blue Zizina otis + Tailed Cupid Everes lacturnus + + Quaker Neopithecops zalmora + + Plum Judy Abisara echerius + Common Tree Brown Lethe rohria + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus + + + Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus ++ + Straight Five-ring Ypthima lisandra + + Small Three-ring Ypthima norma + Tawny Rajah Charaxes bernardus + Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne + + Great Egg-fly Hypolimnas bolina + + Common Sailer Neptis hylas + + + +


Table 12 Butterfly species recorded at Heung Yuen Wai in 2008 May June July August Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides ++++ Unidentified Dart Potanthus sp. + Unidentified Dart Telicota sp. + Common Straight Swift Parnara guttata + Unidentified Swift Parnara sp. + Large Branded Swift Pelopidas subochraceus + Contiguous Swift Polytremis lubricans + Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon + Common Jay Graphium doson + + Red Helen Papilio helenus + + + Common Mormon Papilio polytes + + ++ ++ Great Mormon Papilio memnon + + + Spangle Papilio protenor + Chinese Peacock Papilio bianor + + Paris Peacock Papilio paris + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia + + + Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona + Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe + Cornelian Deudorix epijarbas + Purple Sapphire Heliophorus epicles + Transparent Six-line Blue Nacaduba kurava + + Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha +++ + + Lesser Grass Blue Zizina otis + Tailed Cupid Everes lacturnus + Quaker Neopithecops zalmora + + Common Hedge Blue Acytolepis puspa + Plum Judy Abisara echerius + Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima + + + Banded Tree Brown Lethe confusa + + Common Tree Brown Lethe rohria + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus + + + +++ Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus + + Straight Five-ring Ypthima lisandra + Tawny Rajah Charaxes bernardus + Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne + + Peacock Pansy Junonia almana + Common Sailer Neptis hylas + Common Sergeant Athyma perius + Gaudy Baron Euthalia lubentina + White-edged Blue Baron Euthalia phemius + Red-ring Skirt Hestina assimilis +


Table 13 Butterfly species recorded at Lin Ma Hang in 2008 May June July August White-banded Flat Girosis phisara + Water Snow Flat Tagiades litigiosus + Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides + + ++++ + Forest Hopper Astictopterus jama + + Grass Demon Udaspes folus + + Banana Skipper Erionota torus + Common Redeye Matapa aria + Chinese Dart Potanthus confucius + Dark Palm Dart Telicota ohara + Common Straight Swift Parnara guttata + + Oriental Straight Swift Parnara bada + Conjoined Swift Pelopidas conjunctus + Contiguous Swift Polytremis lubricans + ++ + Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon + + + Common Jay Graphium doson + + Common Mime Chilasa clytia + Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus + Red Helen Papilio helenus + + + Common Mormon Papilio polytes +++ +++ + ++ Great Mormon Papilio memnon + + + + Paris Peacock Papilio paris + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia +++ ++ + + Great Orange Tip Hebomoia glaucippe + + + + Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe + + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona + + + + Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe ++ ++ ++ + Chocolate Royal Remelana jangala + Cornelian Deudorix epijarbas + Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha +++ +++ +++ +++ Lesser Grass Blue Zizina otis + Tailed Cupid Everes lacturnus + Quaker Neopithecops zalmora + + Common Hedge Blue Acytolepis puspa + + + Punchinello Zemeros flegyas + Plum Judy Abisara echerius + + + Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda + + Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima + Banded Tree Brown Lethe confusa + + ++ Bamboo Tree Brown Lethe europa + Common Tree Brown Lethe rohria + + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus ++ ++ ++ + South China Bush Brown Mycalesis zonata + Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus ++ +++ + + Straight Five-ring Ypthima lisandra +

May June July August Common Nawab Polyura athamas + Tawny Rajah Charaxes bernardus + + Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne + + + + Rustic Cupha erymanthis + + + + Common Jester Symbrenthia lilaea + + + + Peacock Pansy Junonia almana + + + Chocolate Pansy Junonia iphita + Great Egg-fly Hypolimnas bolina + + Common Sailer Neptis hylas + + Common Sergeant Athyma perius + Colour Sergeant Athyma nefte + + Gaudy Baron Euthalia lubentina + White-edged Blue Baron Euthalia phemius + Red-ring Skirt Hestina assimilis + Glassy Tiger Parantica aglea + Common Tiger Danaus genutia + Common Indian Crow Euploea core +


Table 14 Butterfly species recorded at Tong To – Muk Min Tau in 2008 May June July August Water Snow Flat Tagiades litigiosus + + Chestnut Angle Odontoptilum angulatum + Forest Hopper Astictopterus jama + Grass Demon Udaspes folus + + ++ Chinese Dart Potanthus confucius + Unidentified Dart Potanthus sp. + Great Swift Pelopidas assamensis + Unidentified Swift Pelopidas sp. + Contiguous Swift Polytremis lubricans + + + Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon + Common Jay Graphium doson + + Five-bar Swordtail Pathysa antiphates + Common Mime Chilasa clytia + + Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus + Red Helen Papilio helenus + + Common Mormon Papilio polytes +++ ++ +++ + Great Mormon Papilio memnon + + + + Chinese Peacock Papilio bianor + Red-base Jezebel Delias pasithoe + + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia ++ + Common Gull Cepora nerissa + Great Orange Tip Hebomoia glaucippe + Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona ++

May June July August Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe + ++ Centaur Oak Blue Arhopala pseudocentaurus + Silver-streak Blue Iraota timoleon + Cornelian Deudorix epijarbas + Purple Sapphire Heliophorus epicles + Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha ++ ++ ++ + Lesser Grass Blue Zizina otis + Tailed Cupid Everes lacturnus + Quaker Neopithecops zalmora + + Common Hedge Blue Acytolepis puspa +++ Plum Judy Abisara echerius + + Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda + Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima + + + Banded Tree Brown Lethe confusa ++ + Common Tree Brown Lethe rohria + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus ++ ++ + + South China Bush Brown Mycalesis zonata + Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus + + + Tawny Rajah Charaxes bernardus + Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne + + Rustic Cupha erymanthis + + Common Jester Symbrenthia lilaea + Chocolate Pansy Junonia iphita + Common Sailer Neptis hylas + + + Colour Sergeant Athyma nefte + White-edged Blue Baron Euthalia phemius + + Baron Euthalia aconthea + + Common Mapwing Cyrestis thyodamas + Red-ring Skirt Hestina assimilis + Glassy Tiger Parantica aglea +


Table 15 Butterfly species recorded at Tam Shui Hang in 2008 May June July August Water Snow Flat Tagiades litigiosus + Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides + + + + Forest Hopper Astictopterus jama + Contiguous Swift Polytremis lubricans + + Unidentified Swift Baoris/Caltoris sp. + + Common Mime Chilasa clytia + Common Mormon Papilio polytes + +++ + + Great Mormon Papilio memnon + ++ + + Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia ++ + + Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona ++ + Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe + ++ + ++

May June July August Long-banded Silverline Spindasis lohita + Slate Flash Rapala manea + Purple Sapphire Heliophorus epicles + + + Pale Grass Blue Zizeeria maha ++ ++ +++ + Small Grass Blue Famegana alsulus + Tailed Cupid Everes lacturnus + + Quaker Neopithecops zalmora + + + + Common Hedge Blue Acytolepis puspa ++ + Punchinello Zemeros flegyas + + + + Plum Judy Abisara echerius + ++ + Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima + + Banded Tree Brown Lethe confusa + + + Common Tree Brown Lethe rohria + + + Dark-brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus ++ ++ ++ ++ South China Bush Brown Mycalesis zonata + Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus +++ + + + Straight Five-ring Ypthima lisandra + Tawny Rajah Charaxes bernardus + Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne + + + Rustic Cupha erymanthis + + Peacock Pansy Junonia almana + + + + Grey Pansy Junonia atlites + Danaid Egg-fly Hypolimnas misippus + Common Sailer Neptis hylas ++ + + ++ Southern Sullied Sailer Neptis clinia + + Staff Sergeant Athyma selenophora + White-edged Blue Baron Euthalia phemius + Common Mapwing Cyrestis thyodamas + Glassy Tiger Parantica aglea + Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger Ideopsis similis +


(D) Fish

Methodology

Field surveys were conducted during May to August 2008 in the development areas or in representative habitats of large development areas. Methods recommended in the EIAO Guidance Notes No. 07/ 2002 and No. 10/ 2004 were followed. Fishes were mainly surveyed by direct observation. Water bodies within the Study Area, such as fish ponds, channels and streams, were surveyed. When necessary, a hand net would be used for collecting fish, which were then identified in situ and released afterwards. During night surveys, nocturnal fish species observed were recorded. Prior to the field surveys, site visits were carried out in late April and early May (30 April, 6 – 8 May) to identify habitats of potential concern.

Results

Table 1 Fish species observed in Ha Wan Tsuen. May June July August

Fish Ponds Carassius auratus (Edible Goldfish) + Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Grass Carp) + Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex ++++ Channel Carassius auratus (Edible Goldfish) + Channa striata (Snakehead Murrel) ex + Clarias gariepinus (North African Catfish) ex + + + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex ++++ +++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex ++

+ = 1-5 individuals, ++ = 6-10 individuals, +++ = 11-25 individuals, ++++ = 26-50 individuals, +++++ = >50 individuals; ex = exotic.

Table 2 Fish species observed in Lok Ma Chau Village. May June July August

Agricultural Land Carassius auratus (Edible Goldfish) +++ Clarias gariepinus (North African Catfish) ex + + Channa gachua (Dwarf Snakehead) ex + +++++ Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex ++++ +++++ +++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex ++ +++ +++++ +++++ Hillside Pond Channa maculata (Spotted Snakehead) + Channa sp. (exotic snakehead juvenile) ex +++++ Channa striata (Snakehead Murrel) ex + Cyprinus carpio (Common Carp) +^ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex ++ + +

+ = 1-5 individuals, ++ = 6-10 individuals, +++ = 11-25 individuals, ++++ = 26-50 individuals, +++++ = >50 individuals; ex = exotic; ^ = observed during site visit.

Table 3 Fish species observed in Ma Tso Lung. May June July August

Streams and Channels Carassius auratus (Edible Goldfish) ++ Channa gachua (Dwarf Snakehead) ex + + + Clarias gariepinus (North African Catfish) ex + + + +

May June July August Monopterus albus (Swampy Eel) + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex ++++ +++++ Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) ++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ Active and Abandoned Agricultural Land Channa gachua (Dwarf Snakehead) ex + ++ + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ +++ +++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex + +


Table 4 Fish species observed in Liu Pok. May June July August

Channel Channa gachua (Dwarf Snakehead) ex + + Abandoned Agricultural Land Channa gachua (Dwarf Snakehead) ex + Clarias gariepinus (North African Catfish) ex + + Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex +


Table 5 Fish species observed in Ng Tung River West. May June July August

Ponds Clarias gariepinus (North African Catfish) ex + Cyprinus carpio (Common Carp) + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex ++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex ++++


Table 6 Fish species observed in Sandy Ridge. May June July August

Fish Ponds Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Grass Carp) + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex + +++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex ++ + + Reinstated Pond Channa gachua (Dwarf Snakehead) ex +++++ Channa maculata (Spotted Snakehead) + Channa striata (Snakehead Murrel) ex + Cyprinus carpio (Ornamental Carp) ++ ++ + + Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex + + Agricultural Land Channa asiatica (Small Snakehead) + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ +++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex + Streams and Channels Channa asiatica (Small Snakehead) +

May June July August Clarias gariepinus (North African Catfish) ex + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ +++ +++++ +++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex +++ + ++++ Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) ex +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) ++


Table 7 Fish species observed in San Uk Ling. May June July August

Fish Ponds Carassius auratus (Edible Goldfish) + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex + +++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex +++++ +++++ Stream Carassius auratus (Edible Goldfish) + ++++ Cyprinus carpio (Common Carp) + Channa striata (Snakehead Murrel) ex + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex + +++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex ++++ ++ +++++ +++++ Tilapia zillii (Redbelly Tilapia) ex + Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) +++++


Table 8 Fish species recorded at Muk Wu- Man Kam To. May June July August

Streams Channa gachua (Dwarf Snakehead) ex + Clarias fuscus (Whitespotted Clarias) + + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex ++++ +++++ ++ +++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex + Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ Channel Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ +++++ Pond Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ Agricultural Land Clarias fuscus (Whitespotted Clarias) + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ +++++ +++++


Table 9 Fish species observed in Kong Nga Po. May June July August

Streams Carassius auratus (Edible Goldfish) + Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) ++++


Table 10 Fish species observed in Chow Tin Tsuen. May June July August

Agricultural Land Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex ++++ +++


Table 11 Fish species observed in Tong Fong and Kwa Liu. May June July August

Channel (Midstream Section of Ping Yuen River) Cyprinus carpio (Ornamental Carp) + Clarias gariepinus (North African Catfish) ex +++ + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex ++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex + +++++ Stream (Upper Section of Ping Yuen River) Clarias gariepinus (North African Catfish) ex + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ Monopterus albus (Swampy Eel) + Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) +++++ +++++ ++++ +++++


Table 12 Fish species observed in Tsung Yuen Hai. May June July August

Channel Channa gachua (Dwarf Snakehead) ex + Clarias gariepinus (North African Catfish) ex + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex ++


Table 13 Fish species observed in Heung Yuen Wai. May June July August

Streams in Heung Yuen Wai Channa asiatica (Small Snakehead) + + Clarias fuscus (Whitespotted Clarias) + Macropodus opercularis (Paradise Fish) ++ + + Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Oriental Weatherfish) + + Nicholsicypris normalis ++ +++ +++++ Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) +++++ +++++ ++ +++++ Stream next to Lin Ma Hang Road Macropodus opercularis (Paradise Fish) + Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Oriental Weatherfish) + Nicholsicypris normalis +++++ +++++ Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) +++ + Agricultural Land Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex ++ +++++


Table 14 Fish species observed in Lin Ma Hang. May June July August

Stream (Tributary) Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Oriental Weatherfish) + + Monopterus albus (Swampy Eel) + Parazacco spilurus (Predaceous Chub) +++ +++++ Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) + +++++ +++ +++++ Rasbora steineri (Chinese Rasbora) +++++ +++++ +++++ + Rhinogobius duospilus + Stream (Lower Section) Carassius auratus (Edible Goldfish) + Channa asiatica (Small Snakehead) + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex ++++ +++++ +++++ ++ Macropodus opercularis (Paradise Fish) + Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex + Parazacco spilurus (Predaceous Chub) +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ Rasbora steineri (Chinese Rasbora) ++++ +++++ Stream (Upper Section) Carassius auratus (Edible Goldfish) + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++ +++++ +++++ ++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex + +++++ ++ Parazacco spilurus (Predaceous Chub) +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) ++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ Rasbora steineri (Chinese Rasbora) +++ +++++


Table 15 Fish species observed in Sha Tau Kok. May June July August

Stream 1 Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ +++++ ++++ +++++ Liza sp. (Mullet) +++++ Macropodus opercularis (Paradise Fish) +^ Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Oriental Weatherfish) + + Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex + ++ +++ + Pterocryptis cochinchinensis (Vietnam Catfish) + Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ Tridentiger trigonocephalus (Chameleon Goby) ++ Stream 2 Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Oriental Weatherfish) + Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) +++++ Stream 3 Ambassis gymnocephalus (Glassperch) +++++ +++++ Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ +++ Liza affinis (Eastern Keelback Mullet) +++++

May June July August Monopterus albus (Swampy Eel) + Parazacco spilurus (Predaceous Chub) +++++ ++++ + +++++ Puntius semifasciolatus (Chinese Barb) ++ +++ +++++ Rhinogobius duospilus ++++ Rhinogobius giurinus (Barcheek Goby) +^ Tridentiger trigonocephalus (Chameleon Goby) + ++ Xiphophorus variatus (Variable Platyfish) ex + +++ +++++ Ponds Cyprinus carpio (Ornamental Carp) + + Gambusia affinis (Mosquito Fish) ex +++++ Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) ex +++++ +++++ Mangrove Ambassis gymnocephalus (Glassperch) ++ Liza sp. (Mullet) +++++ +++++ Mugil cephalus (Grey Mullet) ++ Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique Tilapia) ex +++++ Tridentiger trigonocephalus (Chameleon Goby) ++

+ = 1-5 individuals, ++ = 6-10 individuals, +++ = 11-25 individuals, ++++ = 26-50 individuals, +++++ = >50 individuals; ex = exotic; ^ = observed during site visit.

(E) Herpetofauna

Methodology

Field surveys were conducted during May to August 2008 in the development areas or in representative

habitats of large development areas. Methods recommended in the EIAO Guidance Notes No. 07/2002 and

No. 10/2004 were followed. Prior to the field surveys, site visits were carried out in late April and early May

(30 April, 6 – 8 May) to identify habitats of potential significance. Subsequently, surveys focused particularly

on ponds, seasonal marshes and other wetland areas, and amphibians were actively sought in these

microhabitats. During the daytime, herpetofauna observed along a set transect or at a sampling point were

identified, counted and recorded. Binoculars would be used occasionally to aid identification. Calling frogs, if

present, would also be recorded at this time. During nocturnal surveys auditory detection and identification of

mating calls was carried out for surveying frogs. At the same time, any nocturnal reptile species were

recorded. Many reptile species are cryptic or secretive, however, and it was therefore necessary to augment

observations of basking or foraging reptiles with active searching in appropriate microhabitats, such as

underneath stones, logs or other objects lying on the ground.

Results

Key: D = diurnal survey; N = nocturnal survey.

Table 1 Herpetofauna species observed at Ha Wan Tsuen.

May June July August

D N D N D N D N

Fish Ponds

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) +

Kalophrynus interlineatus (Spotted Narrow-mouthed Frog)

+ +

Microhyla ornate (Ornate Pigmy Frog) +++++ +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + + +++ + +

Channel


+

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) + +

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) +

Key: + = 1-5 individuals, ++ = 6-10 individuals, +++ = 11-25 individuals, ++++ = 26-50 individuals, +++++ = >50 individuals.

Table 2 Herpetofauna species observed at Lok Ma Chau Village.


D N D N D N D N

Active and Abandoned Agricultural Lands

Bufo melanostictus (Asian Common Toad)

+ + +

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) + + x +

Hoplobatrachus chinensis (Chinese Bull Frog)

+ +++ +


+ +++++ +++

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) + +++ ++++

Microhyla butleri (Butler’s Pigmy Frog)

+

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) + +++++ +++++

Microhyla pulchra (Marbled Pigmy +++ + +


D N D N D N D N

Frog)

Polypedates megacephalus (Brown Tree Frog)

+++ +++ + +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) ++ + + +

Hillside Pond


++++ ++


+

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) +


+

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + + +

Rana taipehensis (Two-striped Grass Frog)

++++ +

Shrubland


+ +

Hemidactylus bowringii (Bowring’s Gecko)

+


+ +++++

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) ++

Mabuya longicaudata (Long-tailed Skink)

+


+ +


Naja atra (Chinese Cobra) +^

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + +

Seasonal Streams


Key: + = 1-5 individuals, ++ = 6-10 individuals, +++ = 11-25 individuals, ++++ = 26-50 individuals, +++++ = >50 individuals; ^ = observed during site

visit; x = presence of tadpoles.

Table 3 Herpetofauna species observed at Ma Tso Lung Village.


D N D N D N D N



+ + + +

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) + x +++, x +


+


+ + ++ + +


+ +++++ ++++ +++++ +

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) + + +++++ +


D N D N D N D N

Mabuya longicaudata (Long-tailed Skink)

+ +

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) +++++ +++++ +

Microhyla pulchra (Marbled Pigmy Frog)

+++++ +++++ +


+++ +++ +, x ++ +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + +++ +++ + + +

Streams and Channels


+



+

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + + x + +

Village Area

Bungarus multicinctus (Many-banded Krait)

+

Ptyas mucosus (Common Rat Snake) +^



Table 4 Herpetofauna species observed at Liu Pok.


D N D N D N D N

Abandoned Agricultural Lands


+ +


++++ +++++ ++ ++

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) + + ++

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) ++


++++ + +

Ptyas mucosus (Common Rat Snake) +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + ++ ++ + + +

Channel



+ +



Table 5 Herpetofauna species observed at Ho Sheung Heung area.


D N D N D N D N

Ponds


Eumeces chinensis (Chinese Skink) +

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) ++


+++++ +++++ +


++++ ++++ ++++


+


++ + +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + ++++ + + + ++ +++


++

Abandoned and Active Agricultural Lands

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) +++


++++ +++++

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) + + +++++


+++ +++

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) + ++++ +


+++


+ + + +



Table 6 Herpetofauna species observed near Man Kam To Road.


D N D N D N D N



+++ + +

Bungarus multicinctus (Many-banded Krait)

+*

Calotes versicolor (Changeable Lizard)

+ +

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) +++ +++ ++++ +


+ + + +


+ +++++ +++++ +

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) + + +++++ + +

Microhyla butleri (Butler’s Pigmy + +++ ++++ +


D N D N D N D N

Frog)

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) + ++ + +++++ +++++ +++++


++++ +++++ +++++ +++


+ ++ + +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + + + ++ +

Active Fish Ponds


+ +



+


+ ++



+

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) ++ ++++ + +++ ++++ ++

Trachemys scripta (Red-eared Slider) +

Reinstated Pond


++++


+

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) ++++


+ + + +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) +++ + +++ ++ +


+++ +++++ ++++

Streams


x +



+ + +


Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) + ++


+ +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + + + +

Xenochrophis piscator (Checkered Keelback)

+

Key: + = 1-5 individuals, ++ = 6-10 individuals, +++ = 11-25 individuals, ++++ = 26-50 individuals, +++++ = >50 individuals; x = presence of

tadpoles; * = dead.

Table 7 Herpetofauna species observed at San Uk Ling.


D N D N D N D N



+ +



+


+ +++++

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) + +++

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) + +++++


+ +++ +


++ ++ ++


Fish Ponds


+ + +



+

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + + ++ +

Streams

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) +


Table 8 Herpetofauna species observed at Kong Nga Po.


D N D N D N D N




+



+++++ +++++ +++++

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) ++ ++++ +++++


+


++ +++ +++ ++

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) ++ +++ + +++ + +

Trachemys scripta (Red-eared Slider) + +

Pond



+ + + +


D N D N D N D N



+ ++++ ++

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) + ++++


+++ + ++++


+++ ++ ++ +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) ++++ + +++ + +++ +

Streams


x +


+


++ + +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + + + + +


tadpoles.

Table 9 Herpetofauna species observed at Man Kam To.


D N D N D N D N



x + + + +


+

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) +, x ++ +++ +++++


+


+, x +


+++++

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) + + +


++++ +++++ +++++

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) +++++ +++++ +++++


++++ ++ +++


x ++ x +++ ++++ +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + + + + +++

Pond



+

Kalophrynus interlineatus (Spotted +


D N D N D N D N

Narrow-mouthed Frog)


+ + +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + +++ + ++ ++


+++ +++++ +++++

Streams


+

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) + +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + x +


tadpoles.

Table 10 Herpetofauna species observed at Chow Tin Tsuen.


D N D N D N D N



+ x

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) + ++ +++ +


++ +


+++++

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) + +


+++++

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) + + +++++ +++++ +++


++ +++ +++ ++++


x ++ + ++ +

Python molurus (Burmese Python) +*

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + +++ ++++ + +


tadpoles; * = dead.

Table 11. Herpetofauna species observed at Tong Fong and Kwa Liu.


D N D N D N D N



+ + + x +


+

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) ++++ ++++ ++++ + +++


+ x + x + +


D N D N D N D N


+ +++

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) + ++++ +


++ +

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) ++ +++++ +++++ +++++


+++++ +++++ x ++++ x +++++


+++++ x +++ +++ +

Ptyas korros (Indo-Chinese Rat Snake)

+*

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) ++ +++++ ++ +++++ ++++ +

Pond


+ +



+ +



+ +++++ +++++

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) + +++++ + +++++


+ +++++ + +++


+ + ++++ +++

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + + + ++++ ++++ +

Channel (Midstream Section of Ping Yuen River)


Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) ++++ +

Trachemys scripta (Red-eared Slider)

Stream (Upper Section of Ping Yuen River)


+


+



tadpoles; * = dead.

Table 12 Herpetofauna species observed at Tsung Yuen Ha.


D N D N D N D N



+ + +

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) + + +


D N D N D N D N


+ x x +


++++


+ ++++ ++

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) + +++ +++


+ +++ +++


++ x +++ +++ +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + +++ +, x +

Channel


+



tadpoles.

Table 13 Herpetofauna species observed at Heung Yuen Wai.


D N D N D N D N



+

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) + x + + +


+


+ +



++ ++++ ++++

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) +++++


+ ++ ++++ ++++


+ +++ + ++

Ptyas mucosus (Common Rat Snake) +^

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) ++ + x ++++ +++ +

Streams


+


+


+




Table 14 Herpetofauna species observed at Lin Ma Hang.


D N D N D N D N



+ +



+


+

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) + ++++


+ + +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + +++ + +++ ++

Stream


+ +



+ +


+



+ +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) +, x ++ + +++ + ++

Village Area


+ +


+ +


Trimeresurus albolabris (Bamboo Pit Viper)

+


tadpoles.

Table 15 Herpetofauna species observed at Sha Tau Kok.


D N D N D N D N



+, x + + +

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) +++ +++ ++ +


+ +


+++ +

Kaloula pulchra (Asiatic Painted Frog) +++ +

Microhyla butleri (Butler’s Pigmy + ++++ +++++


D N D N D N D N

Frog)

Microhyla ornata (Ornate Pigmy Frog) + +++ +++ +


+ +++ +++ +++++


+++, x ++++ +++, x ++

Ptyas mucosus (Common Rat Snake) +

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + +++ + +++++ +++ +

Stream 1


+ +

Fejervarya limnocharis (Paddy Frog) + + +


+


+ +


Sphenomorphus incognitus (Brown Forest Skink)

+

Stream 2



+


Stream 3


+ +


Xenochrophis piscator (Checkered Keelback)

+

Fish Ponds


+



+ ++ + ++

Rana guentheri (Günther’s Frog) + ++ + +++ ++ +++ ++


tadpoles.

(F) Odonates

Methodology

Field surveys were conducted during May to August 2008 in the development areas or in representative habitats of large development areas. Methods recommended in the EIAO Guidance Notes No. 07/ 2002 and No. 10/ 2004 were followed. During the daytime, odonates observed along a set transect or at a sampling point were identified, counted and recorded. Binoculars would be used occasionally to aid identification. Prior to the field surveys, site visits were carried out in late April and early May (30 April, 6 – 8 May) to identify habitats of potential concern.

Diurnal counts were only undertaken during suitable weather conditions (i.e. in dry weather when air temperature in the shade was above 17oC, there was at least 50% sunshine and wind conditions were light). Counts were undertaken between 10.00 and 16.00 hours.

Results

Table 1 Odonate species observed at Ha Wan Tsuen. May June July August

Fish Ponds Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + Anax guttatus (Pale-spotted Emperor) + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + + + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + ++ Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) ++++ ++++ + Tholymis tillarga (Evening Skimmer) + Channel Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) ++

Number of individuals: + = 1-5 ; ++ = 6-10 ; +++ = 11-25 ; ++++ = 26-50 ; +++++ = >50.

Table 2 Odonate species observed at Lok Ma Chau Village. May June July August

Hillside Pond Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + Anax guttatus (Pale-spotted Emperor) + + Anax parthenope (Lesser Emperor) + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + Acisoma panorpoides (Asian Pintail) + + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + ++ + + Hydrobasileus croceus (Amber-winged Glider) + + + + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + + Rhyothemis triangularis (Sapphire Flutterer) ++ +++++ + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) +++ +++ + ++

May June July August Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + + Urothemis signata (Scarlet Basker) + Zyxomma petiolatum (Dingy Dusk-darter) + Seasonal Streams Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + ++ + Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + + + Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) ++ + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) +++++ + Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + Agricultural Land Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + Anax guttatus (Pale-spotted Emperor) + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + + Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + ++ Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) ++ +++++ Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) +++ Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) ++ + Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + + Urothemis signata (Scarlet Basker) +


Table 3 Odonate species observed at Ma Tso Lung. May June July August

Streams and Channels Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + ++ Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) ++ + + + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + Acisoma panorpoides (Asian Pintail) + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + + + Orthetrum chrysis (Red-faced Skimmer) + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) +++ ++ + + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + +

May June July August Orthetrum triangulare (Lesser Blue Skimmer) + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Rhodothemis rufa (Ruby Darter) + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + + + + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + ++ + +++ Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + + ++ + Ponds Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + + + + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) +++ + + + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + Urothemis signata (Scarlet Basker) + Marsh Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) +++ Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + + + Hydrobasileus croceus (Amber-winged Glider) + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + Orthetrum chrysis (Red-faced Skimmer) + + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) + + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) +++ ++ ++ + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + ++ Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + + ++++ Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + + + + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) ++ +++ +++ +++ Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) ++ + ++ Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + + + Urothemis signata (Scarlet Basker) + Zyxomma petiolatum (Dingy Dusk-darter) +


Table 4 Odonate species observed at Liu Pok. y June July August

Channel Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) ++ + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + Hydrobasileus croceus (Amber-winged Glider) + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) +

y June July August Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + Marsh Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + + + Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + Onychargia atrocyana (Marsh Dancer) + + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) ++ + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) + + + + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) +++++ Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + + Rhyothemis triangularis (Sapphire Flutterer) + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) ++ +++ +++ +++ Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + + + Urothemis signata (Scarlet Basker) + + Zyxomma petiolatum (Dingy Dusk-darter) +


Table 5 Odonate species observed at Ng Tung River West. May June July August

Ponds Anax guttatus (Pale-spotted Emperor) + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + Epophthalmia elegans (Regal Pond Cruiser) + + Acisoma panorpoides (Asian Pintail) + + + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) +++ ++ +++ +++ Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + ++ + Hydrobasileus croceus (Amber-winged Glider) + + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) ++ ++ ++ +++++ Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + + + + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + +++++ +++ +++ Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + Tholymis tillarga (Evening Skimmer) + + + Urothemis signata (Scarlet Basker) + Shrubland Anax parthenope (Lesser Emperor) + Gynacantha japonica (Blue-spotted Dusk-hawker) + Epophthalmia elegans (Regal Pond Cruiser) +

May June July August Acisoma panorpoides (Asian Pintail) ++ + + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) +++ + + + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + + Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) + + Hydrobasileus croceus (Amber-winged Glider) + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + ++ + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + + ++++ +++++ Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) ++++ +++ +++ ++ Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + + + + Urothemis signata (Scarlet Basker) +


Table 6 Odonate species observed at Sandy Ridge. May June July August

Fish Ponds Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + + Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + Anax guttatus (Pale-spotted Emperor) + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + + + + Sinictinogomphus clavatus (Golden Flangetail) ++ + + + Epophthalmia elegans (Regal Pond Cruiser) + Acisoma panorpoides (Asian Pintail) + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) ++ ++ Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + + +++ + Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) + + Hydrobasileus croceus (Amber-winged Glider) + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) +++ ++ + + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) ++++ + + + Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + + + Urothemis signata (Scarlet Basker) + Reinstated Pond Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) + Anax guttatus (Pale-spotted Emperor) + + + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + + Epophthalmia elegans (Regal Pond Cruiser) + Acisoma panorpoides (Asian Pintail) + + + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) +++ ++++ ++ + Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) +

May June July August Hydrobasileus croceus (Amber-winged Glider) + + Nannphyopsis clara (Emerald Dwarf) + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + + + + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Rhodothemis rufa (Ruby Darter) + Rhyothemis triangularis (Sapphire Flutterer) +++ Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) ++++ +++ + + Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + + Tholymis tillarga (Evening Skimmer) + Urothemis signata (Scarlet Basker) + + ++ Streams and Channels Agriocnemis pygmaea (Wandering Midget) + Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + + Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) + + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) +++++ +++ + +++ Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) ++ +++ Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + Acisoma panorpoides (Asian Pintail) + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) +++ ++ Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) ++ Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) ++++ Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) +++ + + + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) ++ + Tholymis tillarga (Evening Skimmer) + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + + + + Zyxomma petiolatum (Dingy Dusk-darter) + Agricultural Land Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + Anax guttatus (Pale-spotted Emperor) + + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + + Sinictinogomphus clavatus (Golden Flangetail) + Acisoma panorpoides (Asian Pintail) + + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + + + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + ++ + ++ Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) +++ + Diplacodes trivialis (Blue Percher) + +

May June July August Hydrobasileus croceus (Amber-winged Glider) + Neurothemis fulvia (Russet Percher) + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) +++ + Orthetrum chrysis (Red-faced Skimmer) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + ++ +++ Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) +++ + ++ +++ Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) +++ ++ ++ ++++ Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) +++ +++ +++ +++ Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + Urothemis signata (Scarlet Basker) ++ + +


Table 7 Odonate species observed at San Uk Ling. May June July August

Fish Ponds Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + + Epophthalmia elegans (Regal Pond Cruiser) + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + ++ + + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + Stream Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) ++ ++ + Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) ++ + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + + + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + Shrubland Hydrobaslieus croceus (Amber-winged Glider) + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) ++ + + + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + + + Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + +


Table 8 Odonate species observed at Kong Nga Po. May June July August

Streams Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + + + + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + Zyxomma petiolatum (Dingy Dusk-darter) + Pond Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + Anax guttatus (Pale-spotted Emperor) + + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) + + ++ Neurothemis fulvia (Russet Percher) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + Tholymis tillarga (Evening Skimmer) + + Shrubland Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + + + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) +++ ++ ++ Orhetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) +++ ++ ++ Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + + + + Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + + ++ Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + +


Table 9 Odonate species observed at Man Kam To. May June July August

Streams and Channels Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + + Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) ++ + Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + + Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + + Acisoma panorpoides (Asian Pintail) + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) ++ Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) +++ + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) ++ Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) +++ + + Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) ++ ++ + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) ++ + Pond Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + Anax guttatus (Pale-spotted Emperor) + + Anax parthenope (Lesser Emperor) + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) ++++ + Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) + Hydrobasileus croceus (Amber-winged Glider) + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Rhyothemis triangularis (Sapphire Flutterer) ++ +++ ++ Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) +++ + + Urothemis signata (Scarlet Basker) + ++ Agricultural Land Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + + + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) ++ +++ +++ ++++ Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + + + + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + + + Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + + Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) + + Hydrobasileus croceus (Amber-winged Glider) + Neurothemis fulvia (Russet Percher) + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + + + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) +++ +++ ++ +++ Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) +++ +++ + ++++ Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) +

May June July August Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) +++ ++ ++ ++ Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + ++ + ++ Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + +++ +


Table 10 Odonate species observed at Tong Fong and Kwa Liu. May June July August

Channel (Midstream Section of Ping Yuen River) Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + ++ Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) ++ + + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + Stream (Upper Section of Ping Yuen River) Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + + Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) ++ +++ ++ Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + + Paragomphus carpricornis (Tawny Hooktail) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + +++ + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) ++ + Pond Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) + + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Active Agricultural Land (Chow Tin Tsuen) Agriocnemis femina (Orange-tailed Midget) + Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) ++ ++ + Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + Anax guttatus (Pale-spotted Emperor) + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + Paragomphus carpricornis (Tawny Hooktail) + Acisoma panorpoides (Asian Pintail) +

May June July August Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + + Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) + + + Diplacodes trivialis (Blue Percher) + Neurothemis fulvia (Russet Percher) + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) ++ + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) + + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + +++ +++ ++ Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + ++ ++++ ++++ Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + +++ ++++ ++++ Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + ++ Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + ++ Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + Shrubland Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + Lyriothemis elegantissima (Forest Chaser) + ++ ++ Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + Orthetrum chrysis (Red-faced Skimmer) + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + ++++ ++ +++ Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + ++ Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) ++ ++ +++++ +++ Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + + Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + ++ +


Table 11 Odonate species observed at Tsung Yuen Ha. May June July August

Channel Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) ++ + + Shrubland/Grassland Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + ++ + ++ Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + ++ Pantala flavescens (Wwandering Glider) + + + +++ Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + +

May June July August Tholymis tillarga (Evening Skimmer) + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + +


Table 12 Odonate species observed at Heung Yuen Wai. May June July August

Streams Neurobasis chinensis (Chinese Greenwing) + Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + + + + Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) ++ + + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) ++ +++ ++ ++ Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + ++ ++ + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + Neurothemis fulvia (Russet Percher) + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) + + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + +++ Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + + Unknown Species + + Abandoned Agricultural Land Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + + Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + + Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + Brachythemis chalybea (Blue Dasher) + Lyriothemis elegantissima (Forest Chaser) + + Neurothemis fulvia (Russet Percher) + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) ++ + ++ Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + ++ + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) ++ + ++ Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + + Tramea virginia (Saddlebag Glider) + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) +


Table 13 Odonate species observed at Lin Ma Hang. May June July August

Stream (Tributary) Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + + ++ ++ Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + + Orthetrum chrysis (Red-faced Skimmer) + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + + + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) ++ + + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + + + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) ++ ++ + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) +++ ++ + Stream (Lower Section) Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) +++ + + Ischnura senegalensis (Common Bluetail) + Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) ++ ++ Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + + + + Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) +++ + + + Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + + + Nannphyopsis clara (Emerald Dwarf) + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) + + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) ++ + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + + + Unknown species + Stream (Upper Section) Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) ++ ++ + Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) ++ + + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + + Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + + + + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + Hydrobasileus croceus (Amber-winged Glider) + Orthetrum chrysis (Red-faced Skimmer) + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) +++ Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + + + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) ++ + + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + Unknown species + Agricultural Land/Shrubland Onychargia atrocyana (Marsh Dancer) +

May June July August Lyriothemis elegantissima (Forest Chaser) + Neurothemis fulvia (Russet Percher) + + Orthetrum chrysis (Red-faced Skimmer) + + + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + + + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) ++ ++ ++ + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + ++ ++ + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + ++ + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + + + Urothemis signata (Scarlet Basker) +


Table 14 Odonate species observed at Sha Tau Kok. May June July August

Stream 1 Rhinocypha perforata (Common Blue Jewel) + + Euphaea decorata (Black-banded Gossamerwing) ++ +++ Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) + + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + ++ ++ ++++ Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + + + ++++ Brachydiplax chalybea (Blue Dasher) + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + Orthetrum chrysis (Red-faced Skimmer) + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) + + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + + + Stream 2 Euphaea decorata (Black-banded Gossamerwing) +++ Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + ++ Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) ++ Lyriothemis elegantissima (Forest Chaser) + + Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + Orthetrum triangulare (Lesser Blue Skimmer) + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + + + Stream 3 Euphaea decorata (Black-banded Gossamerwing) ++

May June July August Agriocnemis femina (Orange-tailed Midget) ++ ++ + + Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + ++ + Pseudagrion microcephalum (Blue Sprite) + Pseudagrion pruinosum (Ferruginous-faced Sprite) + Pseudagrion rubriceps (Orange-faced Sprite) + + Copera ciliata (Black-kneed Featherlegs) + + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + + + + Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + +++ + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) + Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) ++ Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + Orthetrum triangulare (Lesser Blue Skimmer) + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + + Ponds Ictinogomphus pertinax (Common Flangetail) + + Sinictinogomphus clavatus (Golden Flangetail) + Brachythemis contaminata (Asian Amberwing) + + + Pseudothemis zonata (Pied Skimmer) + + Tholymis tillarga (Evening Skimmer) + Agricultural Land/Shrubland Rhinocypha perforata (Common Blue Jewel) + Euphaea decorata (Black-banded Gossamerwing) + + ++ Ceriagrion auranticum (Orange-tailed Sprite) + + + Onychargia atrocyana (Marsh Dancer) + Copera marginipes (Yellow Featherlegs) + ++ Prodasineura autumnalis (Black Threadtail) + Crocothemis servilia (Crimson Darter) + + Lyriothemis elegantissima (Forest Chaser) + + Neurothemis tullia (Pied Percher) + Orthetrum chrysis (Red-faced Skimmer) + + Orthetrum glaucum (Common Blue Skimmer) ++ + ++ Orthetrum luzonicum (Marsh Skimmer) + +++ + ++ Orthetrum pruinosum (Common Red Skimmer) + + + + Orthetrum sabina (Green Skimmer) + + + Pantala flavescens (Wandering Glider) ++++ + + Rhyothemis variegata (Variegated Flutterer) + + + Trithemis aurora (Crimson Dropwing) + + + Trithemis festiva (Indigo Dropwing) + + + Zyxomma petiolatum (Dingy Dusk-darter) +


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(a) bats - pland.gov.hk · (a) bats introduction the abandoned lead mines at lin ma hang are known...

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