Chapter 1 Test Questions Ch1,1. Aristotle was a student of which Greek philosopher?Correct Answer: Plato See page 3 2. The rise of rhetoric and a well known model of communication can be traced to which period? Correct Answer: Classical Period 3. The emphasis on the importance of understanding the experiences and motivations of individual receivers can be identified in which period? Correct Answer: Contemporary Period 4.Who believed that people communicate through natural and conventional signs? Correct Answer: Augustine 5. All of the following are true regarding Aristotle, EXCEPT:Correct Answer: Supported the work of the Sophists. 6. Each of the following is a canon of rhetoric, EXCEPT: Correct Answer: Elocution 7.Francis Bacon's idea that "most of us are, by nature, careless thinkers often ruled by emotion," is an Idol of the__________. Your Answer: Tribe. 8. The four paths of rhetoric including the classical approach, psychological/epistemological approach, belletristic approach, and elocutionary approach can be traced to the ____. Correct Answer: Modern Period. 9.Rhetoricians who took a belletristic view were interested inCorrect Answer: The problems of style and eloquence. 10.The vigorous style was based on ________Correct Answer: Pathos, which was eloquent and emotional. Multiple Choice.1. Communication has been a subject of systematic study fora. at least 2,500 years. b. approximately 1,500 years.c. the last 500 years. d. only the last 50 years.Answer: a 2. The formal study of communication began ina. 5th century Sicily. b. 6th century Athens.c. 7th century Rome. d. 20th century America.Answer: a 3. In ancient Greece, the study of communication was known asa. paidagogos.b. academics.

c. rhetoric.d. pathos.Answer: c 4. The Lyceum was founded bya. Plato.b. Aristotle.c. Alexander the Great.d. Demosthenes.Answer: b 5. Pathos isa. the study of persuasive communication.b. the use of personal character to influence an audience.c. the ability to arouse an audience’s emotions.d. the use of logic and argumentation during persuasion.Answer: c 6. Ethos isa. the study of persuasive communication.b. the use of personal character to influence an audience.c. the ability to arouse an audience’s emotions.d. the use of logic and argumentation during persuasion.Answer: b 7. Logos isa. the study of persuasive communication.b. the use of personal character to influence an audience.c. the ability to arouse an audience’s emotions.d. the use of logic and argumentation during persuasion.Answer: d 8. The classical period in the history of rhetoric lasteda. from the 10th century BC to the 5th century BC.b. from the 5th century BC to the 4th century AD.c. from 400 AD to 1,000 AD.d. from 1,000 AD to 1600 AD.Answer: b 9. The canons of rhetoric werea. one of the seven wonders of the Ancient World.b. judges who awarded prizes for rhetoric at annualcompetitions in Athens.c. Greek legislators who took part in forensic argumentation.d. one of the earliest models of communication.Answer: d 10. The canons of rhetoric were written in which period?

a. classicalb. medievalc. modernd. contemporaryAnswer: a 11. Bellestristic rhetoric flourished in which period?a. classicalb. medievalc. modernd. contemporaryAnswer: c 12. In which period were letter writing and preaching the core communication activities studied byrhetoricians?a. classicalb. medievalc. modernd. contemporary Answer: b 13. In which period did communication study expanded to include interpersonal and group as well aspublic communication?a. classicalb. medievalc. modernd. contemporaryAnswer: d 14. In which period were Bacon and Campbell major figures?a. classicalb. medieval/renaissancec. modernd. contemporaryAnswer: c 15. In which period was Erasmus a major figure?a. classicalb. medieval/renaissancec. modernd. contemporaryAnswer: b 16. In which period were Cicero and Quintilian major figures?a. classicalb. medieval/renaissancec. modern

d. contemporaryAnswer: a 17. The canons of rhetoric includea. logos, pathos, ethos.b. peripatos, agora, paidagogos.c. invention, arrangement, style, memory, delivery.d. Simonides, Corax, Tisias.Answer: c 18. According to Cicero’s classifications of speaking style, the style that was logical, clear, and restrainedand worked to convince the audience of the speaker’s good character, good sense, and trustworthinesswasa. the plain style.b. the middle style.c. the vigorous style.d. All of the aboveAnswer: a 19. Which of the following skills was Simonides noted for?a. memoryb. system of logicc. use of pathosd. high ethical standardsAnswer: a20. The process of deciding on the subject matter of a speech and developing arguments is calleda. arrangement.b. style.c. invention.d. memory.Answer: c 21. __________ is the process of selecting proper words to convey a message.a. Arrangementb. Stylec. Inventiond. MemoryAnswer: b 22. Ordering ideas in an effective way is calleda. arrangement.b. style.c. invention.d. memory.Answer: a 23. One of the most popular mnemonic systems called for speakers to visualize their speeches as a

a. villa with main ideas in each room.b. map of Athens with main ideas on different streets.c. tree with main ideas on each branch.d. a zoo with main ideas associated with different animals.Answer: a 24. If a student tries to persuade fellow students to donate money to charity by showing them pictures ofstarving children in order to arouse their pity, the student is using which method of proof?a. ethosb. pathosc. logosd. mnemonicsAnswer: b 25. When an audience is swayed not by the logic of a speaker’s message but by their high regard for thespeaker’s character, they are being influenced by which method of proof?a. ethosb. pathosc. logosd. mnemonicsAnswer: a 26. Rhetoricians who took a psychological/epistemological approach focused ona. understanding the thought processes of receivers as they listened topersuasive messages.b. developing critical standards for evaluating drama, poetry and oratory.c. recovering the insights of the Greek rhetoricians.d. improving verbal and nonverbal delivery.Answer: a 27. According to Francis Bacon, the tendency to use language imprecisely was calleda. the idol of the marketplace.b. the syllogism.c. the syntactic fallacy.d. general semantics.Answer: a 28. During the contemporary period, communication scientistsa. revised the canons of rhetoric.b. used statistical methods to study audience variables.c. took an essentially humanistic stand toward communication.d. viewed communication as an art that could not be studied objectively.Answer: b 29. The scientific method emphasizes which method of attaining knowledge?a. armchair introspectionb. faith in Divine revelation

c. careful objective measurementd. study of traditional manuscriptsAnswer: c Chapter 2 Test Questions Chapter 2 Study Questions 1. By looking at how broad or narrow we want communication to be addresses the issue of ____________. Correct Answer: Breadth See page 20 2. Arbitrary and conventionalized representations to transmit meaning is known as the ability to use _________ .Correct Answer: symbols See page 22 3. A ____________ is an abstract representation of a process, a description of its structure or function. Correct Answer: Model See page 23 4. In the psychological process, two individuals exchange meanings through the transmission and reception of communication. Correct Answer: Stimuli See page 26 5. In a social constructionist model, people exist within, and perceive themselves and others through, the communicative practices of their ____. Correct Answer: Cultures. See page 29 6. In a pragmatic model, communication is seen as a game of sequential, interlocking moves between _______________ partners. Correct Answer: Interdependent See page 33 7. This perspective is considered to be overtly political in nature.Correct Answer: Cultural studies perspective See page 36 8. Dell Hymes developed which model for describing communication?Correct Answer: Ethnography of communication See page 37 9. When people share common ways of thinking about communication and common styles of talk, they have formed a ________Correct Answer: speech community. See page 38 10. If we wanted to gain insight of our class as a communication situation we would most likely use the ________. Correct Answer: ethnography of communication. See pages 37-38 1. People who see definitions as constructions rather than discoveries believea. several different definitions may be equally valid.b. the test of a good definition is its absolute truth.c. a good definition accurately records and describes something thatalready exists.d. there is only one valid definition for each phenomenon.Answer: a 2. Of the following definitions, the one that is broadest is

a. communication is the discriminatory response of an organism to a stimulus.b. communication has as its central interest those behavioral situations in which a sourcetransmits a message to a receiver with conscious intent to affect the latter’s behaviors.c. communication is a process whereby people assign meanings to stimuli in order to make senseof the world.d. communication is the transmission of information, ideas, emotions, skills, etc., by the use ofsymbols.Answer: a 3. Of the following definitions, the one that implies that communication is intentional isa. communication is a process of acting on information.b. communication is the discriminatory response of an organism to a stimulus.c. communication has as its central interest those behavioral situations in which a sourcetransmits a message to a receiver with conscious intent to affect the latter’s behaviors.d. speech communication is a process through which people make sense of the world.Answer: c 4. Of the following definitions, the one that is sender-based is:a. communication is the discriminatory response of an organism to a stimulus.b. communication is a process whereby people assign meanings to stimuli in order to make senseof the world.c. communication is an effort after meaning, whereby people orient themselves to theirenvironments.d. communication has as its central interest those behavioral situations in which a sourcetransmits a message to a receiver with conscious intent to affect the latter’s behavior.Answer: d 5. When people who study communication focus their attention on spoken symbolic interaction, theirprimary interest is in which of the following?a. The unintentional behaviors that accompany speaking.b. The way people use words to create common meaning.c. The unspoken body language that people use.d. All of the ways organisms (including non-human organisms) createmeaning.Answer: b 6. Which of the following ways of understanding a city is an example of a model?a. a street map of the cityb. an organizational chart of the city governmentc. a scale model of the cityd. All are examples of modelsAnswer: d 7. The three functions of models area. primary, secondary, tertiary.b. explanation, prediction, control.c. psychological, sociological, philosophical.d. encoding, decoding, transmitting.

Answer: b 8. Models do all of the following EXCEPTa. capture a process completely.b. help us organize our thinking.c. generate research questions.d. make predictions about the future.Answer: a 9. The psychological perspectivea. sees communication as a shared cultural product.b. focuses on individual communicators as they transmit and receive messages.c. sees communication as a system of interlocking moves.d. says that accurate communication is impossible.Answer: b 10. Which of the following elements are part of the psychological perspective?a. Act, interact, payoff, patternb. Symbolic codes, cognitive customs, cultural traditionsc. Sender/receiver, message, channel, encoding/decodingd. Ends, keys, instrumentalities, normsAnswer: c 11. A mental set consists ofa. a psychological test of communication style.b. all the people a person communicates with.c. a set of patterned interactions.d. a person’s beliefs, attitudes, values, and feelings.Answer: d 12. Which of the following is NOT true of the psychological perspective?a. The psychological perspective puts a lot of emphasis on the social context in whichcommunication occurs.b. The psychological perspective focuses on what goes on in the minds of communicators. .c. The psychological perspective assumes people must share mental sets in order to communicateeffectively.d. The psychological perspective assumes communication can breakdown.Answer: a 13. The psychological perspective is generally associated witha. a laws approach to research.b. a rules approach to research.c. a systems approach to research.d. an ethnographic approach to research.Answer: a 14. According to a laws approach to research

a. humans choose to follow the lines of action given by their cultures; research should describethe norms and roles they follow.b. human behavior is governed by invariant cause and effect relationships; research shoulddiscover these relationships.c. research should describe patterns of behavior rather than looking for either social norms orcausal relationships.d. All of the aboveAnswer: b 15. Which of the following research questions takes a systems approach?a. How do successful couples organize or structure their behavior and how do they evolve oradapt themselves to change?b. Is there a cause and effect relationship between credibility and persuasion?c. What implicit rules do first year students follow as they acclimate to college?d. All of the aboveAnswer: a 16. Which of the following research questions takes a rules approach?a. How do successful couples organize or structure their behavior and how do they evolve oradapt themselves to change?b. Is there a cause and effect relationship between credibility and persuasion?c. What implicit norms do first year students follow as they acclimate to college?d. All of the aboveAnswer: c 17. Which of the following is a criticism of the social constructionist perspective?a. It implies that senders can transfer messages.b. It places too much emphasis on the social self and not enough on theindividual self.c. It holds that both personality and culture are irrelevant.d. It is too political.Answer: b 18. The perspective that places the most emphasis on behavioral patterns isa. psychological perspective.b. social constructionist perspective.c. pragmatic perspective.d. semiotic perspective.Answer: c 19. According to the social constructionist perspective we can improve communication bya. recognizing that we create reality by talking about it and should take responsibility for our talk.b. learning to see things from the receivers’ point of view.c. encoding messages as clearly as possible.d. describing and understanding destructive patterns.Answer: a 20. According to the pragmatic perspective we can improve communication by

a. recognizing that because we create reality by talking about it, we should take responsibility forour talk.b. learning to see things from the receivers’ point of view.c. encoding messages as clearly as possible.d. describing and understanding destructive patterns.Answer: d 21. People who take a pragmatic perspective to communicationa. are interested in exploring the individual psychology of communicators.b. focus on the cultural background of communicators.c. are interested in interaction rather than personality.d. are interested in uncovering the hidden power relations that often exist in mediated texts.Answer: c22. People who take a cultural studies perspective to communicationa. are interested in exploring the individual psychology of communicators.b. focus on the cultural background of communicators.c. are interested in interaction rather than personality.d. are interested in uncovering the hidden power relations that often exist in mediated texts.Answer: d 23. Which of the following elements are part of the social constructionistperspective?a. act, interact, payoff, patternb. symbolic codes, cognitive customs, cultural traditionsc. sender/receiver, message, channel, encoding/decodingd. ends, keys, instrumentalities, normsAnswer: b 24. Which of the perspectives would be most likely to generate the following research question: In whatways do the situation comedies of the Golden Age of Television support the subservience of women?a. Psychological perspectiveb. Social constructivist perspectivec. Pragmatic perspectived. Cultural studies perspectiveAnswer: d 25. Which of the following elements are part of Hymes ethnographic model?a. act, interact, payoff, patternb. symbolic codes, cognitive customs, cultural traditionsc. sender/receiver, message, channel, encoding/decodingd. ends, keys, instrumentalities, normsAnswer: d Chapter 3 Test Questions Ch 3 Trenholm

1. The first stage of the listening process is toCorrect Answer: attend to the message. See page 48 2. All of the following are ways to improve responding EXCEPT:Correct Answer: Using mnemonic devices. See page 48 3. Before class, Alice decided to read the chapter and take notes in order to familiarize herself with the topic. Alice is trying to improve which part of the listening process?Correct Answer: Interpretation See page 48 4. Marshall has an idealized representation of his favorite instructor and is trying to find other instructors to place in this category. Which type of Cognitive Schemata is Marshall using?Correct Answer: Person Prototypes See page 51 5. When you follow certain behaviors while eating at a restaurant or greeting someone you are following a Correct Answer: script. See page 53 6.Sue decided to watch the political debate on television. Sue was intent on judging the quality of the candidate's information in their messages. Sue exemplified which part of the listening process?Correct Answer: Evaluation See page 56 7. What type of term expresses negative values and repels a listener?Correct Answer: Devil See page 57 8. What do you need to be aware of before you make your final evaluation of a message?Correct Answer: Biases See page 59 9. Johnny is speaking with Roberta and he states, "I am very upset with my grade on the midterm and want to drop the class." Roberta responds with, "So, you want to drop the class because you are upset with your midterm grade?" Roberta's response is an example ofCorrect Answer: paraphrasing. See page 61 10. Chris wants to ensure acceptance from the audience, therefore Chris shouldCorrect Answer: Encourage favorable cognitive responses by involving receivers. See page 65 1. The story that opens chapter three (the story about scientists attending a convention) illustrates thata. most people attend to and interpret events objectively.b. scientists are better observers than ordinary people.c. the perceptual responses of scientists are less accurate than those of artists.d. perception is a subjective process.Answer: d 2. Which of these statements is true of listening?a. Listening is a social cognitive process.b. Americans are, on the whole, very effective listeners.c. Listening is an active, not a passive, process.d. All of the above are true

Answer: b 3. The gap between Americans’ listening ability and their performance is due toa. the low value Americans place on listening.b. the fact that teachers often don’t challenge students to listen carefully.c. the fact that parents often discourage listening.d. All of the aboveAnswer: d 4. In order to improve attention it is a good idea to do all of the following EXCEPTa. have a clear purpose in mind when entering a listening situation.b. acknowledge how easy it is to become distracted.c. pay attention to how something is said as well as to what is said.d. avoid listening to content you know will bore or annoy you.Answer: d5. During the interpretive step in the listening process, people do all of the following EXCEPTa. give stimuli structure, stability, and meaning.b. use schemata to fill in missing details.c. rely on mental guidelines such as personal prototypes and scripts.d. see the world exactly as it is presented to them.Answer: d 6. When we recognize a moving object as a single entity rather than as a series of separate entities, we areimposinga. structureb. stabilityc. meaningd. a prototypeAnswer: b 7. When we translate the flickering lights and shadows we see in a TV shot as a recognizable object, weare imposinga. structure.b. stability.c. meaning.d. a prototype.Answer: a 8. A schema isa. a form of listening wherein people offer comfort and support to one another.b. a kind of bias found in the thought processes of lazy processors.c. an internal representation of an object, quality, or action.d. people with exceptionally accurate perceptual abilities.Answer: c 9. Person prototypes are:

a. the characteristics we habitually notice in others.b. representations of sequences of action.c. idealized representations of categories of people.d. people we ignore and treat as “nonpersons.”Answer: c 10. Sue has given campus tours to prospective students for so long that she knows exactly what to donext. Her knowledge of the sequence of actions involved in giving a tour is an example ofa. a person prototype.b. a personal construct.c. a script.d. None of the aboveAnswer: c 11. Sue has very strong ideas about what a professor should look like. She is surprised when she meetsDr. Smith, because Smith does not look like a professor should. Smith violates one of Sue’sa. person prototypesb. personal constructsc. scriptsd. None of the aboveAnswer: a 12. One of the characteristics that Sue always looks for in others is honesty. For Sue, honesty is anexample ofa. a person prototype.b. a personal construct.c. a script.d. cognitive complexity.Answer: b 13. Which of the following statements is true about chronically accessible constructs?a. Chronically accessible constructs are constructs that are seldom used and have only a minoreffect on the way we interpret what we hear.b. When we say that a personal construct is chronically accessible, we mean it is a construct aperson uses frequently to judge a wide range of people.c. Chronically accessible constructs seldom bias perception because they are within ourawareness and easy to monitor.d. Chronically accessible constructs are found in only about 10% of the population; they arevery rare.Answer: b 14. Mindless processing isa. inaccurate and faulty processing.b. information processing that relies heavily on familiar schemata.c. processing that focuses on unusual or novel events.d. careful, critical thinking.Answer: b

15. When we say a construct is primed, we mean thata. we associate the construct with past rewards.b. we associate the construct with past punishments.c. because the construct has been mentioned recently, we are sensitive to it.d. we learned the construct very early in life, often in the first 5 years, so it is important.Answer: c 16. A perception check isa. a method teachers use to reward good listeners in the classroom.b. any factor that gets in the way of good listening and decreases our ability to interpret correctly.c. a response that allows you to state your interpretation and ask your partner whether or not thatinterpretation is correct.d. a cognitive bias that makes us listen only to information we already agree with.Answer: c17. Which of the following is a description (rather than an inference or an evaluation)?a. When I asked Barry the question, he shifted his gaze and didn’t make eye contact.b. Barry is very annoying; you can’t have a decent conversation with him.c. Barry is lying to me.d. All of the aboveAnswer: a 18. Which of the following should be AVOIDED if you want to improve listening?a. Perception checksb. Paraphrasingc. Active listeningd. None of the aboveAnswer: d 19. Which of the following is true of memory?a. False memories are very rare; well-adjusted people do not have false memories.b. Memory can be affected by stress.c. Memory can be improved if retroactive inhibition occurs.d. All of the aboveAnswer: b 20. In order to make sure that audiences understand and accept their messages, it is a good idea forspeakers toa. add random bits of information in unexpected places within a message.b. use extreme vocal variety so that audiences have to readjust their listening as the message goeson.c. relate any new information to old information the audience already has.d. use challenging vocabulary that makes the speaker seem smarter than the audience.Answer: c 21. Which of the following kinds of information will be difficult to store and retrieve?a. Information that is tied to an external trigger.b. Information that the audience has actively rehearsed.c. Information that is related to the self-concept.

d. None of the aboveAnswer: d 22. When Della tutors Nathan, she makes sure to use analogies that relate new material to familiarmaterial that Nathan already understands. In doing so she isa. enhancing interpretation by increasing comprehension.b. increasing involuntary attention.c. offering an incentive to increase acceptance of message content.d. using repetition to increase retention.Answer: a 23. Scott wants to capture the attention of his audience. He shoulda. adapt the message to audience goals, needs, and plans.b. avoid intense or novel stimulic. make sure he uses abstract words.d. speak very slowly, in a monotone.Answer: a 24. Emily wants to persuade an audience to accept her proposal. To increase acceptance, she should do allof the following EXCEPTa. offer incentives for acceptance.b. encourage positive cognitive responses.c. challenge and criticize cherished beliefs the audience currently holds.d. provide interactive, hands-on experience.Answer: c 25. According to cognitive response theorya. receivers accept messages not because of what a speaker says but because of their ownresponses to the speaker.b. emotional material should be avoided during communication because it interferes withcomprehension.c. most people’s responses to messages are intuitive, based more on feeling than on thought.d. people cannot be taught listening skills.Answer: a 26. The method that most encourages cognitive responses isa. role-playing or use of an activity in which receivers take an active part.b. use of carefully organized lecture material.c. use of multiple channels to convey a single message.d. use of charts and statistics.Answer: a 27. Which is an example of triggering?a. You forgot to take your medicine until you hear someone mentioning taking vitamins; a triggeris a stimulus that helps you retrieve information.b. You hear news so shocking you completely forget your noon meeting; a trigger is surprising

information that blocks out memory.c. A friend criticizes you in public; a trigger is a harsh criticism.d. Your prejudice keeps you from processing information fairly; a trigger is a bias or prejudicethat keeps someone from being fair.Answer: a Chapter 4 Test Questions 1. Each of these are important characteristics of language EXCEPT:Correct Answer: It is not rule governed See page 72 2.When a subgroup speaks a language using a different vocabulary, grammar, or pronunciation from others who speak that language, this is known as: Correct Answer: dialects. See page 78 3. Individuals who change the meaning of a word for protection and concealment from outsiders are using Correct Answer: argot. See page 78 4.If you were to study the ways in which people use language forms to achieve goals in social contexts, you are using _________ ,Correct Answer: pragmatics. See page 79 5. All are components of the Coordinated Management of Meaning hierarchy EXCEPT: Your Answer: Experiences 6.According to the Coordinated Management of Meaning hierarchy, if your identity was based on class, national, religious, or ethnic membership then this would be part of your _____________. Correct Answer: cultural pattern. See page 83 7._____________ is the study of the rules that govern the combination of words into permissible strings. Correct Answer: Syntactics See page 79 8.The _____________ hypothesis states, "If we think and remember linguistically, then it stands to reason that the nature of our language affects the nature of our thought."Correct Answer: Sapir-Whorf See page 75 9.If you wanted to study the semantics of language and looked for the smallest unit of meaning in language, you would be identifying aCorrect Answer: morpheme. See page 80 10. In certain cultures, the speaker assumes that the listener doesn't know very much about the situation and must be told everything explicitly. This is an example of which kind of culture? Correct Answer: Low-context See page 96 1. Newspeak isa. a format journalists use in lead articles.b. jargon used by teenagers in the 1950s.c. a totalitarian language described by Orwell.

d. a term for 21st century linguistic changes predicted by futurists.Answer: c 2. Which of the following is a characteristic of language?a. rule-governedb. productivec. uses symbolsd. All of the above are characteristics of languageAnswer: d 3. A symbol differs from other kinds of signs in thata. it is arbitrary and conventional.b. it consists of a signified and a signifier whereas other signs do not.c. there is a natural connection between a symbol and its meaning.d. there is no difference between a symbol and other kinds of signs.symbol and sign are two different terms for the same idea.Answer: a 4. Which of the following statements best describes linguistic productivity?a. All of the words within a language mirror reality.b. People who speak different languages experience the world differently.c. Language develops through direct imitation of the sentences of others.d. Humans can process and generate entirely novel sentences.Answer: d 5. Linguistic relativity means thata. all of the words within a language mirror reality.b. people who speak different languages experience the world differently.c. language develops through direct imitation of the sentences of others.d. humans can process and generate entirely novel sentences.Answer: b 6. Which of the following statements describes the experiment used in the Carmichael study?a. Children were asked to spell words as rapidly as possible.b. Subjects who spoke different languages had to come up with strategies for communicatingwith one another.c. Pictures labeled with different words were flashed rapidly on a screen.d. Young children had to make up words for novel objects.Answer: c 7. According to linguistic determinisma. natural signs are more powerful than conventional signs.b. language determines thought.c. people who use correct grammar get better jobs and are perceived as more honest than thosewho make grammatical errors.d. the ability to understand and use language is innate.Answer: b

8. Which of the following is a conclusion from the Carmichael study?a. We seldom think in words; instead we think in imagesb. We store many visual memories in words.c. People are able to store more images than words.d. Memorized information is not affected by schematic default options.Answer: b 9. Who where Sapir and Whorf?a. Linguists who studied the relationship between thought and languageb. Two of the most important of the Port Royal Grammariansc. The developers of CMM theoryd. The developers of speech act theoryAnswer: a 10. __________ is a simple language deliberately invented so that people new to an area cancommunicate with those who live in that area isa. Dialectb. Pidginc. Lingua francad. ArgotAnswer: b 11. When criminals use secret words so that police can’t understand what they mean, they are usinga. a dialect.b. pidgin.c. lingua franca.d. argot.Answer: d 12. In English, “b” and “p” are separatea. morphemes.b. phonemes.c. syntactic structures.d. pragmatic rules.Answer: b 13. Which is NOT true of the word boys?a. It contains two morphemesb. It contains one bound and one unbound morphemec. It is made up of a single phonemed. All of the aboveAnswer: c 14. The kind of linguistic knowledge that allows us to interpret others’ communication intent and to makesocially acceptable language choices isa. semantic knowledge.b. pragmatic knowledge.

c. phonological knowledge.d. syntactic knowledge.Answer: b 15. __________ knowledge allows us to pronounce familiar words correctly and know how unfamiliarwords sound.a. Phonologicalb. Semanticc. Syntacticd. PragmaticAnswer: a 16. Which kind of linguistic knowledge allows us to recognize how the addition or subtraction of amorpheme can change meaning?a. phonological knowledgeb. semantic knowledgec. syntactic knowledged. pragmatic knowledgeAnswer: b 17. A speech act isa. the social intent of a speaker when he or she produces an utterance.b. a tendency to use language to put on an act by assuming inappropriate social roles.c. a random nonverbal behavior.d. a sequence of behaviors that fit together and that have a beginning, middle, and end.Answer: a 18. A __________ speech act commits a speaker to a future line of action.a. directiveb. commissivec. assertived. declarativeAnswer: b 19. The cooperative principle statesa. we should use polite forms with strangers.b. ambiguous communication carries no meaning.c. we must follow basic conversational maxims if conversation is to work.d. you can catch more flies with honey than you can with vinegar.Answer: c 20. CMM theory helps us understanda. how individuals use context to assign pragmatic meaning.b. how morphemes are learned and stored mentally.c. how men and women communicate differently.d. how ambiguity functions psychologically.Answer: a

21. Which of the following describes how classroom discourse differs from conversation?a. Topics are relatively impersonalb. It is nonreciprocal and less egalitarianc. It is publicly accessedd. All of the aboveAnswer: d 22. Dr. Smith’s letter of recommendation for Jane consists of one sentence: “Jane always came to class.”Dr. Smith has violated which conversational maxim?a. qualityb. quantityc. relevancyd. mannerAnswer: b 23. John never answers a question directly. Although he stays on topic, he hems and haws and is far fromclear. He violates which maxim?a. qualityb. quantityc. relevancyd. mannerAnswer: d 24. Which is true of gender and communication?a. Women talk more than men.b. Men talk more than women.c. In friendly, same-gender dyads, men talk more than women.d. In task-oriented cross-gender groups, men talk more than women.Answer: d 25. John and Sandra Condry asked people to interpret why a newborn was crying. Those who were toldthe baby was a girl assumed the baby wasa. complaining.b. afraid.c. angry.d. in pain.Answer: b 26. Which of the following describes the tendency to add fragments like “right?” or “ok?” at the end of asentence?a. tag questionb. qualifierc. disclaimerd. semantic overloadAnswer: a 27. The hall of mirrors effect refers to the idea that

a. over time, physical appearance becomes more and more important in determining status,eventually overpowering other status indicators such as use of prestige dialects.b. over time, modest claims about male/female differences become exaggerated, and hypothesesare assumed to be facts.c. in groups, less dominant members take on the language patterns of more dominant members.d. as relationships develop, members of couples tend to speak alike, copying each other’sphrasing and timing.Answer: b 28. Ling belongs to a __________ culture therefore, it is not necessary to spell out messages explicitlyand she seldom says things she believes listeners already know.a. directb. high-contextc. expressived. formalAnswer: b 29. In equivocal communicationa. messages can be interpreted in more than one way.b. men and women spend the same amount of time talking.c. verbal and nonverbal messages bear equal weight.d. meanings are clear and unambiguous.Answer: a 30. Empirical studies show that the use of verbal immediacya. increases ratings of a speaker’s competence.b. makes the speaker seem dissimilar to the audience.c. has no effect on perceptions of how relaxed the speaker is.d. All of the aboveAnswer: a 31. Which of the following actions is something most people do in conversational closings?a. signal the interaction is at an endb. reassure their conversational partners that the interaction has been successfulc. establish conditions for future interactiond. All of the above are used in conversational closingsAnswer: d Chapter 5 Test Questions Ch 5 Trenholm text1. Tommy went to the library to study. Before he sat down he spread out his materials which covered the entire table so that he was the only one that could sit at the table. Tommy used which nonverbal code to define his territory? Correct Answer: Proxemics See page 110

2. Rather than yelling across the room to her friend to come join her, Jill waived her friend over instead. Jill used which form of kinesics to invite her friend over? Your Answer: Emblem3. Tapping one's watch to let the other know you have to leave is an example of Correct Answer: regulating. See page 1134. You feel that your friend does not respect you because they are always late when you make plans. This is an example of which nonverbal code? Correct Answer: Chronemics See page 1225. Which territory is the most private of all our territories? Correct Answer: Body See page 1256. Most business relationships fall into which type of interaction zone? Correct Answer: Social See page 1297. Which body type is describe as energetic, enthusiastic, competitive, reckless, and optimistic? Correct Answer: Mesomorph See page 1318. Objects we own and display that communicates meaning are known as Correct Answer: artifacts. See page 1339. All of the following are suggested as ways to improve your nonverbal skills EXCEPT: Your Answer: Trust you first interpretation of the nonverbal being sent.10. In American culture, men follow a ___________________ that tells them not to show fear in public. Correct Answer: cultural display rule See page 1191. According to your book, nonverbal communication is made up ofa. all human behavior.b. behavior other than words that is intended to convey a message.c. any instance in which a stimulus other than words creates meaning ineither a sender’s or a receiver’s mind.d. None of the aboveAnswer: c 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about nonverbal communication?a. It may be unintentionalb. It consists of multiple codesc. Is immediate, continuous, and naturald. It consists of arbitrary and conventional signsAnswer: d 3. Which of the following would NOT be considered nonverbal communication according to your text?a. Alone in his room, late at night, John sighs.b. As John sighs, his roommate watches and wonders why John in unhappy.c. John gives an exaggerated sigh to let his roommate know that the radio is on too loud.d. None of the aboveAnswer: a 4. One way to increase the accuracy of our interpretation of another’s nonverbal messages is to compareour interpretations to baseline behaviors. This means we shoulda. ask other people what they mean by their nonverbal behaviors.b. observe how the other person normally behaves and compare those behaviors with thebehaviors we are trying to understand.

c. look at the context to see if the surrounding environment will give clues as to the meaning ofthe behavior.d. assume what the other means is what you would mean if you were in that situation.Answer: b 5. Which of the following statements is TRUE about nonverbal communication?a. Every nonverbal act is an intentional message; our job is to figure out its true meaning.b. Nonverbal messages can easily undermine and contradict what we really want to convey.c. Nonverbal communication is much easier to interpret than verbal communication.d. All of the aboveAnswer: b 6. Mehrabian argues that __________ are relational messages exchanged in every interaction.a. liking, status, and responsivenessb. repetition, substitution, complementationc. emblems, affect displays, regulatorsd. cultural, professional, and personal display rulesAnswer: a 7. Nonverbal communication is more useful than verbal communication in conveying which of thefollowing kinds of information?a. initial impressionsb. relational informationc. emotional expressiond. All of the aboveAnswer: d 8. The kinesic code is made up ofa. eye behavior.b. gesture and body movement.c. the use of space.d. the use of time.Answer: b 9. Nonverbal accenting occurs whena. the nonverbal message undermines the verbal message.b. the nonverbal message is used instead of a verbal message.c. the nonverbal message modifies the verbal message.d. nonverbal cues emphasize part of the verbal message.Answer: d 10. When the boss gets to the most important part of his instructions, his voice gets stronger and he staresdirectly at his employees. This is an example ofa. substituting.b. complementing.c. accenting.

d. regulating.Answer: c 11. Affect displaysa. regulate turn-taking.b. describe the size or shape of objects.c. show emotions.d. All of the aboveAnswer: c 12. In North America, an example of a ____________ is men should not show fear in public.a. cultural display ruleb. personal display rulec. proxemic ruled. chronemic ruleAnswer: a 13. __________ is the study of time.a. Kinesicsb. Proxemicsc. Chronemicsd. ParalanguageAnswer: c 14. The study of space and territory is calleda. kinesics.b. proxemics.c. chronemics.d. paralanguage.Answer: b 15. Which of the following kinds of cues would be classed as paralanguage?a. Use of ums and ahs to fill pauses.b. Standing close or far from another person.c. Use of gesture and body movement.d. None of the aboveAnswer: a 16. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the use of a vocalization?a. Ted has a deep resonant voice that makes people look up to him.b. During class, Jill and Danny giggle and yawn to annoy their teacher.c. Keith hems and haws when he feels anxious.d. Gus uses obscene language when he’s angry.Answer: b 17. The three aspects of chronemics discussed in your book were

a. psychological, biological, and cultural time orientations.b. personal space, territoriality, and touch.c. endomorph, ectomorph, and mesomorph.d. adaptors, affect displays, and regulators.Answer: a 18. When Gonzalez and Zimbardo studied time, they found thata. future-orientations occurred so infrequently they had to be dropped from the study.b. most people focused on the past.c. time orientation and employment choice may be related.d. All of the aboveAnswer: c 19. A child’s secret clubhouse, which maybe accessed only to friends is an example of __________territory.a. public b. home c. interaction d. bodyAnswer: b 20. Writing graffiti on the walls is an example of which kind of territorial encroachment?a. contaminationb. violationc. invasiond. None of the aboveAnswer: a 21. In a classroom the action zone isa. the space behind the teacher’s desk where he or she is free to walk and write on the board.b. the space immediately outside the classroom door through which people must pass to enter theroom.c. a triangle the base of which includes students in the front row and the apex of which pointstoward the back of the classroom.d. the row of seats furthest away from the teacher.Answer: c 22. A person who is classified as a(n) ___________ has a muscular and athletic body type.a. endomorphb. mesomorphc. somatyped. ectomorphAnswer: b 23. Which is NOT true of how design elements in the built environment affect us?a. Large furniture often indicates power.b. Cool colors are stimulating and exciting.c. Smooth, soft surfaces are relaxing.d. All of the aboveAnswer: b

24. Which of the following is NOT one of the three major functions of dress?a. deintensificationb. comfort-protectionc. modestyd. cultural displayAnswer: a Chapter 6 Test Questions Ch 6 Trenholm text Questions Informal modes of greetings used by college students is an example of Correct Answer: sociological-level rules. See page 1422. Your partner continuously is looking for ways to get you to share personal thoughts and ideas. You would rather keep certain things inside and not discuss them. This is an example of which interpersonal tension? Correct Answer: expressive-protective See page 1453. Without planning, you tell your partner that the two of you are going to a four star restaurant. The both of you have never been to a four star restaurant before but look forward to the change. This is an example of which interpersonal tension? Correct Answer: novelty-predictability See page 1464. Which type of role relation is usually followed by parents and children? Correct Answer: complementary pattern See page 1485. When speaking with your friend they briefly responds to you and then changes the topic to focus on them. This is an example of which disconfirming response? Correct Answer: tangential See page 1496. In the ___________ stage, a couples' unity is often reinforced by friends or acquaintances. Correct Answer: integrating See page 1537. Instead of using "we" and "us" in a relationship, you begin using "you" and "me," "yours" and "mine" is an example of which relational stage? Correct Answer: differentiating See page 1558. All are phases in Steve Duck's Relational Dissolution Model EXCEPT: Your Answer: psychic phase9. Physical proximity is a characteristic of which filter identified by Duck to regulate interaction? Correct Answer: sociological See page 15810. According to your textbook, which culture takes a conservative approach to self-disclosure? Correct Answer: Asians See page 166 1. Which of the following statements is true of interpersonal communication?a. It is more immediate than other forms of communication and the quality of feedback is high.b. It is the least spontaneous of all forms of communication.c. It is usually carefully preplanned.d. All of the aboveAnswer: a 2. When Howard meets his fellow lodge members by using the lodge’s secret handshake, he is followingwhich kind of rules?

a. cultural level.b. sociological levelc. psychological level.d. universal level.Answer: b 3. The looking glass self isa. the self we see when we look in a mirror.b. a “phony” self we use to mask the true self.c. the self we infer from the appraisals of others.d. the self described in the developmental view.Answer: c 4. The dialectic that focuses on how members of dyads adapt to change is the ___________ dialectic.a. novelty-predictabilityb. autonomy-togethernessc. expressive-protectived. dominance-submissiveAnswer: a 5. John threatens Mary’s __________ when he criticizes or disagrees with her.a. autonomyb. expressivenessc. negative faced. positive faceAnswer: d 6. When Perfecto suggests going to the shore and Isabelle counters by suggesting they go to Vegas fortheir vacation, their interaction pattern showsa. complementarity.b. competitive symmetry.c. submissive symmetry.d. confirmation.Answer: b 7. Which of the following behaviors is dysfunctional?a. use of a paradoxb. use of confirmationsc. use of a progressive spirald. All of the aboveAnswer: a 8. Barb does a terrible job on her public speech. Helga says to her in a very sarcastic tone, “I’m glad I hadthe opportunity to use up five precious minutes of my life listening to that.” Helga is using whichresponse?a. confirmingb. tangential

c. impersonald. incongruousAnswer: d 9. Abida tells Dana how bad she feels. Dana says, “Too bad. You know I gave a speech on how to waxyour skis.” Dana is using which response?a. confirmingb. tangentialc. impersonald. incongruousAnswer: b 10. When a receiver in a close relationship is simultaneously given two messages but is prohibited fromresolving them, it is calleda. a progressive spiral.b. a regressive spiral.c. a double bind.d. an irrelevant response.Answer: c 11. When in the __________ stage, a couple shares attitudes and interests, synchronizes body rhythms,and exchanges intimacy trophies.a. intensifyingb. integratingc. bondingd. circumscribingAnswer: b 12. Gloretha wants to know if he boyfriend really cares, so she uses the __________ test, asking him todo a lot of things that he doesn’t like, including going to the mall and spending half the day shopping.a. indirect suggestionsb. separationc. enduranced. triangleAnswer: c 13. Linda’s not sure if Chris cares, so she goes out with Pat to see if it bothers Chris. Linda is using whichtest?a. Indirect suggestions.b. Separation.c. Endurance.d. Triangle.Answer: d 14. A statement like “let’s skip it,” or “I’d rather not discuss that” shows that a couple may be headinginto which stage?a. Intensifying stageb. Integrating stage

c. Bonding staged. Circumscribing stageAnswer: d 15. In which stage does a couple first begin to note and comment on previously overlooked differences?a. Circumscribing stageb. Avoiding stagec. Stagnating staged. Differentiating stageAnswer: d 16. Which stage is characterized by infrequent communication that is stylized, rigid, and awkward?a. Circumscribing stageb. Avoiding stagec. Stagnating staged. Differentiating stageAnswer: c 17. Which of the following actions does the terminating stage NOT announce?a. an upcoming separationb. a summary what has occurred during interactionc. a reaffirmation of relational goalsd. a determination of the future of the relationshipAnswer: c 18. According to filtering theory, when we decide to eliminate people because they use inappropriateturn-taking cues, or use unpleasant facial expressions and eye contact, which kind of filter are weusing?a. Interactional cuesb. Sociological cuesc. Cognitive cuesd. Pre-interactional cuesAnswer: a 19. According to filtering theory, which is the first filter we use?a. Interactional cuesb. Sociological cuesc. Cognitive cuesd. Pre-interactional cuesAnswer: b 20. Ellen doesn’t find Anna attractive because she and Anna have very different values. Ellen is usingwhich filter to eliminate Anna?a. Sociologicalb. Pre-interactionc. Interactiond. CognitiveAnswer: d

21. The voluntary revealing of information that would normally be unobtainable is called a. socialcomparison.b. autonomy-togetherness.c. disconfirmation.d. self-disclosure.Answer: d 22. A friend comes to you and says, “I’m really unhappy in college. I don’t feel I fit in, and I’m not surewhy I’m here.” Which of the following responses is a true questioning and probing response?a. How long have you felt this way?b. Have you tried going to a counselor?c. Have you considered the fact that you may feel insecure about your identity?d. So you’re having doubts about college?Answer: a 23. Which of the following responses is a disguised advising and evaluating response?a. How long have you felt this way?b. Have you tried going to a counselor?c. Have you considered the fact that you may feel insecure about your identity?d. So you’re having doubts about college?Answer: b 24. Which of the following feedback statements is the most effective way to communicate your feelings?a. “I’m angry because you borrowed my computer without asking and left it on.”b. “I hate to bring this up and maybe it’s my fault for not being clear, but could you be morecareful about using my computer?”c. “You simply have no regard for others’ property; you’re spoiled.”d. “Your behavior is very passive-aggressive; you’ve taken out your hostility on me, eventhough I’m not the one you’re really angry at.”Answer: a 25. Which is the best way to solve a problem that arises in an important, long-term relationship? a.compromiseb. accommodationc. forcingd. problem-solvingAnswer: d 26. Which of the following is NOT one of the things online impressions are based on?a. Nonverbal Cuesb. Language usec. Personal Markersd. Paralinguistic CuesAnswer: a 27. Which of the following is NOT one of the questions in the public scrutiny test?

a. Am I personally proud of this action?b. Am I comfortable with this decision?c. Would I feel embarrassed if this decision were known to others?d. Would I stand to lose money or position if I did this?Answer: d