ZigBee Wireless Mesh Networking.

Basic Concepts and Latest Developments

Dave Blissett – Marketing ManagerTelegesis (UK) Ltd.

Agenda & the Aim of this Presentation

• Agenda– Basic ZigBee concepts– What’s in a ZigBee

node?– ZigBee Profiles– How to add ZigBee to

your designs– ZigBee in the Future

• Aims of this Presentation– To give you an basic

understanding of ZigBee– Introduce Mesh networking

concepts– What you need to consider

when adding ZigBee – Understand if ZigBee is

suitable for your next design– How you can include ZigBee

in your next design. – Show you where ZigBee is

headed

ZigBee – Key facts• A high level communication protocol using small,

low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for wireless networks

• Up to 65,536 (client) nodes per network• 16 channels in the global 2.4 GHz band• Full Mesh Networking Support• 128bit AES security• Easy deployment

• Reliable - self forming & self healing• Very long battery life (no new wires)

• Secure (128 bit encryption)• Low cost

Where does ZigBee fit?S

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TEXT INTERNET/AUDIO COMPRESSEDVIDEO

MULTI-CHANNELDIGITAL VIDEO

Bluetooth1

Bluetooth 2

ZigBee

802.11b

802.11a/HL2 & 802.11g

802.15.3/WIMEDIARange over 1.5Km with PA module

ZigBee compared with other Wireless Standards

ZigBee – The Technology

Market Name Wi-Fi™ Bluetooth™ ZigBee™Underlying Standard 802.11b 802.15.1 802.15.4

Application Focus Web, Email, Video Cable Replacement Monitoring & ControlBattery Life (days) 0.5 - 5 1 - 7 100 - 1,000+

Network Size 32 7 100s to 1000sBandwidth (K bits/s) 11,000+ 720 20 - 250

Range (meters) 1 - 30+ 1 - 10+ 1 - 1000+Network Architecture Star Star Mesh

Optimized For SpeedLow Cost,

ConvenienceReliability, Low Power, Low Cost, Scalability

Star vs Meshing

Wi-Fi,Bluetooth,GSM ZigBee

ZigBee Mesh Network - 1

Co-ordinator /FFD

Routers/FFDs

Sleepy End Device/RFD Under ZigBee PRO the co-ordinator establishes a PAN ID and nodes within range effect joining

ZigBee Network Establishment

As routers join a ZigBee PRO network they mesh with each other

Co-ordinator /FFD

Routers/FFDs

Sleepy End Device/RFD

ZigBee PRO Network 3

End devices do not have routing responsibilities in networks – being asleep most of the time

Co-ordinator /FFD

Routers/FFDs

Sleepy End Device/RFD

ZigBee Network 4

The resulting network is very robust and reliable

Co-ordinator /FFD

Routers/FFDs

Sleepy End Device/RFD

ZigBee Network 5

Assume a routing node is damaged or lost from the network

Co-ordinator /FFD

Routers/FFDs

Sleepy End Device/RFD

ZigBee Network Healing 6

The loss of a node is not catastrophic in most ZigBee PRO networks and may not adversely affect the network at all

Co-ordinator /FFD

Routers/FFDs

Sleepy End Device/RFD

ZigBee PRO Network 7

Nodes will seek alternative data paths back to the co-ordinator. This process is continuous with ZigBee PRO allowing for a changing radio environment within a network

Co-ordinator /FFD

Routers/FFDs

Sleepy End Device/RFD

Typical ZigBee PRO network

Mesh Link

Star Link

Co-ordinator /FFD

Router/FFD

Sleepy End Device/RFD

Mixed Star and Mesh topologies

End devices, typically battery powered

Routers, typically mains powered

Co-ordinator

What's in a ZigBee Node?• Ember EM357 SOC• 32 bit ARM Cortex M3

(@1.2V)

• 192k of Flash, 12k of RAM• 109dB link Budget 123dB with

PA• Peripherals (ADC, timers etc.)• Chip Antenna and U.FL

coaxial Connector• AT command set & all SE

profiles

• FCC Approval, tested for European Regulations

• Canada, South Africa and Australia to follow

EM3x0 Silicon

EmberZNet ProSoftware

InSightD

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Telegesis AT command set

EM3x0 Silicon

EmberZNet ProSoftware

InSightD

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Telegesis AT command set

ZigBee ProIn October 2007 the ZigBee Alliance announced an ex panded set of features

• ‘PRO’ Implements support for larger networks

• Multiple methods to simplify routing– ZigBee 2006 uses a tree structure which can

lead to address table churning

– Stochastic addressing simplifies network formation

• Asymmetric link handling detects asymmetric links and then optimising path selection

• Many to one Routing provides a single route of discovery to an aggregation point

– Keeps table size small and minimizes route broadcast giving more bandwidth for data

• Security upgraded with trust centres

• Frequency Agility.

• Telegesis were first module OEM to offer PRO

• Highly recommended for new designs.

ZigBee Profiles.� Application Profiles

� Unify data exchange on application level.

� Assigned to specific application area

� Agreements on device types, messaging formats, actions and functions to be used in application.

� Public profiles are specified by ZigBee Alliance in order to provide interoperability between devices from different manufacturers.

� Private profiles are designed by vendors and used for custom applications

• Ensures Network interoperability but does not imply application layer interoperability

• Products with the same application profiles interoperate end to end

Why Do We Need Profiles?

• Need a common language for exchanging data• Need a well defined set of processing actions• Device interoperability across different manufacturers• Simplicity and reliability for the end users• Consumer flexibility for products• Allows solid conformance test programmes to be created• Realistic application specifications developed through

OEM experience

ZigBee Smart Energy

• Supported features• Electric, Gas, Water, & thermal meters

• Device support for – Programmable Communicating Tstats

– In Home Displays

– Load Control Devices

– Energy services Portal

– Meter

– Range extender

• Basic metering measurements, historical info, etc

– Historical info (today, etc.)

• Security to allow consumer only,

• utility only, or shared networks

• Battery or mains powered

• Multiple measurement types

– including load profile, power factor summation, demand, and tiers

Two-way communications of metering data and energy management.Goes beyond automated meter reading to demand-response systems for real time

pricing and voluntary load shedding

Utility AMINetwork

Utility AMINetwork

ZigBeeHAN

Energy ServicesPortal

(Electric Meter or Gateway)

HVACSystem Load Control

Device

ProgrammableCommunicatingThermostat (PCT)

In-HomeDisplay

ZigBee AMI in Europe .

• The city of Gothenburg has the world’s largest ZigBee network deploying (AMM) System for 270,000 homes.

• 255,000 Meters (Electrical) out of 260,000 installed

• App. 8000 Concentrators– App. 7000… 17 repeaters actually used

• 9 jumps identified, can do 18, have set limit to 10

• Infrastructure built to handle 1.1 million meters

• 3000 GPRS meters• Remote disconnect in use

• New Services (among others)– Security Alarm– ZigBee locks– Control of street lamps

ZigBee Health CareJune 2009 – Continua adopts ZigBee

• “Continua's selection of ZigBee HealthCare follows a rigorous technical review and seeing first hand the ability of ZigBee Health Care to meet the requirements set forth by the Continua Health Alliance"

– Rick Cnossen, Continua Health Alliance president and CEO

• Three main opportunities– Independence for the Physically

Challenged and Aging

– Chronic Disease Management

– Health and Wellness

• Full support for IEEE 11073 device specialization profiles

– Glucose meter, Pulse oximeter, Electrocardiograph, weight scale, Thermometer, Blood Pressure monitor, respirometer

• Non-medical devices

– including social alarm device, personal activity monitor, pill minder, independent living activity hub, fitness equipment

• In home data management using low cost devices such as bedside/desktop health displays. Display on TV via RF4CE

How to add ZigBee to your design

• ZigBee can easily be added by using a ZigBee Module

• Get your wireless solutions to market faster

• Build wireless capability in without specialist RF and embedded code skills

• Reduce engineering and design time

• Reduce design risks and focus on your core strengths.

• 32 bit ARM Cortex M3

• 192k of Flash, 12k of RAM

• 109dB link Budget

• 19 mm x 25 mm x 3 mm

• Chip Antenna & U.FL coax

connector options

• FCC Approval, tested for European

Regulations

Telegesis ETRX evolution• ETRX1

EM2420 +Atmel ATMega 128L

• Original design – first UK ZigBee module and one of only five in the world . Introduced 2006

• 37.75mm x 20.5mm

• ETRX2Ember EM250 solution

• 128k flash, 5kbytes SRAM – XAP16b Micro

• 37.75mm x 20.5mm

• ~35mA TX/RX

• >1uA in deep sleep mode with self wake

• ETRX3EM350 based

• 32 bit ARM Cortex M3 (@1.2V)

• Up to 192k flash + 12k RAM

• 19mm x 25mm

• ~ 20mA TX/RX

• 800nA or 400nA deep sleep

Past

Present

Future

ZigBee Standards- Looking Forward

Why a ZigBee IP stack?

• The US Congress suggested it in relation to Stimulus Funding access and utilities are now requiring it as part of their future networks.

• What will most likely be in it?• MAC – 15.4 2006 with MAC security• 6lowPAN packet format and fragmentation• ROLL routing• Plus other features essential to effective sensor

networks

ZigBee in Summary• Standard protocol developed and supported by over 300

companies (today)around the world• ZigBee meets key market needs

– No new wires– Easy to install and maintain

• mesh, self organizing, self healing

– Reliable • multiple channels, demonstrated interference tolerance

– Secure (AES 128)– Ability to scale to many hundreds of nodes– Long battery life (years on a AA)

Talk to us about ZigBee

• Texim HollandMels LiefaardFAE Communication ProductsTexim Europe B.V.Elektrostraat 17NL - 7483 PG HAAKSBERGENPhone +31 53 57 33 238 Mobile +31 6 22 30 7669mels.liefaard@texim-europe.comwww.texim-europe.com

• Telegesis UKDave BlissettAbbey Barn Business Centre Abbey Barn LaneHigh WycombeBucks HP10 9QQPhone +44 (0) 1494 510199Mobile: +44 (0)7919 554411Dave.Blissett@telegesis.comskype: d.blissett

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