www.soran.edu.iq ecology m. saadatian an introduction to ecology 1
TRANSCRIPT
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• Ecology – study of interactions between organisms and environment.
• Consists of abiotic (nonliving; i.e. temperature, light, etc) and biotic (living) factors.
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• Population – group of individuals of same species living in an area.
• Community – all organisms of all species that live in an area.
• Ecosystem – above plus abiotic factors.
• Biosphere – sum of all ecosystems.
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POPULATION
a group of organisms of one species living in the same place at the same time that interbreed
Produce fertile offspring
Compete with each other for resources (food, mates, shelter, etc.)
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Community - several interacting populations that inhabit a common environment and are interdependent.
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Ecosystem - populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact (ex. marine, terrestrial)
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Biosphere - life supporting portions of Earth composed of air, land, fresh water, and salt water.
•The highest level of organization
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• Distribution affected by temperature, water, sunlight, wind, and rocks and soil.
• Type of each will determine what can live there.
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Ecology= Organism Environment
Parts of ecology:1. Plant ecology: study of interaction between plants
and environment 2. Animal ecology: study of interaction between animals
and environment3. human ecology: study of interaction between human
and environmentsStudy of number organism:4. Autecology: individual ecology5. synecology: community ecology
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Ecosystem
All of organism with environments that interaction together
Type of ecosystem:1. Open: attend to stabilize and balance2. Close: use in labs
A
B C output
input
Open system
A
B C
close system
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Parts of ecosystems
Ecosystem:
1. Abiotic (soil,water,air…)
2. Biotic (biocenose)
Biotic Autotroph Hetrotroph micro consumer macro consumer
Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores
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Classification of ecosystems by ambit
1. Micro-ecosystem (aquarium)
2. Meso-ecosystem (jungle)
3. Macro-ecosystem (ocean or sea)