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Writing Decay Equations 19.1

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Page 1: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Writing Decay Equations19.1

Page 2: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Radioactivity

• Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability– Spontaneous process– Where unstable isotopes of one element

transform into stable isotopes of another element

Particles produced determine type of decay

Page 3: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

A Review From Friday

•Which of the following represents alpha, beta and gamma decay?

He42 0

0e01alpha gamm

abeta

Page 4: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Types of Radiation

How do we know what the charge is of each type of radiation?

Page 5: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Steps for Writing Nuclear Equations

•Example: produces a β particle–Write what you know:

–Solve for the missing piece!!

–BIG HINT!!!•The total mass and total atomic number have to be the SAME on BOTH sides of the equation!!!

Bi21483

____01

21483 eBi

Page 6: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Writing Nuclear Equations

• Example: Breakdown of radium by alpha decay

• Try to write the equation for the alpha decay of thorium-230.

RnHeRa 21886

42

22288

RaHeTh 22688

42

23090

Page 7: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Writing Nuclear Equations

• Try to write the equation for the beta decay of Ac-227.

• Write the equation for the alpha decay of U-238 in which a gamma ray is produced

TheAc 22790

01

22789

00

23490

42

23892 ThHeU

Page 8: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Writing Nuclear Equations

• Write the decay equation for Na-22 by positron emission

• Try to write the equation for the positron decay of K-38.

NeeNa 2210

01

2211

AreK 3818

01

3819

Page 9: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Writing Nuclear Equations

• Write the decay equation of mercury-201 through electron capture

• Write an equation for the electron capture by Ni-59.

00

20179

01

20180 AueHg

Co Ni 5927

01-

5928 e

Page 10: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Solving Nuclear Equations

•For each of the following, supply the missing particle:

____

____3818

3819

19578

19579

ArK

PtAu

Page 11: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

X-rays are not NUCLEAR radiation

• X-rays– Behave the same as

gamma rays• Difference not

given off in radioactive decay

– Lower energy electromagnetic rays

– Occur when inner e- are kicked our and outer e- drop down to fill the vacancy

Page 12: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Before the lab activity

• We will be looking at amount of radiation in this class lab.

• How do we detect radiation?

Page 13: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Measuring Decay: Geiger Counter

• High-energy particles from radioactive decay produce ions when they travel through matter

• The probe of the Geiger counter contains argon gas that have no charge but can be ionized by the rapidly moving particle

• Momentarily allows a “pulse” of current to flow

• Counts the pulse events and records

Page 14: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Figure 19.2: A representation of a Geiger-Müller counter.

Page 15: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Measuring Decay

• Scintillation Counter– Uses substances that give off light when

struck by high-energy particles– Detector counts the flashes of light to

determine number of decay events

Page 16: Writing Decay Equations 19.1. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the loss of energy to achieve stability –Spontaneous process –Where unstable isotopes

Penetrating power of radioactive emissions.

Penetrating power is inversely related to the mass and charge of the emission.

AKA: Bigger the particle, the easier it is blocked

Big particle small particle


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