world war i (1914-1918) and the world war i era (1914-1920)
TRANSCRIPT
World War I (1914-1918)and the World War I era
(1914-1920)
Take notes on your WW1 notetaker.
“M.A.I.N. Causes of WW1”
M:
A:
I:
N:
Section One: The Road to War 1. List the causes of World War I
The M.A.I.N. causes of WW1 Militarism: Building up a nations military
Alliances: Creating agreements to support other nations in war or economic trade. This creates alliances among countries.
Imperialism— to conquer a country or territory through military violence or negotiation; competition over territory
Nationalism: Having a deep pride or love of ones nation. Extreme Nationalism is when you think your country is better than all other countries, usually leads to violence.
.
Archduke Ferdinand, just before the assassination
The assassinationof Ferdinand and his wife, by a Serbian Nationalist ignited the war between European nations on
June 28,1914.
2. Describe trench warfare. 3. Discuss the role that technology played in World War I.
Trench warfare: term given to the battles fought on the Western Front (France) and on the Eastern Front (Germany).
In France, for example, the soldiers were caught in a stalemate—means no side is winning. They dug ditches or trenches very deep to camp in. (some trenches were as close as 50 feet from the enemy).
These trenches (on the German side also) became areas of misery and disease. (blown off body parts, rats, and development of trench foot—soldier’s foot became infected and rotted).
Technology: for the first time, new military technology was tested out: machine guns, gas such as mustard gas, airplanes, and submarines. Many of these the Germans helped to pioneer first!
Trench Foot: Caused by wet feet received in trench warfare during WW1
These new- technology “death machines” accounted for 90 of every 100 battle deaths.
Lewis Machine Gun
Hand grenades.
“Little Willie”…the first British tank.
German Tank
Interior of typical tank
Railroad guns
The shells were larger than a man.
The
Air
War.
German Zeppelin L 13 in 1916
“Duck Boards” were intended to keep your feet out of the water. Trench foot was a common problem soldiers on all sides of the European Theatre had to deal with on a regular basis.
Sometimes men drowned in the mud...shells would uncover the bodies...and the rats would eat the eyes and livers of the dead.
These muddy conditions caused Trench foot. The moisture also affected Mustard Gas wounds, causing the wounds to suppurate with pus.
Swallowed by the mud.
Trench Foot
Waiting for the next charge across no-man’s land...into the fray.
Body louse. Almost as bad as the rats, infested the men in the trenches.
Apricot and peach pits, charcoaled and pulverized were used in gas mask filters.
Gas attacks could stretch for miles across the land, affecting entire troops.
Soldiers without gas masks would soak a cloth with their own urine and clasp it over their nose and mouth...
Mustard gas is a blistering agent, when the gas mixes with moisture, the skin absorbs the gas molecules and the damage is done.
4. Which countries allied with each other during World War I?
Triple Alliance (known later as The Central Powers)
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy (they later switch sides!) Russia eventually joins the
Triple Alliance, December 2, 1917
(other countries were involved such as the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria)
more than 100 countries either affected or directly contributed soldiers to WWI
Triple Entente (known later as the Allies)
France, Britain The U.S. (1917) Russia (later dropped out because
of internal socialist revolution, end of Romanov dynasty)
Italy declared neutrality and secretly joined the Allies 1915
(other countries were involved in Australia and countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America)
more than 100 countries either affected or directly contributed soldiers to WWI
Section Two: The United States Declares War 1. Why did the U.S. enter World War I in 1917?
German submarine warfare (U-boats). Sinking of the Lusitania ship in 1915 by Germany, killed innocent civilians. Germany broke the Sussex Plan—a promise in which Germany was supposed to warn British ships before sinking them.
The Zimmerman telegram/note-1916. Germany tried to convince Mexico to ally with them, and in return, Mexico would gain back land lost to America.
Section Three: Americans Training for War and Fighting in Europe
1. How did Americans prepare for war (get mobilized)?
President Woodrow Wilson and Congress passed the Selective Service Act –the draft which forced 3 million men into the war.
Others volunteered (American Expeditionary Force-AEF) nicknamed “doughboys”, thinking this would be “the war to end all wars.” African American fighters were segregated from white units and at times not allowing them to hold combat jobs.
The “Harlem Hell Fighters” were African American fighters who were integrated into the French army and received the highest medal of bravery.)
2. List of big events during the war
Russia leaves the Allied powers (Triple Entente) and joins the Central powers (Triple Alliance) which gives Germany more land!
American soldiers helped turn the war by helping France and Britain push Germans back out of France. Germany surrendered and signed an armistice in November, 11, 1918.
The Ottomans (a Muslim empire fighting with Central Powers) committed genocide when killing millions of Armenians.
An influenza epidemic (a deadly form of the flu) killed more American soldiers than the war! More Europeans casualties than American.
Women helped by serving in military as nurses, farmers, munitions builders, organizing a multitude of support efforts.
The “Harlem Hellfighters” return home.
German envoys sign the armistice. This meant Germany signed a treaty to end the war. No more fighting in
European nations.
You know Armistice Day as Veterans Day.
Section Five: Global Peace?1. Discuss what President Wilson wanted in
his “Fourteen Points.”
Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” included goals such as: no more secret treaties removal of international trade
barriers reduction of military self-determination for Austria-
Hungary’s ethnic groups to make own decisions.
2. Who were the “Big Four” that met in France to write the Treaty of Versailles?
3. How was President Wilson forced to compromise his “Fourteen Points?”—only
small portion of his goals were included in Treaty of Versailles 4. Wilson’s new League of Nations was rejected by his own Congress.(they feared it would get us too involved and
lead to another war)
4. What impact/effect would the Treaty of Versailles have on the world?
“The War To End All Wars...
Did this war really end all
wars?
ACTIVITY!
Design a picture story book in your own words and pictures.
You must have 5 pages with titles and at least one picture on each page: o The Cause of World War I (all 5 causes)(sec.1)o Why the U.S. entered the war (all 3 reasons) (sec. 2)o Preparing for the war and Fighting (sec 2 and 3)–draft,
volunteers, hardships, trenches, deaths (at least 3 facts)o The impact back at home in America—(sec. 4)war efforts,
new government roles/fundraising.(at least 3 facts)o The end of the War (sec. 5)(Fourteen Points, League of
Nations, Treaty of Versailles)( at least 3 facts)