WINDOWS NETWORKING

KRISTEN WILLIAMS

MOSES IKE

OBJECTIVES• Introduction to Networking – OSI Reference Model

• Connecting Network Devices - NICs

• Installing and Configuring NICs, Wireless NICs

• IP Addresses – Intro and Configuration

• Network Commands – Testing/Tracing Connections

• Using network monitoring tools – Wireshark, Netstat, etc.

• Default Windows Network Profiles (Home, Work and Public)

• DNS – Domain Name System

• Security- Windows Firewall: Intro and Configuration

WHAT IS NETWORKING ?

Networking is the way we connect devices/computers and make them talk to each other.

OSI REFERENCE MODEL

A model that describes the communication functions of the different layers in a network device

CONNECTING NETWORK DEVICES

• NICs are hardware components used to connect computers or other devices to the network. NICs are Layer 2 devices.

• The provide physical connections identified by MAC address on a network

Network Interface CardOr Network Adapter

CONNECTING NETWORK DEVICES

• Like all network devices, NICs are also found in IP cameras, Printers, Scanners, Smart TV, Xbox

• Need Drivers to communicate with the Operation System.

Network Interface CardOr Network Adapter

INSTALLING A NETWORK ADAPTER

• Read the vendor’s instructions

• Plug N Play NICs (PnP) should work without much hassle

• If not PnP, you need to install the driver that came with it

• The operating system should detect the new piece of hardware and start a wizard that leads you through the process of loading the adapter’s driver

• Sometimes you have to restart, Sometimes you don’t

CONFIGURING A NETWORK ADAPTERAfter you have installed the network adapter, you may view and configure it Windows Device Manager.

Control Panel -> System And Security -> System -> Device Manager

NETWORK ADAPTER PROPERTIES• Accessing the network adapter properties allows you to view and

change configuration or manage the parameters of the adapter.

• The available tabs depend on the hardware manufacturer

WIRELESS NICS

• Wireless technology has matured to the point of becoming cost-effective and secure. The use of wireless network adapters is increasingly popular, scaling well out of the home and into the workplace. Windows 7 supports wireless auto configuration, which makes wireless network connections easy to use.

• Windows 7 will automatically discover the wireless networks available and connect your machine to the preferred network. Although this connection is convenient, you must still take certain considerations into account, such as security

TROUBLESHOOTING A NETWORK ADAPTER

• Network Adapter not on the HCL (Hardware Compatibility List)

• Outdated Driver

• Network Adapter Not Recognized by Windows 7

• Improperly Configured Network Card

• Cabling Problem

IP ADDRESSES

Logical Addresses that identifies every computer

• IPV4: 32 bits: 4 Octets: 4.2 Billion• IPV6: 128 bits: 8 hex: 3.4 * 1038

Private Addresses (Not Routable in the Internet)

• 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255• 172.16.0.0 – 172.32.255.255• 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.25.255

Public Addresses (Routable in the Internet)

• Every Other Address

DEPLOYMENT OPTIONS FOR TCP/IP CONFIGUARTION

Windows 7 has four methods available for configuring TCP/IP

• Static IP addressing• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)• Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)• Alternate IP configuration

CONFIGURING STATIC ADDRESSES

• You can manually configure IP addressing if you know your IP address and subnet mask.

• If you are using optional components such as a default gateway or a DNS server, you will need to know the IP addresses of the computers that host these services as well.

• This option is not typically used in large networks because it is time consuming and prone to user error.

SETTING UP DHCP

• Dynamic IP configuration assumes that you have a DHCP server on your network that is reachable by the DHCP clients.

• DHCP servers are configured to automatically provide DHCP clients with all their IP configuration information, including IP address, subnet mask, and DNS server. For large networks, DHCP is the easiest and most reliable way of managing IP configurations.

• By default, a Windows 7 machine is configured as a DHCP client for dynamic IP configuration.

WINDOWS APIPA ADDRESSES

• APIPA. (Automatic Private IP Addressing)

• The Windows function that provides DHCP autoconfiguration addressing.

• APIPA assigns a class B IP address from 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255 to the client when a DHCP server is either permanently or temporarily unavailable

USING MULTIPLE IP ADDRESSES

• Windows 7 allows you to configure more than one network adapter in a single computer, an approach known as multi-homing.

• You can also configure multiple IP addresses on the same network adapter in Windows 7, an approach known as logical multi-homing.

USING ALTERNATE CONFIGUARTION

• Alternate Configuration is designed to be used by laptops and other mobile computers to manage IP configurations when the computer is used in multiple locations and one location requires a static IP address and the other require dynamic IP addressing.

• For example, a user with a laptop might need a static IP address to connect to their broadband ISP at home, and then use DHCP when connected to the corporate network. Alternate Configuration works by allowing the user to configure the computer so that it will initially try to connect to a network using DHCP; if the DHCP attempt fails

• The alternate static IP configuration is used. The alternate IP address can be an APIPA or a manually configured IP

NETWORK COMMANDSRetrieving Information About your Network Connection

COMMANDS:getmac

ipconfig/all

ipconfig/release

ipconfig/renew

TESTING CONNECTIONS

PING COMMAND

• Ping <IP ADDRESS>

• Ping <Hostname | Domain Name>

• Ping -t : To keep pinging repeatedly

• Tracert google.com

NETWORKING TOOLSWIRESHARKA free and open-source packet analyzer that captures network packets and displays packet details for easier examination.

NETWORKING TOOLSNETSTAT

A network related tool, useful when troubleshooting networking issues. This command is capable of displaying network connections, local routing table, network interface statistics, etc.

Netstat Switches:-a: active connections-e: statistics-p: protocol specific-r: routing table

NETWORKING TOOLSTCPVIEW

A Windows program that will show you detailed listings of all TCP and UDP connections on your system, including the local and remote addresses and state of TCP connections.

WINDOWS NETWORK PROFILES

Home network:

These are used for home networks or when you know and trust the people and devices on the network. Computers on a home network can belong to a HomeGroup. Network discovery is turned on for home networks, which allows you to see other computers and devices on the network and allows other network users to see your computer.

• Computers on a home network must belong to a workgroup, but they can also belong to a HomeGroup. A HomeGroup makes it easy to share pictures, music, videos, documents, and printers with other people on a home network.

• A HomeGroup is protected with a password, but you only need to type the password once, when adding your computer to the HomeGroup.

WINDOWS NETWORK PROFILES

Work network (private):

These are used for small office or other workplace networks. Network discovery, which allows you to see other computers and devices on a network and allows other network users to see your computer, is on by default, but you can't create or join a HomeGroup.

• All computers are peers; no computer has control over another computer.

• Each computer has a set of user accounts. To log on to any computer in the workgroup, you must have an account on that computer.

• There are typically no more than twenty computers.• A workgroup is not protected by a password.• All computers must be on the same local network or subnet.

WINDOWS NETWORK PROFILES

Public network:

• These are used for networks in public places (such as coffee shops or airports).

• This location is designed to keep your computer from being visible to other computers around you and to help protect your computer from any malicious software from the Internet.

• HomeGroup is not available on public networks, and network discovery is turned off.

• You should also choose this option if you're connected directly to the Internet without using a router, or if you have a mobile broadband connection.

WINDOWS NETWORK PROFILES

Domain network:

These are used when location is used for domain networks such as those at enterprise workplaces. This type of network location is controlled by your network administrator and can't be selected or changed.

• One or more computers are servers. Network administrators use servers to control the security and permissions for all computers on the domain. This makes it easy to make changes because the changes are automatically made to all computers. Domain users must provide a password or other credentials each time they access the domain.

• If you have a user account on the domain, you can log on to any computer on the domain without needing an account on that computer.

• You probably can make only limited changes to a computer's settings because network administrators often want to ensure consistency among computers.

• There can be thousands of computers in a domain.• The computers can be on different local networks.

DNS (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)

• The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network.

• Translates Human Readable Domain names to IP addresses

• An often-used analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as the phone book for the Internet

• DNS lookup command

nslookup <domain name>

nslookup google.com

DNS - CONFIGURATION

• Control Panel -> Networking and Sharing Center

• These setting will override the DNS settings sent through DHCP so it is acceptable for most users of Windows.

You will need admin rights in order to perform the task to change the DNS configuration

SECURITY: WINDOWS FIREWALL

Firewall Rules Helps you to configure connections you want to allow or disallow.

E.g. You make disallow all ICMP packets

Control Panel -> System and Security -> Windows Firewall

QUESTIONS ?