WATER PROOFING COMPOUND

PRESENTED BY BINDRESH KR.

SAHANI

PURVANCHAL INSTITUE OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

SUBMITTED TO AR. MIRZA ASIM BEG

WATER PROOFING

Waterproofing describes making an object waterproof or water-resistant.

Building water-proofing is a process which is designed to prevent water from penetrating a building. 

Usually extensive waterproofing measures are added to a building at the time of construction, to provide moisture control from the start

Waterproofing may also be done after a building is built, to address problems as they emerge or as part of a building retrofit

Internal areas that are waterproofed include : bathrooms,  shower recesses,  laundries  toilets. 

Garage floor coating with polyurathane

Coating with asphalt

External area waterproofed extends to:

roofs,  planter boxes,  podiums,balconies,  retaining walls  swimming pools.

Basic waterproofing and envelope design incorporates 3 steps to ensure a watertight and environmentally sound interior :

1. Understanding water sources likely to be encountered

2. Designing systems to prevent leakage from these sources.

3. Finalizing the design by properly detailing each individual envelope component into adjacent components.

Retaing wall coated with Asphalt

EDPM MEMBRANE coating at roof top

WHY WE NEED TO WATERPROOF THE BUILDING

STURCTURE

LEAKAGEthe accidental admission or escape of

water of vapuor through a hole or crack.

Water in any of its forms must be present.

Water must be moved along by some type of force, including wind, gravity for above-structure and hydrostatic pressure or capillary action for below-structure.

Finally and the most important, there must be a breach (hole, brake, or some type of opening) in the envelope to facilitate the entry of water into the protected spaces

Available water is moved into the interior of a structure by numerous forces that include:

 Natural gravity Surface tension  Wind/Air currents Capillary action Hydrostatic pressure

CAUSES OF LEAKAGE

WATERPROOFING COMPOUND

• These are the various materials that used for water proofing .

• These compounds are available in the form of sheet , tape , liquid compounds , etc.

THE VARIOUS WATER PROOFING COMPOUNDS ARE :- Neoprene• Butyl • E.P.D.M.• P.V.C.• Polyurethane

WATER PROOFING COMPOUNDS

1. It should be impervious.

2. It should be strong and durable be capable of withstanding both dead aswell as live loads without  damage.

3. It should be dimensionally stable.

4. It should be free from deliquescent salts like sulphates, chlorides and nitrates.

Properties

POLYCHLOROPRENE IS PRIMARILY COMPOSED OF CARBON, HYDROGEN AND CHLORINRE POLMERS WHICH ARE CROSS LINKED TO GIVE NEOPRENE CERTAIN DESIRABLE PROPERTIES SUCH AS THERMAL INERTNESS,HEAT ,OIL ,WATER AND SOLVENT RESISTANCE.

DEFINITIONNEOPRENE

IT COMES IN ROLL IN WHICH BREADTH IS FIXED AND LENGTH CAN UPTO 50 FEET

SIZES CAN VARY ACCORDING TO USER REQUIREMENT

COST OF NEOPRENE SHEET IS 250-400 RS PER METER

OR CAN BE ACCORDING TO THE WEIGHT OF SHEET 200-300 RS PER KILOGRAM

SIZES AND COST OF NEOPRENE SHEET

• EASILY AVAILABLE

• RESIST DIFFERENT ELEMENTS

• INSTALLATION IS EASY

• EQUALLY EFFECTIVE IN OUTDOOR CONDITIONS

• AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT COLOURS

ADVANTAGES OF NEOPRENE

• IRRESISTABLE TO STRONG HEAT.

• GETS FADE AFTER TIME.

• ODOUR AN ISSUE IN PRODUCTS.

• CAN BE USED UPTO TEMPERATURE FROM -20 C TO 110C.

DISADVANTAGES OF NEOPRENE

Isobutylene was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1825.

It was later developed into butyl rubber in 1937, by researchers William J. Sparks and Robert M. Thomas.

Today, the majority of the global supply of butyl rubber is produced by just two companies, 

1. ExxonMobil2. Polymer Corporation

Availability in form of:1. Tape 2. Butynol waterproofing membrane

BUTYL

INSTALLATION PROCESS OF BUTYL TAPE

PREPARATION FOR TAPPING

THE JOINTS

TAPPING

CLEANING AN D FINISHING

INSTALLATION PROCESS OF BUTYNOL MEMBRANE

SPRAY OF ADHESIVE ON MEMBRANE

SPRAY OF ADHESIVE ON ROOF

JOINING

FINISHEED ROOF

Perma Waterproofing Butyl Tape Is Resistant To Hot And Cold Temperature. It With Stands 90°c Without Yielding .

Perma Waterproofing Butyl Tape Is Totally Waterproofing.

It Has Good Adhesion To All Types Of Surface And Can Be Planted Over.

ADVANTAGES

covering the insulated air conditioning ductscovering all cracks, construction joints, bends and cornerssealing all joints in timber Sporting equipmentGas masks and chemical agent protectioncovering of all cutouts and pipe jointsTires

APPLICATIONS

E.P.D.M. (ethylene propylene diene monomer) is a synthetic terpolymer which has a wide range of applications.

E.P.D.M. membrane is a lightweight , durable and weatherproof water proofing membrane .

It has an exceptional elasticity and will not split or crack under normal building movement .

E.P.D.M. exhibits satisfactory protection from heat , water , alkalis , acids , oils , weather protection , electrical protection , etc.

INTRODUCTION

E.P.D.M. (ETHYLE PROPYLENE DIENE MONOMER)

ITEMS REQUIRED :-E.P.D.M. membrane Bonding adhesiveRoller Knife or scissor Push broom Gloves and protections

INSTALLATION PROCESS

Make sure that the surface is clean and dry .

Unfold the membrane

Allow membrane to relax for 30 minutes to remove wrinkles .

Open bonding adhesive ( voc based , volatile organic

compound or solvent based) and stir until colour is uniform .

Apply adhesive to the exposed deck and to the back of the membrane .

Allow adhesive to dry until it is tacky .

Roll the adhesive coated membrane back onto the deck where adhesive has also been applied .

Work slowly and evenly to reduce wrinkles .

Use a push broom to sweep over the membrane .

Repeat this procedure until all the membrane is secure .

PROCESS

AVAILABLE SIZES 1.1 MM THICK 1.5 MM THICK

LENGTH WIDTH 10’ 25’ 10’ 50’ 10’ 100’ 20’ 100’ 30’ 100’

LENGTH WIDTH 10’ 25’ 10’ 50’ 10’ 100’ 20’ 100’ 30’ 100’

Coloured E.P.D.M.

Quick and easy to install .Extremely flexible .Excellent water resistance .Contain no dangerous substance .Superior elongation . Highly resistance to tearing and impact .Versatile , last for 40 years and more .Works at low temperature of -50◦C and maximum of 150◦C Low maintenance

ADVANTAGESE.P.D.M. comes mainly in a black roll ,

which easily absorbs heat and can lead to superheating of the structure below .

It comes in light colour also , to help reflect heat in summer climate , but this adds about 30% more to the cost of the material per square foot .

If a workman wearing the wrong type of boot could tear a hole in the roof covering membrane i.e. E.P.D.M.

DISADVANTAGES

BasementsPondsSloping and slabs(roof)Water reservoirsSwimming pool

APPLICATIONS

SWIMMING POOL BASEMENT

WATER RESERVIOR

ROOF

POND

PVC (PolyVinyl Chloride)• PVC waterproofing membrane is a modern

roofing material, which is made of high quality flexible (plasticized) polyvinylchloride.

• Manufacturers of PVC membranes offer diverse width and length of the material.

• The width of the material ranges from 3 to 7 ft.

• The rolls can be between 60 and 75 ft in length. The thickness of the PVC membrane is 48mil, 60mil, 72mil & 80mil.

Features of PVC membrane• PVC membrane is used mainly for waterproofing of buildings and roofs.

• Since this material is quite easy to install, strong enough (is of great tensile strength), has long service life,

• Due to its structure, the PVC membrane is very strong and simultaneously flexible material which is resistant to precipitation, ultra-violet radiation, capable to withstand heavy surface and tensile loads

• PVC waterproofing membrane can serve for almost fifty years without losing its reliability and positive characteristics.

TYPICAL SECTION OF PVC INSTALLATION OF SLOPED ROOF

Advantages of PVC• strength• elasticity and tightness• strength of the welds (at the junction of sheets)• atmosphere and chemical resistance• vapor permeability at 100% water resistance• resistance to wind loads• frost-proof• resistance to the movements of structural elements of buildings• resistance to oxidation and UV rays• high durability• fire resistant• diversity of colors

Polyurethane a synthetic resin in which the

polymer units are linked by urethane groups, used chiefly as constituents of paints, varnishes, adhesives, and foams.

Forms: 1) liquid medium 2) sheet

History

Step 1 : Clean the surface thoroughly and make it dust free.

Step 2 : Wash the surface with water.

Step 3 : Apply the first coat of Tuff & Shine with brush or spray

Recommended Usage :   On primed concrete, PU & Epoxy Self

levelling floor.

Top coat on any paint wall for long lasting life.

It is UV resistance and scratchproof clear coat

Application Method :

Its used for the flat roof area and exposed to weathering.

Polyurethane liquid membrane can offer higher flexibility.

Its very sensitive to moisture content present, therefore before application, one has to be very careful evaluating the moisture content of the concrete slab, otherwise peeling or de-bonding of membranes may happen after some time

Advantages/dis-advantages of:Polyurethane liquid membrane

• Water proofing makes up b/w 1% and 2% of the total cost of the construction .

• But accounts for upto 80% of the complaints .

• The biggest cause of waterproofing failure is workmanship .

• Poor surface preparation .

• Adhesion Failure (due to moisture content) .

FAILURE OF WATERPROOFING

• Adhesives used are highly flammable . Hence catch fire .

• So , keep away from fire , sparks , source of fire .

• Turn off electronic gadgets , stoves , heaters , until all vapors dispersed .

• Do not smoke .

• Close container after use .

• Keep away from eyes and use chemical resistant gloves and glasses .

• Read safety instructions on the product .

PRECAUTIONS

SOME PRACTICAL APPLICATION

After completion of the internal plastering of walls, keep a margin of 450mm from the final floor level of the bathroom. Roughening of the plaster should be done with a wire brush for fixing the glazed tiles cladding dado.

Complete grooving, chiseling for concealed G.I and electrical conduit piping in bathroom.

Remove all debris from the bathroom after chiseling the extra mortar, if any, to expose the slab completely.

Make the holes in the external walls for connecting nahini trap to external drainage line and water leakage drain pipe.

Clean the bathroom thoroughly with water. Mark the level in red on the walls, with respect to the floor level, to set up the trap level.

Bathroom Water-proofingPreparation of Bathroom water-

proofing

For basements, swimming pools and underground ducts such as lift pits, the water-proofing has to withstand the water pressure in addition to its basic stress.

Basement/Swimming pool and underground duct water proofing

• Carry out the work of PCC bed and provide a cement mix 1:4 base coat with water-proofing compound and above this fix rough shahabad tiles.

• Maintain the break joint pattern while fixing the tile for base.

• After fixing the tiles, grout the joints with cement slurry completely.

• Apply a jointless layer of cement mortar 1:3 25mm thick and cure it for 7 days.

• For basement, provision of gutter and sump is made in PCC itself and shahabad base is also prepared in the same fashion. Gutter is given proper slope towards the sump. This is done as a preventive measure against occasional entry of rain water into basement.

• After curing, provide the final jointless water-proof plaster coat in cement mortar 1:4 over the rough shahabad tiles.

Work procedure

Fix in a slope of 1:150, starting from the lowest point of rainwater down take and by keeping a minimum thickness of 65mm below the rainwater outlet.

Fix brick bats in cement mortar layer of 1:6 proportion in a slope of 1:150 with the water proofing compound.

Brick Bat Coba For Terrace

Fill the cement mortar 1:4 with the brick bat joints. Fix small pieces of brick bats along with 20mm metal for coving

of watta(rounding) at the bottom of the parapet wall Special care should be taken for achieving the round shape near

the rain water pipe. Block the rain water outlet with gunny bags, to avoid cement

slurry from entering it. Cure the brick bat coba coat for at least seven days.

Details of glazed china mosaic water-proofing

Spread cement mortar in 1:4 along with water-proofing compound over the brick bat coba.

Press the cement mortar with a ruler of length of 2m. Level the surface with a wooden float, keeping 25mm thickness. Apply thick cement slurry over the levelled surface, along with the

water-proofing compound for a smooth finish. Polish the surface with metal float Make vertical and horizontal lines at an intervel of 300mmX300mm,

using a cotton line dori of minimum 3mm thick; so as to avoid cracking of the top layer.

Clean and cure the final coat for 21days with atleast 150mm water standing on the water proofing.

Final coat for terrace water-proofing

Clean the top of the chhajja and chisel extra mortar, if any.

Apply a thick cement slurry over the top of the chhajja.

Apply 1:1.5:3screen coat.

Make rounding at the junction of chhajja and wall of the building.

Cure this coat for seven days.

Apply a finishing coat with C.M 1:4 with water-proofing compound.

Cure the water-proofing for atleast 7 days.

Chajja water proofing

Clean the surface of the sloping terrace. Apply a thick cement slurry over the surface of the slab. Apply 1:1.5:3 screen coat. Cure this coat for 7 days by putting wet gunny bags on it. Over this coat, apply a finishing coat with cement sand mortar

1:4 and water-proofing compound as per design. Make an edge between the parapet and the sloping roof on the

second day. Cure this water-proofing for 15 days with gunny bags spread

over it. Constant watering is required on a sloping slab.

Sloping Terrace Water Proofing

WATER PROOFING SLOPING TERRACE WATER PROOFING

Damp proof course in plinth•Foundation masonry is always in contact with the sub soil,which sometimes may contain water.•The subsoil water tries to enter the building through the walls/floore.•Due to capillary action, the subsoil water sometimes rises into the walls of the building against gravity and indicates dampness.•Generally , foundation masonry is done with UCR masonry and at the plinth level,DPC is provided to prevent capillary water of the sub soil water.•The rich cement concrete, generally of M20 grade with water proofing compound added to it can be used as DPC in buildings.•Tar isalso applied below DPC to prevent the entry through capillary action.•Above the DPC, regular masonry for super structure is done.

Causes and Precautions for wall dampness

•If the foundation masonry is directly exposed to subsoil, water may enter the building through the walls.•For this it is ensured that pointing or plastering the exposed walls is done to restrict the direct contact of sub soil water with masonry.•No hollow spaces should remain in the masonry as these are the routes for water to enter.•For the junctions of RCC and masonry, chicken mesh should be used for plastering.•Dampness is also observed on the ceiling in the form of patches. This is due to stagnant water on the terrace or some organic matter dumped on the terrace.•During execution of the terrace, a proper slope should be given so that water doesnt accumulate in any place.•The terrace must be kept clean during rainy seasons to prevent continuous dampness.•The terrace slab must be cast carefully so that it attains density and impermeability.

Market Survey

Width Of Tape : 50 mm & 100 mmLength Of Tape In a Roll

: 20 Metre

Thickness Of Tape : 0.75 mmService Temperature

: -30°C to 90°C

Application Temperature

: + 5°C to 50°C

Adhesion : 7.8 N / 10 mm width of strip

50MM X 20mtr – 1 roll ( minimum pkg 8 roll)

100mm x 20mtr – 1 roll (minimum pkg 4 roll

PACKING

PERMA BUTYL TAPE

BUTYL TAPESno. Type of work Rate/mt./ltr.kg. Remark

1Flash strip Tape

Rs.87.5 Total length 10m

2 Butyl tape(jonhson)

Rs. 35 5mt.(roll)

3 GSSI sealant(Butyl tape)

Rs.80.7/ft. 50ft(roll)

POLYURETHANESno. Type of work Rate/

sq.ftor/ltr.Remark

1 Weather tuff polyurethane

670/ltr Liquid20 ltr

2 Water based(monoproof)

498/kg powder20 kg (bag)

EDPM/NEOPRENESno. Type of work Rate/sq.ftor/

ltr.Remark

1 EDPM WATERPROOF SHEET

Rs. 600SQ. MT10-20 M

PER ROLL

2 NEOPRENE Rs. 250-400(per meter)

Roll (upto 50ft.)

3 EDPM Quick roof 151/ft. 25ft.(roll)3”x25’