waterproofing guide

WATERPROOFINGGUIDE

THEULTIMATE

ASIAN PAINTS LIMITED6-A, Shantinagar, Santacruz (E),Mumbai 400 055

Get easy solutions to all your

dampness-related problems as you

read on. Know everything from the

causes, to the signs and more;

as you again make your home

a beautiful, healthy place to live in.

Is water ruiningthe beauty

of your home?

Sun Shades /Chajjas Page 08

Exterior Walls Page 10

Bathroom / ToiletAdjacent Walls Page 18

For information on products refer to page no. 30

Water Tanks /Sumps Page 12

Terraces Page 06

Skirting Areas Page 16

Ceilings Page 26

Exterior Facing Walls Page 22

Identify your problem and get the

solution as per the page referred.

Index

05

Seepage and accumulation of

water in various areas like terraces

and sun shades / chajjas can lead

to dampness and related problems

like algae, weakening of walls and

formation of ugly patches, which

consequently spoil your interior

home décor. Read on to know the

exact reasons behind these

problems and their solutions.

ExteriorDampness

04

07

Solution:

For application process refer to page no. 34 (Crack Seal) and 42 (Damp Proof)

2

3

4

1

Envelop the terrace, including the parapets,

using SmartCare Damp Proof

for complete waterproofing.

Repair all the visible cracks using

SmartCare Crack Seal.

Repair any hollow or damaged portions using cement sand mortar.

Ensure that the drain water pipes are not

clogged and there are enough outlets for

the water to drain off.

CRACKSEAL

DAMPPROOF

06

Terraces

Often due to incorrectly sloped terraces,

improperly fitted drain pipes, gaps between slabs on

parapet walls or blocked outlets, there is accumulation

leading to a rise in water pressure. This can result in

appearance of ugly damp patches, peeling of paint,

stains on the ceiling below and algal growth.

1 2 3

09

Solution:


1

2

Clean the surface and fill up the cracks between the joints of the wall and

sun shades / chajjas with SmartCare Crack Seal.

Waterproof the exposed surfaces of the sun shades / chajjas with

SmartCare Damp Proof.

CRACKSEAL

DAMPPROOF

08

Sun Shades / Chajjas

Improper slopes, or cracks at the joints between

walls and sun shades / chajjas, can cause ugly

damp patches in and around these places.

This eventually results in flaking, peeling or bubble

formations on the internal walls close by, ruining

their beauty.

11

1

2


Solution:

Treat all the plaster cracks of up to 3 mm width with SmartCare Crack Seal.

For structural cracks, you may either use a suitable sealant or do civil

repair work.

Waterproof the exterior walls with SmartCare Damp Proof. Follow this up

with two coats of any high quality exterior emulsion of the desired shade.

EXTERIOREMULSION

EXTERIOREMULSION

DAMPPROOF

CRACKSEAL

10

Exterior Walls

Often, due to structural ageing or poor masonry, joint and

surface cracks develop on exterior walls. Constant exposure

to elements like heat and rain weakens the walls and results

in the wear and tear of the exterior paint film. The entering of

water further leads to a host of interior painted wall problems.

13For application process refer to page no. 38 (Damp Block)

Drain off the water and empty

the entire tank, in case of

renovation / repainting.

On bare concrete or plaster, apply

SmartCare Damp Block as per the

recommended application procedure.

Once the SmartCare Damp Block coat is dry,

topcoat it again with another layer of

plaster, thus ensuring that the

SmartCare Damp Block treatment

is sandwiched between 2 layers of plaster.

Solution:

1

2

3

DAMPBLOCK

Water Tanks/ Sumps

A commonly observed problem is seepage or leakage from overhead and

underground tanks. Due to continuous presence of water, there is a tendency of

water seeping through, thus spoiling the décor and weakening the structure.

Any waterproofing treatment used for such tanks needs to be safe for potable

water consumption so as not to pose any health hazard for consumers.

SmartCare Damp Block is certified to be safe and compatible with potable water.

12

15

Often due to structural problems,

age of the structure or incorrect planning,

leakage and seepage of water can ruin

the beauty of your walls.

Treat them effectively as you

read on about causes, symptoms

and solutions.

InteriorDampness

14

For application process refer to page no. 38 (Damp Block)17

Solution:

1 Treat the affected area with SmartCare Damp Block for effective and

lasting waterproofing.

DAMPBLOCK

Skirting Areas

Tide marks often develop at a height of around

1 meter on walls. Problems like damp patches,

peeling, flaking or efflorescence are also common due

to the rise of ground water, especially in areas with

high water table levels.

16

19

1

2

3

For application process refer to page no. 38 (Damp Block)

Solution:

Use a suitable treatment like tile grout

or white cement to fill the gaps

between tiles.

Employ the services of a plumber and ensure

that there are no leakage issues

in any of the concealed pipes.

Treat the affected area with

SmartCare Damp Block for effective

and long lasting waterproofing.

DAMPBLOCK

Bathroom / Toilet Adjacent Walls

Continuous presence of water leads to dampness-related problems.

Water penetrates through gaps between tiles and the wall-floor joints or

due to faulty plumbing. This is exhibited in the form of damp patches,

ugly stains, peeling, flaking and efflorescence on walls around

the bathroom.

18

21

1

2

For application process refer to page no. 38 (Damp Block)

Solution:

Ascertain whether the leak is a supply leak or a drain leak and accordingly

get it fixed by a plumber.

Treat the affected area with SmartCare Damp Block for effective and long

lasting waterproofing.

OR

DAMPBLOCK

20

Areas Near Kitchen Sink

Constant exposure to water damages the walls

around the sink in more ways than one. Leaking

pipes and faulty plumbing can lead to appearance

of ugly stains and patches on the walls below the

sink as well as on the opposite side.

2322

Exterior Facing Walls

Exterior facing walls often have water entering

through surface and joint cracks, gaps

between the window frame and the wall. This

results in interior dampness problems such as

damp stains, paint bubbling, paint flaking and

efflorescence on exterior facing walls.

25

4

5

Ensure that plant pots are not very close

to the walls and there is suitable

provision for the water to drain off.

Treat the affected area on the interior walls with SmartCare Damp Block

for effective and lasting waterproofing.

For application process refer to page no. 34 (Crack Seal),

38 (Damp Block) and 42 (Damp Proof)

DAMPBLOCK

24

1

2

3

Solution:

Treat all plaster cracks on interior and exterior walls

with SmartCare Crack Seal.

Waterproof the wall from outside with SmartCare Damp Proof.

In case of window frames, check for gaps between the frame and the wall

and seal the gap using a suitable sealant.

CRACKSEAL

DAMPPROOF

2726

Ceilings

Seepage from above, through bathrooms, toilets, kitchen sinks,

faulty plumbing and water pressure can cause dampness-related

problems like stains, bubbling, paint flaking and more. Houses with

terraces above are vulnerable to seepage through improper

sloping, cracks at joints, surface cracks or damaged areas that

allow water penetration.

For application process refer to page no. 38 (Damp Block) and 42 (Damp Proof)29

Damp ProofEnvelop Coating

The recommended treatment for ceiling dampness is to address the actual source

of water leakage.

Solution:

In case of a terrace above, envelop the entire terrace from parapet to

parapet using SmartCare Damp Proof.

If there is a toilet / bathroom on the floor above, remove the tiles and do

waterproofing treatment by applying 2 coats of SmartCare Damp Block

and re-lay the tiles.

1

2

28

DAMPPROOF

DAMPBLOCK

Products

Introducing SmartCare,

a revolutionary range of products,

designed to tackle the various

dampness-related problems in your home.

These products have been specifically

engineered using specialised chemicals

and the latest technology to tackle

problems and can be used in

conjunction with your painting to

solve them with ease.

3130

33

Areas of Application

1

2

3

Cracks on all interior and exterior

masonry surfaces of up to 3 mm width.

Cracks and gaps caused by drying

and shrinkage.

Cracks near windows

and door frames.

Crack Seal

Asian Paints SmartCare Crack Seal

is a single pack fibre-glass reinforced

crack filling compound for both interior

and exterior surfaces. It comes as a

ready-to-apply white coloured paste.

Product Features & Benefits

Mechanical Strength: Strong fibre-glass

reinforced film does not

let cracks reappear.

Usage: Single ready-to-use

pack and

easy-to-apply product.

CRACKSEAL

Flexibility:High elongation film

that accommodates

minor movements.

Low Shrinkage: Does not leave a mark

after painting.

Crack Bridging:Strong filling capacity

for plaster cracks of

up to 3 mm width.

32

Waterproofing: Water-resistant film

stops water entry

through cracks.

35

6

7

Apply the second coat of SmartCare Crack Seal in the same manner.

Further finishing like POP or putty can be taken up once the coat is fully dry.

34

1

3

4

5

Cleaning

Open the cracks and widen them

to form a ‘V’ shaped groove.

Clean the area thoroughly so that

it is free from loose dust particles.

2 Priming

Post cleaning, treat the opened crack

using a primer.

Apply the first coat of SmartCare

Crack Seal on the crack using

a spatula or putty knife.

Press the paste firmly into the crack

and level with the surface.

Apply in consecutive perpendicular

layers to avoid leaving air pockets.

Allow it to set for 6-8 hours.

Application Procedure

37


6

2

3

4

Interior walls affected by dampness

that are adjacent to bathrooms,

kitchens or are exterior facing.

Interior walls affected by

ground rising dampness.

Sunken areas of bathrooms.

Water tanks / Sumps.

36

Damp Block

Asian Paints SmartCare Damp Block

is a flexible polymer modified cement

based anti-damp coating for interiors.

It is a single pack white coloured powder

that is easy-to-apply and offers lasting

protection from dampness.


Ease of Use: Single pack and

easy-to-apply.

DAMPBLOCK

Nanotechnology:Nano sized particles

enter smallest of pores

and crevices to block

water from coming out.

Breathability: Breathable nature allows

water vapour to pass while

completely blocking water,

and thus prevents blistering.

Adhesion: High tensile and excellent

bond strength with

cementatious substrates.

Crystalline Technology:Reacts with water and

forms crystals to

effectively block water.

CRYSTALS

WATER

Waterproofing:Resists 4 bars of

hydrostatic pressure

from the negative side.

39

5

6

7

Material Calculator

For more information on forced coverage refer to page no. 55

A gap of 4 hours should be given

between coats.

Apply putty-primer and suitable topcoat.

For severely affected areas, apply an additional coat as mentioned above.

*Affected Area - sq.ft.

(Calculate by adding 2 feet beyond the affected area on all sides)

Coverage - 7.5 sq.ft./ltr.

Material required - (Affected Area ÷7.5) ltrs

PUTTY PRIMER

38

1

2

3

4

Cleaning

Remove old paint, putty or existing POP

using a chisel and wire-brush.

Ensure you reach the cement plaster

for the product application.

Priming

Apply a self-priming coat of

SmartCare Damp Block

(diluted with water in 1:1 ratio).

Apply 2 coats of

SmartCare Damp Block

(diluted with water in 3:1 ratio)

using a putty knife or a trowel.

Achieve a forced coverage of

7.5 sq.ft./kg for the system*.

The system should cover an area well over

and wide, of the affected area. This will prevent

water from affecting the adjacent areas.


1WATER

2

WATER

41

Exterior walls affected by dampness.

Mechanical Strength: Fibres in the coating

offer very strong mechanical

properties and abrasion

resistance to the film.

Heat Proof: Brilliant white coat and

high Dry Film Thickness

(DFT) of 650 microns

results in high heat

reflection that results

in cool interiors

during harsh summers.

Ease of Use: Single pack,

easy-to-apply

and simple recoating

for maintenance.


DAMPPROOF

1

2

3

Terraces.

Sun shades / Chajjas.

40

Damp Proof

Asian Paints SmartCare Damp Proof

is a fibre-reinforced elastomeric liquid

applied waterproof coating. Upon curing,

it forms a seamless, durable membrane

offering excellent waterproofing protection.

Waterproofing:Waterproofing protection

of up to 7 bars

hydrostatic pressure

from the positive side.

Crack Bridging: High film elongation

allows excellent

crack bridging ability

for cracks up to 0.8 mm

on terraces and 2 mm

on vertical walls.

Anti-Carbonation: Protection against carbon

dioxide and chloride ion

diffusion to maintain

the strength of the structure.


CO2

1

2

3

4

5

43

Material Calculator

*Terrace Area - sq.ft.

Coverage - 10 sq.ft./ltr.

Material -

(Affected Area÷10) ltrsrequired

For more information on forced coverage refer to page no. 55

Vertical Areas:

Apply a self-priming coat of

SmartCare Damp Proof


Apply 1 coat without dilution.

Ensure a forced coverage of 25 sq.ft./ltr. for the system#.

Apply 2 coats of any high quality exterior

emulsion of the desired shade.

Allow to dry for 4-6 hours between coats.

#Wall Area - sq.ft.

Coverage - 25 sq.ft./ltr.

Material -

(Affected Area÷25) ltrsrequired

DAMPPROOF

DAMPPROOF

DAMPPROOF WATER

1DAMPPROOF

2EXTERIOREMULSION

1

2

2

3

4

1

42

Cleaning

Clean the surface and ensure that it is free of oil, grease and loose dust particles.

It is recommended to use intense wire-brushing or high-speed water jet.

Repairing

The substrate must be checked for its soundness using a small hammer.

All cracks of up to 3 mm should be treated with SmartCare Crack Seal.

All damaged portions need to be repaired.

Apply a self priming coat of

SmartCare Damp Proof


Horizontal Areas:

Apply two perpendicular coats of SmartCare Damp Proof

without dilution.

Achieve a forced coverage of 10 sq.ft. /ltr. for the system*.

Allow to dry for 4-6 hours between coats.


DAMPPROOF

DAMPPROOF

DAMPPROOF WATER

2DAMPPROOF

45

Topcoats

After you’re done resolving

all the dampness-related problems,

give your home the beauty and style that comes

with the Asian Paints premium range of topcoats.

Designed to make your homes the topic of conversations,

these topcoats not only offer additional protection

to your home, but ensure it stays

beautiful forever.

44

ExteriorInterior

47

High-End Exterior Emulsion

Apex Ultima

Give your home a touch of advanced

painting technology with the Colour StayTM

Technology, Dust Pick-Up Resistance and

Increased Anti-algal Formula in the new

Apex Ultima.

Colour StayTM

Ensures brighter,

cleaner shades

that stay longer

without fading.

Anti-algal Formula:Fights formation

of algae and keeps

walls free from ugly

black spots.

Dust Pick-UpResistance: Prevents dust from

settling on walls,

keeping walls clean.


46

High-End Interior Emulsion

Royale Shyne

Experiment with beauty as you colour

your walls with unlimited possibilities.

With features like Enhanced Anti-fungal

and Anti-bacterial Capabilities, Superior

Stain Resistance, Better Opacity and

Increased Smoothness of Finish, make

your walls, your canvas.

Superior Stain Resistance: Prevents stains from

penetrating the film

to make it easy to

clean and maintain.

Enhanced Anti-fungaland Anti-bacterial Shield:Conforms to the Japanese

industrial standard, killing

99.8% of micro-organisms

that come in contact with

walls and resists fungal

growth to maintain the

beauty of interior walls.

Unmatched Film Durability:Protects wall surfaces

against regular pressures.

For instance, furniture

brushing against walls.


49

Tips to ProtectYour Walls

48

51

EASY CHECKS TO KEEP YOUR HOME BEAUTIFUL FOREVER

Keep your eye out for any leakages in the plumbing. Refer to the ideas provided in

the book and make your homes rain-ready.

This is the time when you need to take curative steps. Trim trees that have

overhanging branches. Keep the areas where water pooling may happen clean

and obstacle-free.

As the monsoon draws to an end, your home can breathe a sigh of relief. Check for

any spotting on exterior walls which indicate algal growth. A good wash is

recommended for your walls, post monsoon.

It is advisable to wash and scrub your walls at least once or twice a year to ensure

lasting beauty of your home. This ensures that any settled dust or fumes are

washed away and your home stays clean and beautiful.

WASH & SCRUB

POST-MONSOON CHECK

MONSOON CHECK

PRE-MONSOON CHECK

50

SIMPLE SOLUTIONS TO PREVENT PROBLEMS.

PIPES: Replace every ten years.

AIR CONDITIONER DUCTS: Solve leaks immediately. Usage of

longer pipes is recommended.

INTERNAL DAMPNESS: Look out for internal dampness. Repair cracks

and replace leaking pipes immediately.

WEEDS: Ensure that drainage channels and wall

surfaces are always kept clean of plant growth.

SLOPED TERRACES : Ensure sufficient slope to your terraces.

CLOGGED DRAINS : Ensure that drain pipes are not clogged.

QUALITY OF MATERIAL: During construction or renovation,

ensure good quality sand and cement is used.

GARDENING: Channel the flow of water away from balconies

and use tiles near the ground surface

to prohibit permeation while watering plants.

53

WaterproofingSimplified

52

55

3) What is carbonation and anti-carbonation coating?

Carbonation is the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by a chemical reaction

in the concrete. When these reactions take place the pH-value will start falling. The

normal pH-value of concrete is above 13 and the pH-value of fully carbonated

concrete is below 9. Once the carbonation process reaches the reinforcement rods,

and the pH-value drops beneath 13, corrosion will initiate. The formation of lime in

the substrate also causes the structure to weaken over a period of time.

Anti-carbonation paint forms an impermeable coating and does not allow the

ingress of carbon dioxide and chloride ions into the substrate. Thus they protect

the structure from the effects of carbonation and ensure its longer life.

4) What is forced coverage?

Forced coverage is enforcing the usage of exact quantity of material for

a specified designated area. Normally forced coverage is achieved by marking the

area to be painted, calculating the area, ascertaining the material that’ll be needed

and finally ensuring that the entire quantity is used up only for that area. In the area

of waterproofing, the application procedure is as important as the product itself for

optimum performance. Achieving the recommended forced coverage is,

therefore, imperative.

54

We believe waterproofing your home shouldn't be rocket science. In this

section, read about the various technical terms that have been used, their

meaning and explanation.

1) What is hydrostatic pressure (HPR)?

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure applied by a column of water on the building

structure. In waterproofing language, this pressure is classified as positive side and

negative side hydrostatic pressure. Pressure applied by water on the structure

while trying to penetrate it, is positive side hydrostatic pressure. Pressure applied

by water on the structure while trying to come out of the structure is negative side

hydrostatic pressure.

2) What is the difference between positive side waterproofing and negative

side waterproofing?

Positive side waterproofing: Applying waterproofing material to the side of a

structural element subjected to positive side hydrostatic pressure. More often than

not, it entails stopping the source of water and not allowing water to enter the

structure. Negative side waterproofing: Applying waterproofing to the side of a

structural element opposite the one subjected to negative side hydrostatic

pressure. Mostly, this is done in interior walls and is meant to block the water from

coming out and causing dampness-related problems on the walls.

57

9) What is efflorescence?

Efflorescence occurs on masonry construction when water moving through a wall

or other structure, due to vapor transmission or hydraulic pressure brings salts to

the surface. As the water evaporates, it leaves the salt behind, which forms a

white, fluffy deposit, that can normally be brushed off. The resulting white

deposits are referred to as 'efflorescence'. Efflorescence is also referred to as

'salt petering' or 'lime blooming'. It is not a structural, but rather, an aesthetic

concern and is normally harmless.

10) While waterproofing, why is it recommended to cover an area beyond the

affected portion?

Water generally finds the path of least resistance through the substrate and

affects the topcoat of paint in the form of paint peeling or damp patches. So,

when only the affected area is blocked with an anti-damp coat, the water will try

and find the next available path to reach the surface and start affecting the

portion of the wall immediately next to the treated area. Hence, it is

recommended that when treating an affected area with Damp Block, one should

mark an area of 2 ft. beyond, on all sides for Damp Block application.

5) What is shrinkage in cracks?

When a crack is treated using a crack filling compound, normally an indentation is

observed in the treated area due to evaporation of water. Hence, cracks normally

require multiple coats for bringing them level with the surface. Lesser the solid

content in the crack-filler, greater will be the shrinkage.

6) What is breathability?

Breathability is the ability of the coating to allow the passage of water vapour.

A breathable coating resists liquid water from passing through but allows water

vapour to pass. A non-breathable film results in pressure getting accumulated on

the surface due to water vapour and may eventually lead to the paint giving way

and leading to blistering or bubbling.

7) What is the meaning of the unit ‘bar’?

Bar is the unit of pressure. One bar implies the pressure that will be applied on

a 1 sq.cm area by a water column of 10 meter height.

8) What is the difference between Damp Proofing and Waterproofing?

Waterproofing is defined as the treatment of a structure or surface to prevent the

passage of water under hydrostatic pressure. Damp Proofing is defined as the

treatment of a structure or surface to resist the passage of water in absence of

hydrostatic pressure. Damp Proofing is a temporary solution whereas

Waterproofing is a long term solution.

56

5958

11) Why is it recommended to envelop the entire terrace with Damp Proof

instead of just treating the affected portion?

Since it is the nature of water to find the path of least resistence, it makes its way through

the substrate and affects the topcoat in the form of peeling paint or damp patches. Hence,

more often than not, it is difficult to identify the entry point or source of water due to

which the walls on the interiors get affected. Hence, by enveloping the entire terrace with

Damp Proof, we ensure that all the entry points are blocked and water cannot penetrate

into the substrate.

12) What is the crystalline technology in the new and improved Damp Block?

The conventional concrete matrix has a number of micro cracks, pores and capillary tracts

through which water enters the concrete. The special ingredients in Damp Block react

with water and elements like calcium hydroxide and aluminium to form insoluble crystals.

These crystals fill the voids and cracks and block the passage of water thus making the

concrete waterproof. Normally, these crystals lie dormant but when water reappears, the

crystalline growth is resumed, thus filling up newly formed pores. Though these crystals

block water, they are breathable enough to allow water vapor to pass through, thus

preventing vapor pressure buildup.

With this advanced crystalline technology, Damp Block offers the best-in-class negative

side waterproofing for interior dampness problems.

6160

Notes

waterproofing guide

Documents

exterior walls page

terraces page

shades chajjas page

ceilings page

water tanks sumps page

skirting areas page

smartcare crack seal

parapet walls