Warm-UpWarm-Up

• Describe how the 'Colombian Describe how the 'Colombian Exchange affected both the natives Exchange affected both the natives of the Americas as well as the of the Americas as well as the Europeans.Europeans.

Warm-Up

Colonial America: Colonial America: 1587-17701587-1770

3-1 Early English Settlements3-1 Early English Settlements

England in AmericaEngland in America

• 1558- Queen Elizabeth I 1558- Queen Elizabeth I takes thronetakes throne– Begins to push for English Begins to push for English

colonizationcolonization

• Spain most powerful in Spain most powerful in world… so needed to be world… so needed to be done cautiouslydone cautiously– Hired sailors to attack Hired sailors to attack

Spanish ships while at seaSpanish ships while at sea• Encouraged them to cruise trade Encouraged them to cruise trade

routes and attackroutes and attack

– Spain considered this act of Spain considered this act of “piracy”“piracy”

Why So Powerful?

Sea DogsSea Dogs

• Spain called them piratesSpain called them pirates

• English called them “Sea English called them “Sea Dogs”Dogs”– Sir Francis Drake- most famousSir Francis Drake- most famous

• 1578- attacks Spanish galleon 1578- attacks Spanish galleon FULL of silverFULL of silver

• 1580- he returns to England1580- he returns to England– Spain’s King Phillip II demands he Spain’s King Phillip II demands he

be turned over…be turned over…– Queen Elizabeth “knights” him Queen Elizabeth “knights” him

insteadinstead

– Further attacks on their ships Further attacks on their ships now have Spain ready for now have Spain ready for actionaction

Rrrrrrrrr !Rrrrrrrrr !

Sea Dogs?

““Oh, How the Oh, How the Mighty Mighty Spanish Have Spanish Have Fallen!”Fallen!”• b/c Drake & other Sea Dogs still attacking…b/c Drake & other Sea Dogs still attacking…

– Spain has to act!Spain has to act!•Spain sends 130 ships w/ 3,000 canons and 30,000 Spain sends 130 ships w/ 3,000 canons and 30,000

men to attack England men to attack England

• 1588- Spanish Armada sets out to invade1588- Spanish Armada sets out to invade– English ships smaller and fasterEnglish ships smaller and faster

•English sank most of them, Whoo Hoo!English sank most of them, Whoo Hoo!

•The few that survived… too damaged to be effectiveThe few that survived… too damaged to be effective

• Now England has all the POWER!Now England has all the POWER!

ForeshadowResult

Colony of RoanokeColony of Roanoke• 1578- Queen Elizabeth I 1578- Queen Elizabeth I

issues charter to Sir issues charter to Sir Humphrey Gilbert to start a Humphrey Gilbert to start a colonycolony– But…But…

• Dies on the tripDies on the trip

• 1585- his bro Sir Walter 1585- his bro Sir Walter Raleigh con’t charter w/ 100 Raleigh con’t charter w/ 100 men off coast of N.Carolinamen off coast of N.Carolina– Named Roanoke… Named Roanoke…

• set up camp, fort, and set up camp, fort, and agricultureagriculture

– Most settlers went back to Most settlers went back to England w/ Drake (visiting in England w/ Drake (visiting in 1586)1586)

• 1587- try again w/ 118 1587- try again w/ 118 others others – most knew nothing of setting up most knew nothing of setting up

coloniescolonies

• Set up same place as B4Set up same place as B4– Leader goes back for supplies Leader goes back for supplies

• comes back to deserted comes back to deserted island!!!island!!!

• No one knows or has ever No one knows or has ever found out what happened to found out what happened to “The Lost Colony”“The Lost Colony”– Discourages others from Discourages others from

planning more English coloniesplanning more English colonies

Roanoke?

Charter? & Colony?

Jamestown SettlementJamestown Settlement• 1606- the 1606- the Virginia Company Virginia Company of Londonof London

– Receive charter “to make habitation…”Receive charter “to make habitation…”– Joint-Stock CompanyJoint-Stock Company

• Investors buy stock in exchange for future profitsInvestors buy stock in exchange for future profits

– Dec. 1606- send 144 settlers in 3 shipsDec. 1606- send 144 settlers in 3 ships• Look for gold attempt to trade fish and furLook for gold attempt to trade fish and fur

• 40 die in trip40 die in trip

• April 1607- enter Chesapeake BayApril 1607- enter Chesapeake Bay– Sailed up river (they named ‘Sailed up river (they named ‘James’James’ after King) after King)– Set up settlement named Set up settlement named JamestownJamestown (king)(king)

• Swampy land, mosquitoes w/ diseaseSwampy land, mosquitoes w/ disease

• Colonists not used to hard laborColonists not used to hard labor– Looked for gold and silver instead of growing foodLooked for gold and silver instead of growing food

• Disease and hunger killed mostDisease and hunger killed most– Spring 1608- ships arrive w/ supplies and more Spring 1608- ships arrive w/ supplies and more

settlerssettlers– Only 38 settlers left!!!Only 38 settlers left!!!

Joint-Stock Company?

Captain John SmithCaptain John Smith• Governing the colony was toughGoverning the colony was tough

– Survived 1Survived 1stst 2 years b/c 2 years b/c Capt. John Smith Capt. John Smith took controltook control• Experienced soldier and explorerExperienced soldier and explorer

• Forced settlers to work, & exploreForced settlers to work, & explore

• Managed to get maize from Powhatan nativesManaged to get maize from Powhatan natives

• August 1609- August 1609- – 400 new settlers arrived and Smith 400 new settlers arrived and Smith

returned to Englandreturned to England• w/o leadership, colony fails w/o leadership, colony fails

• Can’t feed that manyCan’t feed that many– ““The Starving Time”The Starving Time”– Begin fighting w/ natives that helped them B4Begin fighting w/ natives that helped them B4

• When they returned, only 60 were left!When they returned, only 60 were left!

Farming the LandFarming the Land• No gold or silver, but find new way to No gold or silver, but find new way to

make $$$make $$$– John RolfeJohn Rolfe

• Brings strain of tobacco from West Indies that Brings strain of tobacco from West Indies that grows extremely well heregrows extremely well here

– Sold in Europe… to rave reviews!Sold in Europe… to rave reviews!– Soon everyone selling it… colony begins to Soon everyone selling it… colony begins to

prosper and growprosper and grow

• Relationship w/ natives improvesRelationship w/ natives improves– Marries Powhatan princess Marries Powhatan princess “Pocahontas”“Pocahontas”– Disney is wrong!!!Disney is wrong!!!

– 1614- some colonists rent land begin 1614- some colonists rent land begin selling crops and making selling crops and making $$$$$$• Encourages them to work harderEncourages them to work harder

• 1000’s of settlers were soon drawn to colony 1000’s of settlers were soon drawn to colony w/ acres of land and dreams of wealthw/ acres of land and dreams of wealth

Why Disney Wrong?

Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government• At first almost all menAt first almost all men

– Worked for Virginia CompanyWorked for Virginia Company• Strict rulesStrict rules

– Began complaining about being Began complaining about being ruled from Londonruled from London

• 1619- company agreed to let 1619- company agreed to let them have some saythem have some say– 10 towns in the colony sent 2 reps, 10 towns in the colony sent 2 reps,

called called burgessesburgesses,, to an assembly to an assembly• July 30, 1619- meet for 1July 30, 1619- meet for 1stst time (House time (House

of Burgesses) of Burgesses)

• Had right to make local laws for colonyHad right to make local laws for colony

Burgess?

New Arrivals in JamestownNew Arrivals in Jamestown• 1619- Virginia Company sends 90 1619- Virginia Company sends 90

womenwomen““Colony can never flourish till families be planted”Colony can never flourish till families be planted”

– Colonists who wanted 1 Colonists who wanted 1 • had to pay fee!!! (120 lbs. of tobacco)had to pay fee!!! (120 lbs. of tobacco)

• 1619- Dutch ship arrives1619- Dutch ship arrives– 20 Africans sold to planters to help in 20 Africans sold to planters to help in

fields & as servantsfields & as servants• 11stst Africans came as indentured servants Africans came as indentured servants

– Became free, some even owned landBecame free, some even owned land

• By 1660’s slavery recognized by law By 1660’s slavery recognized by law

Indentured Servant?

Essential Question-Essential Question-Exit TicketExit Ticket• The early English settlers were saved many The early English settlers were saved many

times… describe at least three (3) ways they times… describe at least three (3) ways they were saved, by whom, and with what.were saved, by whom, and with what.

Exit Ticket