NEED FOR CHURCH REFORM CONFLICT BETWEEN POPE &

EMPEROR

Objectives

Describe how power struggles and rivalry in Italy affected popes and emperors.

Key terms

Concordat of Worms

People

Henry IV Pope Gregory VII Pope Innocent III Frederick Barbarossa

Need for Church Reform

In the early 900’s the Church faced many problems.

Some leading families in Italy saw the Papacy as a political prize.

They plotted and even committed murder to get relatives named as Pope.

How did this effect the Papacy?

This weakened the prestige and moral authority of the Pope.

The Church had lost control over the appointment of bishops.

Bishops were appointed by Kings and lords.

They were selected for political reasons instead for the devotion to Church duties.

Need for Church Reform

Spiritual values declined among the clergy.

Many priest and monks showed more interest in wealth and pleasures than in the Church’s work.

Devoted members of the clergy started to call for reform.

Conflict between Pope and Emperor

Most determined supporter of reform Pope Gregory

Pope’s mission to build a Christian church society on earth

Declared that the emperor’s duty was to obey the Pope

This led to a struggle between Gregory and Henry IV.

Struggle over Authority

Struggle over who appointed the bishops

Gregory says only the church can name the bishops

Henry IV disagrees

Henry writes a letter saying that Gregory was “now not Pope but false monk.”

What does that mean??

The Pope can’t tell him what to do!

What does Gregory Do?

Excommunicates Henry!

So how does this affect Germany?

Frees the German nobles who say that Henry is no longer King . They can take over

Now What, Henry?

Journey to Canossa Henry begs for

forgiveness. Stands in the snow

barefoot for 3 days until Gregory forgives him.

**Concordat of Worms**

Church and Henry reach a compromise

*Henry gave up the right to appoint bishops , but keeps the right to grant lands and political power to the bishops.

Renewed Conflict

Concordat of Worms recognized the church as the supreme authority in spiritual matters.

Did not answer the questions of who had political power.

Still Fighting!!

Pope continues to claim that kings and emperors should answer to the Pope.

Emperors reject these claims and try to capture the northern Italian city-states.

Frederick Barbarossa

Frederick makes 6 expeditions into Italy.

The Italian city-states resist Frederick.

These attacks further weaken the Emperors authority.

Papal Power

Papal power reaches its height under **Innocent III.

He stated that the pope was “lower than God but higher than man, judges all and is judged by no one”

Pope has the right to intervene in the affairs of any kingdom.

Objectives

Describe how power struggles and rivalry in Italy affected popes and emperors.

Kept things in constant chaos. Pope generally won.

Key terms

Concordat of Worms Emperor can give bishops a fief/ the

church gets to appoint the bishops.

People

Henry IV Excommunicated by Gregory Pope Gregory VII Only the Pope could appoint bishops Pope Innocent III Most powerful Medieval Pope /launched

Albigensian crusade to purify the church Frederick Barbarossa Invaded the Italian city-states and

lost/weakened the power of emperors.