22.1 Notes:

Popes and

Rulers

• In the 1000s and 1100s, both the popes and the German emperors claimed authority in Europe.

• During the later Middle Ages, popes and monarchs competed for power.

• In England and France,

strong monarchies emerged.

Key Ideas

Otto’s New EmpireOtto the Great

• Charlemagne’s empire collapsed

• Otto made alliances w/ other Germanic nobles

• 962- Persuaded the pope to name him emperor

A different empire

• Collection of states ruled by princes

• Loyal to Otto/ not under his control

Holy Roman Empire

• Christian orientation

• Claimed power/ unity of ancient Rome

Pope vs. EmperorKing Henry IV & Pope Gregory II

• struggled over who should have the right to appoint bishops.

Pope Gregory • issued rules asserting his

authority over Church and state.Henry • ignored Gregory’s rules• the pope excommunicated him. • To regain his subjects’ support,

traveled to Italy to seek Gregory’s forgiveness.

Concordat of Worms• Pope forgives Henry• Henry marches army to

Rome, forces Pope from the city

The Struggle continues• Finally reach an agreement• Concordat of Worms-

church is only one to appoint bishops

• Emperors give fiefs to bishops

King Henry II Church should obey

King’s authority Royal officials should

NOT be excommunicated

Priests guilty of crimes should be punished in royal courts

Archbishop Thomas Becket Church should be

independent of the state Church should have the

power to excommunicate anyone

Priests should be punished by church court

Church and State

- King Henry appointed Thomas Becket in 1162 to Archbishop of Canterbury (Former allies)- Thought his friend would support him- Struggle leads to Becket excommunicating Henry- Ch 22 My Story- words knights

thought meant to kill Becket- Shrine set up for becket- Canterbury becomes pilgrimage

For many in Christendom

the Murder of Becket

Church Hierarchy

(pg. 656)The Medieval ChurchTitle Ruled over Oversaw…

Pope

Archbishops

Bishops

Priests

The Monarchy’s Growing Power

• Trade increased• King’s wealth/ power

increased (taxes on trade)• Acquired new land

Philip II Augustus

• became known as “King of France” (rather than “King of the Franks”)

• named new officials

• gained power over the church.