Carbon Source Concept MapDirections: Arrange these terms associated with carbon sources in a concept map using a logical sequence

5 Minutes

WARM-UP ACTIVITY

Name: _____________________ Date: ____________ Period: ______

CARBON SOURCES CONCEPT MAP Directions: Arrange the words below concerning carbon sources in

the world using a concept map to the best of your knowledge. Remember, the words should be in a logical and appropriate sequence.

Natural transportation respiration deforestation Coal fossil fuels power generation Volcanoes decomposition landfills natural gas carbon dioxide Anthropogenic methane agriculture oceans crude oil forest fires burning fossil fuels

CARBON SOURCE CONCEPT MAP

DE State Science Standard 1: Nature and Application of Science and Technology: Scientific inquiry involves asking scientifically-oriented

questions, collecting evidence, forming explanations, connecting explanations to scientific knowledge and theory, and communicating and justifying the explanation GLE:

Collect accurate and precise data through the selection and use of tools and technologies appropriate to the investigations. Display and organize data through the use of tables, diagrams, graphs, and other organizers that allow analysis and comparison with known information and allow for replication of results.

Construct logical scientific explanations and present arguments which defend proposed explanations through the use of closely examined evidence

DELAWARE STATE STANDARDS

DE State Standards : STD 8 – Ecology –

Matter needed to sustain life is continually recycled among and between organisms and the environment. Illustrate how elements on Earth cycle among the biotic and

abiotic components of the biosphere

Organisms and their environments are interconnected. Changes in one part of the system will affect other parts of the systemExplain how feedback loops keep ecosystems (at the local and global level) in a state of dynamic equilibrium (e.g., positive and negative feedback loops associated with global climate)

DELAWARE STATE STANDARDS

HS. Human Sustainability HS-ESS3-1 – Construct and explanation based on evidence for

how the availability of natural resources, occurrence of natural hazards, and changes in climate have influenced human activity

HS-ESS3-6 – Use a computational representation to illustrate the relationship among Earth systems and how those relationships are being modified due to human activity Amount of carbon dioxide produced and the amount of carbon

dioxide sequestered

HS-ESS3-4 – Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems Anthropogenic Carbon sequestration

NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS

Concept: Earth’s balance between carbon sources and carbon sinks are influencing atmospheric conditions leading to increases in global temperatures

Essential Question: What would the result be if the oceans transformed from a major carbon dioxide sink into an even larger major carbon dioxide source? Output of CO2 much greater than input of CO2 (acidification, ocean current change, temperature)

CONCEPT/ESSENTIAL QUESTION

CAN YOU NAME SOME OF THE MAJOR NATURAL SOURCES OF CARBON ON EARTH?

Take five minutes and list as many as you can.

NATURAL SOURCES OF CARBON ON EARTH

MAJOR NATURAL SOURCES OF CO2 ON EARTH

Volcanoes Forest Fires-lightning strike Decomposition of organic matter

Oceans Soil

WHAT DOES ANTHROPOGENIC MEAN?

CAN YOU NAME SOME MAJOR SOURCES OF ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES OF CARBON ON EARTH?

Take 5 minutes to list them.

ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES OF CARBON ON EARTH

ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES OF CO2 ON EARTH

Burning of Fossil Fuels Deforestation Agriculture

Carbon dioxide has increased from fossil fuel use in transportation, building heating and cooling and the manufacture of cement and other goods.

Deforestation releases CO2 and reduces its uptake by plants. Carbon dioxide is also released in natural processes such as the decay of plant matter.

HUMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO CARBON EMISSIONS

IPCC

Methane (CH4)has increased as a result of human activities related to agriculture, natural gas distribution and landfills. (rice paddies)

Methane is also released from natural processes that occur, for example, in wetlands, permafrost melting, methane hydrate (oceans)

Methane concentrations are not currently increasing in the atmosphere because growth rates decreased over the last two decades.

Methane is more than 20 times more potent as CO2 as a greenhouse gas.

HUMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO CARBON EMISSIONS

ANTHROPOGENIC GHGS

The size of each piece of the pie represents the amount of warming that each gas is currently causing in the atmosphere as a result of emissions from people's activities. Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Fourth Assessment Report (2007)

HUMAN SOURCES OF GHGS

IPCC

On the same paper with natural and anthropogenic sources of GHGs list the major human sources of CO2 emissions in order from largest source to smallest source by percentage.

WHO KNOWS CARBON DIOXIDE?

Petroleum and natural gas are formed by the anaerobic decomposition (little oxygen) of remains of organisms including phytoplankton and zooplankton that settled to the sea (or lake) bottom in large quantities millions of years ago.

Would this be fast track or slow track cycling?

Over geological time, this organic matter, mixed with mud, got buried under heavy layers of sediment. The resulting high levels of heat and pressure caused the organic matter to chemically alter, first into a waxy material known as kerogen, which is found in oil shales, and then, with more heat, into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in a process known as catagenesis.

U S E n e r g y I n f o r m a t i o n A d m i n i s t r a t i o n

WHAT ARE FOSSIL FUELS

The largest human source of carbon dioxide emissions is from the combustion of fossil fuels. This produces 87% of human carbon dioxide emissions. Burning these fuels releases energy which is most commonly turned into heat, electricity or power for transportation.

Some examples of where they are used are in power plants, cars, planes and industrial facilities. In 2011, fossil fuel use created 33.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide.

GLOBAL USE OF FOSIL FUELS

The 3 types of fossil fuels that are used the most are coal, natural gas and oil.

Coal is responsible for 43% of carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion

36% is produced by oil 20% from natural gas.

FOSSIL FUEL TYPES

WHY SO MUCH FOSSIL FUEL IN US?

The US from 570 million to 70 million years ago

Choose a partner to work withStudy the the paleo-map of the US from 570

million to 70 million years ago, noting the locations of the deep seas, shallow seas, and swamps.

Knowing what you know about the location of crude oil, natural gas, and coal deposits in the US, determine if any correlations exist between the deposit locations and this map.

Write down your groups observations

10 minutes 20 points

CLASSROOM OBSERVATION ACTIVITY

US Carbon Dioxide Emissions, by Source

Al l est imates f rom Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emiss ions and S inks: 1990-2011.

US USE OF FOSSIL FUELS

THE US AND THE WORLD

The United States Represents 5% of the World’s Population but is second in CO2 Emissionsproducing over 19% of all global CO2 emissions – 5902 million metric tons in 2006.

Global CO2 levels last year, 2012, jumped by 2.67 parts per mill ion, which might not sound like a dramatic leap, but it’s the second highest one-year increase since record-keeping began in 1959, surpassed only by the 1998 spike of 2.93 ppm.

Global CO2 emissions grew 3 percent in 2011, and 3.2% in 2012 reaching a record high of 31.6 gigatonnes (Gt).

They expect the amount of CO2 emitted last year by burning fossil fuels grew to 58 percent above the 1990 emissions level.

CO2 emissions grew sharply in 2012 in China, by 9.9 percent, and in India, which recorded a 7.5 percent gain. Emissions from the United States fell by 1.8 percent, and from the European Union by 2.8 percent

Why do you think the emissions grew so rapidly in China and India?

Sc ien t ific Amer i ca , December 3 , 2012

CURRENT GLOBAL LEVELS

In April of this year, 2013, the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere surpassed the 400 ppm marker and was made more troubling as it coincided with new data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), which indicates that global CO2 emissions increased 3.2 percent over the past year, reaching a record high of 31.6 gigatonnes (Gt).

The IEA suggests that the world is now just 1 Gt away from the level at which CO2 emissions must stay if we are to have a 50 percent chance of keeping the rise in global average temperature to 2°C above preindustrial levels.

And most scientists suggest that even a 2°C increase is too high, as some parts of the world—such as the polar regions—would face temperature increases of two-to-three times the global average. -

CURRENT LEVELS OF CARBON DIOXIDE

THE THREAT OF GLOBAL WARMING VIDEO

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Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses.

An estimated 18 million acres (7.3 million hectares) of forest — roughly the size of Panama — are lost each year, according to the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

About half of the world's tropical forests have been cleared (FAO)

Forests currently cover about 30 percent of the world’s land mass (National Geographic)

Forest loss contributes between 12 percent and 17 percent of annual global greenhouse gas emissions (World Resources Institute)

DEFORESTATION

Over half of the world’s forests have been destroyed in the last 10,000 or so years, the majority of this loss has occurred in the last 50 years, occurring simultaneously with a massive increase in the human population.

The incredible scale of this loss has led to significant changes throughout many parts of the world, and in recent years these changes have been accelerating.

These changes include: large scale extinction events, desertification, climatic changes, topsoil loss, flooding, famine, disease outbreaks, and insect ‘plagues’, among others

SOME FACTS ON DEFORESTATION

SOIL EROSION

Deforestation is having a significant effect on the world’s climate and geography. It is one of the primary contributors to modern climate change.

It’s estimated that deforestation currently contributes about 20% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions directly.

Indirectly it contributes significantly by causing carbon dioxide to stay in the atmosphere for longer, rather than being taken up by plants.

An estimated 1.5 billion tons of carbon is released every year by tropical deforestation http://scienceheathen.com/2012/12/13/deforestation-effects-causes-and-examples-top-10-list /

MORE FACTS ON DEFORESTATION

NOT A PRETTY SIGHT!

EXPERIMENTING WITH REFORESTATION VIDEO

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Globally, agriculture accounts for 13% of the radiative forcing (the difference between radiant energy received by the Earth and the energy radiated back into space) related to GHGs;

In Canada and the United States it accounts for 6% to 8%. The GHG emissions in Canada and the United States are mainly in the form of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (IPCC, 007).

Agricultural sources such as animal husbandry, manure management and agricultural soils account for about 52% of global methane (CH4) and 84% of global nitrous oxide (no) emissions

AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE

In the past, deforestation and intensive agriculture (e.g., cultivating grasslands) have contributed significantly to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide

For example, until the 1970s, more CO2 had been released into the atmosphere from agricultural activities than from fossil-fuel burning

AGRICULTURE FACTS

METHANE – CH4

Rice production currently accounts for approximately 13 percent of global methane emissions.Methane is 25 times more potent as CO2 as a greenhouse gas.

Global methane emissions from landfills are estimated to be between 30 and 70 million tons each year. Most of this landfill methane currently comes from developed countries, where the levels of waste tend to be highest.

LANDFILL METHANE

LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY SYSTEM

SOURCES OF METHANE

Topics Covered1. Natural & Anthropogenic Sources of

Carbon2. What fossil fuels are and how they are

used3. US & Global emission levels of carbon

dioxide4. Reasons for locations of fossil fuel

deposits in US5. Effects of deforestation on greenhouse

gas emissions6.Effects of agriculture on greenhouse

gas omissions7. Effects of landfills on greenhouse gas

emissions

CLOSURE

Distribute lab

OCEANIC ABSORPTION/SEQUESTRATION LAB

Describe a world in which oceans have become saturated with carbon dioxide and can no longer absorb CO2 and anthropogenic carbon emissions rise 5% a year.

EXIT TICKET

N a m e : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ D a t e : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ P e r i o d : _ _ _ _ _   C a r b o n S i n k s / S o u r c e s P r e - A s s e s s m e n t D i r e c t i o n s : A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s t o t h e b e s t o f y o u r k n o w l e d g e . R e m e m b e r, y o u a r e n o t e x p e c t e d t o k n o w m o s t o f t h i s m a t e r i a l a t t h i s t i m e .   D e s c r i b e t h e d i ff e r e n c e b e t w e e n a c a r b o n s i n k a n d a c a r b o n s o u r c e a n d g i v e o n e e x a m p l e o f e a c h .     N a m e t h e t w o l a r g e s t a b s o r b e r s ( s i n k s ) o f c a r b o n d i o x i d e o n E a r t h ? B r i e fl y d e s c r i b e h o w t h e y a b s o r b C O 2 .     T h e t e r m a n t h r o p o g e n i c m e a n s : _ _ _ _ a . o c c u r s n a t u r a l l y _ _ _ _ b . o c c u r r e d l o n g a g o _ _ _ _ c . c a u s e d b y h u m a n s _ _ _ _ d . I d o n ’ t k n o w E x p l a i n w h a t 4 0 0 p p m m e a n s ? D e s c r i b e i t s s i g n i fi c a n c e a n d e x p l a i n i t s r e l a t i o n s h i p t o c l i m a t e c h a n g e .     B y c o m b i n i n g C O 2 a n d H 2 O _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ f o r m s . _ _ _ _ a . h y d r o g e n p e r o x i d e _ _ _ _ b . c a r b o n i c a c i d _ _ _ _ c . c a l c i u m c a r b o n a t e _ _ _ _ d . b i - c a r b o n a t e   A g r i c u l t u r e c r e a t e s t o n s o f C O 2 w h i c h c o n t r i b u t e s t o g l o b a l w a r m i n g ? _ _ _ _ Tr u e b . F a l s e _ _ _ _ _     D e s c r i b e t h e t e r m s e q u e s t r a t i o n a n d g i v e a n e x a m p l e o f g e o l o g i c c a r b o n s e q u e s t r a t i o n a n d o c e a n i c c a r b o n s e q u e s t r a t i o n .       A c i d i fi c a t i o n i s t h e p r o c e s s o f o c e a n s b e c o m i n g h i g h e r i n p H d u e t o C O 2 a b s o r p t i o n ? _ _ _ _ Tr u e _ _ _ _ _ b . F a l s e H o w d o e a c i d i fi c a t i o n a ff e c t e c o s y s t e m s . G i v e t h r e e e x a m p l e s .   H o w a r e l a n d fi l l s b o t h s o u r c e s a n d s i n k s o f c a r b o n ? G i v e t h r e e e x a m p l e s .   L i m e s t o n e i s o n e o f t h e l a r g e s t c a r b o n s i n k s o n E a r t h ? _ _ _ _ _ Tr u e _ _ _ _ _ b . F a l s e E x p l a i n t h e p r o c e s s o f c a r b o n s e q u e s t r a t i o n i n l i m e s t o n e .

POST ASSESSMENT

Using the lessons learned on carbon sinks and sources, write a 5 page essay (12-font, double-spaced) on the consequences of unbalanced sequestration of carbon on Earth’s climate, ecosystems, and on human society, including financial liabilities.

ASSESSMENT