Noninvasive Post-Crash Occupant Symptoms Testing and Biometric Monitoring for Car and Emergency Response

Post-Crash Noninvasive Occupant Monitoring for Emergency Response

Kevin Joseph, Dr. Kris KusanoSponsors:National Science Foundation Biomechanics REU

-Introduce myselfName, school, majorWork location, department, Advisors-Simply introduce the title of the project1Background Risk of death decreases by 25% when a seriously injured patient is treated at a trauma center

27% of 1.5 million trauma brain injuries(TBI) go to a trauma center

Car crashes second leading cause of TBI

One solution is occupant monitoring

-Introduce inspiration for projectFollow bulletsBullet 3: second leading cause of TBI-Explain what a trauma center is after bullet 1hospitals with specialized staff to treat trauma and sever injuries2Current Objective: Obtain proper vital signs and medical symptoms in post-crash situations to improve emergency responseOccupant MonitoringAlert car and authoritiesPre-CrashPost-CrashGet vitals to diagnose injuriesUnconsciousSevere InjuryMinor InjuryGet vitals to assist occupantsAlertDisorientedEmergency-Introduce occupant monitoring/overall problemJust the basics: getting vitals-Relate it to cars and crashes-Split into pre and post crash-Current objective3Post-Crash Vital Signs Requirements for a trauma center:Respiratory Rate < 12 pmGlasgow Coma Scale(GCS) < 9Systolic Blood Pressure < 90mmHgAll Vitals of Interest:Respiratory RateWeight and Physical Responsiveness via weightHeart RateGCSBlood Pressure

-Introduce Vital SignsVitals signs describe physical condition

-Vitals necessary for a trauma centerExplain GCS later

-Wanted vitals for the system

-Vitals focused on and why4

System Setup

Vitals AcquisitionAnalysis and DiagnosingGCS TestingPressure Sensor0-Built off of previous system called EMBRIO

-Uses a cars OCS seat sensor called PODS to obtain vitals

-Uses misc. car machines to obtain GSC and symptoms

-Coded Java and MATLAB program to read and analyze data from sensors, a general user interface(GUI), and then diagnose

5

Pressure SignalSignal FilteringLowpass0.1hzLowpass10hzLowpass3hzWeightHeart Rate BreathingRateExtrema TestSlope TestVoltage to Weight ConversionExtrema TestSection TestFast Fourier TestFast Fourier TestRespiratory Rate

24.8|24.8|27.8|22.1|26.6Mean(w/o outliers): 23.7~3s19.92.7s22.02.4s24.8~3s20.324 | 30 | 21.8 | 26.7Mean(w/o outliers): 23.83s202.8s21.82.5s242.8s21.82.5s24

Highest Peak: .04hz.04hz * 60s = 24 (hz * 60s = Rbpm)

PressureTime(s)Time(s)Filtered (>3hz)Raw DataExtrema TestSlope TestFrequency Test (FFT)-show raw data and filteredExplain labelsExplain green=max and red=min

-extrema testFinds local global extrema by skipping misreadingsLooks between peaks and finds time differenceCalculates Rbpm with 60/timeExplain special IQR test to get rid of outliers and then mean

-Sectioned testGets slope every secondDiscards instantanteous changesRest same as extrema

-Frequency TestLooks for peaks below 1hz 7

Heart Rate

1.09s65.71.01s60.366.3|66.4|60.9|61.4|64.9|64.3|58.3Mean(w/o outliers): 63.2Filtered(>10hz)Time(s)Time(s)PressureArea SubtestSlope SubtestExtrema TestRaw DataFrequency Test (FFT)Highest Peak: 1.1Hz1.1hz * 60s = 66(hz * 60s = Hbpm)

-show raw data and filteredExplain labelsExplain green=max and red=min

-extrema testFinds local global extrema by skipping misreadingsLooks between peak 1 and finds time differenceCalculates Hbpm with time * 60Explain special IQR test to get rid of outliers and then mean

-Explain All diagnostic testMention same as extrema test//slope test is timed8Algorithm Features:d

WeightGlasgow Coma ScaleUsed to test the level of traumatic brain injury and consciousnessA score of 3=Unconscious and 15=StableComposed of three sections with different tests and scoresMotor: 1 - 6Verbal: 1 - 5Eye: 1 - 4

-follow bullets

-explain how tests is usually done and some tests10123456MOTORMakes no movementsExtension to painful stimuliAbnormal flexion to painful stimuliFlexion / Withdrawal to painful stimuliLocalizes painful stimuliObeys commandsGCS Testing InterfaceTests motor responsiveness and overall control

Uses car mechanics, including pressure sensor, for testing

Move in seat back and forwardUnbuckle and buckle seatbeltPress button on steering wheel12345EYEDoes not open eyesOpens eyes in response topainful stimuliOpens eyes in response to voiceOpens eyes spontaneouslyVERBALMakes no soundsIncomprehensible soundsUtters inappropriate wordsConfused, disorientedOriented, converses normallyTests eye and verbal responsiveness and control.

Uses a visual prompt and a microphone Visual display first Verbal Prompt if there is no response

Listening

12LimitationsHeart Rate is more inaccurate due to different heartbeats and weak frequency

While weight is a conversion, it has to be calibrated for the exact human weight

GCS is difficult to test autonomously because of painful stimuli.Accurately detects unconscious and stable occupants only because of the lack of many GCS motor tests Has to estimate GCS motor based off other vitals and sensor

ConclusionRespiratory Rate, Weight and Heart Rate can be detected in a car passively/noninvasively without additional sensors

GCS Test still useful since it can determine consciousness with a common standard

Shows promise for being used for post crash injury assessment QUESTIONS?Unconscious TestUnconsciousUndiagnosableConsciousSevere Injury TestExtreme Blood LossHeart Attack/Arrest and StrokeMinor InjuryTraumatic InjuryInternal bleeding/UndiagnosableMinor Injury TestStableUnstableMisdiagnosedUndiagnosableResponsesUnconscious: minimal weight change, GCS Motor = 1, and GCS Total < 7Conscious: occupant used some car machine or major weight change Undiagnosable: no weight (no occupant) on seat

DiagnosesTraumatic Injury: headaches, nausea, and low total GCS or respiratory rate < 12Extreme Blood Loss: major weight drop, increased heart rate variability, and pulse increases. Heart Attack or Stroke: chest/arm pains or headaches, and sporadic vitalsUndiagnosable\Internal Bleeding: if the occupant has left the vehicle or cant get accurate readings

Unstable: pulse not between 60 and 90, weak breaths, hi, and pain or headachesStable: pulse between 60 and 90, respiratory rate > 12, and high total GCS Undiagnosable: no weight in seat, sporadic readings, misdiagnosed 3 timesMisdiagnosed: weight (present occupant) on seat but cant be classified into unstable, stable, or undiagnosable

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Listening

Move in seat back and forwardUnbuckle and buckle seatbeltPress button on steering wheel

-> Chronological order of test ->Referenceshttp://www.ambulancetechnicianstudy.co.uk/unconscious.html#.U9k15_ldUxahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21349628http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-heart-attacks