virtual searches christopher slobogin stephen c. o’connell professor of law university of florida...
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![Page 1: Virtual Searches Christopher Slobogin Stephen C. O’Connell Professor of Law University of Florida Fredric G. Levin College of Law](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022082820/56649e915503460f94b96753/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Virtual Searches
Christopher SloboginStephen C. O’Connell Professor of Law
University of Florida Fredric G. Levin College of Law
![Page 2: Virtual Searches Christopher Slobogin Stephen C. O’Connell Professor of Law University of Florida Fredric G. Levin College of Law](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022082820/56649e915503460f94b96753/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Types of Virtual Searches
• Communications Surveillance– Real-time interception of communications– E.g., wiretapping, bugging, interception of email
• Physical Surveillance– Real-time observation of physical activities– E.g., cameras, thermal imagers
• Transaction Surveillance– Accessing records– Real-time interception of information about transactions
(phone #s)– E.g., use of commercial data brokers (CDBs), pen registers
![Page 3: Virtual Searches Christopher Slobogin Stephen C. O’Connell Professor of Law University of Florida Fredric G. Levin College of Law](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022082820/56649e915503460f94b96753/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Types of Physical Surveillance
• Video surveillance– Of the home– In public (e.g., London, D.C.)
• Tracking (e.g., beepers, cell phones, GPS)• Magnification devices (binoculars, satellites)• Illumination devices (flashlights, Startron)• Detection devices (xrays, thermal imagers)
– Contraband-specific (e.g., dogs)– Weapons-specific (Millitech?)
![Page 4: Virtual Searches Christopher Slobogin Stephen C. O’Connell Professor of Law University of Florida Fredric G. Levin College of Law](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022082820/56649e915503460f94b96753/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Hot Issues
• Surveillance of the Home (Kyllo)– General public use exception – Naked eye exception
• Public Surveillance (Knotts)– Right to Anonymity?– ABA Standard: “reasonable likelihood that a legitimate
law enforcement objective will be achieved”
• Retention and Use of Results• Use of Contraband- & Weapon-Specific Devices
![Page 5: Virtual Searches Christopher Slobogin Stephen C. O’Connell Professor of Law University of Florida Fredric G. Levin College of Law](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022082820/56649e915503460f94b96753/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of Transaction Surveillance
• Accessing already-existing records (e.g., medical, financial, educational) – Subpoenas; National Security letters (relevance)– Use of CDBs like Choicepoint (money)
• Real-time interception of “catalogic” data (e.g., phone #s, email addresses)– Pen registers, trap & trace devices (certification order)– Snoopware (Carnivore/DCS-1000, BackOrifice)
• Target-based surveillance v. event-based surveillance (i.e., “datamining”)
![Page 6: Virtual Searches Christopher Slobogin Stephen C. O’Connell Professor of Law University of Florida Fredric G. Levin College of Law](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022082820/56649e915503460f94b96753/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hot Issues
• Does Constitution apply?– Hale v. Henkel– United States v. Miller
• Should regulation (constitutional or otherwise) depend on the type of record?– Medical, financial, tax records; stored email (probable
cause v. federal statutes requiring mere relevance)– Public records (reasonable suspicion v. Privacy Act)– Catalogic data--logs of phone & ISP companies; credit card
purchases, passenger lists, etc. (relevance v. 0)
• Aggregation concerns