Biology Homework for week of May 2 - 6

Mon Study GuideEvolution & Immunity

Tues Review with Binder, Book or online

WedsDC Meeting

Core 40 Part 1 Lab 123

Th Core 40 Part 2 Lab 123

Fri P Slip Due

Congratulations

Name My pts

Pts Poss.

Tot “My Pts”

TPP Grade

15 Human Origins 20 341

16 Evolution Quiz 49 390

Today’s Goal:

• Reinforce Genetics.

Locate your Core 40 Study Guide.

Today’s Goal:

• Reinforce Genetics.

1. Locate your Core 40 Study Guide.

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Core 40 Test Practice

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Batter Up!Batter Up!

GENETICS Review

DNA, RNA and Protein SynthesisDNA and ProteinsMendel Genetics

Complex Inheritance

Any change in DNA sequences is called a _______.

Question 1

D. translation

C. transcription

B. mutation

A. replication

The answer is B.

IN: 1.24

Which is more serious, a point mutation or a frameshift mutation? Why?

Question 2

Answer

A frameshift mutation is more serious than a point mutation because it disrupts more codons than a point mutation.

IN: 1.24

Two heterozygous gold marigolds are Two heterozygous gold marigolds are crossed. What is the expected phenotypic crossed. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring? Gold is completely ratio of the offspring? Gold is completely dominant over red.dominant over red.

A.A. all redall red

B.B. all goldall gold

C.C. 1 gold : 1 red1 gold : 1 red

D.D. 3 gold : 1 red3 gold : 1 red

A salamander lost a portion of its leg in a A salamander lost a portion of its leg in a fight. What molecule contained all the fight. What molecule contained all the information necessary to make a new leg?information necessary to make a new leg?

A.A. proteinprotein

B.B. DNADNA

C.C. thyminethymine

D.D. lipidlipid

Which of the following statements about Which of the following statements about mutations is true?mutations is true?

A.A. Mutations are always harmful to the Mutations are always harmful to the individual.individual.

B.B. Mutations can be important to the Mutations can be important to the evolution of a species.evolution of a species.

C.C. Mutations that occur in gametes are NOT Mutations that occur in gametes are NOT passed on to future generations.passed on to future generations.

D.D. Mutations that occur in somatic cells are Mutations that occur in somatic cells are passed on to the future generations.passed on to the future generations.

You’ve been hired as a genetic You’ve been hired as a genetic counselor for Bates hospital. Your first counselor for Bates hospital. Your first clients are the parents of a child with clients are the parents of a child with Phenylketonuria, PKU. The PKU gene Phenylketonuria, PKU. The PKU gene is located on chromosome #12. is located on chromosome #12. Individuals with PKU are missing an Individuals with PKU are missing an enzyme needed for metabolism. They enzyme needed for metabolism. They can develop severe mental retardation can develop severe mental retardation if untreated. The parents do NOT have if untreated. The parents do NOT have PKU and neither do their other two PKU and neither do their other two children.children.

The parents want to know how their child got The parents want to know how their child got PKU. Which of the following is the best PKU. Which of the following is the best response?response?

A.A. Both the parents carry 2 alleles for PKU Both the parents carry 2 alleles for PKU which were passed on to the child.which were passed on to the child.

B.B. Both the parents carry 1 allele for PKU Both the parents carry 1 allele for PKU which was passed on to the child.which was passed on to the child.

C.C. One parent carries an allele for PKU which One parent carries an allele for PKU which was passed on to the child.was passed on to the child.

D.D. Neither parent carries an allele for PKU, so Neither parent carries an allele for PKU, so the child must have gotten it some other the child must have gotten it some other way.way.

Which of the following statements about Which of the following statements about PKU is true?PKU is true?

A.A. PKU is caused by the environment.PKU is caused by the environment.

B.B. PKU is a sex-linked disorder.PKU is a sex-linked disorder.

C.C. PKU is a dominant disorder.PKU is a dominant disorder.

D.D. PKU is a recessive disorder.PKU is a recessive disorder.

British scientist Ronald Fisher stated, British scientist Ronald Fisher stated, “Mendelism supplied the missing parts of the “Mendelism supplied the missing parts of the structure erected by Darwin.”structure erected by Darwin.”

Explain what Fisher meant by this…..Explain what Fisher meant by this…..

Mutations that occur in gametes _______.Mutations that occur in gametes _______.

A.A. may be passed to offspring.may be passed to offspring.

B.B. occur during mitosis.occur during mitosis.

C.C. occur during fertilization.occur during fertilization.

D.D. are usually fatal.are usually fatal.

The genetic code is carried in DNA The genetic code is carried in DNA molecules through the sequence of….molecules through the sequence of….

A.A. basesbases

B.B. sugarssugars

C.C. helicaseshelicases

D.D. phosphatesphosphates

Mutations that occur in body cells are Mutations that occur in body cells are passed to……passed to……

A.A. gamete cells.gamete cells.

B.B. somatic cells.somatic cells.

C.C. female offspring.female offspring.

D.D. male offspring.male offspring.

Who is the “Father of Genetics”?

Gregor Mendel

When 2 alleles DON’T BLENDbut BOTH SHOW TOGETHERlike in A B blood type, it is called_______________codominance

Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is called ___________________.

_____________ is the study of how characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next.

heredity

Genetics

__________________ = An allelethat IS MASKED BY the

presence of another allele

RECESSIVE

The appearance of an organism is

its _____________phenotype

Another name for heterozygous

hybrid

The diagram at the rightis called a _____________Punnett square

__________________ = An allele that MASKS the presence of another allele

Red and white flowers producingpink offspring is an example of

_______________________ Codominance incomplete dominance

DOMINANT

Incomplete dominance

A recessive gene is represented by a _________________ letter.lower case

What phenotypic ratio would youexpect to see in offspring from amonohybrid cross of 2 heterozygous parents?

3:1 Dominant:recessive

_______________

are different gene

choices for a trait.

ALLELES

A dominant gene is represented by a ____________ letter.(usually the first letter of the trait)

capital

When a heterozygous individual showsa blending of 2 alleles instead of one being dominant over the other it is called___________ ____________.Incomplete dominance

When both alleles in the pair are the SAME the organism is _______________ or __________

9:3:3:1

HOMOZYGOUS PURE

What phenotype ratio is a cluethat there has been a dihybrid crossbetween 2 heterozygous parents?

R = red flowers r = white flowers

Red

pink

An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT.

An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT.

An Rr organism would have ______________ flowers if this trait was CODOMINANT.

BOTH red & white

What are Mendel’s 2 laws of heredity?

Law of SegregationLaw of Independent Assortment

F1

The offspring of the P1 generationare called the ____ generation

Explain and Give an example of a trait thatshows incomplete dominance

flower color in Four o’clocks

True; Type O is the universal donor

TRUE or FALSEA person with Type O blood couldbe a blood donor for a person withType AB blood.

When both alleles in the pair are DIFFERENT the organism is

_________________ or _____________HETEROZYGOUS HYBRID

monohyridA cross that involves only 1 traitis called a ____________ cross.

T = Tall

t = short

The genotype of the offspring from the

cross at the right is _________.

Their phenotype is _________.

Tttall

Which of the following genotypesis homozygous?

TT Ww Bb rr mm BB Tt

TT rr mm BB

pureAnother name for homozygous is________.

Which of these Punnett squares would you

use to predict the offspring of a DIHYBRID cross?

This one!

In the cross at the

right __________

is dominant for flower color.

red

Tt Mm Rr

Which of the following genotypesis from a heterozygous organism?

Tt SS bb Mm Rr kk

A gene is a segment of _______that codes for a trait.

DNA

meiosis

The Law of Segregation and theLaw of Independent Assortmentare the result of the movement ofchromosomes during ___________

mitosis meiosis

The Punnett square below shows a ___________ cross.

homozygous monohybrid dihybrid testdihybrid

Crossing a red haired horse with a white haired horse produces a roan colored horse.

(Both alleles for hair color show together). This kind of inheritance is called ___________________Co-dominance

What type of genotype is used to make a test cross?

Homozygous recessive

BT bt bT Bt

What type of gametes can this organism produce?

BbTt

______ ______ _______ _______

In guinea pigs, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b).

If a black Guinea pig is crossed witha brownGuinea pig and the littercontains a brown baby, the genotypeof the black parent is probably

BB Bb bb

Bb; Must have one B to be black must have one b to pass on to baby

Which of these Punnett squares would you

use to predict the offspring of a MONOHYBRID cross?

This one!

Crossing individuals from the P1 generation produces the

____ generation.F1

DNAA gene is a segment of ______.

DNA PROTEIN RNA CARBOHYDRATE

L = Blue legs l = yellow legs

Blue

green

An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT.

An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT.

An Rr organism would have ______________ legs if this trait was CODOMINANT.

BOTH Blue & yellow

Crossing individuals from the F1 generation produces the

____ generation.F2

A person with this type of blood could DONATE to Type __________blood A or AB

In a monohybrid cross of twoHETEROZYGOUS parents (Pp), you would

expect the offspring to be:

1 pp:3 PP 3 Pp:1 pp

1 PP:2 Pp:1 pp all Pp

The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous

Heterozygous

If G is dominant for green pods and g is recessive for yellow pods, what percentage of the offspring will have green pods? _______% 75

GG Gg

Gg gg

G gG

g

B b

B

b

The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is _______

bb

The offspring in the blue box is homozygous heterozygous

homozygous

B b

B

b

In guinea pigs black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). The Punnett square for a cross between a HETEROZYGOUS black guinea pig and a PURE brown guinea pig would look like

This is the Correct setup

Heterozygous = BbPure brown = bb

B B

b

b

B b

b

b

B b

B

B

Another name for pure is _________________homozygous

What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring?

(% and color)

Red throats (R) are dominant over white (r)throats in Goonie birds.

Make a cross between a PURE RECESSIVE and a HETEROZYGOUS Goonie bird.

50% red throats 50% white throats

Rr rr

Rr rr

R r

r

r

What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring?

(% and color)

Black eyes (B) are dominant over red eyes (b) in rats.

Make a cross between two HETEROZYGOUS rats.

75 % black eyes 25% red eyes

B b

B b

BB Bb

Bb bb

The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous

Homozygous

If W is dominant for long wings and w is recessive for short wings, what percentage of these offspring will have short wings? _______%

0% only ww makes it short

Who is the “Father of Genetics”?

Gregor Mendel

Which of the following genotypes could be from a HETEROZYGOUS organism?

TT Rr Ww bb XX Ss

Rr Ww Ss

What kind of cross is this?

Pure dominant X pure recessiveHeterozygous X heterozygousHeterozygous X homozygousHybrid recessive X hybrid pure

Heterozygous X Homozygous

Another name for heterozygous is _______________hybrid

What is the probability the offspring will have straight tails?

In Reebops curly tails (T) are dominant over straight tails (t).

Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT and a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE Reebop.

0% All will be Curly tailed (Tt)

Tt Tt

Tt Tt

T T

t

t

What do we call the offspring of the F1 generation?

F2

Which of the following genotypes could be from a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE organism?

TT bb Rr Ww tt XX aa

bb tt aa

A a

A

a

The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is _______ homozygous heterozygous

heterozygous

How many of the offspring from this cross will show the dominant characteristic?

¾ (75%) – AA and Aa

G g

G GG Gg

g gg

G is dominant for green pods.g is recessive for yellow pods.

What is the genotype of the offspring in the shaded box?

Gg

What is the phenotype of the offspring in the shaded box?

Green pods

Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

Genotype determines phenotype Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Genotype is the way the genes make you look. Organisms with different genotypes

can have the same phenotype.

T

T

F

T

Tt and TT both look tall

What are the 3 different kinds of inheritance you learned about?

Dominant/recessiveIncomplete dominanceCo-dominance

Offspring of the P1 generation are called ______

F1

Which of the following crosses would you expect to see a 9:3:3:1 ratio in the offspring?

SSYY X ssyy SsYy X SsYy ssYY X SSyy

SsYy X SsYy9:3:3:1 ratio is seen in dihybrid crosses

What will the offspring be like?

(% and color)

Purple (P)is the dominant color for monsters. Yellow is recessive (p).Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS purple and a yellow monster.

100% purple

Pp Pp

Pp Pp

P P

p

p

What genotype would a PURPLE dad have to be to make a yellow monster baby with a Purple (Pp) mom monster?

P p?

?

pp

Pp

Dad needs to have: a little p to give one to the baby a big P to be purple himself

What process makes mRNA from DNA What process makes mRNA from DNA

A.A. ReplicationReplication

B.B. TranscriptionTranscription

C.C. TranslationTranslation

D.D. MutationsMutations

What process makes What process makes protein from mRNA

A.A. ReplicationReplication

B.B. TranscriptionTranscription

C.C. TranslationTranslation

D.D. MutationsMutations

Each mRNA codon specifies a(n)Each mRNA codon specifies a(n)

A.A. amino acidamino acid

B.B. mutationmutation

C.C. DNA segmentDNA segment

D.D. stop messagestop message