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of Utah

11

Apple

• Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak (1976)• Sold “Apple I” to hobbyists

University

of Utah

22

Apple II

• 6502 processor• 4K memory• BASIC

- by Wozniak- later by Microsoft

http://retrothing.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/05/27/appleii30bday.jpg

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of Utah

33

Apple II

• “Disk II” drive- cheap and small

http://retrothing.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/05/27/appleii30bday.jpg

University

of Utah

44

Apple II

• demo

University

of Utah

55

A Mystery

• Apple II- more expensive than TRS-80 or Commodore

PET TRS-80: $599 PET: $595 Apple II: $1,298

University

of Utah

66

A Mystery

• Apple II- more expensive than TRS-80 or Commodore

PET TRS-80: $599 PET: $595 Apple II: $1,298

• So why did it sell so well?

University

of Utah

77

“Killer App”

• VisiCalc (1979)- World’s very first spreadsheet program- Written for Apple II

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Visicalc.png

University

of Utah

88

“Killer App”

• VisiCalc (1979)- World’s very first spreadsheet program- Written for Apple II

• Software drives hardware sales!!

University

of Utah

99

“Killer App” killed

• Spreadsheet not patented• Competitors:

- Lotus 1-2-3, MultiPlan (Excel)• not optimized for IBM PC hardware

University

of Utah

1010

What’s IBM doing?

• IBM 5100 desktop computer (1975)- $9000

• Falling behind in personal computer market

• “Project Chess”

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of Utah

1111

Chess

• How to design a machine quickly?- Use standardized components!

Intel 8088 chip Altair-like bus Microsoft BASIC ASCII open architecture

University

of Utah

1212

Intel 8088 Family Tree

• 8008 (1972)• 8080 (1974)

- Used by Altair and clones• 8085 (1977)• 8086 (1978)• 8088 (1979)

University

of Utah

1313

Search for an OS

• CP/M : Industry Standard- A twist of fate

• Microsoft offers to provide OS

University

of Utah

1414

Search for an OS

• CP/M : Industry Standard- A twist of fate

• Microsoft offers to provide OS• But Microsoft had no OS to offer!

- Reminiscent of anything?

University

of Utah

1515

Search for an OS

• Seattle Computer Products- Tim Paterson- “QDOS” for 8086 chip- Microsoft buys QDOS for $50,000

Renames it MS-DOS

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of Utah

1616

MS-DOS

• Inspired by CP/M, but not a clone!- COPY vs PIP- File Allocation Table- “Abort, Retry, Fail?”- Subdirectories

University

of Utah

1717

MS-DOS

• IBM version sold as “PC-DOS”• Microsoft retains rights to market it to

others as “MS-DOS”.• WHY???

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of Utah

1818

IBM PC

• Microsoft BASIC in ROM• Cassette drive (standard)• Floppy drive (optional)• 16K or 64K RAM

- expandable to 256K• $1,565

- Sold at retail outlets

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of Utah

1919

IBM PC

• Wildly successful• By 1984, #3 in industry (sort of)

University

of Utah

2020

Gallery

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:IBM_PC_5150.jpg

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of Utah

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Long-term effects

• Standardization- “PC” changes meaning

• Rise of commercial software• Mixed blessing for IBM

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of Utah

2222

Request for Feedback

• Check your email• “Center for Teaching and Learning

Excellence”• Mid-semester course evaluation

University

of Utah

2323

“Test Question”

• On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in.

• (Put your name on it!)