UNIT 10: EVOLUTIONBIOLOGY CP

WARM UP

• Present Day Giraffes are believed to have evolved from ancestors that resembled a horse. There have been different theories about how this could have occurred. The two main ideas are listed on your handout. • Which of these 2 theories do you agree with

most? Explain your position in as much detail as possible.

GALLERY “WALK”• Each group will be given 2 minutes to look at each

of the following diagrams (to be provided by teacher). • For each diagram you need to record one thing

about evolution you know or observe from the diagram. You must also write a question or comment relating to what you want to know about evolution in relation to the diagram. • Pass the given table with the corresponding

diagram to the next group.

  

Group #

  

What do you know?

  

What do you want to know?

  1

   

  

2

   

  

3

   

  

4

   

  5

   

TIMER

http://www.timeanddate.com/timer/

MISCONCEPTION VIDEO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZt1Gn0R22Q

WHO IS THE FATHER OF EVOLUTION?Why, that’s CHARLES DARWIN, of course!!

Darwin on the HMS Beagle

Evolution

A. Darwin’s role1. Naturalist

i. Collect biological and geological specimens

2. Companion to the captain

The Galápagos Islands

Evolution

A. Darwin collected mockingbirds, finches, and other animals on the four islands

1. Noticed different islands seemed to have slightly different varieties of animals

A. Almost every specimen that Darwin had collected on the islands was new to European scientistsB. Populations from the mainland

changed after reaching the Galápagos

• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/darwin/origin/index.html

ADAPTATIONS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-IiP-9VzY9w

DARWIN OBSERVATION GAME

Are you as observant as Charles Darwin?

I have removed an object from the classroom, see if you can determine what has been removed!

WARM UP 1: EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION1. What are fossils?2. What is the geologic time scale?3. When was the origin of the earth?4. Which layer of rock is the oldest, which is

the youngest?

EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION

UNIT 10 EVOLUTION

I. RELATIVE AGES OF ROCKS

A. Law of Superposition1. In horizontal

sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layer is at the bottom

2. Each upper layer (higher layer) is younger than those below

II. FOSSILS A. The fossil record

1. Fossils provide a record of species that lived long ago

2. Fossils show that ancient species share similarities with species that now live on Earth

III. GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

A.Model that expresses major geological and biological events in Earth’s history

B.Divided into Precambrian time and Phanerozoic eon1. Eras of Phanerozoic eon

i. Paleozoicii. Mesozoiciii. Cenozoic

C.Each era1. Divided into one or more periods

IMAGINE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE AS A FOOTBALL FIELD (WE WILL USE THIS LATER)

FOSSIL ROCK ANTHEM

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClJ5lwl_wM0

IV. EMBRYOLOGY

A.Vertebrate embryos1. Exhibit homologous

structures during certain phases of development

2. Become totally different structures in the adult forms

EMBRYOLOGY ACTIVITY

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/guess-embryo.html

• In this activity we will try and determine which adult animal matches an embryo

V. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

A.Derived traits1. Newly evolved features, such as feathers2. Do not appear in the fossils of common

ancestorsB.Ancestral traits

1. More primitive features, such as teeth and tails2. Do appear in ancestral forms

V. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY CONT.C. Homologous structures

1. Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor

E. ANALOGOUS TRAITS

E. Analogous structures 1. that have similar form or function, but were not

present in the last common ancestor of those groups

**** write at bottom of notes

V. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY CONT.D. Vestigial Structures

1.Structures or reduced forms of functional structures (little to no purpose)

GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE ACTIVITY• You and your table partner will be working as

a pair to determine where on the geologic time scale (football field) different events in time are located.• You will be taking turns making a human bar

graph (1 partner at a time will stand on the “football field” and estimate where you think these events occurred.

WARM UP 2: EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION** (Earth= 4.6 billion years old)1. What is the geologic time scale?2. What is a derived trait? Give an example.3. What is an ancestral trait? Give an

example.4. What is the difference between homologous

and analogous structures?

NATURAL SELECTION

I. NATURAL SELECTION

A. Individuals in a population show variationsB. Variations can be inheritedC. Organisms have more offspring than can

survive on available resourcesD.Variations that increase reproductive

success will have a greater chance of being passed on

II. VARIATIONS

A. Variation: any difference between individuals of the same species

III. TYPES OF ADAPTATIONSA. Adaption

1. Trait shaped by natural selection2. Increases an organism’s reproductive success

B. Types1. Camouflage2. Mimicry3. Other coloration patterns

IV. FITNESS

A. Fitness1. Measure of relative contribution an individual

trait makes to the next generation

MICE VIDEO

http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/making-fittest-natural-selection-and-adaptation

WARM UP 3: ANGRY BIRD LAB1. What was the variation seen in the Angry birds?2. Which bird was best fit for the environment (think about the

adaptations)? As stated in the lab, many people think that adapting to the environment and evolving are a choice. Based on this lab, were you able to change or adapt by choice? 

3. What happened to the birds that were not able to get enough food (2 or less seeds)?

4. What happened to the animals that were able to get a lot of food  (10 or more seeds)?

5. How does this affect the future population?

** Have vocab and angry bird out and ready!!

TYPES OF SELECTIONEVOLUTION

I. IMPORTANT TERMS

A. Frequency1. How often something is occurring

B. Mean1. Average

THINK ABOUTDoes Natural Selection act on the individual or the population?

II. SEXUAL SELECTION

A. evolution within a population1. observable change in the allele frequencies 2. can result from natural selection

III. NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

A. graphs as a bell-shaped curve.1. highest frequency near mean value2. frequencies decrease toward each extreme value

B. A population follows a normal distribution when:1. Traits not undergoing natural selection have a

normal distribution.

IV. TYPES OF SELECTION

A. Directional selection favors phenotypes at one extreme.1. Ex. Bacteria and high drug resistance

IV. TYPES OF SELECTION

A. Stabilizing selection favors the intermediate phenotype.1. Ex. Size of gall fly

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

How might the extinction of the woodpecker affect the phenotypic distribution of the gall fly?

IV. TYPES OF SELECTION

C. Disruptive selection favors both extreme phenotypes.

1. Ex. Body color in male lazuli buntings

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

If bluish brown coloring became advantageous for young males, what type of selection would likely occur?

WARM UP 4: TYPES OF SELECTION1. Describe an organism and the environment it

lives in.2. What is one trait that natural selection works

upon in this organism? What is doing the selecting ex: predator or temperature (basically, what is causing these organisms to be successful or die off)?

3. What type of selection distribution is occurring?4. Draw out a graph of the selection distribution for

your organism.

I. GENETIC DRIFT

A. change in allele frequencies due to chance, causes a loss of genetic diversity.

B. How it works1. It is most common in small populations.2. Due to a chance event allele frequencies are

increased, decreased, or even eliminated

I. GENETIC DRIFTA.Genetic drift has negative effects on a

population.1. Decreases genetic variation2. Less likely to have some individuals

that can adapt 3. Harmful alleles can become more

common due to chance

SURVIVAL OF THE SEXIEST

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ezc3aO4RSk

II. SEXUAL SELECTION

A. occurs when certain traits increase mating success and become common in the population

B. How it works1. Females preferentially mate with males that

display certain traits2. Those traits are passed on to offspring and

become exaggerated each generation.

SAGE GROUSE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KdOvNSDxws

II. SEXUAL SELECTIONC. There are two types of sexual selection.

1. intrasexual selection: competition among males

2. intersexual selection: males display certain traits to females

SEXUAL SELECTION DOCUMENTARYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4j7GSu99LmY

WARM UP 5: GENETIC DRIFT/ SEXUAL SELECTION1. What are the 2 types of sexual selection?2. In sexual selection why do males have the exaggerated

traits and not females?3. What is genetic drift?4. Genetic drift decrease ___________ _________5. Genetic drift usually occurs in these types of populations.

** Turn in make your own species

SPECIATION

I. SPECIATION

A. The rise of two or more species from one existing species1. Isolated populations

adapt to their own environmentsa. Isolated = no gene flow

2. Genetic differences can add up over generations to make new species

II. TYPES OF ISOLATION

A.Reproductive isolation1.members of different

populations cannot mate successfully

2.final step to becoming separate species

II. TYPES OF ISOLATIONB. Behavioral isolation

1.Differences in courtship or mating behaviors prevents reproduction between populationsa.Examples: 1.Firefly and light patterns2.Bird dances3.Whale songs

BEHAVIORAL ISOLATION

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nS1tEnfkk6M

II. TYPES OF ISOLATION

C. Geographic Isolation1.physical barriers divide a

population into two or more groupsa.Example: Isthmus of

Panama separating Pacific and Atlantic Oceans

GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDPsZPKSEFg

II. TYPES OF ISOLATION

D. Temporal Isolation1.timing of reproductive periods or

courtship prevents reproduction between populationsa.Example: Different

flowering/pollination times in plants

BILL NYE, ANYONE?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svHQ4BQY__o