biology unit 7 evolution evidence for evolution notes
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 7: Evidence
for Evolution
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(1) Beginning Ideas…
• Living things adapt to their environment to survive.
• All living things have similarities to one another.
• Living things rely on resources to survive.
• The traits living things have, allow them to survive during times of famine/disease/change.
• The earth has changed several times over millions of years.
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(2) Darwin
• Biologist during the 1800’s.
• He noticed that:– Organisms have unique body structures,
adapted to their living environment.– Different types of organisms still function
similarly, and/or have similar body parts.– Populations are very diverse. Some animals are
better suited to survive than others.
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(3) Lamarck
• Biologist/Naturalist during 1800’s (along with Darwin).
• He thought that:– Animals just magically grew body parts to adapt
to their environment.– That when animals make changes to
themselves, they can pass on those changes to their offspring.
– He was WRONG!!
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(4) Types of Evidence…
• Fossil Records
• Comparative Anatomy
• Biogeography
• Carbon dating and chemical composition
• Embryology
• DNA / Genetics
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(5) Comparative Anatomy
• By looking at fossils scientists can:– Identify species which are extinct.– Understand how and when certain anatomical
features developed, and in which types of environments.
• Scientists can look at the skeletal structure of different types of animals and…– Look at similarities in body part development,
position and structure.– Look at differences and consider causes.
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(6) Types of Body Structures
• Homologous Structures Features in the body part that are similar between different types of animals, because they all evolved over time from one common ancestor.
• Analogous Structures Features in the body part that are similar between different types of animals, because they evolved in similar environments.
• Vestigial Structures Features in the body part, found between different animals, but no longer have functions. (Proving a connection to a common ancestor.)
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