U. S. Marines Used to Suppress Dominican Freedom Movement

THE

MILITANTPublished in the Interests o f the W ork ing People

V o l. 29 - No. 19 M o nd ay , M a y 10, 1965 P r ic e 10c

Socialists Assail Johnson For Dominican Intervention

T he fo l lo w in g s ta tem en t was issued M ay 3 b y th e P o lit ic a l C o m m itte e o f th e S oc ia lis t W orke rs P a rty :

T h e invas ion o f th e D o m in ica n R epub lic b y U . S. M arines and pa ra troopers m a rks a dangerous new stage in W ash ing ton ’s d r iv e to c rush by fo rce o f a rm s any e ffo rts by people o f sm a lle r nations to r id them selves o f th e ir oppressors. U . S. troops are n o t be ing pou red in to Santo D om ingo by the thousands to “ save liv e s ” as Johnson h y p o c r it ic a lly pre tends. T hey a re th e re to suppress a le g itim a te , p o p u la r re vo lu tio n . A s th e y d id in the Congo and as they a re d o ing in V ie tn a m , U . S. forces are f ig h t in g to im pose on the people a hated d ic ta to r ia l reg im e to be c o n tro lle d fro m W ash ing ton.

In o rd e r in g th is la te s t act o f m il i ta r y aggression, Johnson con tem p tuous ly d isregarded th e O rg a n iza tio n o f A m e rica n States. T h is fro n t o rg a n iza tio n fo r U . S. im p e ria lis m was in fo rm e d a fte r the fa c t and then o n ly so i t cou ld p ro v id e a lega l f ig le a f fo r the cyn ica l v io la t io n o f th e O AS c h a rte r w h ic h is supposed to ba r m il i ta r y occupations fo r any reason w ha teve r.

In ta k in g th is course the Johnson a d m in is tra tio n has made i t p la in th a t th e days o f ta lk abou t in te r-A m e r ic a n “ co -ope ra tion ” and an “ A ll ia n c e fo r P rogress” a re o ve r and th a t even the p re ­tense o f concern fo r socia l re fo rm is -com ing to an end F ro m now on a n y serious m ovem ent fo r so c ia l re fo rm faces th e th re a t o f d ire c t U . S. a ttack.

T he occupation Of the D om in ican R epub lic p rov ides a d a n ­gerous new base fo r m i l i ta r y aggression aga inst Cuba and the rest o f L a t in A m erica . A n d th e th re a t is n o t a te m p o ra ry one. T h e D om in ican occupation w i l l n o t be s h o rt- liv e d . T he b ru ta lly oppressed people o f th a t c o u n try are de te rm ined to w in th e ir freedom and as lo n g as th e re is a spa rk o f s tru g g le am ong them the U . S. forces w i l l seek to rem a in to stam p i t out.

Johnson’s u g ly M c C a rth y ite con ten tion th a t the M arines are the re to th w a r t an “ in te rn a tio n a l consp iracy” also has om inous im p lic a tio n s fo r the A m e rica n people. M cC a rth y ism cannot be e xpo rted in th is m anner w ith o u t a p a ra lle l deve lopm ent o f i t a t home. T he c u rre n t a d m in is tra tio n e ffo rts to w itc h h u n t and gag its c r it ic s can be expected to in te n s ify .

F o r a l l o f these reasons i t is c ru c ia l th a t th e strongest pos­s ib le dem and be m ade fo r the im m ed ia te w ith d ra w a l o f a l l U . S. forces fro m th e D o m in ica n R epub lic . L e t the D om in ican people r id them selves o f d ic ta to rs h ip w ith o u t in te rfe re n ce fro m the U . S.

B y H a r ry R ingM A Y 4 — P res iden t Johnson’s

c la im th a t U . S. m il ita ry forces are in the D om in ican R epub lic to bar a “ C om m unist takeover” bo rrow s fro m the b ig - lie techn ique o f the la te A do lp h H it le r . Respected, a n ti-C o m m u n is t U . S. newsm en on the scene have te s tifie d th a t i t is a lie .

F rom the m om ent he decided to invade the D om in ican R epub lic Johnson w o rked fe ve rish ly to de­ce ive A m e rica n and w o rld op in ion abou t the rea l reasons fo r th is act o f naked aggression. T he o rig in a l c la im th a t the M arines w e re being sent in o n ly to p ro te c t A m erican lives was a cover s to ry fo r a mas­s ive m il ita ry m ob iliza tio n th a t cou ld n o t have been carried th rou gh w ith such d ispa tch unless the e n tire opera tion was planned and ordered a t the v e ry outset.

A n d once the evacuation o f A m ericans was com pleted, John ­son needed smother cover s to ry to ju s t i fy keep ing U . S. forces there. T h a t was when he discovered tha t the D om in ican m ovem ent to re ­store con s titu tio n a l ru le was a “ C om m unis t conspiracy. ”

Johnson’s action is c r im in a l from e ve ry v ie w p o in t. I t is one m ore act o f w a r launched w ith o u t the consent o f the people. I t v io la tes eve ry basic tenet o f in te rna tiona l la w . Even i f the o r ig in a l c la im ed purpose o f the in te rv e n tio n was a tru e one, the re is no ju s tif ic a tio n fo r it . As F id e l Castro po in ted out, the re are A m e rica n citizens in eve ry L a t in A m e rica n country . Does the D om in ican action now m ean th a t w h e re ve r the re is a d is tu rbance the U . S. has the r ig h t to send in an invas ion fo rce to “ pro tect A m e rica n lives? ”

No J u s tif ic a tio nN or is the re any lega l o r m ora l

ju s t if ic a t io n fo r such an ac t o f w a r on the grounds o f th w a rtin g a “ C om m unis t” revo lu tio n . W h a t pow er — besides the po w e r o f its a rm s — gives the U n ite d States the r ig h t to de te rm ine w h a t fo rm o f governm ent the people o f o ther countries m ay o r m ay no t have? Johnson’s be llicose decla ra tion th a t the U n ite d States w i l l not p e rm it a C om m unis t re v o lu tio n in the W estern hem isphere is an a r­rogan t dec la ra tion to the people o f the A m ericas th a t U . S. m il ita ry m ig h t w i l l be used to destroy any c la im on th e ir p a rt to independ­ence and se lf-de term ination .

Johnson and h is ly in g UN m outhpiece Stevenson shamelessly

P R O T E S T U . S. IN T E R V E N T IO N . M o re th an 300 D o m in ican resi- dents in N e w Y o rk p icketed a t th e U n ited N ations A p r i l 29 in protest against th e sending o f U . S. M arin es to th e ir hom eland. M ost o f th e dem onstrators w e re supporters o f deposed D o m in ican P resident Ju an Bosch.

assert th a t the D om in ican people are be ing m an ipu la ted b y “ Cuban agents” and th a t th e ir re vo lu ­t io n a ry s trugg le is “ C astro ite . ” T hey cannot produce a single shred o f evidence to sup po rt the “ C uban agent” c la im . A n d as fa r as the charge th a t the re vo lu tion is C astro ite is concerned, i t w o u ld be a good th in g fo r the D om in ican people i f th a t w ere the fac t. The hunger, disease, il lite ra c y , d is­c r im in a tio n and to ta lita r ia n ru le th a t D om in icans have su ffe red so lo ng w ere also su ffe red b y the C uban people. B u t the Cubans abolished these e v ils w ith th e ir “ C astro ite ” re vo lu tio n and the D om in icans cou ld do the same. A n d i t w o u ld be th e ir absolute r ig h t to do so.

B u t the fa c t is th a t th is is no t the na tu re o f the D om in ican s tru g ­gle. W h a t has happened in the D om in ican R epub lic is s im p ly th a t the people rose up against the m il ita ry d ic ta to rsh ip w h ic h over­th re w the d u ly elected reg im e of P res iden t Juan Bosch and are seeking the resto ra tion o f constitu ­t io n a l governm ent arid a re tu rn o f Bosch to o ffice . A n e d ito r ia l in

Framed-Up Negro Still Faces ChairB y D a v id H e rm a n

N E W Y O R K , M ay 3 — The la t­est rou nd in the ba ttle o f N ew Y o rk ’s po lice , cou rts and p o lit ic a l a d m in is tra tio n to fram e George W h itm o re , ended indec is ive ly . A m is tr ia l was declared A p r i l 30 w hen the ju r y fa ile d to reach a unan im ous v e rd ic t a fte r the three- w eek t r ia l o f W h itm o re fo r the m u rd e r o f M in n ie Edmonds, a 46- y e a r-o ld w om an in B ro o k lyn . Po­lice beat “ confessions” to th ree c rim es fro m the 20 -yea r-o ld N e­gro.

T h e discussion in the ju r y room revo lved abou t W h itm o re ’s con­fession in the W y lie -H o ffe r t m ur- d e rc a s e . In h is in c re d ib le charge to the ju ry , the judge in e ffe c t in ­structed',, them to ig no re the fac t th a t the W y lie -H o ffe r t “ confes­s ion” had been proved fa lse and th a t ano the r m an, R icha rd Robles, had been ja ile d fo r the crim e. D is ­t r ic t A tto rn e y Hogan had d e lib - e ra te d ly re fused to quash the W y lie -H o ffe r t in d ic tm e n t against W h itm o re , so as no t to weaken the prosecution in the Edmonds case.

A cco rd ing to the fo rem an o f the hung ju ry , H a ro ld H acker, the ju r y knew th a t W h itm o re had confessed to the W y lie -H o ffe rt m u rde r, b u t ne ve r kn e w the con­fession had been d iscred ited . They k n e w th a t ano the r person had been ind ic ted , b u t assumed th a t person was an accom plice o f W hitm ore .

T h is , o f course, was no t the case. N o connection between W h itm o re and Robles has ever been sug­gested. Hogan made c lea r he had no in te n tio n o f p rosecu ting W h it­m ore, b u t le f t the in d ic tm e n t pend­in g in o rd e r to confuse the ju ry in the Edm onds case.

“ Im p ro p e r” Evidence

The confused ju r y asked Justice R in a ld i w h e the r i t was “ p ro p e r” to consider the co u rt tes tim ony re la tin g to the W y lie -H o ffe r t con­fession and the in d ic tm e n t o f Robles. R in a ld i ru le d th a t they shou ld igno re the in d ic tm e n ts , the in ves tig a tion m ade b y H ogan o f the W y lie -H o ffe r t confession, and e v e ry th in g else abou t the W y lie - H o ffe r t case.

T he fa c t th a t bo th confessions w ere obta ined b y the same detec­tives, d u r in g the same “ in te rro g a ­tion , ” was ap p a re n tly considered ir re le v a n t by the judge.

W h itm o re ’s troub les began over an a ltoge the r d iffe re n t charge. He was p icked up fo r question ing as a presum ed w itness to an a t­tem pted rape o f M rs. E lb a Bor- re ro in B ro o k ly n on A p r i l 23, 1964. Police beat a confession to th is c rim e ou t o f W h itm ore . A p ­p a re n tly , the y decided to c lean up a fe w loose ends w h ile the y were a t i t and had W h itm o re confess to the Edm onds m u rd e r th a t had oc­c u rre d n ine days p re v io u s ly and to the s lay ing o f Jan ice W y lie and E m ily H o ffe r t in M an ha ttan ’s upper East Side in 1963.

W h itm o re was convic ted o f the a ttem pted rape, b u t the v e rd ic t was th ro w n o u t because o f a p re ­ju d ice d ju ry . N ow , a fte r a year spent in ja i l , he is back w here he s ta rted fro m — w ith no convic­tions, b u t fa c in g three ind ic tm ents .

C lif to n D e B e rry , S oc ia lis t W o rk ­ers P a rty candidate fo r m a yo r o f N e w Y o rk C ity , declared today

th a t the fra m e -u p o f W h itm o re and w h a t i t revealed abou t the m ethods o f the po lice and ad m in ­is tra tio n o f N ew Y o rk C ity w ou ld be one o f the issues o f the elec­t io n cam paign.

“ The w ho le p o lit ic a l s tru c tu re o f the c ity , M a yo r W agner on down, fears to le t W h itm o re , an in no ­cent man, go because i t w o u ld e x ­pose the fra m e -u p m ethod th a t the po lice re g u la r ly use to ‘so lve ’ th e ir cases, ” said D e B erry . “ The fa c t th a t W h itm o re is b lack and a so-ca lled ‘d r i f te r ’ is no accident. I t is such people w ho can be most eas ily fram ed in th is rac is t c ity .

“ M a yo r W agner is responsib le fo r th is in jus tice . One w o rd fro m h im , and the w ho le th in g w o u ld be dropped. B u t u n t i l people re a l­ize th is , and organize p o lit ic a lly against the Dem ocrats and Re­publicans, po lice fram e-ups and b ru ta li ty w i l l con tinue , ” the m a y o ra lty candidate concluded.

the A p r i l 26 Santo D om ingo d a ily , L is t in D ia r io , declared the m ove­m en t “ a re tu rn to con s titu tio n a l gove rnm en t” w h ic h i t supported.

The D om in ican Social C h ris tia n P a rty ha ile d the rem ova l o f the m il i ta r y tr iu m v ira te and the mass dem onstra tions in sup po rt o f re ­s to ra tio n o f con s titu tio n a l ru le anti declared: “ T he p a r ty expresses its congra tu la tions to th e hon e s t so l­d ie rs W ho fo u g h t '‘on the side o f the people to m ake the ju s tic e o f free men p re v a il. . . ”

The D om in ican Associa tion o f La w ye rs issued a m an ifes to de­c la r in g its f u l l sup po rt o f the m ovem ent and ca lled on o the r pro fessiona l associations to do likew ise , dec la ring : "T h is p a tr io t ic s trugg le means fo r the D om in ican people the com ple te reconquest o f its sovere ignty, d ig n ity and the free exercise o f its r ig h ts . ”

M cC a rth y ite ChargeU . S. propagandists have tr ie d to

re b u t the facts o f the s itua tion w ith the assertion th a t w h ile the m ovem ent a d m itte d ly began as a con s titu tio n a l one, i t has been “ taken o v e r” by Com m unists. C om m enting on th is assertion in a M ay 3 d ispatch fro m Santo D om ingo, N ew Y o rk T imes cor­respondent T ad Szulc o ffe re d th is d e lica te ly w orded observa tion:

“ Th is, how ever, is a con tro ve r­s ia l po in t. T he rebels deny i t and some com petent A m ericans p r i­v a te ly take exception to so sweep­in g a v ie w o f the s itu a tio n . ”

T h is does n o t mean, however, th a t the re isn ’ t a rea l e lem ent o f fea r o f “ C om m unism ” in the th in k ­in g o f Johnson and his cohorts. In a M ay 1 W ash ing ton d ispa tch to the N ew Y o rk T im es, M a x F ra n ke l p u t i t th is w a y : “ W ith the m em ory o f F id e l C astro ’s tra n s fo rm a tio n fro m le ft-w in g re fo rm e r to out: r ig h t C om m un is t in Cuba h a u n tin g

(C ontinued on Page 5)

N E W Y O R K , M ay 4 — The W y lie -H o ffe rt m u rd e r in d ic tm e n t against George W h itm o re was dropped today.

M ore on D o m in ic an Crisis

C astro F la ys U . S. P . 2

T h e B a c k g ro u n d P . 3

E yew itness R e p o r t P . 5

N ew York V ic tim iza tio n Continues

Page Two T H E M IL IT A N T M onday, M a y 10, 1965

Castro Flays Attack on Dominicans. . . R e fus ing to go along. >with the fo u r-m o n th extension o f the n a ­t io n a l steel con tract, n e a r ly 3, 000 m em bers o f Lo ca l 2243, U n ite d S tee lw orkers o f A m erica , w e n t on s t r ik e ’ M a y 1 against the Copper- w d ld S teel C om pany in W arren , O h io . ’ •

A n o th e r s tr ik e in H a rvey , 111., saw 300 s tee lw orkers close a local p la n t o f B liss and L a u g h lin the same day. In th is s tr ike , however, th e issue was the re fusa l o f the com pany to accept the extended con trac t.

T he steel u n io n ’s na tio n a l nego­t ia to rs agreed to extend th e con­t ra c t fo u r m onths beyond the M ay 1 e x p ira tio n da te in re tu rn fo r an agreem ent b y m a jo r steel com­panies to p lace 11. 5 cents an ho u r in to a fu n d to be h e ld in escrow. T h is fu n d w i l l be p a r t o f the f in a l se ttle m e n t on a n e w agreement.

I t m ay take q u ite a w h ile fo r s tee l un io n m em bers to see any k in d o f im p rovem e n t in a new con tra c t because a fte r th e fo u r m on ths th e re is a p o s s ib ility o f an o the r extension i f th e gove rn ­m e n t invokes the 80-day n o -s tr ik e p ro v is io ns o f the T a ft-H a r t le y A c t. T h a t w o u ld m ean a to ta l e x ­tens ion o f seven m onths on the o ld con tract. In the m eantim e, the s tee lw o rke rs w i l l n o t see the 11. 5-

Weekly CalendarA D RATES

T ii» ro t» fo r a d v e r t is in g in th is c o l­um n is 4 0 c ents a lin e . D isp lay ads o r $2 a co lum n inch . There is a te n p e r cen t d isco u n t fo r re g u la r advertise rs. A d v e rt is in g m ust re ach us b y th e M o n ­d a y p r io r t o th e d a te o f p u b lic a tio n .

BO S TO NC A N A N A TIV E B O R N C IT IZ E N BE

DEPORTED? H e a r J o e Johnson o f theS o c ia lis t W o rke rs P a rty te ll o f th e a t ­ta c k on his r ig h t o f c itizen sh ip . Fri., M a y 14, 8 p . m. Rm. 307, 295 H u n tin g ­to n A v e . (o n e b lock fro m Mass. A v e . ) C o n tr ib . 50c. A u sp . M i l i ta n t L a b o r Fo­rum .

•C H IC A G O

STUDENT A C T IO N O N C H IC A G O C A M P U S E S : A Sym posium . S tu d e n t le a d ­ers fro m fiv e C h ic a g o co lleges re p o rt. F ri., M a y 14, 8 p . m . 302 South C ana l S t. A u sp . F rid a y N ig h t S o c ia lis t Forum.

•DETROIT

IN DEFENSE O F B L O O M IN G T O N STUDENTS. Speakers: J im B ingham , one o f th re e d e fe n d a n ts ; Ernest M azey, ex­e c u tiv e d ire c to r , M ic h ig a n A C L U ; R ich­a rd G o o d m an , a tto rn e y ; P ro f. H e n ry H e rrm a n n , W a y n e S ta te U. F ri., M ay 14, 8 p . m . 3737 W o o d w a rd , A u sp . F ri­d a y N ig h t S o c ia lis t Forum.

•LO S A N G E LE S

O P E N H O U S E . Tape re c o rd in g o f J a r . 19 65 speech b y M A L C O L M X. Fri., M a y 14, 8 : 30 p . m . 1702 E. 4 th St. A usp . M i l i ta n t Lab o r Forum.

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IF W E M U S T LIVE. The s to ry o f M o n ­ro e , N .C . A th re e -a c t p la y p resen ted by th e T o u r in g A r t is t G ro u p . Fri., M a y 21, 8 : 15 p . m. H o ld th e d a te ope n . For tic k e ts co ll A N 9-4953 o r W E 5-9238.

•N E W Y O R K

RENT -STRIK ES: a sym posium w ith Jesse A lle n , N ew ark C o m m u n ity Union . P ro je c t; M a jo r Owens, re n t-s trike o rg a n ­izer, B rooklyn C O R E ; M a jo r W illia m s , d ire c to r , H a rle m C o m m u n ity C o u n c il on H o u s in g : Ted Velez, East H a rle m Tenants CouRCil. Fri., M a y 14, 8 : 30 p . m. 116 U n iv e rs ity PI. C o n tr ib . $1. A u sp . M ili ta n t L a b o r Forum .

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T H E D O M IN IC A N R E V O L U T IO N , aspec ia l re p o r t b y P e te r C am e jo , n o t ! sec., Y oung S o c ia lis t A llia n c e , jus t back fro m P uerto R ico w here he in te rv ie w e d D om in ica n re vo lu tio na ries . Sat., M a y 15, 8 : 30 p . m. 116 U n iv e rs ity PI. C o n tr ib . $ I. A u s p . Y oung S o c ia lis t A llia n c e .

•P U B L IC A T IO N S

U N I O N . . A N D L A B O R . . SPEAKERS' H A N D B O O K fo r m ore pay, b e t te r con ­d it io n s , a nd fu l l em p loym e n t. $2 each (b o u n d cop ies $2. 5 0 ) . O rd e r fro m Bale Press, Bala, N o rth W a les , U n ite d K in g ­dom .

cen t escrow increase, and ju s t how m uch o f i t w i l l e ve n tu a lly be pa id in wages is n o t decided. - -

O ne o f the factors th a t has com­p lica ted negotiations, w h ic h w i l l resum e on M ay 18, is the outcom e o f the e lection fo r un io n president. A lth o u g h un io n te lle rs announced A p r i l 30, th a t I . W . A b e l had beaten D a v id M cD ona ld b y 10, 000 votes, the la tte r announced th a t he is cha lleng ing the outcom e th rou gh the U . S. L a b o r D epartm ent. T h is cha llenge cou ld fu r th e r d is ru p t nego tia tions in the days ahead.

In the m eantim e, A b e l’s re p o rt­ed v ic to ry pu ts h im on th e spot as fa r as h is m ost m il ita n t ra n k and f i le supporte rs are concerned. So fa r, nego tia tions un de r M c­D o na ld ’s leadersh ip have n o t in ­c luded dem ands th a t correspond to the g ro w in g resen tm en t o f ra n k and f i le w o rke rs opposed to d e te rio ra tin g o n -th e - jo b cond i­tions. In ad d ition , he has dropped f ro m negotia tions th e dem and o f 3 2 -fo r-40 (sh o rte r w o rk w eek w ith no loss in p a y ), w h ic h is f in d in g increas ing support. F irs t th is c ru ­c ia l dem and was de fo rm ed in to a 3 2 -hou r w eek w ith no loss in pay e ve ry fo u rth w eek, and then even th is w a te red -dow n dem and disap­peared f ro m negotiations.

I t was p rec ise ly M cD ona ld ’s past record o f ig n o rin g these le g itim a te demands w h ile keep ing a t ig h t bu rea ucra tic l id on the asp ira tions o f w o rk in g un ion m em bers th a t w o n so m uch sup­p o rt fo r A be l. A s a m a tte r o f fa c t one o f A b e l’s m ost te ll in g cam ­pa ign demands was fo r greater ra n k and f i le democracy.

A be l has not, how ever, ob jected to the extended con tra c t n o r has he p u b lic ly in tro du ced in to nego­tia tio ns any basic so lu tions to the m ou n tin g loca l grievances o f steel w orkers.

I t is q u ite possible, however, th a t m ilita n ts in the steel un ion w i l l take advantage o f the ex tend ­ed nego tia tions and the discussion i t w i l l keep a liv e a t th e loca l le ve l to con tinue to push 30-fo r-40 , w h ic h is the m ost v ita l answer to co n tin u in g speedup and jo b losses.

* * *

A recent re p o rt by the U. S.L a b o r D epa rtm en t revea led th a t the p rac tice o f “ m o o n lig h tin g ” — h o ld ing m ore tha n one jo b — was m ost p re va len t am ong governm ent w o rke rs such as firem e n , po lice ­men, and posta l employes.

T he re p o rt also showed th a t w o rke rs p u ttin g in less tha n 41 hours a w eek are less in c lin e d to take second jobs tha n those w o rk ­in g ove r 41 hours. T h i s fa c t helps be lie charges b y b ig business la ck ­eys th a t i f a l l w o rke rs got a sho rte r w o rk w eek m ost o f them w o u ld o n ly lo ok fo r m ore w o rk .

T he b ig business charges are fu r th e r con trad ic ted b y sta tistics on w h y w o rk e rs . Hold tw o jobs. N in e ty p e r cen t o f the “ m oo n ligh ­ters, ” said the re p o rt, have fa m i­lies , w h ic h ind ica tes th a t they have take n on e x tra jo bs o u t o f econom ic necessity — no t money hunger!

* * *

15, 000 ra ilw a y fire m e n have been la id - o f f o r tra n s fe rre d to o the r jobs in th e las t year. A n ad­d it io n a l 6, 000 o f the c o u n try ’s rem a in ing 22, 000 a re scheduled to rece ive the same tre a tm e n t inside the n e x t year.

The la yo ffs w e re p re c ip ita te d by a fed e ra l m e d ia tion r u l in g last yea r w h ic h gave th e ra ilw a y com ­panies tw o years to e lim in a te the jobs o f 90 pe r cent o f a l l firem en on diese l engines used in fre ig h t and y a rd service.

R a ilw a y com panies have glee­fu l ly announced th a t th e la yo ffs W ill save $76; m il l io n a y e a r in wages, m ost o f w h ic h w i l l w in d up as p ro fits fo r cou pon-c lipp ing bondholders.

M A Y 1 — F id e l Castro d e liv ­ered a b lis te r in g a ttack on the U n ite d States today in response to the U . S. in vas ion o f the D o m in ­ican R epub lic and in com m em ora­t io n o f M a y Day. W ith o u t m in c ing words, Castro w arned th a t the U. S. gove rnm en t m ust be resisted b y a w o r ld -w id e a n ti- im p e r ia lis t coa lition , i f a w o r ld w a r is to be avoided.

The C uban p re m ie r po in ted out th a t the Johnson a d m in is tra tio n has become m o re and m ore ag­gressive and inhum ane as i t has been a llow ed to expand w ars, u n ­checked, in V ie tn am , in th e Congo and no w in Santo D om ingo.

“ T he danger o f w a r w i l l in ­crease m ore and m ore as lo ng as th is m e n ta lity o f im p e ria lis m is no t changed, ” Castro stated, “ as long as the im p e ria lis ts are no t conv inced o f the fa c t th a t th is road is dangerous. . . In sho rt, w e be lieve th a t the hands o f the im ­p e ria lis ts m ust be tied , th e ir back b roken somewhere, ru n n in g the risks and le tt in g im p e ria lis m kn o w th a t w e are ready to fu n the r is k . ”

U . S. Exposed

"F e w actions have so exposed the c r im in a lity and cyn ic ism o f U . S. im p e ria lism , ” C astro stated in reference to the M a rin e land ings in Santo D om ingo. “ O n fe w oc­casions has i t been possible to say w ith m ore h a tre d and m ore in ­d ig n a tio n w h a t the people say — death to Yankee im p e ria lism . ”

H e po in ted ou t th a t- the in v a ­sion o f Santo D om ingo v io la ted eve ry tre a ty th a t the U . S. had m ade w ith L a t in A m e rica n n a ­tions, and th a t i t showed the u tte r hypocrisy o f U. S. pretensions to in te rn a tio n a l la w in South V ie t­nam . A n sw e rin g the U. S. lie th a t the M arines had been landed to save U. S. citizens, Castro po in ted ou t th a t in the days o f c iv i l s tr ife be fore th e land ing , w here m any D om in icans had been k ille d , no t one A m e ric a n c itize n had even been in ju re d .

C overing the D om in ican events in de ta il, and g iv in g a day-by-day descrip tion o f the U . S. b u ild -u p o f forces, Castro showed th a t orders fo r la rge-sca le M a rin e in -

The appeal o f D r. N e v ille A le x ­ander and ten o th e r opponents o f ap arthe id has been re jected b y the appeals d iv is io n o f the South A fr ic a n Suprem e C ourt. The eleven w ere convic ted in A p r i l, 1964 un de r the “ sabotage” la w and sentenced to prison te rm s rang ing f ro m f iv e to ten years. Since December, 1963, the m ale defend­ants have been h e ld in the m a x i­m u m . secu rity p rison o f Robben Island^ m uch o f the tim e in so li­ta ry confinem ent.

D r. A le xan de r, one o f South A fr ic a ’s lead ing n o n -w h ite schol­ars, was a co -fou nd er o f the N a tio n a l L ib e ra tio n F ro n t, to w h ic h the o th e r ten defendants also belonged. A t the t r ia l o f the eleven, the prosecution m ade no a tte m p t to p ro ve any o v e rt ac t o f sabotage. The d e fe n d a n ts . w ere charged o n ly w ith h a v in g stud ied M a rx is t w o rks and books on guer­r i l la w a rfa re and w ith hav ing fo rm ed discussion groups to con­s ide r possible w ays o f conducting the s trugg le again s t aparthe id .

Funds NeededF und s to m eet the costs o f the

f ir s t t r ia l w e re raised la rg e ly in W est G erm any, w here D r. A le x ­ander had stud ied.. A c tio n by in d iv id u a ls and o rgan iza tions in Eng land, Ire la n d , Japan, A lg e ria , Norw ay,, and the U n ite d States, as w e ll as G erm any, m ade the ap­peal possible. A lth o u g h , fo r the

. present,, no fu r th e r lega l avenues are open, fun ds aré s t i l l u rg e n tly needed. T he fa m ilie s o f the vic-

F id e l Castro

te rve n tio n had n o t been g iven u n t i l the r ig h t-w in g m il i ta r y ju n ta led by G enera l W essin was on the verge o f collapse and had su f­fe red severe losses a t the hands o f the D om in ican rebels.

D iscard ing o u tr ig h t the U. S. c la im th a t the D om in ican re vo lu ­t io n was be ing le d b y Com m u­nists, Castro ca lled i t a bourgeois dem ocra tic re v o lu tio n , com paring i t w ith the F rench and A m erican revo lu tions.

The C uban p re m ie r also showed th a t w h ile U . S. m il i ta r y in te rv e n ­t io n had taken place w ith o u t con­su lta tion o f the O AS, the U . S. is t ry in g “ to m ake the o th e r gove rn ­m ents o f L a t in A m erica jo in t ly responsib le fo r its c r im in a l plans, to s ta in the o th e r governm ents of L a t in A m erica w ith the b lood of th is c rim e , to sa n c tify and legalize its c r im in a l action . ”

Irresponsible Policy

“ In Santo D om ingo, ” Castro stated, “ the governm ents o f L a tin A m erica and the L a t in A m erican people are rea p ing the b itte r fru its o f the s tup id , c r im in a l, irre sp o n ­s ib le p o lic y ca rried o u t against o u r coun try . T hey are rea p ing the f ru its o f th e ir c o m p lic ity w ith im ­pe ria lism against Cuba. ”

F ro m th is c ritic ism , Castro ex-

tim s are de s titu te ; in m ost cases, the defendants w ere the on ly breadw inners.

In the U . S. the rece n tly -fo rm e d A le x a n d e r Defense C om m ittee has raised funds to he lp d e fra y the defendants’ lega l expenses and. to a id th e ir fam ilies . I t w i l l con tinue to focus the a tten tion o f the A m erican p u b lic on th e ir p lig h t and on the cha racte r o f the a p a rt­he id ty ra n n y . In ad d ition , a t the request o f the Lusaka, Zam bia Of- f ic e - in -E x ile o f the A ll-A fr ic a n C onvention and U n ity M ovem ent o f South A fr ic a , the A D C has decided to support the lega l de­fense o f Leo S ih la li, a teacher fo rced o u t o f h is profession b y the “ B a n tu E duca tion A c t” and Lou is M tsh izana, a la w ye r. A rres ted in F e b ru a ry 1965, the y face long prison sentences fo r a lleged ly b re ak ing the cond itions o f th e ir “ bann ing orders” and a tte m p tin g to leave South A fr ic a w ith o u t v a lid documents.

O rig in a l sponsors o f the A D C inc lude : Ossie Davis, R u b y Dee, James F orm an, M a x w e ll G eism ar, Horace K a lle n , John O. K ille n s , S la te r K in g , S taughton L y n d and J u lia n M a y fie ld . O ffice rs are: P au l B. B ou te lle , cha irm an ; R obe rt H. Langston, execu tive secretary; B erta G reen, correspond ing secre­ta ry ; and Dave D e llin g e r, treas­u re r. A l l correspondence and con­tr ib u tio n s should be sent to : A le x ­ander Defense C om m ittee, P. O. B ox 345, Cana l S tree t S tation, N ew Y o rk , N . Y . 10013.

em pted o n ly C h ile , w h ic h has ca lled fo r the w ith d ra w a l o f U . S. troops. “ U. S. im p e ria lis m m ust be forced to 'w ith d ra w its M arines fro m the D om in ican R epub lic , ” he said. “ U . S. im p e ria lis m m ust be fo rced to end its arm ed in te rv e n ­tion , its p a rtic ip a tio n in the c iv i l w a r, its w a r against the D o m in ­ican people and pa trio ts . ”

“ In the face o f the present s it­u a tion , ” C astro stated, “ im p e r ia l­ism has landed new troops in San­to D om ingo. B u t the D om in ican people have a lrea dy fo rced them to take o f f th e ir m ask. T h e D om ­in ican people have a lrea dy forced them to revea l th e ir re a l in te n ­tions, th e ir ro le as enem ies o f the peoples, th e ir ro le o f defenders and a llie s o f the reactionaries, be­cause the U . S. forces w e n t there to defend the same W essin whose planes bom bed and s tra fed the c ity , whose planes caused h u n ­dreds o f innocent v ic tim s , wom en and ch ild re n , am ong th e D o m in ­ican c iv i lia n po pu la tion , whose planes f i l le d the hosp ita ls w ith v ic tim s , w ith dead and w ounded. ”

N. Y. Memorial Meeting Is Slated for Malcolm X

NE W Y O R K — A m em o ria l t r ib u te to M a lco lm X fe a tu r in g A fro -A m e rica n a rtis ts , w rite rs , en te rta in e rs and fig u re s in the freedom s trugg le w i l l be he ld here M ay 26.

Those scheduled to p a rtic ip a te in c lud e M rs. M a lco lm , X , James B a ld w in , Ossie Davis, John L e w is o f the S tuden t N o n v io le n t Co­o rd in a tin g C om m ittee , and the La roque B e y Dancers and m any o th e r en te rta iners . Representatives fro m A fr ic a n and Is la m ic coun­tr ie s w i l l also appear.

The a f fa ir is sponsored by the M a lco lm X M e m o ria l C om m ittee, S y lveste r Leakes, C ha irm an. I t is no t a fun d ra is in g a ffa ir , and there w i l l be no adm ission charge. A co llec tion w i l l be taken to d e fra y the cost o f the m ee ting itse lf.

T he p rog ram w i l l ta ke p lace the n ig h t o f W ed., M ay 26, a t the R ock land Palace B a llroo m , 280 W. 155th St., M anha ttan .

IIIIIIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIM1IIIIIIIIM

The H o t te s t Record

in A m e rica

MALCOLM X‘Message to the

Grass Roots’This a lbum , "M e ssa g e to th e Grass

Roots, " co n ta ins M a lc o lm X 's las t im ­

p o r ta n t speech as a B lack M us lim . I t was d e liv e re d in N ove m b e r, 1963, to a

la rg e aud ience o f b lack m ilita n ts who

had g a th e re d in D e tro it fro m a ll ove r

th e c o u n try to discuss th e fu tu re o f th e fre e d o m s tru g g le . The o n ly d isc o f M a l­

co lm X now on sale, i t is cons ide red by

many to be a classic — th e g rea tes t speech o f a g re a t speaker. O rd e r n o w !

A fro -A m e r ic a n B ro a d ca s tin g C o rp .S u ite 503 - To b in B ldg.

1308 B roadway, D e tro it 26, M ic h .

12” LP

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P’ease send me re co rd s a t $4. 98

■each. Enclosed f in d M . O .......... . ....

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A ddress ...............

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South African Court Rejects A ppeal of Apartheid Victim

Scores U. S. Aggression

M onday, M a y 10, 1965 TH E M IL IT A N T Page T h ree

R E V I E W Sa n d

R E P O R T S

Background to Dominican EventsB y F re d H a ls tead

T he c u rre n t U . S. in vas io n o f the D om in ican R epub lic is the fo u r th t im e U . S. M arines have oc­cupied th a t is land na tion . T he las t tim e was fro m 1916 to 1924. The b loody ty ra n t R a fae l M o linas T ru ­j i l lo got h is s ta rt f ro m the U . S. M arines d u r in g th a t occupation. T r u j i l lo was a p ro cu re r o f p ro s ti­tu tes fo r the M arines. H e p e r­suaded a M a rin e o ff ic e r to send h im to th e school w h ic h the U . S. m il ita ry had set up fo r t ra in in g a puppet D om in ican m il ita ry estab­lishm ent.

B y 1930 T r u j i l lo con tro lled the D om in ican a rm ed , forces and was elected pres ident. H e m a in ta ined h is g r ip fo r 31 years b y c u ltiv a tin g p o w e rfu l fr ie n d s in W ashington and the U . S. m il ita ry , b y a po l­i t ic a l pa tronage system w h ic h made h is close frie n d s w e a lth y w h ile h is opponents cou ldn ’ t m ake a liv in g , and b y s im p ly m u rd e rin g any opponents w ho he tho ugh t a c tu a lly threatened h is ru le .

T r u j i l lo en joyed m ore o r less open sup po rt o f the U . S. S tate D e­p a rtm e n t u n t i l 1959. The Cuban R evo lu tion and fe a r th a t the D om in icans m ig h t fo llo w the C u - . ban exam ple, the n forced the S tate D e pa rtm e n t to p re tend con­cern about the D om in ican ty ra n t ’s b ru ta lity .

O n June 14, 1959, a group o f a n t i- T r u j i l lo D o m in ic a n s d id launch an arm ed a ttem p t to ove r­th ro w h is governm ent, b u t the a t­tem p t was crushed. T h is was the o r ig in o f the June 14 M ovem ent, the m a in po pu la r a n t i-T ru ji l lo fo rce in th e c o u n try d u r in g the ty ra n t ’s la s t year.

I n e a rly 1960, the U . S. vo ted in the O rgan iza tion o f A m erican States fo r sanctions against T ru ­j i l lo in an a ttem p t to establish a p recedent fo r in te rv e n tio n under O AS cover should the need arise.

Done InT r u j i l lo was assassinated on

M a y 30, 1960, b y m em bers o f h is ow n group w h o had decided to m ove before a po pu la r re vo lu tio n o ve rth re w them along w ith T ru ­j i l lo . T r u j i l lo was rep laced by one o f h is ow n c iv i lia n appointees, Joaqu in B alaguer, w h o received the und isgu ised sup po rt o f the U. S. The T ru ji l la to — as the T ru ­j i l lo m ach ine is ca lled on the is ­land — rem ained in power.

B u t its h o ld had slipped and the po pu la tio n began engaging in s tr ike s and mass dem onstra tions fo r dem ocra tic and socia l de­mands. A re v o lu tio n a ry process had begun w h ic h has deepened m ore o r less s tea d ily ever since, in sp ite o f a l l m aneuvers by the

U . S. State D epa rtm en t to stop it .F ro m th a t tim e on, the cen tra l

dem ands o f the p o p u la r forces — dem ands w h ich Juan Bosch la te r p rom ised to p u t in to e ffec t, bu t d id no t com ple te — w e re the dis­band ing o f the b loody m il i ta r y ma­ch ine b u i l t b y T r u j i l lo and the na­tio n a liz a tio n o f th e vast ho ld ings o f the T ru ji lla to .

Mass A c tio n

A series o f genera l s trikes and mass dem onstra tions between N ovem ber, 1961, and January, 1962, fo rced the ouster o f B a la ­guer and the res to ra tion o f m any c iv i l libe rtie s . T he c o u n try ’s f ir s t honest e lection since T r u j i l lo took over was he ld in December, 1963.

Juan Bosch, a l ib e ra l o f the D om in ican R e vo lu tio n a ry P a rty , ran on a p rog ram p rom is ing dras­t ic socia l re fo rm and ove rw h e lm ­in g ly defeated the conservative c a p ita lis t p a rty , the N a tio n a l C iv ic U n ion . T he June 14 M ovem ent took a w a it-and -see a ttitu d e to­

w a rd the Bosch governm ent and s u p p o rte d , the p ro m u lg a tio n to A p r i l, 1963, o f a c o n s titu tio n Bosch had prom ised em bodying basic, so­c ia l re form s.

The c o n s titu tio n w as ne ve r en­fo rced fo r Bosch was o v e rth ro w n b y a r ig h t-w in g m il i ta r y coup i le d b y G enera l E lia s W essin y W essin on Sept. 25, 1963. The m il i ta r y ju n ta e v e n tu a lly appo inted D p h - a ld Reid C a b ra l as head of. a t r iu m v ira te and the U . S. recog­n ized and fu l ly supported th is r ig h t-w in g m il i ta r y d ic ta to rsh ip .

T he June 14 M ovem ent, h o w ­ever, resisted the coup and. de­fended the con s titu tion . O n N ov. 28, 1963, i t issued the “ M an ifes to o f the C o ns titu tio na l G u e rrilla s . ” The m a in band o f g u e rr illa s was w iped ou t soon a fte rw a rd , b u t the " C o nstitu tio na lism s” con tinued the s trugg le fro m un de rg round fo r a res to ra tion o f the lega l co n s titu ­t io n a l governm ent. T h a t s trugg le w o u ld have succeeded la s t w eek b u t fo r the invas ion b y U . S. troops.

Dominican Events Underline Need To Expand The M ilitan t’s Circulation

B y K a ro ly n K e r ry

I n tim es o f w a r and re vo lu tio n t r u th is a lw ays the f ir s t casualty. T h is has ne ve r been so g ra p h ic a lly dem onstra ted as in the ly in g propaganda spread b y spokesmen o f the Johnson a d m in is tra tio n on the w a r in V ie tn am and the pop­u la r re v o lt o f the people o f the D om in ican R epub lic . The founda­tio n o f the c a p ita lis t system, as o f a l l e x p lo ita tiv e systems, rests on a cornerstone o f deception, lies and b ru ta l repression.

E ven the conserva tive New Y o rk T im es is m oved to e d ito r ia l p ro tes t over the b la ta n t d is to rtio n and fa ls if ic a tio n o f the news by the Pentagon, the S tate D e pa rt­m e n t and the W h ite House. The Texas tw is te r is a past m aster a t m an g ling the t ru th to ju s t i fy the com m ission o f the m ost m onstrous a troc ities against people abroad f ig h t in g fo r lib e ra tio n from ty ra n n y and oppression and those a t hom e seeking to r ig h t the in ­ju s tic e o f race d isc rim in a tio n and class exp lo ita tion .

T h is emphasizes and underscores the im portance o f p ro m o tin g the w ides t possible c irc u la tio n o f The M il ita n t as an an tido te to the poisonous propaganda em anating fro m the c a p ita lis t con tro lled press, T V , ra d io and o th e r com ­m un ica tions media. L e tte rs to The

M il i ta n t business o ffice te s t ify to the g ra titu d e o f new readers in ­troduced to o u r paper th rou gh o u r specia l in tro d u c to ry subscrip tion cam paign.

S ince o u r la s t re p o rt on A p r i l 20 some 268 new readers have been added to o u r subscrip tion lis t. T h is ind ica tes th a t the re has been a s low dow n in the pace o f sub cam paign ing b y o u r suppor­ters. Some, l ik e o u r Chicago group, in fo rm us th a t the y are n o w p re ­p a rin g to go f u l l speed ahead so w e lo ok fo rw a rd w ith eager a n tic ­ip a tio n to g e ttin g a la rge ba tch o f in tro d u c to ry subs soon. A l l groups take note! Spread the t r u th b y spread ing The M il ita n t !

Scoreboard

N ationa l Tabulation OF Socialist Vote In '6 4 Campaign F ina lly Availab le

A rea Quota SubsD e tro it 500 332N ew Y o rk 500 265O akland 250 114C leveland 200 87Boston 275 84Chicago 500 58D enver 100 58T w in C ities 175 53Los Angeles 200 53San Francisco 100 47N e w ark 200 41P h ila de lph ia 125 34Seattle 75 33M ilw au kee 100 13S t. Louis 15 8San Diego 50 4G enera l 62

T o ta l toM ay 4 3, 365 1, 346

T H E G R E A T F E A R IN L A T INA M E R IC A b y John Gerassi.C o llie r Books, 1965, 478 pp.,$1. 50.

“ The percentage o f c h ild re n in L a t in A m erica is h ig h e r tha n in any o th e r area o f the w o r ld — de­sp ite a fr ig h te n in g 20 to 35 pe r cen t in fa n t m o rta lity . S lig h tly m ore than 32 pe r cen t o f L a t in A m e r i­cans a re one to n ine years o ld (22 pe r cen t in th e U n ite d States), and 23 pe r cen t are ten to n ineteen years o ld ¿1. 7 pe r cen t in the U n ite d S ta tes )..

“ T h e re s u lt in g dependency ra tio (unem p loyab le m ou ths to feed) is also h ig h e r than in any other area: 50 pe r cen t o f L a t in A m e r i­cans a re e ith e r un de r f if te e n o r o v e r s ix ty - f iv e , com pared to on ly 26 p e r c e n t in the U n ite d States. As these p ro po rtions increase, de­pendencies w i l l become m ore and m ore o f a bu rden . A n d as ch ild re n become adu lts , a g rea te r and grea te r dem and fo r jobs w i l l en­sue. ”

These are some o f the cold ha rsh re a litie s th a t eve ry L a t in A m e rica n c h ild faces, as deta iled in a recent and inexpens ive book on L a t in A m erica , b y a Newsweek e d ito r, John Gerassi, fo rm e r ly L a t in A m erican correspondent fo r T im e magazine. Pub lished in an u p -to -d a te vers ion , The G reat Fear in L a t in A m erica is a revised paperback ed itio n o f th is book w h ic h o r ig in a lly appeared in hard cove r in 1963 un de r the t it le . The G reat Fear.

W h a t T hey Fear

A n d w h a t is the “ g rea t fea r” in L a t in A m erica? Gerassi m ig h t w e ll have fou nd the answ er in Castro ’s “ Second D ec la ra tion o f H avana” (1962) in w h ic h the re v ­o lu tio n a ry leader described the im p a c t o f the C uban R evo lu tion on the U n ite d States:

“ W h a t is b e h ind Y ankee ha tred o f the C uban R evo lu tion? W hat cou ld ra t io n a lly e x p la in the p lo t w h ic h un ites the w e a lth ies t and m ost p o w e rfu l im p e r ia lis t pow er o f the con tem po ra ry w o rld , and the o liga rch ies o f the en tire co n ti­ne n t in the same aggressive p u r­poses?. . .

“ T hey are u n ite d and s tir re d up b y fear. F ea r exp la ins it . N o t the fe a r o f the C uban R e vo lu tio n ; the fea r o f th e L a t in A m erican re v ­o lu tio n . N o t the fea r o f th e w o rk ­ers, peasants, students, in te lle c ­tua ls and progressive sectors o f the m id d le classes w h o have as­sum ed pow er in Cuba b y re v o lu ­tio n , b u t the fea r th a t the w orkers, peasants, students, in te lle c tua ls and progressive sectors o f the m id d le classes w i l l take re vo lu ­tio n a ry po w e r in the oppressed and h u n g ry na tions exp lo ited by the Y ankee m onopolies and the rea c tion a ry o lig a rch y o f A m erica ; fe a r th a t th e loo ted peoples o f the con tin e n t w i l l snatch the arm s o f th e ir oppressors and decla re th e m ­selves, l ik e Cuba, fre e peoples o f A m erica . ”

R e vo lu tio n Necessary

There is no hope, Gerassi says, fo r a U . S. p o lic y th a t a im s a t p re ­serv ing the status quo in L a tin A m erica . R evo lu tion in th is pa rt o f the w o r ld is no t o n ly inev itab le , b u t necessary. He accepts th is in ­e v ita b ility , and o ffe rs d ip lo m atic , m il i ta r y and econom ic suggestions to the U n ite d States. F o r exam ple, he ca lls on the U . S. to abrogate a ll m ilita ry -ass is ta nce pacts and to end a ll the m il ita ry m issions in L a t in A m erica .

One m ay q u a rre l w ith some o f Gerassi’s essen tia lly re fo rm is t measures, b u t one canno t ignore

Jom o K e n y a tta

his desperate sense o f u rgency abou t U . S. p o lic y in L a t in A m e r i­ca.

— H a l V erb

‘M A U M A U ’ D E T A IN E E by Jo -siah M w a n g i K a r iu k i. PenguinBooks, 1965, 224 pp., $1. 25.

T h is is an account o f seven years in 14 B r it is h concentra tion camps d u r in g the pe rio d o f the so-ca lled M au M au u p ris in g in Kenya. T he au thor, a K enyan in ­te lle c tu a l w ho ow ned a ho te l w hen he was arrested, was “ de ta ined” fro m the e a rly pe riod o f the M au M au scare in 1953 u n t il 1960.

H e was shunted fro m one de­te n tio n camp to the nex t, as v a r i­ous co lon ia l au th o ritie s and th e ir K en yan cohorts a ttem pted to to r ­tu re h im in to abd ica ting the K enya lib e ra tio n s trugg le . Josiah M w a n g i K a r iu k i d id no t cap itu la te .

O n the c o n tra ry , he organized resistance com m ittees w ith in the camps, and fo r th is , m ore than once, he was sing led o u t to be b ru ta lly beaten o r le f t w ith o u t food in s o lita ry con finem ent fo r days. K a r iu k i m akes no a tte m p t to describe the g u e rr il la e ffo rts o f his com pa trio ts ou ts ide the prison camps, because he was never w ith them .

P rison CampsInstead, he presents a v iv id ac­

coun t o f “ the p ip e lin e ” — the series o f p rison camps strung across K enya in w h ic h the B r it is h a ttem pted to “ re in te g ra te ” revo ­lu tio n a rie s in to the co lon ia l w a y of life , and th rou gh w h ic h thousands o f b lacks w ere fo rced in those years o f s trugg le . K a r iu k i’s is a s u rp ris in g ly p a tie n t exp la na tio n o f w h y th is “ p ip e lin e ” fa iled , and his w r i t in g is n o t w ith o u t hum or.

“ I do n o t kn o w w ho m akes fe t ­ters, ” the a u th o r begins a chapter abou t an is land prison , “ b u t K enya m ust have taken up a la rge p a rt o f h is annua l p ro d u c tio n in 1956. S ince fe w people today have m uch experience o f w earing them , and m ost o f the rest seem to be under the im pression th a t the y w e n t ou t w ith the In q u is itio n , perhaps I co u ld g ive a fe w tip s about them . . . ” W ith th is in tro du c tion , he exp la ins how to w a lk and dress w h ile in chains.

T h e courageous s trugg le o f Jom o K e n ya tta ’s fo llo w e rs is l i t t le kn o w n in th is cou n try , w here the m a jo r te x t has been R obe rt R u a rk ’s rac is t sm ear, Som eth ing o f Value. W h ile ‘ M au M au ’ Deta inee is s t i l l n o t the w h o le s to ry , i t is an im ­p o rta n t p a r t o f it , and K a r iu k i is

• in s p ir in g in the endurance he de­picts.

— D ic k Roberts

F o llo w in g is the com plete 1964 p re s id en tia l vote recorded fo r the candidates o f th e S oc ia lis t W o rk ­ers P a r ty (C lif to n D e B erry and E dw ard S haw ) and the Socia list La b o r P a r ty (E r ic Hass and H en­n in g B lo m e n ), as com piled b y the M arch 26 Congressional Q u a rte r­ly W eekly R epo rt:

State SWP SLPA rizo na 482C a lifo rn ia 378 . 489Colorado 2, 537 302D e law are 113Ind iana 1, 374Iow a 159 182Kansas 1, 901Massachusetts 4, 755M ich igan 3, 817 1, 704M innesota 1, 177 2, 544M ontana 332N e w Jersey 8 , 181 7, 075N ew M exico 1, 217N ew Y o rk 3, 215 6, 085N o rth Dakota 224P ennsylvania 10, 456 5, 092V irg in ia 2, 895W ashington 537 7, 772W isconsin 1, 692 1, 204

T O T A L S ' 32, 705 45, 186

F ro m the same source, the fo l­lo w in g votes w ere cast fo r So­c ia lis t W orke rs P a r ty candidates fo r th e U . S. Senate:

M ich igan , E ve lyn S e ll: 2, 754 M innesota, E ve re tt Luom a: 2, 357 N ew Jersey, Law rence S tew a rt:

6, 147N e w Y o rk , R icha rd G arza: 4, 202 P ennsy lvan ia , M o rr is C hertov:

7, 317W isconsin, W ayne Leverenz: 479 The SW P candidate fo r gover­

n o r o f M ich igan , F ra n k Lo ve ll, was recorded as hav ing received 5, 649 votes.

E rro r in A lm anacT he 1965 W o rld A lm anac in ­

c o rre c tly a ttr ib u te s o n ly 10, 934 p re s id en tia l votes in 1964 to the S ocia lis t W orke rs P a r ty and o n ly 21, 390 to the Socia list L a b o r P arty .

In th e I960 p re s id e n tia l elec­tion , the SW P go t 40, 174 and the S LP 47, 549.

Returns Reported in L. A. For Coover and Kirsch

LO S A N G E L E S — T he resu lts o f the A p r i l 6 c ity e lections in Los Angeles show th a t I r v in g K irs c h , 21-y e a r-o ld cand ida te fo r o ffice No. 6 on the board o f education, rece ived 31, 115 votes. O s c a r Coover, candidate fo r m ayo r, re ­ceived 491 votes. B o th candidates w e re endorsed b y the S ocia lis t W orke rs P a r ty and the Y oung S oc ia lis t A llian ce .

T he soc ia lis t candidates cam ­paigned on a p la tfo rm w h ic h h i t a t U . S. aggression in V ie tn a m and gave s trong sup po rt to the c iv i l- r ig h ts m ovem ent. T hey fe l t tha t th e ir best reception was among young people and students.

In a m ock e lection h e ld in a F a ir fa x area e lem en ta ry school class, n in e -y e a r-o ld M a rk G el d ­m an to ld h is classmates th a t Coover “ was against w a r and fo r the w o rke rs and the Negroes. ” The vo te was zero fo r in cu m b e n t Sam ­ue l Y o rty , 7 fo r Jam es Roosevelt, a n d ? 0 fo r Oscar Coover.

From Truj i l lo to Wessin

Page Four T H E M IL IT A N T M onday, M a y 10, 1965

THE MILITANTE d ito r : J O S E P H H A N S E N

M a n a g in g E d ito r : G E O R G E L A V A N B u s in e ss M a n a g e r: K A R O L Y N K E R R Y

P u b lis h e d w e e k ly , e x c e p t d u r in g J u ly a n d A u g u s t w h e n p u b lis h e d b i-w e e k ly , b y T h e M i l i t a n t P u b lis h in g A s s 'n ., 116 U n iv e r s i t y P I ., N e w Y o r k 3. N . Y . P h o n e C H 3-2140. S e c o n d -c la ss p o s ta g e p a id a t N e w Y o r k , N . Y . S u b s c r ip t io n : $3 a y e a r ; C a n a d ia n , $3. 50; fo re ig n , $4. 50. S ig n e d a r t ic le s b y c o n t r ib u to r s d o n o t n e c e s s a rily r e p re s e n t T h e M i l i t a n t ’s v ie w s . T h e s e a re e xp re sse d in e d ito r ia ls .

V o l. 29 - N o . 19 »345 M o n d a y , M a y 10, 1965

Rebuts A d m in is tra t io n 's Lies

Morse Raps Vietnam Policy Again

Vietnam As a 'Training Ground'“ D e fe nse o f f ic ia ls . . . concede th a t V ie tn a m has g iv e n th e

U n ite d S ta te s a rm e d fo rce s a ' la b o ra to ry fo r w a r , ’ ” re p o r ts J a c k R a y m o n d in th e M a y 3 N e w Y o r k T im es.

“ O ff ic ia ls h e s ita te to d iscuss V ie tn a m as a m i l i t a r y p ro v in g g ro u n d because th e y fe a r i t m ig h t be ta k e n o u t o f c o n te x t — th e S p a n is h C iv i l W a r 30 y e a rs ago w as re g a rd e d b y m i l i t a r y e x p e rts as th e N a z is ’ la b o ra to ry fo r W o r ld W a r I I , ” he adds.

T h e V ie tn a m w a r is in v a lu a b le , a P e n ta g o n o f f ic ia l ob se rve d , “ n o t o n ly f o r th e m en in a c tu a l c o m b a t b u t f o r th e p o lic y -m a k e rs an d th e p la n n e rs h e re . ” G u e r r i l la w a r f a r e is a n e w k in d o f f ig h t ­in g f o r th e A m e r ic a n m i l i t a r y , a n d th e y a re u s in g th e o p p o r tu n ity to le a rn .

R e c a ll som e o f th e m o n s tro u s n e w w e ap ons a n d m e tho ds th e y h a v e t r ie d o u t: th e use o f te a r gas a n d nausea gas a g a in s t g u e r r i l la s ; th e use o f po iso nou s c h e m ic a ls , “ d e fo lia n ts , ” to d e s tro y c rop s a n d o th e r v e g e ta tio n , a n d po iso n pe op le in th e p rocess ; th e m ass use o f c o n c e n tra t io n cam ps, “ s tra te g ic h a m le ts , ” a g a in s t th e p e asa n t p o p u la t io n . M u c h n e w e q u ip m e n t has been deve lope d a n d tes ted .

T h e re c e n t A m e r ic a n in v a s io n o f th e D o m in ic a n R e p u b lic p o in ts u p th e reason fo r th e g re a t e f fo r ts b e in g m ad e b y th e g o v ­e rn m e n t in th e f ie ld o f a n t i - g u e r r i l la te c h n o lo g y . A m e r ic a ’s ru le rs a re r ig h t ly c o n v in c e d th a t a n y u n c o m p ro m is in g s tru g g le o f o p ­p ressed p e o p le a g a in s t th e ir o p p re sso rs m a y le ad to th e o v e r th ro w o f c a p ita l is m a n d th e e s ta b lis h m e n t o f a so c ie ty l i k e C u b a ’s. W ith th e p e o p le o f A f r ic a , A s ia a n d L a t in A m e r ic a r is in g to f ig h t fo r t h e i r fre e d o m , th e im p e r ia lis ts fa c e th e p ro s p e c t o f t r y in g to sup p re ss p e o p le a l l o v e r th e w o r ld b y m i l i t a r y fo rc e . I n V ie tn a m th e y a re w o r k in g o u t h o w to d o i t m o s t e f f ic ie n t ly — as th e N az is p re p a re d in S p a in f o r b ig g e r w a rs la te r .

Tightening the Curtain of LiesIn a n in fa m o u s d e c is io n M a y 3, th e U . S. S u p re m e C o u r t u p ­

h e ld b y a v o te o f s ix to th re e th e S ta te D e p a r tm e n t’s asse rtio n th a t i t has th e r ig h t to ban t r a v e l b y U . S. c it iz e n s to C u b a and o th e r p laces. T h e C u b a t r a v e l b a n w as im p o se d Jan . 16, 1961, to k e e p U . S. c it iz e n s f ro m see ing f o r th e m s e lv e s w h a t is g o in g on in th a t r e v o lu t io n a ry c o u n try .

T h e d e c is io n w a s h a n d e d d o w n in th e case o f L o u is Z e m e l o f M id d le f ie ld , C o n n ., w h o a p p lie d to th e S ta te D e p a r tm e n t in 1962 fo r p e rm is s io n to go to C u b a as a to u r is t a n d w a s re fuse d . M r . Z e m e l gave as h is reason f o r g o in g : “ to s a t is fy m y c u r io s ity a b o u t th e s ta te o f a f fa irs in C u b a a n d to m a k e m e a b e t te r in ­fo rm e d c it iz e n . ”

I n e x p la in in g th e m a jo r i t y d e c is io n , C h ie f J u s tic e E a r l W a r ­re n s a id th e re s tr ic t io n s a re ju s t i f ie d in th is case because th e re is a d a n g e r o f th e re v o lu t io n s p re a d in g f r o m C u b a th ro u g h tra v e le rs .

I n th is d e c is io n , th e S u p re m e C o u r t m a jo r i t y c a p itu la te d to th e lo g ic o f th e g o v e rn m e n t’s h y s te r ic a l a n t i- c o m m u n is t fo re ig n p o lic y to s t r ik e a M c C a r th y ite b lo w a t th e r ig h t o f U . S. c it iz e n s to k n o w th e t r u t h f ro m th e i r o w n eyes. T h e so le p u rpo se o f the t r a v e l b a n w as, a n d is , to m a k e e ve n m o re a i r t ig h t th e b r a in ­w a s h c u r ta in w h ic h s u rro u n d s th e A m e r ic a n pe op le , a n d p a r t ic ­u la r ly th e y o u th .

T h e d e c is io n is e x p e c te d to re s u lt in a c tio n a g a in s t som e 150 s tu d e n ts w h o d e f ie d th e b a n in 1963 a n d 1964 b y g o in g to C uba to see f o r the m se lve s . I t w i l l a lso a f fe c t th e case o f A f r o - A m e r ­ic a n n e w s m a n W il l ia m W o r th y w h o has h a d a p a s s p o rt w ith h e ld f o r th e la s t e ig h t yea rs because o f d e fy in g th e S ta te D e p a r tm e n t ’s b a n o n t r a v e l to C h in a , a n d w h o is n o w o n a t r ip to N o r th V ie t ­n a m , C a m b o d ia a n d In d o n e s ia w i th o u t a passport.

F u n d S c o r e b o a r d

City Quota Paid Percent

Boston $ 900 $ 900 100D e tro it 1, 200 1, 013 84Chicago 1, 800 1, 466 81O a k la n d /B e rke le y 900 568 63D enver 300 157 52T w in C ities 1, 400 700 50C leveland 800 385 48N e w Y o rk 5, 800 2, 100 36Los Angeles 4, 000 1, 039 26A lle n to w n 200 50 25St. Lou is 200 43 22N e w a rk 200 35 18M ilw au kee 400 67 17San Diego 250 35 14Seattle 500 50 10P h ila de lph ia 300 25 8San Francisco 900 70 8General 250 83 33

Tota ls th ro u g h M ay 3 $20, 300 $8, 786 44

The fo llo w in g a re excerpts from Senator W ayne M orse’s A p r i l 25 a ttack on tw o V ie tn am -p o licy statem ents b y the Johnson a d m in ­is tra tio n , a speech b y Secretary o f State Rusk be fore the A m erican Society o f In te rn a tio n a l Law , A p r i l 23, and a press conference o f Defense Secre tary M cN am ara, the m orn in g o f A p r i l 25.

* * *

I t is p e rfe c tly obv ious w h a t the Secretary o f S tate w o u ld l ik e to see. I t is p e rfe c tly obvious w h a t o th e r spokesmen fo r th is a d m in ­is tra tio n , whose statem ents I sha ll com m ent upon s h o rtly , w o u ld lik e to see. T hey w o u ld l ik e to see us go s ilen t. T hey w o u ld lik e to see the c r it ic s o f the Johnson ad m in ­is tra tio n go s ilen t.

B u t le t me say to the Johnson a d m in is tra tio n th a t no m a tte r how m any attacks the y m ake on the senior Senator fro m Oregon, no m a tte r how m any attacks o f the likes o f the propaganda tha t was issued th is m o rn in g by a spokesm an fo r th is a d m in is tra tion , m y l ip s 'w i l l no t be closed.

I in te nd to con tinue to c a rry to the A m e rica n people w h a t I honestly be lieve to be th e facts abou t the w ro n g p o lic y o f the Johnson ad­m in is tra tio n , in m ak ing w a r in A s ia on a u n ila te ra l basis, com­p le te ly ou ts ide the fra m e w o rk of in te rn a tio n a l law , and in v io la tio n o f one tre a ty a fte r ano the r to w h ic h the s igna tu re o f the U n ited States is a ffixe d .

W ar PolicyI te ll the A m erican people to ­

day. . . th a t i f the Johnson ad­m in is tra tio n con tinues its present w a rm a k in g p o lic y in Asia , the p ro ba b ilit ie s are th a t 12 m onths fro m now the re w i l l be several hu nd red thousand boys f ig h tin g and d y in g in A sia . T h a t is m y con­v ic tio n .

As a m em ber o f the Com m ittee on F ore ign Relations, I , too, have sat th ro u g h b rie fin gs . On the basis o f those b rie fin gs , I see no o ther re s u lt than an a ll-o u t m assive w a r in Asia. T h a t w a r w i l l k i l l h u n ­dreds o f thousands o f A m erican boys. T he tim e to stop th a t w a r is now . . .

I t is v e ry in te res tin g to read the sta tem ent o f the Secre tary o f State in a shocking speech la s t S a tu r­day n igh t. A p p a re n tly the speech is a p a r t o f the e f fo r t o f th is ad­m in is tra t io n to d r iv e c r it ic is m o f its po lic ies underground because i t charges th a t some o f those w ho speak against the a d m in is tra tio n are appeasers, in some w ay, a id ing and abe tting Com m unists. . .

T h a t is the k in d o f sm ear tac tic w e can expect. . . W h a t the ad­m in is tra tio n is w o rr ie d about, in p a rt — and I th in k I engage in an unders ta tem en t w hen I say i t — is th a t 80 p e r cen t o f the academic w o r ld in th is c o u n try are against the a d m in is tra tio n ’s po lic ies in V ie tnam , fo r the au tho rities , schol­ars, and students o f A s ia kn o w th a t the Johnson a d m in is tra tio n is lead ing the c o u n try in to a massive w a r th a t w i l l k i l l hundreds o f thousands o f persons. . .

L e t m e say to the Johnson ad-

Vietnam Day Slated at BerkeleyB E R K E L E Y , C a lif . — “ V ie tn a m D a y , ” a 2 4 -h o u r c o m ­

m u n ity m e e tin g s ta r t in g o n th e B e rk e le y c a m p u s a t noon, F r id a y , M a y 21, is b e in g sponso red jo in t ly b y th e A m e r ic a n F e d e ra tio n o f T e a ch e rs B e rk e le y F a c u lty L o c a l, th e A F T E m p lo y e d G ra d u a te S tu d e n ts L o c a l and th e F a c u lty Peace C o m m itte e . A n au d ie n ce o f m o re th a n 15, 000 f r o m th e B a y A re a is expec ted .

S pe ake rs in c lu d e U . S. S e n a to r G ru e n in g , I . F . S tone , B o b P a r r is (B o b M ose s), B o b S cheer, P a u l K ra s s n e r, S ta te A s ­s e m b ly m a n W il l ia m S ta n to n , S i C a s id y , D a v e D e llin g e r , M . S. A rn o n i, C o lin E d w a rd s , P a u l P o tte r , N o rm a n T hom a s , D r . B e n ja m in S po ck , and m a n y m o re . E n te r ta in e rs in c lu d e T h e C o m m itte e a n d th e S an F ra n c is c o M im e T ro u p e , w h ic h w i l l g iv e b e n e fit p e rfo rm a n c e s o f B e r th o lt B re c h t ’s T h e E x ­c e p tio n a n d th e R u le a t G a r f ie ld H ig h S choo l o n M a y 14, 15 a n d 16.

m in is tra tio n th a t the w a r now is no t o n ly M cN am ara ’s w a r and Rusk’s w a r; i t is Johnson’s w ar, as w e ll. T h is a d m in is tra tio n has a solem n m ora l resp o n s ib ility to stop the k i l l in g . . .

I announce to the Secre tary o f State, “ M r. Secretary, I sha ll meet you anyw here , be fore as m any u n iv e rs ity campus fa c u lty m eet­ings as you w a n t to arrange. I sha ll discuss w ith you the M c- N am ara -R usk w a r in A s ia . ”

I say to the academ ic w o rld , “ M eet them , fo r yo u have a great service to pe rfo rm by b rin g in g y o u r a u th o r ita tiv e know ledge to bear upon the g rea t issue th a t the U n ite d States has now raised in th rea ten ing the peace and the fu ­tu re o f m an k in d . ”

Says M cN am ara th is m orn ing , and I paraphrase h im , “ H e does no t th in k th a t Russia and Red C h ina w i l l come in the w a r. ” I say th a t he has been so irrespon­s ib ly w ro ng fo r so long th a t any p re d ic tio n th a t M cN am ara makes abou t the fu tu re course o f th is w a r in A sia , in m y judgm ent, shou ld be discounted and com ­p le te ly d iscred ited . H e ough t to have been rem oved as Secretary o f Defense m onths ago, and the Secre tary o f S tate a long w ith h im . . .

Right of PetitionT he m any w ho a re m eeting on

the campuses o f A m erica , seek­in g to exercise th e ir precious r ig h t to p e tit io n th is G overnm ent in opposition to a po licy , have, in m y judgm en t, eve ry reason to have fe a r as fa r as the fu tu re o f th is R epub lic is concerned. I say to those academ ic leaders. . . "Y o u can rise up in campus a fte r cam­pus, in c ity a fte r c ity , in com­m u n ity a fte r com m un ity , and te ll the c o u n try y o u r answers to the propaganda o f th is a d m in is tra ­t io n ’s seeking to lu l l the popu la ­t io n o f th is na tion in to the fa lse assum ption th a t w e a re ju s tif ie d in increas ing the ra te o f th is w a r. ”

M cN am ara said th is m orn ing th a t he d id n o t th in k th a t Russia and C h ina w o u ld come to w a r. M y rh e to r ic a l question to th a t is : “ M r. Secretary, suppose the y do? ” I happen to th in k th a t o u r course o f action and the plans fo r escalating

I W ant to Help:• Spread th e tru th a b o u t V ie tnam

• Reach a m axim um num ber o f people w ith s tra ig h t fa c ts and serious ana lys is o f th e Freedom N ow S trugg le

• L e t peop le know w h a t's re a lly happening in C uba, A lg e r ia , th e C ongo, L a tin A m erica

o Educate peop le to th e need fo r socia lism

Enclosed is m y c o n tr ib u tio n to the M il i ta n t Fund

N a m e ................................................................................................................................................ ...........

S tre e t................................ Z i p C ode . _..........................

C ity . ------------- — ........— ------ S tate .... ........ _

th is w a r th a t R usk, N cN am ara and T a y lo r in te nd to im p lem ent, leave C h ina and Russia no o the r choice tha n to come in to th is w ar.

W hen the y escalate those plans and those nu c le a r in s ta lla tio n s o f C h ina are destroyed — and the p re ven tive w a r c ro w d in the Pen­tagon B u ild in g , in m y judgm en t, are bent on de s tro y in g them — the massive w a r in A sia is on. W orld W ar I I I w i l l then be over the b r in k in to w h ic h w a r w e w i l l tum b le hundreds o f thousands o f A m erican boys.

I t m ust be stopped. The on ly place to stop i t is here in the U n ite d States, by the A m erican people m a k in g i t p e rfe c tly c lear to the Johnson a d m in is tra tio n th a t the y w an t a change fro m w a r- m a k in g in A sia to the U n ited States jo in in g w ith o th e r nations in peace-keeping in A sia .

The Old L ine

I in v ite the S ecre ta ry o f State to jo in me a t m eetings he selects, to meet the academ ic g roup w h ic h he insu lted S a tu rday n ig h t in his speech, and discuss the re ou r po in ts o f v ie w . B u t, M r. Secre­ta ry , w hen you m eet me on the p la tfo rm , do no t t r y to h ide be­h ind execu tive p riv ile g e . W hen w e m eet on the p la tfo rm , do no t g ive me the o ld lin e th a t you cannot te ll m e som eth ing because i t m ig h t a ffe c t o u r security .

E ve ry tim e w e ask fo r in fo rm a ­t io n to w h ic h w e a re e n tit le d the o ffic ia ls h ide beh ind execu tive p riv ile ge . To you , the people, I say, “ Dem and o f the Johnson ad­m in is tra tio n th a t you be g iven a ll the in fo rm a tio n abou t the w a r in A sia . ”

N o P resident can lead th is na tion in to a massive w a r in Asia, w ith a ll the consequences th a t w i l l f lo w fo r m any decades to come, and n o t go dow n in A m e r i­can h is to ry as to ta l ly d iscred ited. T h is w a r is to ta lly unnecessary.

Goldwater and Castro On the '64 Elections

P A R IS , A p r i l 27 (W o rld O ut­lo o k ) — B a rry G o ld w a te r said here today “ m y P res iden t has done the r ig h t th in g in the r ig h t w a y ” in V ie tn am . H e jo ke d over be ing the candidate nam ed las t year as “ the tr ig g e r-h a p p y , w a r­m onge ring S. O. B. w h o w anted to do som eth ing abou t supp ly routes in N o rth V ie tn am . ”

“ In the f i r s t place, th is M r. Johnson is a com ple te hum bug. In h is cam paign against G o ld ­w a te r, w h o was p ro m o tin g the m ost aggressive thesis o f im p e r­ia lism , Johnson presented h im se lf as a suppo rte r o f peace. . . an enem y o f w a r - lik e adven tu res in o rder to take advantage o f the concern and the w o rries o f the A m erican people and the y voted m ore against G o ld w a te r tha n fo r Johnson. H ow ever, the facts are c o n firm in g w h a t w e said d u rin g the e lection , th a t one was the same as the o th e r. ” F id e l Castro, M ay 1, 1965,

M onday, M ay 10, 1965 T H E M IL IT A N T Page Five

A Report on South VietnamB y P e te r C am ejo

S A N JU A N , P ue rto Rico, M ay 2 — The fo llo w in g in te rv ie w was g iven to m e today b y a U. S. c it ­izen rece n tly evacuated from Santo D om ingo b y U . S. troops. He was in the D om in ican R epub lic w hen the u p ris in g against the d ic ­ta to rsh ip began. S ince he is sym ­pa the tic to the re tu rn o f democ­racy to the D om in ican Republic, he p re fe rs to rem a in anonym ous.

The F o u rth N a tion a l Conference o f the Y o u th o f the M ovem ent fo r Independence o f P ue rto Rico, w h ic h I am a tte n d in g as a f ra ­te rna l observer fo r the Y oung So­c ia lis t A llia n ce , is be ing he ld here th is M ay 1-2 weekend. (A re p o rt o f th is conference w i l l appear in the n e x t issue o f The M il ita n t . )

* * *

Q. H ow did the uprising begin?A . T he f i r s t I heard o f i t was

over the ra d io on S a tu rday, A p r i l 24. Pena Gomez, a fo rm e r secre­ta ry o f Juan Bosch, w ith pro- c o n s titu tio n fo llo w e rs [supporters o f a re tu rn to con s titu tio n a l gov­e rn m e n t], seized a rad io station fo r h a lf an h o u r and declared th a t d ic ta to r D ona ld R e id C abra l w o u ld be th ro w n out. T hey began to ag ita te fo r a re tu rn to dem ocratic ru le .

H ow eve r, the R e id C abra l gov­e rn m en t recaptured th e ra d io sta­t io n and R e id C abra l h im s e lf w en t on the a ir to announce th a t he was s t i l l in pow er. The p ro -con ­s titu t io n forces had b y then taken a key b ridge , the D u a rte bridge, w h ic h is c ru c ia l to any m ovem ent in the c ity .

Reid C abra l threatened to e x ­ecute a l l those in vo lve d in the up­r is in g i f the y d id n 't stop th e ir ac­tions w ith in 24 hours.

Q. D id he carry out this threat?A . H e cou ldn ’ t. T h e p ro -co n s ti­

tu t io n forces recaptured the rad io s tation, cap tured another, and w on the sup po rt o f m ost a rm y un its . Thousands o f w o rke rs came o u t in to the streets, and Reid Ca­b ra l found h im s e lf supported by o n ly the m ost r ig h t-w in g sections

Detroiters to Hear Indicted Student

D E T R O IT — A b e n e fit concert and a pane l on the B lo om in g ton c iv i l lib e rtie s case are scheduled fo r the weekend o f M ay 14-16, w hen J im B ingham , Ind ian a U n i­v e rs ity s tuden t no w fa c in g u p to th ree years im p rison m en t under In d ia n a ’s 1951 S ed ition A c t, is in to w n on his na tio n a l tou r.

D e tro it fo lk singers Johnny M o rie r, P h i l Esser, Jack D a lton , as w e ll as o th e r in d iv id u a l artis ts, and the D e tro it C on tem porary 4, a jazz group, w i l l p e rfo rm in a b e n e fit concert Sunday, M ay 16, a t 2 p. m. in L o w e r DeRoy A u d i­to r iu m on W ayne State U n iv e rs ity campus. T he proceeds w i l l go to the C om m ittee to A id the B loom ­in g ton Students. T icke ts can be o rdered a t $1 each fro m D e tro it CABS, 3737 W oodw ard, D e tro it.

On M ay 14, a t the F r id a y N ig h t S oc ia lis t F orum , a t 8 p. m., J im w i l l be jo ine d b y E rnest Mazey, exe cu tive d ire c to r o f the M ich igan C iv i l L ib e rtie s U n io n ; R ichard Goodm an, D e tro it a tto rn e y and c iv i l l ib e r ta r ia n ; and P ro f, H e n ry H e rrm ann , o f the College o f E du­cation a t W ayne State.

M azey, Goodm an, and James L a ffe r ty , execu tive secre ta ry of the N a tio n a l La w ye rs G u ild , have rece n tly become sponsors o f the CABS.

A n o th e r s ig n if ic a n t developm ent in the f ig h t against the Ind iana w itc h h u n t fro m the M ich igan area is the decision o f the Jackson So­c ia l W e lfa re C om m ittee o f the F irs t U n ita r ia n C hurch o f A nn A rb o r to support the case. T h is com m ittee is c o n tr ib u tin g $400 to CABS.

o f the arm ed forces.Q. I t was reported in the press

that the workers were armed. Is th is true?

A. Sunday m orn ing , w hen i t be­came clear th a t the people w ere w in n in g against the uncons titu ­t io n a l d ic ta to rsh ip , the rebe llion m ushroom ed and so ld ie rs began g iv in g arm s to the people. T rucks f u l l o f sold iers w o u ld stop and hand o u t guns to the people who gathered around them . La rge

■ I l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

N E W Y O R K — P e te r Cam ejo w il l discuss th e D o m in ican events a t a special fo ru m o f the Y o u n g Socialist A llia n c e , Sat., M ay 15, 8 : 30 p. m ., a t 116 U n i­ve rs ity Place.miiiiiilllllliiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiim iiiiiiim iimmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiim i

groups began pa rad ing th rough the streets in support o f the re ­tu rn o f Bosch and fo r the con s titu ­tion . T h e y w o u ld go to the a rm y and dem and guns to f ig h t the reac­tio n a ry forces and to chase ou t those w ho w e re connected w ith the d ic ta to rsh ip , in c lu d in g r ic h Dom inicans.

Q. W hat did Reid Cabral do?A . He took o ff. I ’m no t sure

w h e re he w ent. D r, M o lin a U rena became the ac tin g pres ident and stated th a t he w o u ld act as p res i­de n t u n t il the de m ocra tica lly - elected Bosch cou ld re tu rn . So the governm ent was in the hands o f the p ro -c o n s titu tio n forces.

Q. Who were the m ilita ry ele­ments that backed Reid Cabral?

A . B y la te Sunday the re w e ren ’t any except W essin, the a ir force general. T he dem ocra tic forces began p lead ing ove r T V and rad io fo r the so ld iers to jo in the people and representatives fro m u n it a fte r u n it in the a rm y w en t be­fo re the T V cameras decla ring support fo r dem ocracy. T he [D o m ­in ic a n ] m arines w avered, b u t a t one p o in t also declared fo r the people.

However, W essin based h im se lf on the m il ita ry cadets, w h o have tanks and t ra in in g planes a t th e ir school. T h e ir base is n o t easily accessible. W essin im m e d ia te ly ja ile d any opponents w ith in the cadet academ y and threatened to bom b the p res iden tia l palace and the D u a rte bridge.

Q. D id the people have any means of stopping Wessin?

A . T hey had no th in g w h ic h they cou ld use against planes. B u t, as I said, the p ro -co n s titu tio n forces became massive. E ve n tu a lly they cou ld have fin ish e d Wessin, b u t the la nd ing o f the U . S. M arines changed the p ic tu re .

Q. W ere U . S. citizens leaving, and if so, why?

A. Yes. T he arm ed people d id n ’t p a r tic u la r ly l ik e the A m ericans and seemed q u ite pleased to see them go. On board a sh ip used to evacuate the U . S. citizens, i t became obvious to me th a t most o f those be ing evacuated e ith e r supported the m il ita ry d ic ta to rsh ip o r w e re fo r an o u tr ig h t take -o ve r b y the U n ite d States. T hey seemed to th in k a n y th in g else was Com­m unism .

Q. The U . S. press gives very little information about w hat the pro-Bosch forces did, but makes a big deal about a m ilita ry junta. W hat was this junta?

A. W essin announced fro m a ra ­dio s ta tion he had a t h is m il ita ry base (th e on ly area he con tro lled ) th a t he was se ttin g up a m il ita ry ju n ta to ru n the c o u n try and i f his te rm s w ere no t accepted he w o u ld begin bom bing. T h is created w a ve rin g in some sections o f the arm ed forces such as th e m arines. H e began bom b ing and m ach ine- gunn ing on Tuesday. I le f t W ed­nesday a t noon, b u t even a t th a t t im e i t was q u ite c lea r th a t the U . S. M arines w e re ba ck ing Wessin and n o t the people.

B y Long Thu yenThe fo llo w in g a rtic le was trans­

la ted fro m the Feb. 1965 issue o f L ’in te rn a tio n a le , organ o f the In ­te rn a tio n a lis t C om m unis t P arty , F rench section o f the F o u rth In ­te rna tiona l.

* * *

The a ttem p t to fo rm a m ore or less stab le governm ent in Saigon, one ab le to res is t the N a tiona l L ib ­era tion F ro n t (N L F ) o ffensive and to defend the in terests o f the na tiona l bourgeoisie and the Am ericans, is destined to be an alm ost ce rta in fa ilu re . In e ffect, “ B ao -D a ism ” [B ao D a i was the F rench im p e ria lis t puppe t em­p e ro r] is no lo ng er possible in South V ie tnam , fo r its “ base’’ — th is feeble b u t rea l na tio n a l bo u r­geois class w h ic h tr ie s to sell its services against the re v o lu tio n to im p e ria lism a t the h ighest p rice — has disappeared in the course o f 20 years o f w ars and revo lu tions.

T he A m ericans have a t th e ir disposal o n ly a fe w m ercenaries, leaders o f p o lit ic a l-re lig io u s sects (C ao-D a i, Hoa-Hoa) w ho rep re ­sent o n ly themselves. F o r the Cao-Dai and Hoa-Hoa troops, com­posed o f landless peasants, demand above a ll the departu re o f the A m erican forces, peace and d iv i­sion o f the land . The Buddh ists, despite the desire o f th e ir leaders to co-operate w ith the A m ericans and the m il ita ry , asp ire in th e ir m a jo r ity fo r a re tu rn to peace, lib e r ty and neu tra lism .

Catholic RoleC e rta in B u d d h is t leaders, l ik e

T h ich T am Chau, are kn o w n in Saigon fo r th e ir n e u tra lis t lean­ings. T he m ost serious popu la r sup po rt o f the D iem reg im e was composed o f C a tho lic refugees (abou t 900, 000) w h o came from the N o rth a fte r the Geneva A c ­cords o f 1954. B u t, settled on the poor lands o f th e h ig h plateaus and liv in g in m ise ry , a num ber o f them f in a lly tu rn e d against D iem .

F in a lly , the re rem a in isolated in d iv id u a ls , pe rpe tua l co llabora ­to rs w ith F rench im p e ria lis m d u r­in g the 1945-54 re v o lu tio n , and the a rm y — sole organized force,

(Continued from Page I )th e ir de libe ra tions, o ff ic ia ls here are said to have decided to do e v e ry th in g possible to p reven t a com parable D om in ican develop­m en t. ”

T he m eaning o f th is shou ld be p e rfe c tly c lear. So fa r as the Johnson a d m in is tra tio n is con­cerned, eve ry m ovem ent fo r social re fo rm conta ins w ith in i t the seeds o f “ C astro ism ” and m ust be crushed in the bud. T h is w i l l lead to a co n tin u in g p o lic y o f seeking to repress eve ry L a t in A m erican m ovem ent fo r social re fo rm and active support to eve ry reac­tio n a ry m il ita r is t w h o seeks to op­pose such reform s.

Mass SupportT h is is w h a t is now happening

in the D om in ican R epub lic w here the c o n s titu tio n a lis t m ovem ent has the sup po rt o f the ove rw h e lm ­in g m a jo r ity o f the popu la tion th ro u g h o u t the is land . N ew s re ­po rts and photos o f dem onstra­tions fro m across the is land in the p re v io us ly c ited issue o f L is t in D ia r io m ake th is clear.

T h is is w h y the coun te r-revo lu ­tio n a ry forces le d by Gen. Wessin y W essin collapsed and w h y the M arines had to take ove r fo r them . T h is is attested to b y one o f the generals in W essin’s ju n ta who, the N ew Y o rk H era ld T rib u n e re ­po rted yesterday, “ said h is troops w e re exhausted a fte r a w eek o f s tree t f ig h t in g w ith the pro-Bosch forces. ” B u t the genera l added: “ I t w i l l be im possib le fo r the rebels to advance w h ile U . S. troops ho ld positions on tw o sides o f th e ir dow n tow n- s trongho ld . ”

Today, B a rn a rd C o llie r, the

H o C h i M in h

the o n ly p i l la r o f the Saigon re ­gim e. B u t here too, the sold iers and lo w -ra n k in g o ffice rs have no desire to f ig h t and to d ie fo r th e ir generals and A m erican im p e r ia l­ism . Some o f them have gone over to the g u e rr illa s w ith th e ir arm s and supplies; others w o rk fo r the N F L ins ide the governm ent arm y.

Concern ing m il i ta r y stra tegy, the bom bings o f N o rth e rn Laos and the n a v a l-a e ria l harassments o f N o rth V ie tn am are a ttem pts to in tim id a te the la tte r and to cu t the sup p ly lines o f th e South V ie t­namese gu e rrilla s .

How ever, in th is regard , the V ie tnam -Laos-C am bod ian borders are m ore th a n a thousand k ilo ­m eters lo ng and go th ro u g h m oun­ta ins, ju ng les and plateaus. The bom bing o f the lines can slow th in gs down, com plica te the tra n s ­ports, b u t ne ve r com p le te ly stop them . B u t i t ignores, above a ll, the fa c t th a t the N L F a rm y is re ­c ru ite d fro m peasant vo lun teers in

H e ra ld T rib u n e correspondent in Santo D om ingo, reported :

“ The U . S. m a in ta ins th a t the pro-Bosch m ovem ent has fa lle n under C om m unis t dom ina tion . B u t the appearance is th a t the U . S. troops are in e ffe c t f ig h tin g in the nam e o f B rig . Gen. E lias W essin y W essin and fe llo w o f­fice rs o f the anti-Bosch m il ita ry ju n ta w h o s it a t San Is id ro be­h in d thousands o f A m erican troops and c y n ic a lly use the U . S. fo r th e ir ow n purpose. ”

The U . S. decision to take over fro m the defeated m ilita r is ts can lead to a te r r ib le b lood ba th. The h o r r ify in g poss ib ilities are po inted to b y B a rn a rd C o llie r. He w rite s :

“ A m ong bo th na tives and A m e r­icans in Santo Dom ingo fea r grew yeste rday th a t a lo om ing takeover o f the e n tire cap ita l b y the U . S. troops w o u ld re s u lt in a m a jo r p o lit ic a l, d ip lo m a tic and social catastrophe. . .

“ ‘D ip lo m acy has com ple te ly broken dow n here, ’ one tired A m e rica n o ff ic e r said. ‘T h is is botched up and dangerous, and i t tu rn s m y stom ach’. . .

“ T he M arines and paratroopers fea r th a t no ava ilab le nu m ber o f men, n o t even tw ice the 12, 000 o r m ore a lrea dy here, cou ld w ip e out the rebe l forces w ith o u t having to w re ck the c ity w ith a r t il le ry , grenades and bazookas.

“ I f th a t o rd e r is g iven, hard­b itte n U . S. o ffice rs a d m it re luc­ta n tly , countless c iv ilia n s w i l l be k il le d and even then Santo D om ingo can never re a lly be con­sidered safe fo r U . S. c itizens — o r anyone w h o looks l ik e an A m e r­ican. ”

South V ie tn am w h o f ig h t to cap­tu re arm s fro m the enem y, w h o re p a ir these arm s and m anu fac­tu re m u n itio ns in arsenals set up in the South V ietnam ese c o u n try ­side.

M il i ta r i ly , th is a rm y (a round20, 000 m en; in c lu d in g m il it ia , 100, -. 000 m en ) is ob v io us ly be tte r equipped than in preced ing years: now th e y have heavy m o rta rs and 55 m m . reco illess cannons. M ore ­over, the y have bene fited from , precious experience accum ulated in the course o f n ine years o f re v ­o lu tio n a ry w a r against F rench im p e ria lism .

P o lit ic a lly and soc ia lly , d u a l po w e r t r u ly ex is ts in South V ie t­nam . T he N L F , w h ic h con tro ls tw o - th ird s o f the cou n try , fun c ­tions as an au then tic s ta te o rgan­iza tion whose po w e r extends r ig h t up to the m ost im p o rta n t c itie s o f the cou n try , in c lu d in g the cap ita l. In the cou n try , n o t o n ly in the lib e ra te d zones b u t even in the reg ions ostens ib ly c o n tro lle d by the governm ent arm ies, th e y have gone ahead w ith the ag ra ria n re ­fo rm , som eth ing ne ve r accom­plished in South V ie tn am d u r in g the re vo lu tio n o f 1945-54. ( I t was voted b y the p a rlia m e n t o f the re v o lu tio n a ry governm ent on ly a t the end o f Decem ber, 1953, about th ree m onths before the b a ttle o f D ien B ie n P hu . ) M ore tha n 3, 750, - 000 acres o f la nd have been d is­tr ib u te d to the poor peasants, “ m a rk in g the beg inn ing o f the p o lic y o f ag ra rian re fo rm . ” (P o l­it ic a l organ o f the W orke rs P a rty o f V ie t Nam , O ctober 1964. )

Led By PRP

W h ile i t fo rm a lly appears to be a f ro n t o f na tio n a l un io n , the N L F is, in fac t, led b y the P o p u la r Rev­o lu tio n a ry P a rty (C o m m un is t P a r­ty o f the South, whose “ ties” w ith the W orke rs P a r ty o f the N o rth are no t in d o u b t) w h ic h w rite s : “ The lib e ra t in g a rm y fig h ts to rea lize the fun dam e nta l tasks o f the na tiona l dem ocra tic re vo lu tio n led b y the p ro le ta r ia t, con tinu ing the w o rk o f the re v o lu tio n o f Sep­tem be r 1945, lib e ra tin g the South and ach iev ing the re u n ific a tio n o f the co u n try . ”

O n the o ther hand, con fron ted w ith its ow n prob lem s in the V ie t- namese re vo lu tio n , the W orkers P a rty o f V ie t N am has e xp e ri­enced, in the same m an ne r as the Chinese C om m unis t P a rty , an evo lu tio n on th e questions o f strugg le against im p e ria lism , the road to socialism , w a r and peace, the stages o f the co lon ia l re vo lu ­tio n — positions d e f in ite ly m ore co rre c t tha n p rev ious ly .

The Process

O n the la s t po in t, fo r exam ple:“ T he n a tu re o f the p resen t re v ­

o lu tio n a ry process in th e coun­tr ie s o f Asia , A fr ic a and L a t in A m erica is th a t o f the bourgeois dem ocra tic re v o lu tio n w ith a na­tio n a l and dem ocra tic content. B u t, since i t develops in a con tex t o f w o r ld p ro le ta r ia n revo lu tion , w h ere there a re ove r a b illio n people l iv in g un de r socia lism , i t has the capac ity o f tra n s fo rm in g its e lf in to a process o f pe rm anent re v o lu tio n , tra n s fo rm in g its e lf thus in to a soc ia lis t re v o lu tio n , leap ing ove r the stage o f cap ita lis t developm ent. ” (P o lit ic a l and the o re tica l organ o f the W orkers P arty , No. 2, 1964. )

The c u rre n t p ic tu re o f South V ie tnam appears s im ila r in its b road ou tlines. The genera l m ise ry has reached a le v e l never kn o w n under F rench co lon iza tion , except fo r the pe riod o f Japanese occupa­tio n (1938-1945). The N L F con tro ls the vast m a jo r ity o f the cou n try , en joys the sup po rt o f a l l the w o rke rs and peasants, and a good p a rt o f the in te llig e n ts ia , a rm y, a d m in is tra tio n , etc. I t receives aid o f a l l k in d s fro m the c itie s and fro m the cap ita l, Saigon, w here a t n ig h t its m il i t ia pa tro ls and its th e a tr ic a l com panies p u t on p lays in the w o rk ing -c la ss d is tric ts .

. . . U. S. Attack on Dominicans

Eyewitness Describes Dominican Events

Why Counter-Revolu tion Is Doomed

Page S ix T H E M IL IT A N T M onday, M a y 10, 1965

C onsiderab le B irth Pains Evident

World EventsChileans H it V ie tnam W a r

A series o f m eetings and street ra llie s p ro te s ting the U . S. w a r in V ie tn a m have been he ld in C h ile since M arch 16, w hen re v o lu tio n ­a ry M a rx is t o rgan iza tions spon­sored a mass m ee ting th a t saw the b u rn in g o f U nc le Sam in e ff ig y . U n iv e rs ity con tingen ts h a v e bu rned th e U . S. f la g a t tw o cam ­puses. A t the beg inn ing o f A p r i l a C om m ittee to S uppo rt the Rev­o lu tio n in South V ie tnam was o r­ganized. T he w a lls o f Santiago arc covered w ith slogans accusing the U. S. o f m u rd e rin g the V ietnam ese people.

'Policeman o f Colonia lism 'P o lish gove rnm en t head W la -

d is la w G om ulka , u s u a lly q u ite soft-spoken in respect to U . S. im ­p e ria lism , has spoken o u t sha rp ly fo r a change, re fle c tin g the pres­sure o f the V ie tn a m cris is . A t a M ay D a y r a l ly he declared the U . S. had “ become the po licem an o f co lon ia lism ” and was t ry in g “ w ith the a id o f a d ir ty w a r, bombs, napa lm , and gas” to b reak th e “ s p ir it o f freedom and in de ­pendence” o f the V ietnam ese. He said the same was t ru e o f the “ b ru ta l A m e rica n in te rv e n tio n ” in the D om in ican Republic.

Deutscher on Trotsky on TVIsaac D eutscher was in te rv ie w ed

on na tio n a l F rench te lev is ion A p r i l 14 abou t the th ird vo lum e o f h is b iog raphy o f Leon T ro tsky , w h ic h ju s t cam e ou t in F rench. ' A sked abou t ho w T ro ts k y is v iew ed today in th e USSR, D eu t­scher to ld th is anecdote: Some S ov ie t students w ere read ing one

o f T ro ts k y ’s books secre tly a t the hom e o f the son o f a h igh p a rty o ff ic ia l, w hen the fa th e r suddenly came in . “ D o you kn o w you can get 15 years in p rison fo r w h a t you ’re do ing? ” he w arned them . “ F ifte e n years ! ” O ne o f them re ­sponded, “ W e kno w , b u t the book is w o rth i t . ”

V ic to r A llen ReleasedD r. V ic to r A lle n , the Leeds U n i­

v e rs ity le c tu re r w h o was sen­tenced fo r a yea r in N ig e ria on “ se d itio n " charges in the w ake o f las t sum m er’s genera l s tr ike , has w on release. D r. A lle n w e n t on a hunger s tr ik e M arch 17 to pro test u n w a rra n ted delays in he a ring his appeal. P rodded in to action , the W estern N ig e ria H ig h C ourt heard a rgum ent, uphe ld D r. A lle n A p r i l 15 and reduced h is sentence to fo u r m on ths; he was sentenced la s t N ov. 10. B u t the th ree N ig ­e ria n trade un ion is ts sentenced w ith h im are p resum ab ly s t i l l be ing he ld on the same d iscred ited charges.

Angolans R eport Sa insT he N a tio n a l L ib e ra tio n A rm y

o f A ngo la [A L N A ] has issued a re p o rt on actions o f the A ngolan freedom fig h te rs in the la s t, p a rt o f M arch , in c lu d in g the fo llo w in g successes: Angolans b le w u p a locom otive and tw o fre ig h t cars some 50 m iles fro m M alage; a t the Cabulo cataracts, A L N A forces de­fea ted a Salazarist. a tta ck on a tem po ra ry cam p, k i l l in g s ix and w o un d in g several;. ¿on Mar ch 16 a cam p o f the co lon ia l a rm y was h i t and the enemy, ^ t re a te d , le av ­in g a im s and ¡¿applies, to the A L N A ; on M a rch 22 a Portuguese

ven tion , “ A Proposa l Concerning the F o rm u la tio n o f a P rog ram , ” begins b y asserting: “ A t the p re ­sent stage in the deve lopm ent o f the m ovem ent i t w i l l p ro b a b ly no t be possible to fo rm u la te a d e fin ite re v o lu tio n a ry p rogram . ”

W h ile n o t y e t ready to “ fo rm ­u la te a re v o lu tio n a ry p ro g ra m , ” the leaders o f P L came to the conven tion fu l ly a rm ed w ith a set o f o rgan iza tiona l proposals cu lled fro m the arsenal o f S ta lin ism . To begin w ith , fac tions, tendencies o r group ings, w h ic h M i l t Rosen stigm atizes as “ T ro ts k y ite no­tions, ” a re banned. In ad d ition : “ E v e ry m em ber and eve ry body o f the P a rty m ust p a rtic ip a te in o r­ganized sessions o f c r it ic is m and s e lf-c r itic is m on a re g u la r basis. ”

W h a t th is la tte r exercise in in ­d iv id u a l and g ro up th e ra p y means, was spelled ou t b y M i l t Rosen in an a rtic le in th e Jan . -Feb. 1965 issue o f Progressive L a b o r. “ Some o f o u r cadre rece ive c r it ic is m , ac­cep t i t in words, and don’t change one io ta , ” Rosen com pla ins. “ They con tinue th e ir h a rm fu l ways. They in fa c t ac t in such w a y as to unde rm ine the m ovem ent, u n in ­te n tio n a lly . N o m a tte r how pe r­suasive, pa tien t, o r co rre c t the c r i­tic is m is, the com rade shows no change; perhaps he gets s icker. T h is requ ires a d iffe re n t approach. One m ust become a l i t t le rougher. A c tu a lly , th e p a tie n t is n o t sick enough to recognize h is illness. M ake h im ‘s ic k e r/. Y e ll a t h im , ‘k n o ck ’ h im in the head. W hen he is s ick enough m aybe he w i l l res­pond to lo v in g care. I f n o t he needs a leave o f absence to re ­f le c t m ore on h is a ttitudes, h is po l­it ic a l developm ent. Rem ove h im fro m the scene, te m p o ra rily , be­fo re m ore damage is done. ” Thus D octo r Rosen on the app lica tion o f S ta lin is t th e ra p y in the gentle a r t o f "c r it ic is m and se lf-c ritic ism . ”

T he same graduate p ra c titio n e r o f S ta lin ’s quack m edica l school ( in the a rtic le c ited above) sets fo r th as one o f h is proposed “ o r­gan iza tiona l p rinc ip le s , ” the ed ic t th a t: “ N o c lu b w i l l re c ru it a

m em ber w h o p re se n tly belongs to a n y T ro ts k y ite , CP, o r o th e r coun­te r-re v o lu tio n a ry sect. ” T h is was la te r changed b y “ D octo r” Rosen in h is p re sc rip tio n to the conven­tio n : “ A m em ber m ay n o t h o ld d u a l m em bersh ip in organ izations whose po lic ies are ob je c tive ly c o u n te r-re v o lu tio n a ry . R ev is ion is t and T ro ts k y is t o rgan iza tions are o b je c tiv e ly c o u n te r - re v o lu t io n ­a ry . . . ”

T h is m ed ic ine proved a b i t too b it te r fo r the taste o f the con­ven tion delegates w h o voted to re ­ta in o n ly the f i r s t sentence leav­in g to the d iscre tion o f the good doctor and his associates to decide w h ic h o rgan iza tions are o r 'a re no t “ o b je c tiv e ly co u n te r-re v o lu ­t io n a ry . ” T hey also corrected a sm a ll ove rs ig h t in Rosen’s “ o r ­gan iza tiona l p r in c ip lé s ” b y am end­m ents f ro m the f lo o r p ro v id in g th a t: “ M em bers w h o are to be con­sidered fo r exp u ls ion have the r ig h t to t r ia l b y th e c lub . T hey are to be considered innocen t u n t il p roven g u ilty ; be acqua inted w ith the charges against th e m in ad­vance o f the t r ia l ; have the r ig h t to question and present w i t ­nesses, ” etc.

T here was a he a lth y no te o f suspicion in the ra n k s ove r the h o r r ib ly m u tila te d vers ion o f “ dem ocra tic cen tra lism ” presented b y the S ta lin is t- im p re g n a te d tops. I t is estim ated th a t some 25 per cen t o f the o rgan iza tion , in c lu d in g p ra c tic a lly the w ho le o f the top leadership, came o u t o f the CP satu ra ted w ith the v iru s o f S ta l­in ism . T h e ir professed a im is to restore the S ta lin im age, to ape h is o rgan iza tion methods, to re ­fu rb is h ’ the m y th o f S ta lin as h e ir and c o n tin u a to r o f the the o ry and p ractice o f M a rx ism -L e n in ism . A hopeless task.

Gone fo re v e r are the cond itions th a t created a S ta lin . The a tte m p t to tu rn back the c lock o f h is to ry can o n ly resu lt in c rea ting a h id ­eous ca rica tu re w h ic h a l l o f the m ed ic ine m en w ho m a tr ic u la te d in the school o f S ta lin ism cannot in ves t w i th e ith e r he a lth o r hope.

SWP Official Says Reporter Manufactured "Interview"

convoy was am bushed and three veh ic les destroyed; on M arch 25 a v io le n t clash w ith a Portuguese p a tro l le f t n in e c o lo n ia lis t and f iv e A ngo lan dead; the A L N A s u r­prised ano the r Portuguese force M arch 27, k i l l in g three and ta k in g one.

Japanese Editors ProtestA group o f Japanese ed ito rs has

pro tested to the U . S. ambassador in T okyo ove r an in s u lt in g re ­m a rk b y tw o h igh State D e pa rt­m e n t o ff ic ia ls ; the tw o had said th a t the e d ito r ia l s ta ffs o f A sah i and M a in ic h i, the tw o b iggest cap­ita l is t newspapers, w e re “ h e a v ily in f i lt ra te d b y C om m unists. ” A sah i and M a in ic h i have c ritic ize d U . S. p o lic y in V ie tnam . W ashington seems bent on a lien a tin g lead ing c irc les am ong its Japanese allies, as i t has a lready those o f In d ia and Pakistan.

M eanw h ile , 6. 5 m il l io n Japanese p a rtic ip a te d in M ay D a y dem on­s tra tion s a t some 750 places. The keyno te o f the dem onstra tions was opposition to the U . S. w a r in V ie t­nam.

'A n y th in g But T ha t! '“ F o r G od’s sake, gentlem en, do

som eth ing. B u t do i t soon, w ith the urgency th a t the s itu a tio n re ­qu ires, to m ake sure th a t the D o­m in ica n people a re n o t fo rced in to a na tio n a lis tic s trugg le against the U. S. troops. ” — José A n to n io B o ­n i l la A tile s , lo n g -tim e p ro -U . S. D om in ican d ip lo m a t and represen­ta tiv e o f the m il ita ry ju n ta , speak­in g a t the m eeting o f the O rgan­iza tio n o f A m erican States ca lled to take steps fo r an “ O A S -spon- sored” D om in ican cease-fire .

N E W Y O R K , A p r i l 30 — The fo llo w in g le tte r was sent today to the N o rth A m erican Newspaper A llian ce .

* * *

G entlem en:W e have ju s t rece ived a copy

o f a N A N A news dispatch, under the b y lin e o f one M a r t in A ru n d e l, pub lished in the A p r i l 19 issue o f the San Francisco C hron ic le , consisting in p a rt o f com ple te ly fab rica ted statem ents a ttr ib u te d to “ a top o f f ic ia l” o f the S ocia lis t W orke rs P a rty , w h ic h cons titu te c r im in a l l ib e l against o u r organ­iza tio n and its o f f ic ia l spokesmen.

Y o u r M r. A ru n d e l c ites a “ top o f f ic ia l” o f the S oc ia lis t W orke rs P a r ty as h is source fo r the state­m en t th a t the “ Progressive La bo r M ovem en t (P L M ). . . has a dona­t io n o f $100, 000 to w o rk w ith in its e ffo rts to fo rm a ‘new U . S. C om m unis t P a rty , ' rece ived fro m “ a w e a lth y fo rm e r e d ito r o f a n o w d e fu n c t p ro -C om m unis t m agazine. ” T h is o u tr ig h t fa ls if ic a ­t io n is com pounded b y the libe lous s lander th a t o u r spokesmen “ im ­p lie d th a t the y w o u ld co-operate w ith an F B I in ves tig a tion o f the P L M . ”

The fa c t is th a t no sta tem ent o f any k in d was g iven to M a rt in A ru n d e l b y any o ff ic ia l o f the S oc ia lis t W orke rs P a rty . H e stag­gered in to o u r headquarters la te one a fte rnoon d ru n k e r than a lo rd , s tin k in g to h igh heaven o f cheap w in e and canned heat. He m um bled som eth ing abou t hav ing been ejected fro m the P L M con­ve n tio n — p ro ba b ly w ith good cause — and w h ine d about hav ing to m eet a s to ry assignm ent dead­

lin e th a t a fternoon.H e was in fo rm e d th a t a n y th in g

w e had to say about P L M o r any o th e r g roup w o u ld be said p u b lic ly in o u r o w n press, was expressly w arned against qu o tin g the SW P o r its spokesmen as h is source in any s to ry he was in the process o f concocting, and was p o lite ly shown the door. A p p a re n tly be staggered in to the nearest b ar w here , a fte r a fe w m ore rounds in a los ing bo u t w ith John B a rle y ­corn , he fab rica ted the com p le te ly fan tas tic account w h ich was d u t i­f u l ly sent ove r y o u r w ire service to y o u r na ive c lien ts.

H e ap p a re n tly “ m et h is dead­lin e ” b u t w ith a ta le so u tte r ly devoid o f t ru th and so h ig h ly colored b y fan tasy th a t i t cou ld o n ly be construed as the vaporings o f a fevered im a g in a tio n stoked w ith the a lcoho lic fum es o f the ro t- g u t A ru n d e l had been p o u rin g dow n h is gu lle t. I n a w o rd , y o u r M r. A ru n d e l was ob v io u s ly s u ffe r­in g fro m an acute case o f d e lir iu m trem ens w hen he f ile d h is s to ry . B u t th a t does n o t excuse y o u r broadcasting i t over the w ire s o f y o u r press service.

W e dem and an im m e d ia te p u b lic re tra c tio n o f the libe lous state­ments a ttr ib u te d to the SW P and

-its spokesmen. A n d please, fo r the good o f a l l concerned, in s tru c t yo u r M r. M a r t in A ru n d e l to stay aw ay fro m o u r o ffices; o therw ise w e sha ll fee l constra ined to spray the b a r f ly w ith F l i t , o r some m ore e ffe c tiv e insectic ide, to r id the prem ises o f h is ve rm inous pres­ence.

T O M K E R R YS oc ia lis t W orke rs P a rty

The Progressive Labor Party's Founding ConventionB y T o m K e r r y

T he cris is th a t h i t the A m e r­ican C om m unis t P a rty fo llo w in g K h r u s h c h e v ’s d e -S ta lin iza tio n speech a t th e 20th Congress o f th e S o v ie t C om m un is t P a rty (1956), the Poznan re v o lt and the H u n g a ria n up ris in g , gave rise to a p ro tra c te d in te rn a l s trugg le tha t te rm in a te d in a w h o le series o f sp lits and sp litle ts . T h e fac tion le d by , John Gates, fo rm e r e d ito r o f t h e . - D a ily W o rke r, w h ich sought to accelerate the process o f d e -S ta lin iz a tio n and “ independ­ence” f ro m Moscow, was defeated b y the g roup le d b y W ill ia m Z. Foster.

T he F oster fa c tio n ba lked a t in ­te rp re tin g K hru shch ev ’s a ttack on S ta lin as a com ple te re p ud ia tio n o f th e ge n ia l b u tch e r and insisted th a t h is “ good deeds” ou tw e ighed h is bad and h is “ e rro rs ” w e re o f f ­set b y h is “ po s itive achievem ents. ” T h is bookkeeper’s approach to p o l­it ic s c a rr ie d the d a y against the G atesites w ho, s tigm atized as “ re ­v is io n is t, ” vo ted w ith th e ir feet, abandon ing the C P to disappear in to the lim b o o f p o lit ic a l o b liv io n . S erious ly i l l , F oster la te r re tire d f ro m ac tive leadersh ip respon­s ib ili ty .

I t was n o t long, how ever, be­fo re the new CP heads came un de r a ttack f ro m th e “ le f t ” fo r succum bing to “ rev is ion ism . ” T here fo llo w e d a series o f “ le ft is t ” s p lit le ts le d b y the “ P rov is ion a l O rgan iz ing C om m ittee to Recon­s titu te the M a rx is t-L e n in is t Com ­m u n is t P a r ty in the U . S. A ., ” a g ro up in N e w E ng land organized a round the m im eographed p u b ­lic a tio n , H am m er & Steel, and a g ro u p in N ew Y o rk led b y M il t Rosen, fo rm e r CP trade un ion d i­re c to r, w h ic h fo rm ed the P ro ­gressive L a b o r M ovem ent, in th a t o rder.

W h a t characterizes a ll o f these g ro up le ts is the c la im o f each th a t they , and o n ly they, are the tru e exponents o f “ M a rx ism -L e n in ­ism , ” the le g it im a te he irs to S ta­l i n ’s m an tle and the in de fa tigab le w a rr io rs against “ rev is ion ism ”

and “ T ro tsky ism . ” Each, o f course, accuses the o th e r o f k n u c k lin g under to “ rev is ion ism ” and be ing s o ft on T ro tsky ism . Each takes a d im v ie w o f the o ther’s prospects o f em erg ing as “ the ” M a rx is t- L e n in is t P a rty o f the U . S. A .

T h e Jan ua ry 1965 issue o f H am m er & Steel N ew s le tte r, fo r exam ple, announces th e launch ing o f its contender, th e “ N e w E ng­land P a rty o f L a b o r, ” and advises Progressive L a b o r and Progres­sive O rgan iz ing C om m ittee to g ive u p the ghost. W e are ins truc ted th a t: “ P L & POC m ay take a pos i­t iv e pos ition on one o r another question ; th e y m ay cham pion cer­ta in necessary re form s, b u t th e ir aversion to s e lf-c r itic is m , th e ir d is lik e fo r the o re tica l discussion, th e ir con tem pt fo r theory , guaran­tees th a t th e y cannot develop a M a rx is t-L e n in is t P a rty in a th o u ­sand years. ”

Despite th is d ishea rten ing pe r­spective, P L decided to proceed w ith the fo rm a tio n o f its vers ion o f a recons titu ted “ M a rx is t-L e n in ­is t C om m unis t” p a rty , an event w h ich too k place in N e w Y o rk C ity d u r in g the recent Easter weekend. A f te r some th ree years o f existence the tra n s itio n fro m “ m ovem ent” to “ p a r ty ” was con­sum m ated, no t w ith o u t consider­ab le b ir th pains.

B y its v e ry na tu re , a “ m ove­m en t” im p lie s the presence o f d i­verse and c o n flic tin g tendencies. L e n in ’s g rea t c o n tr ib u tio n to M a rx is m in the sphere o f organ­iza tion was his insistence on m ax­im u m p ro g ra m m a tic c la r ity to en­sure e ffe c tive s tr ik in g power. L e n in a lw ays began f ir s t w i th the p a rty p rog ram as the ax is around w h ich to assemble the p a r ty cadre. Those steeped in the S ta lin school o f po litics begin the o th e r w ay around.

The leaders o f P L M set o u t to cheat h is to ry b y fo rm in g an “ ac­t io n ” o rgan iza tion w h ic h was to p ro v id e the spa rk to “ e le c tr ify ” the masses. M an y o f those co r­ra lle d in one action o r another cou ld b y no s tre tch o f the im a ­

g in a tio n be considered e ith e r “ M a rx is t” o r even re fo rm is t so­c ia lis t. The resu lt was a series o f fo rays o f an a d ven tu ris tic charac­te r w h ic h fizz led ou t, sometimes w ith in d iv id u a l v ic tim iza tion s , o the r tim es in re p ud ia tio n as in H azard , K y ., M onroe, N . C., etc.

T h is experience le d to consider­ab le “ s e lf-c r it ic is m ” a t the P L conven tion and the decis ion to fun c tion , he rea fte r, as an “ open” o rgan iza tion ; i. e., to open ly avow the “ com m un is t” cha racte r o f the g roup w hen ta k in g p a rt in any actions. W e do ub t w h e th e r th is w i l l p ro v id e the necessary co r­rection . F o r a f te r th ree years o f existence th e o n ly docum ent on p rogram in troduced to the con-

S ta lin

M onday, M a y 10, 1965 TH E M IL IT A N T Page Seven

L e t t e r s F r o m O u r R e a d e r s

[ T h is co lum n is an open fo ru m fo r a l l v ie w p o in ts on s u b je c ts o f genera l in te res t to o u r readers. Please keep y o u r le tte rs b r ie f. W here necessary the y w i l l b e abridged . W rite rs ’ in it ia ls w i l l be used, names be ing w ith h e ld u n le s s a u th o riz a tio n is g iven fo r u s e . ]

V o m it G as fo r KKK?N e w Y o rk , N . Y .

P res iden t Johnson opposed the idea o f a boyco tt o f A labam a on the grounds th a t i t w o u ld h u r t in ­nocen t people as w e ll as g u ilty ones. T h is same k in d o f concern,

10 T ears Ago In The M ilita n t

fiiHHiiiiiiiiniiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiHiiiiiiiimiiiiimii?

“ in re fugee-crow ded Saigon, c a p ita l o f South V ie tn am , the past w eek saw she lls bu rs ting , tanks ro llin g , and m ach ine guns f i r ­in g as the puppe t p o lit ic ia n s o f F rench im p e ria lism fo u g h t fo r po w e r against the p u pp e t p o li­tic ians o f U . S. im p e ria lism . The help less in h a b ita n ts o f the teem ­in g Indo-Chinese c ity ra n scream ­in g w ith th e ir c h ild re n fro m p i t i ­ab le shan ty tow n s as m o rta r f ire set them ablaze and as m ach ine- gun f ire raked the streets.

“ The f ig h t in g began w hen the U . S. puppet, P re m ie r Ngo D in h D iem , t i l l now a powerless f ig u re ­head, tr ie d to squeeze ou t the Saigon C h ie f o f Police. T h is was a cha llenge n o t o n ly to the crim e synd ica te w ith its ow n a rm y , the B in h X uye n , b u t to F rench -ow ned Bao D a i, the C h ie f o f S tate, w ho is D iem 's superio r. . .

“ W h ile h is U . S. fr ie n d s w ere bu y in g u p p o litic ia n s and generals fo r h im , D iem k idnapped G eneral N guyen V an V y , w h om C h ie f o f S tate Bao D a i had p u t in com­m and o f the South V ietnam ese a rm y . . . D iem . . . organ ized a m ee ting o f h is supporters, w h ich appo in ted a ‘ re v o lu tio n a ry ’ com ­m ittee . T h is com m ittee thereupon declared Bao D a i deposed and gave the po w e r to P re m ie r Diem....

“ T he S tate D e pa rtm e n t stooges in Saigon declared th e ir ‘ re v o lu ­t io n ’ against th e ‘le g a l’ govern­m e n t o f Bao D a i on S atu rday, A p r i l 30. T he S unday e d it io n o f the T im es had an e d ito r ia l h a il­in g i t and c a llin g the ha n d fu l o f D ie m , supporte rs beh ind it , a ‘po pu la r assem bly’ ” — M a y 9, 1955.

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20 Years Ago |rttnnnimtiiuiiiMimiHiiiMiiiimmiHiiMiimiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiHimiiHiimiK?

“ In the f i r s t m ass-scale defiance o f a gove rnm en t s tr ik e -b re a k in g ‘seizure’ and the S m ith -C o n n a lly a n t i-s tr ik e la w , 72, 000 m il ita n t ha rd coal m ine rs in P ennsylvan ia yeste rday ignored Secre tary Ickes’ ba ck -to -w o rk dead line f ix e d in his u lt im a tu m o f las t Thursday.

“ Ickes, ac tin g on P res iden t T ru ­m an’s orders, ‘seized’ the s truck m ines and com m anded the s tr ike rs to re tu rn to the p its n o t la te r than yesterday. T he ‘seizure’ consisted o f ho is ting A m e rica n flags over the m ine p rope rties and c loak ing the m ine opera tors and th e ir supe rv iso ry agents in governm en­ta l a u th o rity .

“ B u t n o t a m in e r has broken ran ks o r w ilte d u n d e r the govern­m en t th rea ts and the h o w ls o f rage o f the d o lla r p a trio ts and, then- k e p t press. N ine so lid loca ls re p re ­sen ting 10, 000 m em bers in U n ited M in e W orke rs D is tr ic t 1, w ith headquarters a t W ilke s -B a rre , Pa., too k the lead; S unday by, vo tin g to con tinue th e ir no -con tra c t, n o ­w o rk po licy . T h is reso lu tion w en t in to e ffe c t Tuesday w ith the ex­p ira t io n o f th e ir o ld con trac t. A l l o ther s tr ik in g loca ls have fo llow ed s u it. ” — M a y 12, 1945.

w e are to ld , is the reason fo r using v o m it gas in V ie tn am so th a t the innocen t in h a b ita n ts w o u ld n o t be b lo w n up, b u t w o u ld o n ly have to re tch th e ir guts o u t w h ile the g u e rr illa s are be ing rounded up.

I t w o u ld seem to fo llo w fro m P res iden t Johnson’s lo g ic tha t v o m it gas should be spread over A la ba m a to fa c il ita te ro u n d in g up the K K K te rro ris ts . S ince the p ro te c tion o f the innocen t w o u ld be the m a in th in g , no one cou ld possib ly ob ject, c e rta in ly n o t Gov. George C. W allace w h o has stated repea ted ly th a t he agrees w h o le ­he a rte d ly w ith P res iden t John­son’s tre a tm e n t o f the V ietnam ese.

R . B.

Blasts N . Y. TimesP ittsb u rg h , Pa.

T w o weeks ago A lic e H erz stood on a s tree t co rne r in D e tro it, po u r­ed a com bustib le liq u id on h e r­self, and set he rse lf a fire .

A s a d a ily reader o f the New Y o rk T im es, i t came as a surprise to me w hen I happened to le a rn d u r in g a weekend v is i t to D e tro it th a t an A m e rica n w om an had m ade th is u lt im a te pro test against the c r im in a l w a r be ing waged against the people o f Southeast A sia .

M y susp ic ion aroused, I s c ru ti­n ized th e M arch 27 and 28 New Y o rk T im es fo r m en tion o f A lice H e rz ’ s a c r ific ia l death. Needless to say, the re was none.

Gentlem en- o f the Tim es: You saw f i t to b la ck ou t th is sacrifice o f an A m erican wom an. F o r th is ac t o f a rro ga n t ignorance, m ay you be damned!

E. B.

[A v e ry b r ie f re p o rt o f M rs. H erz ’ death appeared in the La te C ity E d itio n o f the M a rch 27 New Y o rk T im es. T he re p o rt d id no t appear, how ever, in the C ity E d i­t io n w h ic h is the one m a iled to o u t-o f- to w n subscribers. E d i t o r . ]

C irc u la tio n BuilderM atapan, Mass.

I am enclosing one d o lla r to pay fo r tw o fo u r-m o n th in tro d u c to ry subscrip tions w h ic h I am sending to fr ie n d s as a g if t . A paper Such as you rs needs a w id e r audience. L e t us hope its c irc u la tio n dou­bles, o r even tr ip le s , in the days to come. B o th t r u th and m an w i l l p re va il. A n d papers such as yours w i l l have no sm a ll p a r t in i t a ll. C a rry on the good w o rk .

E . P.

Benefit fo r M a lco lm 's Fam ilyN e w Y o rk , N. Y .

I was a t the A p o llo thea tre in H a rle m las t F r id a y n ig h t w hen the C om m ittee o f Concerned M others sponsored a b e n e fit fo r th e w id o w and fo u r c h ild re n o f M a lco lm X . T h e A p o llo is as close as a n y th in g is to be ing the h e a rt o f H a rlem .

Though th e show started a t m id ­n igh t, i t looked lik e a fu l l house, a t least fro m th e second balcony. A lo t o f b ig names pe rfo rm ed in ­c lu d in g Sam m y D avis J r., Roy H a m ilto n and L o rd B urgers , who sang the songs he w ro te l ik e “ Is ­la nd in the Sun” and “ Jam aican F a re w e ll. ” N ina S im one was great w ith re n d itio n s o f “ B ro w n B aby” and “ M iss iss ipp i God D am ! ” The La roque Bey Dancers w e n t over b ig w ith A fr ic a n dances.

Some o f the a rtis ts said they w ere th e re fo r M a lco lm ’s ch ild re n , and some said the y w ere th e re be­cause the y w anted th e ir ow n c h il­dren to rem em ber M a lco lm . James B a ld w in showed up, and D ic k G re­g o ry d ropped in between planes. G rego ry said, “ I ju s t can’t te ll you

w h a t M a lco lm was to me. ” He said be ing a N egro in th is c o u n try is lik e ha v in g “ a b ig b la ck too th ­ache. ” H e said M a lc o lm was the d e n tis t and “ you cou ld go to sleep a t n ig h t kn o w in g he was go ing to f i l l th a t c a v ity in the m orn ing , b u t no w the de n tis t has taken the day o f f and w e ’l l have to f i l l i t ourselves. ”

H e said bene fits l ik e th is w ere necessary because M a lco lm died broke. “ H e cou ld have been a r ic h m an , ” G rego ry continued, “ b u t i f you w a n t to k n o w w h a t a m an is re a lly w o rth , take a ll h is m oney aw ay fro m h im and see w h a t he ’s got le ft . ”

F. H .

Sees SW P C o n firm e d %

M ineo la , N . Y.We n o w have a p la in , c le a r-cu t

exam ple o f w h a t the Socia list W orke rs P a rty has been saying r ig h t along. O n ly a w o rk in g people’s p a r ty can and w o u ld rep ­resent the in te re s t o f th e w o rk in g people.

B e fo re the e lection, the S oc ia lis t W orkers P a r ty said th a t the re was no choice between th e tw o ca p ita l­is t candidates. Does no t th is w a r on -V ie tnam , N o rth o r South, prove it?

N o w Vietnam ese are be ing b low n o u t o f th e ir homes and machine- gunned in the fie lds . People w ho

D on’t Need a House to F a ll on Them — A U P I d ispatch fro m Caracas, Venezuela, rep o rted th a t the D om in ican e x ile co lony there staged a p ro tes t against “ fo re ign in te rve n tio n . ” Th is, the U P I e x ­p la ined w ith ra re ~ d iscernm ent, was “ an apparent a llus ion to the la n d in g o f A m erican m arines in Santo D o m in g o ”

A n o th e r Sundown In te g ra tio n -ist? — T he m ayo r o f B ly th e v ille , A rk ., was ap pa ren tly un im pressed b y th e sad experience th a t Joe T. S m ithe rm an , m ayo r o f Selma, A la ., had in the n a tio n ’s cap ita l. S m ith ­erm an was a lleged ly f lim -f la m m e d b y a W ash ing ton Negro w h o in ­sists th a t he accepted m oney fro m the Selm a segregation is t to p ro ­cure h im a N egro w om an and then , on th e pretense o f le tt in g h im h o ld on to th e m oney, gave h im an envelope o f paper c lip ­p ings and too k o ff. T he B ly th e v il le m ayo r was a rrested-on d iso rd e rly conduct charges a long w ith a m em ber o f h is c ity cou nc il and tw o o th e r people in W ashington fo r the C ham ber o f Com m erce conven tion . P o lice said E dw ards was h o ld in g an envelope o f paper c lipp ing s and th a t one o f the a r­rested m en said th e y had p u t $108 in a s im ila r envelope.

Press In fo rm a tio n in V ie tn am — A U. S. m il i ta r y spokesman in Sai­gon said th a t tw o in fo rm a tio n o f ­fice rs a t Danang had gone a l i t t le fu r th e r t h a n . the y should have w hen the y threatened newsm en w ith expu ls ion fro m V ie tn am i f the y entered any U . S. o ffice rs ' o r en lis ted m en’s c lubs in t h e . D a­nang area.

H ig h Id e a lis t — E lecto M eurcie , w h o le f t Cuba in 1958, to ld a fed ­e ra l judge in N e w a rk th a t he had been se llin g narcotics fo r a lo f ty purpose. He said the proceeds were in tended to f ig h t the Castro reg im e. T he judge, a p p a re n tly un­im pressed ,. gave h im seven years.

Those W ily Cubans — In an A p r i l 25 d ispatch, N ew Y o rk Tim es m il ita ry w r i te r Hanson

w anted se lf-g ove rnm en t and to th ro w o f f the yoke o f th e ir op­pressive ru lers .

T he elected cand idate was the “ good” m an against the “ bad” m an who. lo s t the e lection . T h is w a r cou ld have been avoided i f a la rge S oc ia lis t W orke rs P a r ty vo te had been ro lle d up. O n ly , the m ig h t o f the w o rke rs and fa rm e rs can stop the m ad p lunge o f th e cap ita lis ts.

We m ust f ig h t fo r socia lism . I am 60 years o ld and I haven’t stopped f ig h t in g and I don’ t in te nd to stop fig h tin g .

A w o rke rs and fa rm ers govern­m e n t is the on ly hope o f the w o rk ­in g people.

O. T.

Labor O ff ic ia ls N o H e lpN e w Y ork , N. Y .

A n o th e r M ay 1 (M a y D a y ) has gone dow n the d ra in in th is v e ry poor c o u n try and la b o r m ovem ent o f ours. Thanks to the reac tiona ry and p ro -cap ita lis t leaders w h o ru n o u r m ovem ent.

O u r la b o r leaders have sold ou r m ovem ent and o u r w o rke rs on the la n d to “ th e ir ” m asters, w h o w ith th e ir prom ises o f do lla rs have suc­ceeded in ro b b in g the A m erican w o rke rs o f th e ir re a l A m erican La bo r D a y (M a y 1, 1886), and in ­stead w e (w o rk e rs ) f in d ourselves ce leb ra ting on th a t fake , so-ca lled f i r s t M onday in September. ( I

B a ld w in describes the extensive fo r t if ic a t io n system the Cubans have erected around G uantanam o N a va l Base. “ The ra tio n a le ju s t i fy ­in g the extensive and expensive system , ” B a ld w in b la n d ly w rites , “ is puzz ling to A m ericans here. ” H e adds: "O ne reason, nava l and m a rine o ffice rs th in k , is th a t the new b e lt around G uantanam o, lik e the B e r lin W a ll, is to b lo ck [C u ­ba n ] refugees. ” T he same issue o f the Tim es reported the decla ra tion o f ano the r B a ld w in , the au tho r James, w h o declared th a t the U n ited States is “ the m ost hypo ­c r it ic a l o f a l l countries. ”

P a rtia l H a u l — B u rg la rs looted the N ew Y o rk apa rtm en t o f Coun­tess D an ie lle de V il la rd to the tune o f $100, 000 in jew e ls and fu rs . B u t th a t was o n ly p a r t o f the a p a rt­m en t’s in ven to ry . T h e countess repo rted th a t on h e r re tu rn home she found $250, 000 in stocks and bonds s trew n on the f lo o r and also d iscovered th a t the th ieves had m issed a closet f u l l o f fu rs and an tiqu e je w e lry stored un de r her bed. i

B ig C ity M ora ls — N e w Y o rk is a haven fo r s lum lo rds and sweat­shop operators. K i l le r cops go u n ­punished. Judges upho ld “ con­fessions” beaten ou t o f innocent people. T he school system is se­gregated, overcrow ded and u n d e r­sta ffed. The tra n s it system gets s tead ily worse. A i r p o llu tio n is p e rm itte d to be fou l the c ity . C ity o ff ic ia ls are re g u la r ly caugh t w ith

understand th a t C anadian w o rke rs a lso ce lebra te on the same A m e ri- ca n -ca p ita lis t day? )

Instead^ o u r D a y has been’ 'ire-

nam ed L o y a lty Day, to ho no r the m ost rea c tion a ry and fasc is t groups in th e land , l ik e th e rac is t, w a rh a w k W ar Veterans and Dau g h ters o f the A m erican Revo­lu tio n , and o th e r “ s u p e r-p a tr io t” groups, in c lu d in g the fasc is t-reac­tio n a ry gove rnm en t of' the U n ite d States.

A second re v o lu tio n , to give the people w h a t re a lly be longs to the people ( its governm ent, its human and c iv i l r ig h ts and its f ru its of la b o r) and end the apa thy, con­fo rm ity and fe a r o f the Am erican w o rke r, is w e ll ove rdue in this country .

José (Chico) Cuba

N o te to C o rn e llN e w Y o rk , N. Y .

"H a il to thee. . . C o rn e ll” fo r y o u r rep resen ta tion on th e A p r i l 17 M a rch On W ashing ton against the V ie tn am w a r. A n d to the “ independent” Y . A . F . students w h o staged a s itd o w n in f r o n t o f y o u r buses to p re v e n t y o u fro m le a v in g — yes, w e de fend y o u r r ig h t to dem onstra te against, o r fo r. B u t to obs truc t o thers in a peacefu l assem bly to p e tit io n and pro test against the w a r — No!

F . M . P.

th e ir hands in the t i l l . A n d M a yo r W agner te lls a f ire m e n ’s H o ly Name S ociety b re a k fa s t th a t “ th is c ity has a m uch h ig h e r m o ra l tone than is som etim es though t. ” ...

O u r R a tiona l Society — . T r i­um p h ing over years o f techn ica l d iff ic u lt ie s , the m anu fac tu re rs o f D ia l soap have f in a lly come u p w ith a deodoran t soap th a t is co l­ored w h ite . I t w i l l be sp rung on the bu y in g p u b lic w ith a $7. 5 m illio n a d ve rtis ing cam paign in ­c lu d in g double-page ads in L ife , Look and o th e r mass m edia.

M ere N o th in g — Those w h o l ik e to keep up w ith a l l aspects o f l i fe in the G rea t S ociety m ay be in ­terested in th is b it o f in te llige nce fro m the A p r i l 21 N e w Y o rk T im es: “ P rince and Princess S tan­islas R a d z iw ill gave w h a t the Princess ca lled a ‘ teeny, t in y dance fo r less than 100’ la s t n ig h t. . I t was w e ll-s u p p lie d w ith N e w F ro n ­tie rsm en, some o f w h om have graduated in to th e G rea t Society . . . A five -p ie ce Les te r L a n in ensemble was a t one end, 'bes ide the w indow s. T here w e re b ig bou­quets o f m u lti-c o lo re d sp ring flow ers , some o f w h ic h had been im ported , and lo ts o f champagne. ”

H osp ita l Care — A C o lum b iaU n iv e rs ity su rvey o f 430 cases se l­ected a t random in 98 N ew Y o rk hospita ls disclosed th a t 43 p e r cent had received “ less th a n o p tim a l care. ” T he category was de fined as ran g ing fro m “ fa ir to poo r. ”

Thought fo r the Week“ I f the 82n d A irb o rn e P ara troopers and the M arines do push in to

the n a rro w streets o f the rebe l sector, conserva tive estim ates are tha t m ore tha n 5, 000 w i l l d ie in the f ig h tin g . M a n y o f those w i l l be U n ited States troops. " F ro m a M a y 4 Santo D om ingo d ispatch to . th e N ew Y o rk H e ra ld T rib u n e b y B a rn a rd L . C o llie r.

SPECIAL 50* INTRODUCTORY OFFERTo reach th e w id e s t aud ience w ith o u r

co ve rage o f the Freedom N o w M ovem ent we a re o ffe r in g a 4 -m onth in tro d u c to ry su bscrip tio n to The M il i ta n t fo r 504- ($1 . 50 ou ts ide o f th e U. S. )

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Send to T h e M ili ta n t , 116 U n iv e rs ity P lace, N e w Y o rk , N . Y . 10003.

I t W as Reported in the Press

Page E ight th e MILITANT M onday, M a y 10, 1965

3 N e g r o H o m e s B u r n e d

I n I n d i a n o l a , M i s s i s s i p p i

W ashington Fears Dissenters

T hree "Negro homes and a fre e ­dom house in Ind ian o la , M iss iss ip­p i, w e re h i t w ith f ire bom bs M ay 1. F re d W in n , a w o rk e r fo r the S tuden t N o n v io le n t C o ord ina ting C om m ittee, reported there were ho in ju r ie s . W in n said he was sleeping on the couch in the home o f M rs. Ire n e M ag rud e r w hen one o f the f ire bom bs was th ro w n in to a bedroom . “ M rs. M ag ruder was the f i r s t Negro here to open he r doors to c iv i l r ig h ts w o rke rs , ” said W inn . “ H e r hom e and the D ud ley . W ild e r hom e nearby, burned to 'the g round . ”

T he freedom house, w h ich •houses c iv i l r ig h ts w orkers, was no t as h e a v ily dam aged. T w o w o rke rs w h o w e re in the house said the y saw tw o w h ite men •runn ing aw ay a fte r a M o lo tov co c k ta il had been th ro w n a t the •bu ild ing . T he com b in a tion home and store o f O scar G iles, w ho has been ac tive in th e v o te r reg is tra ­t io n d rive , was also h i t b y a f ire bom b.

T he b u ild in g w h ic h housed the In d ia n o la F reedom School was b u rne d do w n by arsonists e a rlie r th is year. F o r the past fe w weeks, an in te ns ive v o te r reg is tra tio n d r iv e has been u n d e r w a y in Ind ian o la , w i th hundreds o f N e­groes appearing to reg ister. I n ­d iano la is in S u n flo w e r C ounty, the hom e o f S enator James O. Eastland.

IN D IA N O L A , M iss. — In sp ite o f the C iv i l R igh ts A c t o f 1964, i n sp ite o f A b ra h a m L in c o ln , P res­id e n t Johnson, and even M a rt in L u th e r K in g , segregation, oppres­sion and ab je c t p o ve rty are s t i l l h a rd re a lit ie s in S u n flo w e r C oun ty , M iss iss ipp i. In the nearby to w n o f M oorhead a v o te r reg is­tra t io n d r iv e has been go ing on since M arch . B u t s t i l l o n ly about ten o f the 800 N egro residents

Detroit Ghetto Fighters End Picketing of Store

B y D e rr ic k M o rriso nD E T R O IT — T he aim s and aspi­

ra tio ns o f th e b la ck m ilita n ts in the ne ighborhood o f the Azzam stores have su ffe red a setback in a “ se ttlem ent” th a t was reached a fte r a lm ost tw o m onths o f da y - and-n igh t p ic k e tin g o f the store w h e re a 20 -yea r-o ld Negro, John C h ris tia n , was b ru ta lly m urdered b y the w h ite p ro p r ie to r ’s son.

The “ se ttlem ent” — reached a fte r trem endous pressure against th e p ickets b y the press, the courts and th e c ity a d m in is tra tio n — p ro ­v ided th a t p ic k e tin g w o u ld cease, and th a t in re tu rn C oun ty Prose­c u to r O lsen’s o ff ic e w o u ld drop the c h a r g e s o f “ consp iracy” against the p ickets.

Inexperience o f the leadersh ip o f the s to re boyco tt was one fac to r in the setback. A n o th e r was the fa c t th a t the la w ye rs fo r the p icke ts w ere libe ra ls , tie d to the w h ite p o w e r s truc tu re , w h o c r ip ­p led the s trugg le fro m the begin­n in g b y t r y in g to com prom ise i t s h o rt o f v ic to ry .

The h a lt o f the p icke tin g rep ­resents, a t least te m p o ra rily , a de feat fo r the p ickets, whose aim i t was to rem ove Azzam ’s business fro m the com m u n ity . F o r m an y o f the p ickets, th is was th e ir f irs t d ire c t s trugg le w ith the pow er s truc tu re .

In ‘ re ference to the group 's fu tu re a c t iv ity , C om er M cN e il, organ izer o f the boycott, said: “ W e w i l l con tinue to m a in ta in a boyco tt o f Azzam b y ta lk in g to people in the c o m m u n ity and w e w i l l also begin a p o lit ic a l and v o te r educa tion d r iv e in the ne igh­borhood. ” H e said a com m u n ity organ iza tion w o u ld be fo rm ed to dea l w ith ne ighborhood problem s.

Students Smeared on Vietnamthe re have a ttem p ted to reg ister to vote.

O n the even ing o f A p r i l 21, a group o f abou t 40 N egro students, in c lu d in g ch ild re n , got together in the house o f a loca l c itizen and decided th a t som eth ing m ust be done. Som ehow a change had to come. M ost o f them , b e g inn ing at the age o f seven, have w o rked in the fie ld s a t 30 cents an hour. T hey liv e in a to w n w h e re the p a rk sw im m ing poo l is fo r w h ites on ly , and the sum m ers are hot. I f the y w an t to go to the m ovies the y have to s it in the ba lcony on ha rd seats w h ile w h ite people s it be low in padded seats.

M ost o f the people in M oorhead had been ta u g h t th rou gh ha rd e x ­perience th a t to cha llenge th is system was ce rta in death. “ S un­flo w e r R iv e r cries w ith the bodies o f fo lk s w h o have tr ie d to stand up, ” is a fa m il ia r expression there , and a tru e one.

B u t th a t n ig h t these students o f M oorhead decided to t r y to go to the m ovies and s it in the so ft seats in the lo w e r section.

A s the y w e re m arch ing tow a rd the m ov ie in s ing le f ile , the y w ere stopped b y lo ca l po licem en. Bob S trong, spokesman fo r the M issis­s ip p i S tuden t U n io n in M oorhead, was arrested a long w ith Charles Scattergood, a CO FO w o rke r. A po licem an, said S trong, “ asked me w h e re I was go ing and I said to the m ovie and the y said I was u n d e r arrest, so I asked w h a t fo r, and the y said fo r m arch ing w ith ­o u t a p e rm it. ”

A f te r the lin e tu rn e d a round to go back, G era ld A lle n , a senior a t G e n try H ig h School, was also arrested. Some o f the o th e r s tu ­dents w e n t to the c ity h a ll to p ro ­test, T h e y w e re m e t b y lo ca l w h ite m en w ith guns w ho threatened to shoot them unless they tu rned back.

T h e arrested you ths w e re taken to the coun ty p rison fa rm and re ­leased a fte r tw o days in ja i l w ith v e ry l i t t le food. “ On the county fa rm , ” reports Bob S trong, “ a N e ­gro trustee, W ill ie D. Sim m ons, gave us some w a te r. L a te r on we heard h im be ing beaten and he is now back on th e lin e [w o rk gang. ] ”

S E L M A , A la . — T he c iv i l r ig h ts g lam o r and p u b lic ity , the actors and the reporte rs are gone fro m Selm a, b u t the day-to -day , door- to -d o o r w o rk continues. Even w h ile the h is to r ic S e lm a -to -M o n t- gom ery m arch was in progress, c iv i l r ig h ts w o rke rs here spread th e ir o rgan iza tiona l e ffo r ts to the n ine counties su rro u n d in g Dallas County.

These a re areas w h e re the p e r­centage o f Negroes in the popu la ­t io n is h igh , and w h ere the h ighe r i t is, the m ore te r ro r and in tim id a ­t io n are used to keep Negroes from exe rc is ing th e ir righ ts .

W orke rs fro m the S tuden t N on­v io le n t C o o rd ina ting C om m ittee have set up o ffices in the towns o f Y o rk , M a rion , H a ynev ille , G reenboro and M ontgom ery. In Low ndes C oun ty , w h e re the L iu z - zo m u rd e r took place and w here u n t il re ce n tly the re w ere no N e ­groes reg istered to vote, SNCC w o rke rs aided loca l people in set­t in g up th e Low ndes C oun ty Im ­p ro vem e n t Association, and 40 people attem pted to reg is te r a t the courthouse.

W orkers have moved in to P erry , W ilco x , Lowndes, S u m p t e r , G reene, H a le, P ickens, Calhoun and M on tgom ery counties. A l l e x ­cept M on tgom ery and P ickens have ove r 50 pe r cen t Negro popu la tion . G reene and W ilco x have ove r 80 pe r cent. A SNCC fie ld secre ta ry exp la ined : “ M ost o f the w o rk is t ry in g to overcom e fear. W e are t r y in g to organize the people so th e y can so lve th e ir ow n problem s. ”

B y Jack BarnesT he Johnson a d m in is tra tio n ’s

“ in te lle c tua ls , ” led b y Dean Rusk and M cG eorge B undy, and its press spokesmen, le d b y the New Y o rk T im es’ James Reston, have opened an a ttack on the students and professors w h o have been de­ba ting and opposing Johnson’s w a r in V ie tnam . C om plem en ting and sup po rting the a d m in is tra tio n sm ear o f the pro tests have been the attacks on the m il ita n t w in g o f the pro test m ovem ent b y the “ respectable” leaders o f the peace m ovem ent itse lf.

The a d m in is tra tio n o ffen s ive is n o t an a ttem p t to debate o r re fu te the argum ents o f Johnson’s u n i­v e rs ity opposition . I t is an a ttem p t to sm ear the debate as “ irrespon­sib le , " “ d is loya l, ” and as “ ap­peasement, ” and the reby to s tif le it.

T h is heavy-handed a ttack on the s tuden t and professor c r it ic s is a subs titu te fo r a debate th a t is a l­ready los t. I n th is sense i t is p a ra l­le l to the bo m b ing o f N o rth V ie t­nam , w h ic h is a subs titu te fo r the los t ba ttle w ith the N a tio n a l L ib ­e ra tion F ro n t fo r the allegiance o f the V ietnam ese peasantry. T he purpose o f the blasts against the students and professors is no t to convince them b u t to force them to su rrender on the basis o f “ lo y a l­ty ” and “ resp on s ib ility . ”

J o h n s o n D is a s te r

A re a l debate w o u ld be a d is ­aster fo r Johnson. A d m in is tra tio n o ffic ia ls c o n tra d ic t them selves and each o th e r day a fte r day. T hey repea t th e ir oppos ition to a “ w id e r w a r” as the y repea ted ly w iden it . M cN am ara says ten p e r cen t o f the “ V ie t Cong” weapons are cap­tu re d — the State D epartm ent says 30 pe r cent. T w o weeks ago Dean R usk said th a t cam pus c r it ic s show a “ s tubborn d isregard o f p la in facts” and then, in the same speech, stated th a t “ the re is no evidence th a t the V ie t Cong has any s ig n if ic a n t fo llo w in g in V ie t­nam . ”

In response to a g roup o f W ash­in g ton U n iv e rs ity (S t. L o u is ) p ro ­fessors w ho w ro te M cG eorge B u n ­d y th a t “ as scholars w e are ac­customed to question ing and d is ­cussing o u r colleagues’ v ie w . ” B u n ­d y rep lied he found “ strange you r assum ption th a t a p u b lic o ff ic ia l is somehow especia lly accountable to the profession w h ic h he w o rked w ith be fo re com ing to the gove rn ­m en t. ” M cGeorge B u n d y doesn’t

Johnson

“ answ er” to fo rm e r colleagues and students — he “ answ ers" o n ly to Johnson.

T o accept the cha llenge to de­bate fro m students and fo rm e r co l­leagues w o u ld have om inous con­sequences fo r the ad m in is tra tio n . I t w o u ld raise the r ig h t o f the e n tire c itize n ry to debate and de­cide the basic issues o f w a r and peace. I t w o u ld establish the p re ­cedent o f the a d m in is tra tio n ’s re ­s p o n s ib ility to c le a rly ju s t ify , de­fen d and sub m it th e ir po lic ies to the na tion .

T he rea l concern o f the a d m in ­is tra tio n and its responsible spokesmen is n o t in te lle c tu a l hon­esty, academ ic o b je c tiv ity o r “ d is­reg a rd ing o f the p la in facts. ” W hat the y are w o rr ie d abou t is the de­f ia n t a n ti-a d m in is tra tio n m ood o f the teach-ins, debates and dem ­onstrations.

T he students w h o m arched on W ash ing ton and w h o have u n ­covered a lo t o f the t ru th about V ie tn am are n o t “ lo y a l oppos ition­ists” o f the Johnson a d m in is tra ­tion . U n lik e Reston and Johnson’s o the r shamefaced apologists, they are opposing the po lic ies the y m is ­ta k e n ly th o u g h t the y w ere avo id ­in g w hen the y supported Johnson in the las t e lection.

B loody and u n ju s tifia b le in te r ­ven tions b y the U . S. and its a llie s

Denver Socialists Give Views On AFL-CIO TV Broadcast

D E N V E R — W ar o r peace and c iv i l r ig h ts are the key issues con­fro n t in g a ll candidates in every e lection, B a rba ra T a p lin and H o­w a rd W allace, soc ia lis t candidates fo r the School B oard , emphasized in separate T V pane l program s sponsored b y the Colorado Labor C ounc il, A F L -C IO .

“ W e m ust so lve the p o lit ic a l p rob lem o f ob ta in in g a govern­m en t th a t w i l l educate c h ild re n in peace, ” M rs. T a p lin said. “ The A m erican people m ust dem and th a t Johnson stop the V ie tn am w a r no w b y b r in g in g a ll A m erican troops home fro m overseas. ” She proposed th a t m oney fo r educa­t io n a l purposes be ra ised by p u t­t in g a 100 pe r cent governm ent ta x on the p ro fits o f w a r indus­tries.

C r u c ia l P r o b le m

A sked to l is t a t least one p ro b ­lem c ru c ia l enough to be o f gen­e ra l co m m u n ity concern, W allace chose “ the teach ing o f Spanish- A m e rica n and Negro h is to ry in the schools. A lm o s t eve ryw here schools present e ith e r a fa ls ifie d

o r a to ta lly inadequate p ic tu re o f the p a r t Negroes and Spanish- A m ericans have p layed in A m e r­ican h is to ry . ” H e advocated in tro ­d u c tion o f educa tiona l program s and books prepared b y Negro edu­ca tiona l organizations.

B o th socia list candidates stressed the r ig h t o f free assem bly and free speech. S tudents should be encouraged to organ ize c iv i l r ig h ts c lubs in the schools. Negroes and S pan ish-A m ericans should ru n th e ir ow n candidates fo r office . T hey are the o n ly candidates ra is in g th e issues o f h ig h e r teach­e r salaries, co llec tive ba rga in ing and fu l l un ions r ig h ts , in c lu d in g the r ig h t to s trike .

T hey have also been in te rv ie w ed by the C om m ittee on P o lit ic a l E du­ca tion o f the D enver A rea Labor Federation, A F L -C IO , the D enver C lassroom Teachers Association, the Denver Post and the Rocky M ou n ta in News. B efo re the school board e lection on M ay 18, they w i l l also speak a t a series o f p u b ­l ic m eetings organized b y the Den­v e r C oun ty C o un c il o f the P aren t Teacher Association.

in the co lo n ia l re v o lu tio n have occurred m an y tim es in the las t tw e n ty years. B u t, u n t i l the w a r in V ie tnam , the A m e rica n s tu ­dents, w i th the excep tion o f a h a n d fu l o f socialists, have pas­s iv e ly observed th is s la ug h te r w ith l i t t le dissent. Even the K orean w a r, one o f the m ost unpopu la r w a rs in A m erican h is to ry , saw no la rge-sca le s tuden t opposition .

N ew P h e n o m e n o n

T he broad s tuden t oppos ition to the w a r in V ie tnam , and the de­f ia n t cha racte r o f th is opposition, is a s ta r t lin g new phenom enon fo r the ru l in g class. I t n o t o n ly re ­fle c ts a m ore general d issatis fac­t io n in the po pu la tio n as a whole b u t raises the p o s s ib ility o f m o b il­iz in g and s tim u la tin g th is broader opposition . T h is is even m ore d is ­tu rb in g fo r Johnson.

A n ins id ious a ttack on the s tu ­dents comes fro m the a d m in is tra ­t io n ’s stooges and apologizers in the peace m ovem ent. O n A p r i l 16, th e eve o f the M arch on W ashing­ton, e leven leaders o f the t ra d i­t io n a l U. S. peace organ izations issued a statem ent designed to d is ­sociate them selves fro m and to a t­tack “ some o f the elem ents” on the m arch. T h is s ta tem ent p ro ­v ided the N ew Y o rk Post w ith enough a m m u n itio n to b las t the w h o le m arch , and to congra tu la te e d ito r ia lly “ several leaders o f the peace m ovem ent” fo r ha v in g “ taken clear note o f a ttem p ts to c o n ve rt the even t in to a p ro -C o m - m un is t p roduc tion . ”

T h o m a s L e t t e r

A m ong thd signers o f th is sta te­m en t w ere R obe rt G ilm o re , N o r­m an Thom as, and B aya rd R ustin . N o rm an Thom as, in a le tte r to the T im es w r i t te n a fe w days a fte r the m arch, w arned the a d m in is tra tion th a t “ i t ou gh t to k n o w th a t am ong the dem onstra to rs and in the g row ­in g m ovem ent o f pro test are you ng people so outraged b y ou r napa lm bom bs and w h a t has ha p - pended in A labam a and M iss iss ip ­p i th a t th e y rush e m o tio n a lly to em brace V ie tcong. T hey seem to love i t m ore tha n peace and, de­sp ite C om m unism ’s record , be lieve th a t i t stands fo r tru e ‘ freedom . ’ ”

These re d -b a it in g a ttacks fro m these “ respectable” leaders came a fte r the y fa ile d to take co n tro l o f the m arch aw ay fro m the s tu ­dents, in o rd e r to keep o u t the m ore rad ica l elem ents and p re ­v e n t the m arch fro m becom ing a n ti-a d m in is tra tio n . These “ lead­ers” concentra te th e ir f i r e on the m il ita n t and soc ia lis t w in g o f the m ovem ent in an a tte m p t to b lu n t the w h o le m ovem ent and keep i t w ith in “ respectab le” bounds — the bounds o f a v o id in g d ire c t op­pos ition to th e Johnson ad m in is ­tra tion .

Dean Rusk