thinking maps for reading comprehension. thinking maps there are eight thinking processes that the...
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Thinking Maps for Thinking Maps for Reading Reading
ComprehensionComprehension
Thinking MapsThinking Maps
• There are eight thinking processes that the brain performs when answering questions.
• Each thinking process translates into a thinking map.
• Cognitive indicators, or signal words, are located within a text or question and tells the reader which thought process is being utilized or tested.
Color Coding for Thinking MapsColor Coding for Thinking Maps• Circle Map- orange• Tree Map- green• Bubble Map- pink• Flow Map- blue• Double Bubble Map- purple• Multi-Flow Map- red• Bridge Map- brown• Brace Map- black
Defining in ContextDefining in Context• AKA circle map• The map is used to tell
what something means.• Cognitive indicators:
context, context clues, list, define, tell, everything you know, brainstorm, identify, relate prior knowledge, tell, about, explore the meaning, discuss, means
ClassifyingClassifying• AKA tree map• The map categorizes
information.• Cognitive indicators:
classify, sort, group, categorize, give sufficient and related details, types of, kinds of, list and elaborate, taxonomy, which, what
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
Topic
DescribingDescribing• AKA Bubble Map• Used to describe a noun
with adjectives• Cognitive indicators:
describe, use vivid language, observe using the 5 senses, describe feelings, attributes, characteristics, properties, adjectives, qualities
Noun
Adj.Adj.
Adj.Adj.
Adj.
Adj.
Adj.
Adj.
SequenceSequence• AKA flow map• Used to put things in
order• Cognitive indicators:
sequence, put in order, order, recount, retell, what happens next, cycles, patterns, processes, change, beginning, end
Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast• AKA double bubble map• This map gives
similarities and differences between two nouns.
• Cognitive indicators: compare/contrast, discuss similarities/differences, distinguish between, differentiate, alike, in common, both, share, same,
#1 #2
Cause and EffectCause and Effect• AKA multi-flow map• Used to explain what
caused and event and/or the effects of that event.
• Cognitive indicators: causes and effects, discuss consequences, what would happen if, predict, change, identify motives, why, results, outcomes, benefits, because, reason, impact of, influence
Event
Seeing AnalogiesSeeing Analogies• AKA bridge map• Used to show
relationships• Cognitive indicators:
identify the common relationship, guess the rule, interpret symbols, simile, metaphor, allegory, ratio
as
relating
factor
Part to Whole RelationshipsPart to Whole Relationships• AKA brace map• Used to show concepts
and their parts• Cognitive indicators: parts
of, take apart, show structure, physical components, anatomy, types of, kinds of, label, plus, one, has
Patterns of OrganizationPatterns of Organization• All writers brainstorm before writing.• We want our writing to be logical and organized.• There are several ways we can organize our
writing. We will focus on:– Compare and Contrast– Cause and Effect– Problem/ Solution– Description/ List
• These organizational patterns can be determined by finding cognitive indicators within the text.
Author’s PurposeAuthor’s Purpose
• Author’s purpose is more than to explain, to inform, to entertain, to persuade, etc.
• The author’s purpose should be more specific and address the complete reason for writing the piece.
• Hint: This is more similar to the P in PAC we’ve been using to analyze our writing prompts.
Steps for Using Thinking Maps to Steps for Using Thinking Maps to Visualize Multiple Choice QuestionsVisualize Multiple Choice Questions
1. Find the signal word in the question stem.
2. Identify the thinking process and thinking map.
3. Draw the thinking map.
4. Set up the map using information from the question stem and the answer choices.
5. Identify the source within the frame of reference.
6. Search the text for evidence.
7. Include textual evidence in the frame of reference.
8. Evaluate the answer choices and the evidence.