““Theories on Theories on prehistory and early prehistory and early man constantly man constantly change as new change as new evidence comes to evidence comes to light.”light.”

Louis Leaky, British Louis Leaky, British Paleoanthropologist.Paleoanthropologist.

Evolution Evolution does not claim does not claim that man that man came from came from Apes, just Apes, just that they that they share a share a common common ancestor.ancestor.

Differentiation Differentiation between between humans and humans and apes happened apes happened 6-8 million 6-8 million years ago. years ago.

Stages of Human Stages of Human DevelopmentDevelopment

1.1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE

2.2. 1,500,000 BCE – 250,000 BCE1,500,000 BCE – 250,000 BCE

3.3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE

4.4. 30,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE30,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

Paleolithic Age:Paleolithic Age:

(Old Stone Age)(Old Stone Age)

2,500,000 BCE – 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE10,000 BCE

Australopithecines: 4 million – 1million B.C.

Homo habilis: 2 million to 1.5 million B.C.

Homo erectus: 1.6 million to 30,000 B.C.

Neanderthal: 200,000 to 30,000 B.C.

Cro-Magnon: 40,000 to 8000 B.C.

•““Paleolithic” Paleolithic” Old Stone Age Old Stone Age

•2,500,000 – 10,000 BCE2,500,000 – 10,000 BCE

•Made ToolsMade Tools

•Indicates Indicates

development ofdevelopment of

the brainthe brain

•hunting (men) & gathering (women)hunting (men) & gathering (women)

•Small bands 20-40 humans. Small bands 20-40 humans. Extended Extended family needed for protection! family needed for protection!

•NOMADICNOMADIC (moving from place to place) (moving from place to place)

Stage 1Stage 14,000,000 – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 – 1,000,000 BCE

•Hominids Hominids Any member of the Any member of the family of two legged primates that family of two legged primates that includes all humans. Must have includes all humans. Must have locking knee joints! locking knee joints!

•AustralopithecineAustralopitheciness

•apposable apposable thumbs! thumbs!

Lucy was one!

3.5 mil. Yrs ago

StageStage 1 1•HOMO HABILIS HOMO HABILIS

•(“Man of skills”)(“Man of skills”)

•Found in East AfricaFound in East Africa

•Created stone tools Created stone tools

Stage Stage 221,600,000 BCE – 30,000 1,600,000 BCE – 30,000

BCEBCE•Homo Erectus Homo Erectus

•(“Upright Human (“Upright Human Being”)Being”)

•BIPEDALISM BIPEDALISM

•Larger and more varied tools

primitive technology

• First Hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia

•First to use fire!

Newest Newest evidence evidence shows shows hominids may hominids may have been have been bipedal 7 bipedal 7 million years million years ago!ago!

Differing Theories of Differing Theories of Human MigrationHuman Migration

The Multi-regionalist TheoryThe Multi-regionalist Theory The Out of Africa TheoryThe Out of Africa Theory

Are we all Africans “under the Are we all Africans “under the skin”?skin”?

Stage 3Stage 3200,000 BCE – 10,000 200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCEBCE

HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS

(“Wise Human (“Wise Human Being”)Being”)

NeanderthalsNeanderthals Cro-Magnons/ Early Cro-Magnons/ Early Modern HumanModern Human(200,000-30,000 BCE) (40,000-10,000 BCE)(200,000-30,000 BCE) (40,000-10,000 BCE)

Stage 3Stage 3NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:

•Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856)Germany (1856)

•First humans to First humans to bury their dead.bury their dead.

•Made clothes from Made clothes from animals skins.animals skins.

•Lived in Caves and Lived in Caves and tents.tents.

Stage 3Stage 3

Stage 3Stage 3CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs:

•Home Sapiens SapiensHome Sapiens Sapiens

•(“Wise wise human”)(“Wise wise human”)

•By 30,000 BCE they had replaced By 30,000 BCE they had replaced Neanderthals, but Neanderthals, but WHY???WHY???

•Humans during this period found shelter in Humans during this period found shelter in cavescaves

•Cave paintings were left behind.Cave paintings were left behind.

•From late Paleolithic.From late Paleolithic.

•S. France and N. SpainS. France and N. SpainPurpose?? Purpose??

70,000 – 10,000 BCE70,000 – 10,000 BCE

• Sahara Sahara became a became a desert desert encouraging encouraging migrationmigration

•Ice bridgesIce bridges

• Took Took tens of tens of thousandthousands of years s of years to reach to reach Australia, Australia, islands in islands in Pacific, Pacific, etc.etc.

•Skills Skills also had also had to to change.change.

•Neolithic = “New Stone Age”Neolithic = “New Stone Age”

•10,000-4,000 BCE10,000-4,000 BCE

•Gradual shift from:Gradual shift from:

•Nomadic lifestyle Nomadic lifestyle settled stationary life settled stationary life

•Hunting/GatheringHunting/Gathering agricultural agricultural production and production and

domestication of domestication of animals.animals.