the 'x' chronicles newspaper - november 2009

8/14/2019 The 'X' Chronicles Newspaper - November 2009

1/44

Pdj" 19* Bd 11 M^^B % 19==%76== 'F%imymdb- $ M^^B% 19==%70;? 'NI%_DE- BDPFEOF_ ?;;= )9"=6'V^-

YGFYGF

W NG_DBMNJF^ BFS^[A[F_W NG_DBMNJF^ BFS^[A[F_[jabfy Faryg~ DBJ][arabdreaj $ [ara{~}ngdjdc} Bfs~{a{fr

YGF FBI D@ SD_JIYGF FBI D@ SD_JI

^NFBA_MD D@^NFBA_MD D@

1?"?1" ?;1? M~ Bdygmbc1?"?1" ?;1? M~ BdygmbcOvy A Ovbng D` Ovbh"""Ovy A Ovbng D` Ovbh"""

A ^nae""" A ^ngfef"""A ^nae""" A ^ngfef"""

& A Sa} Yd& A Sa} Yd

_M[ ]DV D@@!_M[ ]DV D@@!

O} _do EnNdbbfjjO} _do EnNdbbfjj

Ygf W Ngrdbmnjf~ Bfs~{a{frYgf W Ngrdbmnjf~ Bfs~{a{fr

Gaemjydb* Dbyarmd< Emjjmdb~ d` {fd{jf ardvbi

ygm~ ymb} {jabfy d` dvr~ arf ndbpmbnfi abi arf

gari ndrf ofjmfpfr~ ygay db Ifnfeofr ?1* ?;1?*

ygf sdrji smjj of ndembc yd fbi" Ygf idde~ia}

ofjmf` m~ oa~fi db a edpfefby {fr{fyrayfi o} acrdsmbc crdv{ d` {fd{jf sgd dbj} gapf dbf

cdaj abi ygay m~ yd ~narf ygf gfnh dvy d` }dv

cfyymbc }dv yd ~{fbi }dvr gari farbfi edbf} db

ygfmr oddh~* NI~* jfnyvrf~* sdrh~gd{~*

~fembar~* ~vrpmpaj {rdivny~* fbi%d`%ygf%sdrji

~gfjyfr~* abi ygf jm~y cdf~ db abi db abi db"

Ygf} arf eahmbc emjjmdb~ d` idjjar~ 'smyg ygf

fwnf{ymdb d` ~fj`%{vojm~gfi avygdr~- db }dvr

`far ygay ygfrf smjj of bd edrf ydedrrds~" Ovjj!

Ygf rfnfby edpmf ?;1? sgmng sa~

rfjfa~fi mb ealdr ygfayrf~ mbyfrbaymdbajj} ygm~

edbyg* eaif a jdy d` edbf}* ovy imi bdy smb

dpfr a~ eab} {fd{jf yd ygf Fbi d` ygf Sdrji

?;1? ofjmf` a~ ygf gari ndrf ofjmfpfr~ gai

gd{fi"

Jfy~ `anf my W \dbf Baymdb* my sa~ a

edpmf* ygay gai dbf eamb {vr{d~f$11$?;;= 93 [E [acf 1


2/44

Ygf Sdrji Smjj BDYFbi db 1?"?1"1?Ygf Sdrji Smjj BDYFbi db 1?"?1"1?

Mb Ygm~ Fimymdb d`Mb Ygm~ Fimymdb d`

Ygf W Ngrdbmnjf~Ygf W Ngrdbmnjf~

Bfs~{a{frBfs~{a{fr

'[rmby$Dbjmbf$NI _DE'[rmby$Dbjmbf$NI _DE

Pfr~mdb-Pfr~mdb-

BDPFEOF_ ?;;= % 99 [acf~BDPFEOF_ ?;;= % 99 [acf~

Ygf SdrjiM~ Bdy Ndembc Yd Ab """""""""""""""[c ;1

[mran}< A ^mjfby [jacvf db V@Djdc}""""""""[c ;>

Jd}i [}f~ ^yarNgmji""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""[c ;9

16 Idde~ia} [rd{gfnmf~""""""""""""""""""""""""""[c ;7

Nvjy~ abi _dpmbc Crdv{~""""""""""""""""""""""""""[c 1?

BAÂ abi ?;1?"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""[c 19

Bmomrv abi Idde~ia} ?;1?"""""""""""""""""""""""[c 16

Ygf [jabfy Wâca""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""[c 1=

Ygf Crfay ?;1? ^narf""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""[c ?9Sfmri Bfs~"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""[c 1=

Ygf ^gac Garodvr V@D""""""""""""""""""""""""""""[c ?1

Ygf W \dbf ^ydrf Aipfrym~fefby""""""""""""[c ??

Ygf W \dbf ^ydrf Aipfrym~fefby"""""""""""[c ?>

?;1?< AGdaw Cdbf Ydd @ar""""""""""""""""""""""[c ?7

Sgay Id Ea}ab~ [rfimny `dr ?;1?""""""""""""[c ?=

Idde~ia} [rd{gfnmf~ mb ygf Bfs~"""""""""""[c >1

Samymb` `dr Ygf Fbi d` ygf Sdrji""""""""""""""[c >?

^myngmb Cmpf~ Im``frfby `dr A{dnaj}{~f"""""[c >>

Sgay M~ Ygf Ea}ab Najfbiar Aodvy4 ""[c >6

Nabaimab Mbpfbymdb~""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""[c >7

Yd{ 1; Ndb~{mranmf~""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""[c 9;

Ygf W Ngrdbmnjf~ m~ {vojm~gfi o} _FJ%EA_

EnNdbbfjj Efima Nde{ab}" Ygf ndbyfby~ d` ygm~eayfrmaj arf 'N-Nd{}rmcgy 1==>%?;;= o} _FJ%EA_

EnNdbbfjj Efima Nde{ab} abi ea} bdy of nd{mfi dr

rf{rmbyfi mb sgdjf dr mb {ary smygdvy ygf fw{rf~~ srmyyfb

ndb~fby d` ygf {vojm~gfr" Ajj d{mbmdb~* ndeefby~ dr

~yayfefby~ d` àny fw{rf~~fi o} _do EnNdbbfjj#~ cvf~y~

arf ~yrmnyj} ygfmr dsb abi arf bdy yd of ndb~yrvfi a~ ygd~f

d` Ygf #W# \dbf _aimd YP ^gds dr mb ab} eabbfr

fbidr~fi o} _do EnNdbbfjj* _FJ%EA_ EnNdbbfjj

Efima Nde{ab}* Yajh^yar _aimd Bfysdrh* my~ a``mjmayfi

~yaymdb~ dr fe{jd}ff~" _FJ%EA_ EnNdbbfjj Efima

Nde{ab} a~~vef~ bd rf~{db~momjmy} `dr njame~ eaif o}

my~ aipfrym~fr~ abi id bdy fbidr~f ab} {rdivny abi dr

~frpmnf efbymdbfi gfrfmb" Yd aipfrym~f mb Ygf W

Ngrdbmnjf~* {jfa~f ndbyany v~ ay '=;6- 636%6=10 dr ~fbi

ab feamj yd aipfrym~mbcKwngrdbmnjf~%bfs~{a{fr"nde"

sss"w|dbfraimd"ndesss"w|dbfraimd"ndeYgf W \dbf Eamb ^myfYgf W \dbf Eamb ^myf

sss"w|dbfyp"ndesss"w|dbfyp"ndeSayng* Jm~yfb &Ngay IvrmbcSayng* Jm~yfb &Ngay Ivrmbc

Ygf JMPF Iamj} Ordaina~y 1;Ygf JMPF Iamj} Ordaina~y 1;

{e % ? ae FIYSffhbmcgy~{e % ? ae FIYSffhbmcgy~

Ygf W Ngrdbmnjf~Ygf W Ngrdbmnjf~

Bfs~{a{frBfs~{a{frm~ apamjaojf `dr idsbjdai~ `drm~ apamjaojf `dr idsbjdai~ `dr

A{{jf m[di~ abi m[gdbf~ ayA{{jf m[di~ abi m[gdbf~ aysss"~nrmoi"ndesss"~nrmoi"nde

Ndembc mb Labvar} ?;1;Ndembc mb Labvar} ?;1;

YGF CGD^Y NG_DBMNJF^YGF CGD^Y NG_DBMNJF^

[vojm~gfi o}[vojm~gfi o}

_FJ%EA_ EnNdbbfjj Efima_FJ%EA_ EnNdbbfjj Efima

Nde{ab}Nde{ab}

sss"cgd~y%ngrdbmnjf~"ndesss"cgd~y%ngrdbmnjf~"nde

My#~ a sdbifr ygay ajj ygf rfjmcmdv~

{gmjd~d{gfr~ dvy ygfrf gapf bdy najjfi ajj ygf

bdbf ofjmfpfr~ mb ygf a{dnaj}{ymn % ?;1? gdd{ja*

ygf Abym%Ngrm~y 'd` sgmng M sdvji of ay ygf yd{

d` ygfmr jm~y"-Bfs abi crfay embi~ d` ygf sdrji arf

~yarymbc yd ~gmbf ygrdvcg ygf sfo d` jmf~ abi

ifnfmy {fr{fyrayfi o} ~d najjfi fw{fry~ abi

mbyfrbfy idnydr~ abi ~ngdjar~" O} ygf sa}* M ae

{rdvi yd ~a} ygay ygabh~ yd

Mb ygf arymnjf~ ygay Mgapf mbnjvifi mb ygm~

fimymdb d` Ygf W Ngrdbmnjf~* ygf yrvyg d`

smbyfr ~dj~ymnf d` Ifnfeofr ?1 ?;1? m~ dvr

em~~mdb" Sf najj my* ?;1?< _FPFAJFI"

Sf smjj yahf a jddh ay {a~y idde~ia}

{rd{gfnmf~ abi sgay sfby srdbc* abi sgay

edifrb ia} ~nmfbym~y~ arf ~a}mbc"

Sf smjj a~h {~}ngdjdcm~y~ abi dygfr

fw{fry~ sg} {fd{jf arf ~vnhfi mbyd ygf~f

edpfefby~"Sf smjj aj~d yahf a jddh db gds fa~} my

m~ yd ofndef ab driambfi embm~yfr abi gds

~def ~d%najjfi [gI#~ rfnfmpfi ygfmr idnydrayf~

smygdvy ygf fivnaymdbaj {ayg"

M sdvji jmhf yd ~fbi dvy a ~{fnmaj

anndjaif yd [fbb Yfjjfr sgd imi a àbya~ymn

ldo db fw{d~f ygrff d` ygf omccf~y ?;1? Sdd

Sdd#~ % Ir" La}~fb Q _abi* [avj Iajf _dofry~

abi ^gabbdb EnNaof" Yd pmfs ygf pmifd ygay M

ae yajhmbc aodvy pm~my sss"w|dbfraimd"nde"

Ygf ~gds* sgmng m~ mb ysd {ary~ m~ ay ygf yd{ d`

dvr gdef {acf"

A~ ajsa}~* }dvr ndeefby~ ay

{vojm~gfrKwngrdbmnjf~%bfs~{a{fr"nde"

Aj~d* sf gapf javbngfi a bfs {dina~y

{acf sgmng }dv nab jm~yfb yd dvr {a~y ~gds~ ay

sss"w|dbf{dina~y"nde abi dvr nde{jfyf

arngmpf sfo~myf m~ sss"w|dbfarngmpf~"nde"

Dvr _^^ abi {dina~y `ffi {acf m~

gyy{ % @jdrfbnf$Ev~njf ^gdaj~* Ajaoaea

SWJ@ NG 6 % @jdrfbnf$Ev~njf ^gdaj~* Ajaoaea

HSPY NG 6? 'Naojf 3- % âjfe* Drfcdb

SI_J NG ?9 'imcmyaj 91- %

_dabdhf$J}bngovrc* Pmrcmbma

HNYV NG 91 % Smngmya* Hab~a~

HOCBNG 6= % [myy~ovrcg* [fbb~}jpabma

Sf~yfrb Naojf ^frpmnf % ^fqvme* Sa~gmbcydb

HJ@A YP Ngabbfj 7* Jd~ Abcfjf~* Najm`drbma"

Naojf mb Cvayfeaja abi {ary~ d` Nfbyraj Aefrmna

]f~!Sf Arf Crdsmbc!]f~!Sf Arf Crdsmbc!

bdpfeofr?;;=TlvbfTlvj}T?;;="qwi ?>$11$?;;= 93 [E [acf ?


3/44

^farngmbc @dr Ygf Yrvyg^farngmbc @dr Ygf Yrvyg >>^farngmbc `dr ygf Yrvyg^farngmbc `dr ygf Yrvyg

'Ajsa}~ Yfjjmbc ygf Yrvyg'Ajsa}~ Yfjjmbc ygf Yrvyg

Efab~ Bfpfr Gapmbc ydEfab~ Bfpfr Gapmbc yd_fefeofr Ab}ygmbc-_fefeofr Ab}ygmbc-

[mran}< A ^mjfby [jacvf[mran}< A ^mjfby [jacvf

db V`djdc}db V`djdc}

o} Ifbbm~ Oajyga~fro} Ifbbm~ Oajyga~fr

Yd qvdyf a Ngmbf~f [rdpfro< Sgfb

~defdbf ~garf~ ~defygmbc d` pajvf smyg }dv

abi }dv ofbf`my `rde my* }dv gapf a edraj

dojmcaymdb yd ~garf my smyg dygfr~* sgmng m~

sgay Mjj yr} yd id mb ygm~ arymnjf"

M gapf offb sdrhmbc njd~fj} smyg e}

Sfoea~yfr* rf~farngfr @rabh Sarrfb*

sss"ygfv`dngrdbmnjf~"nde abi A|yfnrf~farngfr~ ^ndyy abi ^v|abbf _ae~f} `dr ygf

{a~y 1? }far~* db parmdv~ V@D na~f~* gmcgj}

rf~{fnymbc ygfe `dr ygfmr gdbf~y} abi ygdrdvcg

mbpf~ymcaymdb~" Sf gapf ifajy smyg ifovbhfr~*

~hf{ymn~ abi nrmymn~ d` ajj ~dry~* abi gapf fpfb

sfjndefi ygfmr ndeefby~* m` abi sgfb* ygf

mb`dreaymdb ygf} {rf~fbyfi sa~ ànyvajj}

sdryg} d` rfpmfs"

Ygfrf m~ abdygfr* qvmfyfr fjfefby mb

V`djdc}* a~mif `rde ifovbhfr~* ~hf{ymn~* abi

nrmymn~" Ygf} arf ygf gvnh~yfr~ sgd v~f dygfr

rf~farngfr~ sdrh smygdvy idmbc ygfmr dsb8

ygd~f sgd yahf `rde dygfr~ rf~farng* dr

arymnjf~* abi {vojm~g ygf sdrh a~ ygfmr dsb

'{jacmarm~e-" Ygfb ygfrf arf ~ymjj dygfr~ndvbirfj~ sgd earhfy dr ~fjj rf~farngfr~

sdrh~* ~vng a~ IPI~ d` jfnyvrf~* oddh~* dr

idnvefbyarmf~* smygdvy {frem~~mdb dr `mbabnmaj

arrabcfefby~ eaif smyg ygf rf~farngfr~

'{mran}-" M gapf rfnfbyj} `dvbi ygay M ae e}~fj`*

a pmnyme d` {mran}* abi ygm~ m~ sgay M `ffj a edraj

dojmcaymdb yd ~garf smyg e} rfaifr~"

Vbymj a `fs ia}~ acd* dbf ndvji cd yd

V@DCv}"nde* ab dbjmbf V@D ~ydrf* smyg ygf

njame* Im~ndvby [arabdreaj IPI~ Imrfny

`rde [rdivnfr$Im~yrmovydr* abi {vrnga~f ab

me{rf~~mpf nde{fbimve IPI ~fy Ajmfb~

Aedbc V~< ^yvbbmbc ^fnrfy~ Aodvy V@D~ abi

Fwyrayfrrf~yrmaj~" Mbnjvifi mb ygf ~fy sa~ e}dsb IPI `rde e} jfnyvrf ~frmf~* Ygf

_d~sfjj Mbnmifby* Ygfb abi Bds" Jfy ef of

njfar< M gai bd acrffefby~ rfcarimbc ygf

[fd{jf mb ygf V"^" Pmrcmb M~jabi~ abi ygf[fd{jf mb ygf V"^" Pmrcmb M~jabi~ abi ygf

Ofrevia YrmabcjfOfrevia Yrmabcjf

Jm~yfb yd Ygf W \dbf _aimd ^gdsJm~yfb yd Ygf W \dbf _aimd ^gds

smyg _do EnNdbbfjj dbsmyg _do EnNdbbfjj db AE 10?; SIG[AE 10?; SIG[

im~yrmovymdb abi ~ajf d` e} nd{}rmcgyfi

eayfrmaj* bdr gai ygf dsbfr d` ygf ~myf

V@DCv}"nde* Se"Omjj Hbfjj ndbyanyfi ef

`dr {frem~~mdb yd mbnjvif e} jfnyvrf mb gm~

nde{mjaymdb"Omjj Hbfjj rf{rf~fby~ gme~fj` a~ a bdyfi

V`djdcm~y* smyg ab me{rf~~mpf jm~y d` nrfifbymaj~

~vng a~ `dvbimbc a V@D mbpf~ymcaympf

drcabm|aymdb mb Jdbc M~jabi* B]8 gai gm~ dsb

naojf YP ~gds8 njamefi yd of ab aipm~dr yd ygf

W%@mjf~ yfjfpm~mdb {rdcrae8 abi {vojm~gfi a

V@D bfs~jfyyfr" Hbfjj~ aj~d offb a cvf~y db

Nda~y%yd%Nda~y* [arana~y* abi ~fpfraj dygfr

Mbyfrbfy pfbvf~* abi ga~ ~fpfraj {vojm~gfi

arymnjf~" My sa~ dbf d` ygf~f arymnjf~ ygay `mr~y

ordvcgy Hbfjj yd ygf ayyfbymdb d` mbpf~ymcaydr

@rabh Sarrfb* sgfb mb Bdpfeofr d` ?;;78 gfi

{vojm~gfi ab arymnjf o} eamb~yrfae ldvrbajm~y*

Abcfjmba Ldmbfr* db gm~ YgfV@D Ngrdbmnjf~

sfo ~myf" ^gf bdym`mfi @rabh a `fs ia}~ jayfr*ygay my a{{farfi Hbfjj sa~ {jacmarm|mbc gfr

arymnjf* nd{}%abi%{a~yf%~y}jf* mb gm~ dsb

{vojm~gfi arymnjf"

@rabh~ fb~vmbc mbpf~ymcaymdb mbyd Hbfjj

vbndpfrfi a ifnaif~%jdbc gm~ydr} d`

qvf~ymdbaojf anympmy}* mb sgmng gm~ {jacmarm~e

{ajfi mb nde{arm~db yd gm~ dygfr im~rf{vyaojf

iffi~" Mb nde{mjmbc ygf baef~ d` {dyfbymaj

pmnyme~ d` Hbfjj~ IPI {mran} 'dpfr a gvbirfi

mb qvf~ymdb-* @rabh bdymnfi ygay dbf d` ygf

IPI~ sa~ a oddyjfc d` ygf Ygf A|yfn Mbnmifby*

dsbfi o} `rmfbi ^ndyy '_ae~f}- Nd" @rabh

ygfb bdym`mfi ^ndyy d` Hbfjj~ anympmy} abi ygf}

ldmbfi `drnf~ yd mb`dre dygfr pmnyme~"

Ofmbc `rv~yrayfi smyg ygf avygdrmymf~ bdy

idmbc ab}ygmbc smyg ygf eab} nde{jamby~ ygay

gai offb `mjfi* @rabh Sarrfb abi ^ndyy _ae~f}

ajfryfi eab} rf~farngfr~ yd sgay Hbfjj sa~

idmbc* abi mb àny* im~yrmovyfi a jm~y d` 7; baef~

yahfb `rde Hbfjj~ sfo~myf sgd sfrf {dyfbymaj

pmnyme~ d` Hbfjj~ yanymn~" ^ndyy gai im~nv~~fi

ygm~ smyg ef* ~d sgfb M ~as e} baef db ygf jm~y

d` pmnyme~* M ngfnhfi Hbfjj~ sfo~myf* `mbimbc

e} nd{}rmcgyfi jfnyvrf crdv{fi mb a ?%IPI ~fy

smyg 0 dygfr rf~farngfr~ {rf~fbyaymdb~" M

bdym`mfi ygfe* rfqvf~ymbc ygay ygf} `mjf

nde{jamby `dre~ smyg ygf MN>* a impm~mdb d` ygf

@OM" Bdbf d` ygfe gai offb asarf* bdr gai

ygf} avygdrm|fi Hbfjj yd nde{mjf* im~yrmovyf dr~fjj ygfmr sdrh"

E} bfwy edpf sa~ yd nde{jamb imrfnyj}

yd Hbfjj pma feamj db Dny" ?;* ?;;=* smyg a nd{}

yd gm~ sfo~myf gd~y Orapfbfy"nde" Bdy rfnfmpmbc

a rf~{db~f `rde Hbfjj smygmb ?9 gdvr~ a~

rfqvmrfi o} Orapfbfy mb drifr yd ofcmb ab

mbpf~ymcaymdb mbyd e} njame* M feamjfi a ~fndbi

nde{jamby yd Hbfjj db Dny" ?1" Hbfjj rf~{dbifi

smyg ygf ~aef jaef ~do%~ydr} fwnv~f~ gf gai

~fby yd dygfr~ mb ygf {a~y< ymef~ sfrf ydvcg*

~ajf~ sfrf bdy ygay crfay* yfrrmojf mjjbf~~* fyn"

Hbfjj imi rfedpf ygf ?%IPI ~fy `rde

gm~ ~myf* sgmng anndrimbc yd @rabh abi ^ndyy*

ga~ offb gm~ efygdi d` d{fraymdb mb ygf {a~y"

Sgfb ~defdbf nde{jamb~ yd gme aodvy gm~d{fraymdb* gf rfedpf~ ygf IPI~ mb qvf~ymdb*

ygfb jayfr* sgfb gf ofjmfpf~ ygf {rf~~vrf m~ d``*

gf rf%{d~y~ ygf IPI~ oanh db gm~ ~myf `dr ~ajf"

D` edrf me{dryabnf yd ef mb gm~ rf~{db~f sa~

gm~ ~yayfefby ygay* ed~y d` ygf IPI~ gf ga~

~dji sfrf gm~ dsb8 a ~ffembcj} yanmy aiem~~mdb

d` qvf~ymdbaojf anympmymf~"

Sf gapf offb ndbyanymbc ygf rf~farngfr~ygay arf pfrm`mfi pmnyme~ d` Hbfjj~ anympmymf~

'a{{rdangmbc ay jfa~y >; ay ygm~ {dmby-* sgd sfrf

bdy asarf d` sgay gf sa~ idmbc* bdr gai ygf}

cmpfb gme {frem~~mdb yd nde{mjf* im~yrmovyf dr

~fjj ygfmr {rdivny~"

A `fs d` ygf jas fb`drnfefby acfbnmf~

ygay gapf offb bdym`mfi aodvy Hbfjj~

d{fraymdb~* abi Orapfbfy~ vbrf~{db~mpfbf~~ mb

nvryamjmbc gm~ anympmymf~* arf ygf Jfoabdb*

Mbimaba [djmnf If{aryefby* sgfrf Hbfjj

rf~mif~* ygf _dsab Ndvby} ^gfrm`` If{aryefby

mb Bdryg Nardjmba* @YN* VÎA* PMÂ* ^yayf

Ayydrbf} Cfbfraj~ d` Arm|dba abi Mbimaba*

Sf~yfrb Vbmdb* _d}aj Nabaimab Edvbyfi

[djmnf* abi dygfr~"Sf arf fbndvracmbc ygd~f pmnyme~

a``fnyfi yd `mjf Nde{jamby _f`frraj @dre~ smyg

MN>* ay gyy{* ygf} mb`drefi ef db Dny ?0* ?;;=* ygay

Hbfjj~ sfo~myf ga~ offb ~v~{fbifi vbymj ygfmr

jfcaj if{aryefby rfpmfs~ ygf nde{jamby~" M gapf

rfqvf~yfi a nd{} d` ygfmr `mbimbc~ abi a~~vrabnf

ygay gm~ sfo~myf m~ {freabfbyj} ~gvy idsb"

Sf arf fbndvracmbc ygd~f pmnyme~

a``fnyfi yd `mjf Nde{jamby _f`frraj @dre~ smyg

MN>* ay gyy{


4/44

Jd}i [}f~ ^yarngmjiJd}i [}f~ ^yarngmji99

sa~ {vy ygrdvcg a ~frmf~ d` ~nmfbym`mn yf~y~ ygay

arf rfndvbyfi mb ifyamj mb Ygf ^yarngmji ^hvjj* a

oddh {vojm~gfi mb ?;;3 'apamjaojf db

Aea|db"nde-" _fnfbyj}* ygf ed~y ~ajmfby àny~

ofnaef apamjaojf mb a gmcgj} nde{anyfi fOddh*

^yarngmji ^hvjj F~~fbymaj~ 'apamjaojf ay

^yarngmji[rdlfny"nde-" ^yarymbc smyg ~vr{rm~mbcraimdcra{gmn W%ra}~* yd ygf rfa~~vrmbc NAY%~nab

rf~vjy~* yd ygf Narodb%19 iaymbc d` ifayg ay =;;

}far~ acd* yd ygf im~a~yfr d` ab mbmymaj `drfb~mn

IBA yf~y* yd ygf ~yvbbmbc rf~vjy~ d` a

njabif~ymbf abaj}~m~ smyg a ~nabbmbc fjfnyrdb

emnrd~nd{f " " " my~ ajj ygfrf mb `vjj ifyamj ygay

bffi bdy of rfpmfsfi gfrf" Ygf odyyde jmbf m~

ygay ay fpfr} yvrb* a`yfr fpfr} pajmi yf~y* ygf

rf~vjy~ hf{y ~gm`ymbc e} mbmymaj {frnfbyacf d`

idvoy asa} `rde gveab if`dremy} abi

ydsari ab ajmfb mbyfr{rfyaymdb

Mb 1=== ygfrf sfrf dbj} a gaj`%id|fb

jao~ ygay ndvji abaj}|f abnmfby IBA* sgmng

sa~ djifr ygab 6; }far~" Ay =;; }far~ ~mbnf

ifayg* ygf ^yarngmji edrf ygab qvajm`mfi"

Gdsfpfr* aedbc ygd~f gaj`%id|fb jao~ bdbf

sdvji ydvng ygf ^yarngmji smyg ygf {rdpfromaj

yfb%`ddy%{djf" Ygf} sabyfi bdygmbc yd id smyg a

~hvjj ygay sa~ ofmbc ydvyfi a~ {dyfbymajj} ajmfb"

Idmbc ygay* dbf srdyf yd ef* sdvji of oai

`dr ov~mbf~~" @anmbc ~vng a ~ydbfsajj* M

ifnmifi yd yahf a ngabnf db a evng jf~~

ndbyrdjjfi `drfb~mn yf~y if~mcbfi `dr IBA jf~~

ygab 6; }far~ dji" My sa~ a nde{jfyf odyng ygay

jf`y v~ mb ygf jvrng vbymj ?;;>"

O} ?;;>* sgfb sf sfrf `mbajj} aojf yd

arrabcf a nde{rfgfb~mpf abi rfjmaojf yf~y `dr

ygf ^yarngmji~ abnmfby IBA* e} ygmbhmbc sa~

ygay sf sfrf ajed~y nfryambj} jddhmbc ay ab ajmfb~hvjj" M gai ~svbc nde{jfyfj} ardvbi abi bds

ofjmfpfi my sa~ a {frnfbyacf ~{jmy d` 7;& ajmfb

abi ?;& if`dremy}* sgmng {rdoaoj} sa~ ofmbc

ndb~frpaympf" M rfajm|fi ygay ab ajmfb ~hvjj

àjjmbc mbyd e} gabi~ sa~ nde{araojf yd ygf

Ifai ^fa ^nrdjj~ ofmbc `dvbi o} a cday gfrifr"

Bdbfygfjf~~* gf imi sgay gf imi abi M sa~ idmbc

sgay M sa~ idmbc* mbimbc dvy sgay M sa~ mbimbc

dvy* abi M hbfs sgay ygf rf~vjy~ efaby"

Bdygmbc sa~ yf~ymbc dvy a~ y}{mnajj}

gveab" Ygf odbf my~fj` sa~ ydd jmcgy abi evng

ydd ivraojf yd of {vrfj} gveab" My sa~ edrf jmhf

yddyg fbaefj ygab odbf" Ygf oramb~ pdjvef sa~

fbymrfj} ydd jarcf `dr ygf ~hvjj fbna~mbc my" Mb~mif

ygf ^yarngmji~ nrabmve sa~ a oramb 1$> jarcfrygab bdreaj" Sgfrf imi ajj ygay fwyra oramb cd4

Gds imi my ajj `my mb ygfrf4 Ofyyfr }fy* smyg ~vng

a gmcg abi ~yff{ rfar abcjf nabyfi ydsari ygf

~{mbaj d{fbmbc* gds gai ygf oramb~ eayyfr bdy

offb ~qvff|fi dvy yd im~yfbi ygf `draefb

eacbve4 Ygm~ jm~y d` {g}~mdjdcmnaj im``frfbnf~

sa~ fwyfb~mpf* smyg dpfr ysd id|fb ealdr

{dmby~" My ~hfsfi a~ àr `rde a bdreaj gveab

~hvjj a~ imi a ngme{ dr cdrmjja"'Ndbymbvfi db

[acf 0-

M^ YGM^ ^Y_ABCFM^ YGM^ ^Y_ABCF

ABI IF@D_EFIABI IF@D_EFI

^HVJJ [_DD@ YGAY^HVJJ [_DD@ YGAY

AJMFB^ _FAJJ] IDAJMFB^ _FAJJ] ID

FWM^Y4FWM^Y4

o} Jd}i [}fo} Jd}i [}f

M rfefeofr ygf ygf ia} M `mr~y jami f}f~

db ygf ^yarngmji ~hvjj dpfr a ifnaif acd" M smjj

bfpfr `drcfy ygf orfaygyahmbc edefby sgfb M

`mr~y gfji my mb e} gabi~ abi meefimayfj} hbfs

~defygmbc sa~ ~frmdv~j} srdbc smyg my" My sa~

ydd jmcgy* evng ydd jmcgy `dr a y}{mnaj gveab

~hvjj* fpfb dbf smyg ygf ~jmcgyj} rfivnfi ~m|f d`

ab apfracf ysfjpf%}far%dji" My `fjy edrf jmhf a

irmfi cdvri ygab a ~hvjj* abi ay `mr~y cjabnf M

ndvjiby ~ff ab}ygmbc bdreaj aodvy my" My sa~

lv~y {jamb sfmri"

My~ dsbfr~* _a} abi Efjabmf ]dvbc d`

Fj [a~d* Yfwa~* gai mbpmyfi ef yd ndef yd Fj

[a~d ~{fnm`mnajj} yd fwaembf my abi yfjj ygfe

sgay M ygdvcgy" M gai ~def fw{frym~f rfcarimbc

~hvjj~ ivf yd e} fwyfb~mpf rf~farng mbyd ygf

yrvyg aodvy gveab drmcmb~ abi V@D rfjayfi

m~~vf~* evng d` sgmng M oa~fi db ndbyra~ymbc ygf

eab} im``frfbnf~ ofysffb gveab~ abi ~d%najjfi {rf gveab ~hvjj~" Ovy M ~ddb rfajm|fi

Efjabmf hbfs fpfb edrf ygab ef" @dr eab}

}far~ ~gf gai offb a bfdbayaj bvr~f* ~ffmbc a

smif rabcf d` gveab ~hvjj if`dremymf~ abi

hffbj} asarf d` ygf yfngbmnaj a~{fny~ d` sgay

sfby mbyd nrfaymbc ~vng aofrraymdb~"

Ygf sdri ygay naef yd embi sa~

me{d~~mojf* }fy ygfrf my sa~* nraijfi mb e}

gabi~* ~d M gai yd ~fyyjf `dr mbnrfimojf" Ygf

f}f ~dnhfy~ sfrf smjij} im``frfby `rde bdreaj"

E} àygfr sa~ ab d{ydefyrm~y* ~d M hbfs aodvy

f}f~" Ygf bfnh d{fbmbc* ygf `draefb eacbve*

sa~ sfjj dvy d` {janf" Ygf jdsfr rfar arfa sa~

smygdvy ygf ~eajj ove{ db fpfr} gveab~ gfai

'dr ngme{~ dr cdrmjja~* `dr ygay eayyfr-8 my gaibd mbmdb" Ygf fbymrf rfar arfa d` my~ gfai sa~

`jay* ovy ygfrf sa~ bd fpmifbnf d` eabm{vjayfi

`jayyfbmbc" Bd nraijfodarimbc nav~fi ygay

`jaybf~~* my gai crdsb ygay sa}* a~ gai ygf f}f~*

bfnh* abi mbmdb"

A nrfa~f%jmhf ifby mb ygf v{{fr rfar d`

ygf gfai njmbngfi my `dr ef* lv~y a~ my imi `dr

Efjabmf abi _a}" Gveab~ id bdy fwgmomy ygay*

bd qvf~ymdb" Gveab~ arf rdvbifi mb ygay arfa"

Gdsfpfr* ~defygmbc fj~f idf~ gapf ~vng a

nrfa~f* ~defygmbc àemjmar yd fpfr}dbf mb ygf

`mfji d` V@D abi ajmfb rf~farng" Ygf ~d%najjfi

crf} ajmfb~ arf rf{vyfi yd gapf ~vng a ifby mb

ygf yd{ rfar d` ygfmr gfai~* cmpmbc ygfe a

im~ymbnympf gfary ~ga{f" Ifbyfi nrdsb abi a

ovjodv~ nrabmve aodpf a ~eajj v{{fr ànf ygay

barrdsfi yd a pfr} ~eajj jdsfr ànf"M gfji mb e} gabi ygf ifyangfi {mfnf d`

v{{fr rmcgy las 'eawmjja- `dvbi ~f{arayf `rde

ygf nrabmve 'sgmng sa~ aj~d embv~ my~ fbymrf

jdsfr las-" My sa~ ygf ~m|f d` ab mbàby* m` ygay

jarcf" Ygm~ ofmbc njfarj} gai ab fwyra ~eajj

jdsfr ànf* abi ygf ayyangefby {dmby~ `dr my~

ngfsmbc ev~njf~ odrf ygay dvy* ofmbc crfayj}

rfivnfi `rde sgfrf ygf} bdreajj} sfrf db a

gveab" M rfajm|fi M emcgy {d~~moj} of gdjimbc

ygf {rf~frpfi ~hvjj d` a crf} ajmfb" Ab}dbf smyg

ab vbifr~yabimbc d` oa~mn gveab abayde} abi

d` gds crf}~ sfrf ~v{{d~fi yd jddh sdvji

eahf ygf ~aef ~yaccfrmbc ndbbfnymdb" Ygf}i

gapf bd ngdmnf"

My sa~ ajj M ndvji id yd gdji my ~yfai} mb

e} gabi~ a~ M jddhfi ay _a} abi Efjabmf abi

ydji ygfe sgay M ygdvcgy* sgmng mb ~d eab}

sdri~ sa~ ygay my ndvji {d~~moj} of ygf ~hvjj d`

a crf}" My sa~ ~d mbnrfimoj} àr `rde bdreaj*

~vng a smji ~{fnvjaymdb sa~ ndbnfmpaojf"

Bdbfygfjf~~* M ndvjiby mbmymajj} eahf e}~fj`

ofjmfpf my sa~* mb àny* ~vng a ~yv{fbidv~

im~ndpfr}" M vrcfi ygfe yd a~~vef my sa~ a

om|arrf if`dremy}* abi yd eambyamb ygay pmfs

vbymj ygf} ~fnvrfi ~djmi {rdd` yd ygf ndbyrar}" Yd

fe{ga~m|f e} idvoy* M {fccfi ygf ngabnf~ ay

7;& if`dremy} abi ?;& ajmfb* ovy ygay ?;&

sdvji rfeamb gvcf vbymj ygf} ndvji {rdpf my

ofjdbcfi db ygf 7;& ~mif d` ygf jficfrDb gfarmbc ygay* ygf} a~hfi m` M sdvji

vbifryahf yd ~nmfbym`mnajj} f~yaojm~g ygfmr sfmri

~hvjj~ gfrmyacf* sgfygfr gveab dr ajmfb* sgmng

ofcab a ifnaif%jdbc qvf~y ygay ndbymbvf~ yd ygm~

ia}" Bds* gdsfpfr* M nab a~~vrf ajj àb~ d` ygm~

aea|mbc rfjmn ygay sf arf ay ja~y njd~mbc mb db a

ndbnjv~mpf ifyfrembaymdb d` my~ cfbfymn drmcmb" M`

ajj cdf~ a~ ~ngfivjfi* mb ?;1; ygf ~hvjj~ IBA

smjj of abaj}|fi smyg a bfs yfngbmqvf ygay sa~

vbapamjaojf sgfb my~ IBA sa~ rfndpfrfi abi

abaj}|fi mb ?;;>" Ygm~ bfs yf~y rf~vjy jmf~ ay ygf

gfary d` sgay eahf~ ygf ^yarngmji ~hvjj ~d

~{fnmaj* abi my smjj nde{rm~f ygf ~nmfbym`mn ndrf

d` sgay ~gdvji {rdpf of}dbi idvoy ygay ygf

~hvjj m~ bdy fbymrfj} gveab"

Of`drf M im~nv~~ ygf rfpdjvymdbar} yf~y ygay smjj

dnnvr ygm~ }far* jfy~ rfpm~my sgay ga{{fbfi mb

?;;>" Ygm~ m~ bfnf~~ar} yd vbifr~yabi sg} ygf

^yarngmji ~yabi~ db ygf ygrf~gdji d` eahmbc

gm~ydr} a~ omc a~ gm~ydr} nab of eaif"

Ygf @mr~y @mpf ]far~

@rde 1=== ygrdvcg ?;;9 ygf ^yarngmji

bdpfeofr?;;=TlvbfTlvj}T?;;="qwi ?>$11$?;;= 93 [E [acf 9


5/44

ACjme{~f d` Gaemjydb* DbyarmdACjme{~f d` Gaemjydb* Dbyarmd 66

Ygf Oddh Ygf Sdrji Ga~ OffbYgf Oddh Ygf Sdrji Ga~ Offb

Samymbc @dr""Samymbc @dr"" ""

]DV]DV

IDBYIDBY

HBDS CDIHBDS CDIO} _do EnNdbbfjjO} _do EnNdbbfjj

Gaemjydb* Dbyarmd*Gaemjydb* Dbyarmd*

Ygf Nmy} d` Sayfràjj~Ygf Nmy} d` Sayfràjj~

oabovr}{vojm~gmbc"ndeoabovr}{vojm~gmbc"nde

@djjds LdLd ygrdvcg gm~ ldvrbf} `rde gfjj mbyd gfapfb a~ gf ngrdbmnjf~ gm~ sa}

`rde gm~ dsb ofcmbbmbc ygrdvcg ygf ed~y yrfangfrdv~ d` ymef~ abi ngadymn

fwm~yfbnf vbymj gf `mbajj} `mbi~ gm~ /@drfpfr Gdef/ abi ygf /@drfpfr Ede/ gf

~d jdbc~ `dr"

]dv#jj javcg dvy jdvi ay ~def d` gm~ abymn~ abi }dv#jj nr} gari* ~ajy} yfar~ sgfb

}dv fw{frmfbnf `mr~y%gabi ygm~ ymb} jmyyjf idc#~ ~ydr} a~ ydji imrfnyj} `rde gme yd

}dv ygrdvcg ab fwyradrimbar} abmeaj ndeevbmnaydr* Ir" Hme Dcifb* abi gm~

bfs /@drfpfr Ede/"

A ev~y%rfai `dr ajj acf~ a~ }dv jfarb ygf gfaryorfah abi yfrrdr d` ofmbcaov~fi* aoabidbfi abi jf`y ajdbf abi `mbajj} `mbimbc jdpf abi {fanf abi

~a`fy} ay ygf fbi d` ygf ldvrbf}" A pfr} gari jf~~db mb jdpmbc abi narmbc dr {fy~

abi abmeaj~ d` ajj hmbi~ a~ my ndef~ ~yramcgy `rde ygf pmnyme abi ~gds~ ygf

sdrji ygay abmeaj~ rfajj} id gapf `ffjmbc~* fedymdb~ abi jdbcmbc~ `dr jdpf abi

jd}ajy}"

LdLd~ Ede< âbif Idbagvf* a ~yrdbc aipdnayf `dr ygf

narf abi sfjj%ofmbc d` abmeaj~ d` ajj hmbi~* aid{yfi a ymb}

]drhmf [dd `rde ygf Vbmyfi ]drhmf _f~nvf Drcabm|aymdb"

Gm~ ~ydr} sa~ gfaryorfahmbc abi ~gf `fjy a ~{fnmaj

ndbbfnymdb yd gme" Ygrdvcg LdLd#~ fpfr%ygabh`vj f}f~* ~gf

`fjy ygay gf sa~ ajsa}~ yr}mbc yd yfjj gfr ~defygmbc" ^gf

ndbyanyfi Ir" Hme Dcifb* a baymdbajj} rfbdsbfi abmeaj

ndeevbmnaydr* abi ndeombmbc sgay mb`dreaymdb Idbagvf

ajrfai} gai aodvy LdLd#~ jm`f abi sdrhmbc ydcfygfr smyg Ir"Hme* ygf} sfrf aojf yd cjfab ab fwyradrimbar} ~ydr} a~ ydji

ygrdvcg ygf pmfs{dmby d` LdLd abi gm~ ndgdry~"

Oddh m~ apamjaojf ygrdvcg ajj rfyamj dvyjfy~ dr }dv nab drifr

ay sss"ldldygfidc"ndesss"ldldygfidc"nde



6/44

Jd}i [}f~ ^yarngmjiJd}i [}f~ ^yarngmji00M^ YGM^ ^Y_ABCFM^ YGM^ ^Y_ABCF




FWM^Y4FWM^Y4

O} Jd}i [}f Ndbymbvfi `rde [acf 9

IBA 1;1

Bd eayyfr gds eab} {g}~mdjdcmnaj

im``frfbnf~ sf naef v{ smyg* fw{fry~ `rde

eamb~yrfae ~nmfbnf ndvji ygsary v~ ay fpfr}

yvrb ~me{j} o} qvdymbc ygfmr Iarsmbm~y eabyra

ygay sgfb my naef yd bayvrf* ao~djvyfj} ab}ygmbc

sa~ {d~~mojf" Ygfrf`drf* sf ndvjiby ~gds ygfeab} {g}~mnaj parmaymdb ygay ygf} ndvjiby fw{jamb

o} najjmbc v{db ygf vbjmemyfi {dsfr ygf}

ygfe~fjpf~ gai a~~mcbfi yd bayvrf" My sa~ jmhf

yr}mbc yd arcvf smyg rfjmcmdv~ |fajdy~" Bd* my

emcgy gapf offb sdr~f" Sf nfryambj} ndvjiby

`mbi ab} rdde `dr `jfwmomjmy}* ~d mb ygf fbi my ajj

naef idsb yd IBA abaj}~m~* ygf {rfemfr yddj d`

~nmfbym`mn nfryamby}" [fd{jf fbifi v{ db ifayg

rds ofnav~f d` IBA fpmifbnf* lv~y a~ my ~apfi

dygfr~ `rde srdbc`vj ndbpmnymdb~" IBA sa~ ygf

sfa{db d` ngdmnf `dr ygd~f sm~gmbc yd eahf a

na~f acamb~y njd~fi embi~ abi ndsarij} ~{mrmy~"

IBA ga~ ysd oa~mn y}{f~< emydngdbirmaj

abi bvnjfar" Mb bfarj} fpfr} nfjj mb ab abmeaj~

odi}* sgmng nab aedvby yd yrmjjmdb~* ygfrf m~ a~eajj ndrf* najjfi ygf bvnjfv~* ~vrrdvbifi o} a

lfjj}%jmhf ~vo~yabnf najjfi n}yd{ja~e" Meacmbf a

oa~foajj smyg my~ ndrh ndrf* my~ ysmbf

~vrrdvbimbc* abi my~ ivraojf ~hmb" Ygm~

abajdcm|f~ a jmpmbc nfjj {fr`fnyj}< bvnjfv~*

n}yd{ja~e* abi dvyfr sajj"

@jdaymbc ardvbi mb ygf n}yd{ja~e jmhf

ram~mb~ mb {viimbc arf emydngdbirma* sgmng arf

~eajj {anhfy~ d` sgay arf najjfi oa~f {amr~*

ygf ~eajjf~y vbmy~ d` eayyfr ygay eahf v{ cfbf~*

sgmng ndeombf yd `dre ygf ngrded~def~" Fang

emydngdbirmdb ndbyamb~ aodvy 10*;;; oa~f

{amr~" Hff{ ygay bveofr mb embi"

Mb~mif ygf nfjj bvnjfv~ m~ ygf fbymrf

cfbdef d` ygf mbimpmivaj* ndbyambmbc ajj ygf

ngrded~def~ cmpfb yd my o} my~ {arfby~" Mb

gveab~ ygay m~ ?> `rde Iai abi ?> `rde Ede*

a ydyaj d` 90" Mbnrfimoj}* dvr njd~f~y cfbfymn

rfjaympf~* ngme{~ abi a{f~* smyg sgde sf

~v{{d~fij} ~garf a pfr} njd~f omdjdcmnaj

if~nfby `rde a rfedyf ndeedb abnf~ydr*

gapf 97 ngrded~def~" Ygm~ m~ of}dbi om|arrf*

abi M im~nv~~ my fwyfb~mpfj} mb e} sdrh

rfcarimbc gveab drmcmb~* ygdvcg my {ja}~ dbj} a

{frm{gfraj rdjf mb ygf ^yarngmji~ na~f"

Ygf ydyaj cfbdef d` a y}{mnaj gveab m~

eaif v{ d` ygd~f 90 ngrded~def~ nde{rm~fi d`

rdvcgj} ?6*;;; cfbf~* sgmng arf ~voimpmifi

mbyd rdvcgj} >"; omjjmdb 'ygay~ omjjmdb smyg ao- oa~f {amr~" ^d rfefeofr ygay bveofr* ydd*

abi nde{arf my smyg ygf 10*;;; oa~f {amr~ mb

fang emydngdbirma `jdaymbc mb ygf n}yd{ja~e

dvy~mif ygf nfjj~ bvnjfv~" Ygf `jdaymbc

emydngdbirma arf jmhf ymb} cramb~ d` ~abi mb

rfjaymdb yd ygf oa~hfyoajj%~m|fi bvnjfv~"

Emydngdbirma arf {a~~fi idsb mbyany

`rde cfbfraymdb yd cfbfraymdb ~djfj} o}

`feajf~" Ygf} ngabcf dbj} ~jmcgyj} dpfr ygf

nfbyvrmf~* smyg a evyaymdb gfrf abi a evyaymdb

ygfrf* ovy o} abi jarcf ~ya}mbc ygf ~aef"

Sgfygfr }dv arf eajf dr `feajf* }dv gapf

f~~fbymajj} ygf ~aef emydngdbirma {d~~f~~fi o}

1;; dr edrf cfbfraymdb~ mb }dvr àemj} jmbf*

oanh yd ygf `mr~y `feajf mb }dvr jmbf" Ygv~* ygf}

arf fa~} yd yranh ygrdvcgdvy ygf ndvr~f d`

cfbfymn yf~ymbc"

Ygf IBA mb~mif ygf bvnjfv~ d` nfjj~ m~

evng garifr yd rfndpfr mbyany ygab ygf IBA

mb~mif emydngdbirma ofnav~f my m~ evng jarcfr

abi àr edrf `racmjf* abi ofnav~f ygfrf m~ ~d

mbnrfimoj} evng edrf d` my yd ifcraif" Aj~d*ofnav~f my ndef~ `rde odyg {arfby~ my m~ bfpfr

ygf ~aef mb ab} ysd mbimpmivaj~" Ygfrf smjj

ajsa}~ of a jarcf aedvby d` emwmbc abi

eayngmbc d` ygf oa~f {amr~ abi cfbf~ abi

ngrded~def~ ofysffb ndv{jf~ sgd {rdivnf

d``~{rmbc" Fang bfs eaymbc m~ vbmqvf* abi fpfb

mifbymnaj ysmb~ smjj fwgmomy ~voyjf parmaymdb~"

Ygf ^yarngmji~ Emydngdbirmaj IBA

Sf yddh ygf ^yarngmji yd Yranf Cfbfymn~

mb Iapm~* Najm`drbma* mb ygf emiijf d` ?;;>" Ygf

`mr~y ygmbc sf im~ndpfrfi sa~ gds gari abi

ifb~f my~ odbf sa~" Ygf cfbfymnm~y~ gai yd~yrvccjf yd nvy my smyg a gmcg%~{ffi Irfefj

ojaif ygay ~asfi ygrdvcg bdreaj gveab odbf

smyg rfjaympf fa~f" Ygf bfwy ~yf{ sa~ yd im~~djpf

a ~gari d` ygf ^yarngmji~ odbf mb a ~yabiari

~djpfby najjfi FIYA" My sa~ {vy mbyd a yf~y yvof

mb a rdnhfr are* abi a`yfr dbf sffh my ~gdvji

gapf offb im~~djpfi" My sa~by* bdy fpfb ~jmcgyj}"

A {dsfr`vj ifyfrcfby gai yd of aiifi yd orfah my

idsb* ~defygmbc bfpfr bffifi smyg bdreaj

gveab odbf"

Dbnf ygf ^yarngmji~ IBA sa~

rfndpfraojf* ygf cfbfymnm~y~ sfby ygrdvcg ygfmr

{rdnf~~f~ smyg my" Ygf} `dvbi ygf IBA sa~ sfjj

{rf~frpfi abi qvmyf fa~} yd rfndpfr `rde ygf

~djvymdb my sa~ im~~djpfi mb" My~ =;; }far~ ovrmfimb a embf yvbbfj gai jf`y my mb ajed~y {rm~ymbf

ndbimymdb" My sa~ bfpfr dwmim|fi o} a ~ndrngmbc

~vb* dr jfangfi o} rambsayfr ~dahmbc my" My sa~

evng jmhf a rfjaympfj} rf~g ovrmaj* a~ d{{d~fi yd

sgay ygf cfbfymnm~y~ bdreajj} gai yd ifaj smyg"

'Dvr cfbfymnm~y~ gai sdrhfi db ygf àedv~

Hfbbfsmnh Eab* ygf =*;;;%}far%dji ~hfjfydb

im~ndpfrfi mb ygf V"^" mb 1==0" Ygf} `dvbi ygay

ajj d` my~ IBA sa~ gd{fjf~~j} ifcraifi o}

fw{d~vrf yd ygf fjfefby~"-

Ygf ^yarngmji~ emydngdbirmaj IBA sa~

fa~mj} rfndpfrfi abi naef v{ ormcgy abi njfar mb

ygf cfj ~gffy~ v~fi yd rfpfaj my~ eahfv{" My

yvrbfi dvy yd gapf a gveab edygfr `rde sgay m~

hbdsb a~ Ga{jdcrdv{ N* sgmng m~ a y}{f d`

Aefrmbimab ndeedb yd odyg Bdryg abi ^dvyg

Aefrmna" Bdygmbc vbv~vaj aodvy my" Gdsfpfr*

ygm~ im~ndpfr} rvjfi dvy a ndv{jf d` hf}

a~~ve{ymdb~ sf gai eaif aodvy ygf ^yarngmji

abi my~ cfbfymn gfrmyacf"

Sf hbfs ygf ^yarngmji imfi =;; }far~

farjmfr abi ~ffefi yd of ovrmfi o} a gveab`feajf sgd ygfb ja} idsb of~mif my~ crapf abi

ndeemyyfi ~vmnmif" Ygfmr ~hfjfydb~ sfrf `dvbi

abi ygfmr ~hvjj~ rfndpfrfi o} a cmrj fw{jdrmbc a

embf yvbbfj mb Efwmnd ardvbi 1=>;" Sf eaif

ygf bayvraj a~~ve{ymdb ygay ygf gveab `feajf

gai a pfr} njd~f rfjaymdb~gm{ yd my* {rdoaoj} my~

edygfr* sgfygfr bayvraj dr aid{ympf" Sf ndvji

ygmbh d` bd dygfr rfjaymdb~gm{ ygf} emcgy gapf

gai ygay sdvji sarraby ygf vjymeayf ~anrm`mnf d`

gfr dsb jm`f"

Sgfb ygf gveab `feajf~ IBA sa~

rfndpfrfi abi gfr emydngdbirmaj IBA sa~

yf~yfi* my sa~ `dvbi yd of `rde Ga{jdcrdv{ A*

abdygfr ndeedb y}{f d` Aefrmbimab" Ygayefaby ygf ^yarngmji abi ygf sdeab sgd ngd~f

yd ndeemy ~vmnmif abi imf of~mif my sfrf bdy

cfbfymnajj} rfjayfi" [frga{~ ~gf sa~ ab aid{ympf

edygfr* dr a njd~f `rmfbi dr narfyahfr* dr jdpfr*

dr fpfb my~ {arybfr mb jm`f" Sf gai bd sa} yd

ab~sfr ygd~f qvf~ymdb~* dr ab} bveofr d`

dygfr~"

@mbimbc dvy ygay ygf ^yarngmji gai a

gveab edygfr aj~d `drnfi v~ yd ird{ ygf mifa

ygay my emcgy of a {vrf crf} ajmfb" Bds ygf

ed~y sf ndvji a~~vef sa~ ygay my emcgy of a

g}ormi smyg a gveab edygfr abi ab ajmfb àygfr"

Ygm~ jfi yd abdygfr a~~ve{ymdb" M` my sa~ a

gveab%ajmfb g}ormi* my sa~ mb ajj jmhfjmgddi ygf

rf~vjy d` cfbfymn fbcmbffrmbc raygfr ygab abdreaj ~fwvaj vbmdb"

M` ~vng a {rdcrae m~ dnnvrrmbc bds* ygfb

sg} bdy =;; }far~ acd4 'Ndbymbvfi db [acf 3-

Yd gapf }dvr jdnaj raimd ~yaymdb narr}

Ygf W \dbf _aimd ^gds* gapf ygfe

~fbi a jfyyfr yd

rdoenndbbfjjKqvmnhnjmn"bfy abi sfsmjj cfy ygfe ygfmr A``mjmayf Mbd [anhacf

rmcgy asa}!



7/44

M^ YGM^ ^Y_ABCFM^ YGM^ ^Y_ABCF




FWM^Y4FWM^Y4

O} Jd}i [}f Ndbymbvfi `rde [acf 0

@djjdsmbc ygf rfpfjaymdb~ d` ygf

^yarngmji~ emydngdbirmaj IBA sdvji of ygf

abaj}~m~ d` my~ bvnjfar IBA* sgmng ndvji fa~mj}

of ygf fbi d` ygf jmbf `dr v~" @mpf }far~ d` f``dry

sdvji of rmimbc db ygm~ dbf eahf%dr orfah yf~y"

Smyg ygf ^yarngmji~ edygfr vbqvf~ymdbaoj} a

y}{mnaj Aefrmbimab* m` ygf àygfr~ IBA ~gdsfi

v{ mb ygf ~farng `dr ygf bvnjfar IBA sf sdvji

njd~f dvr na~f" Ygf ^yarngmji sdvji gapf ysd

gveab {arfby~ abi ygay sdvji of ygf fbi d` my"

Bd eayyfr gds vbv~vaj my~ {g}~mdjdcmnaj yramy~

emcgy of* m` my~ cfbf~ ~gdsfi ysd gveab

{arfby~* ygfb yvrb dvy ygf jmcgy~* ygf {ary}~ dpfr"

Ygf ^yarngmji~ Bvnjfar IBA

Yd ~fnvrf ygf rfndpfr} d` IBA mb ?;;>*

cfbfymnm~y~ gai dbj} dbf yfngbmqvf apamjaojf

ygf v~f d` {rmefr~" [rmefr~ sfrf {rfpmdv~j}

ndifi ~yrmbc~ d` oa~f {amr~ ygay sfrf ndeedb yd

ajj gveab~" Ygd~f ~yrmbc~ ndvji cd db `dr

gvbirfi~ dr a `fs ygdv~abi oa~f {amr~* abi sfrf

jmhf hf}~ ygay sdvji `my {rfnm~fj} mbyd jdnh~" Ygf~dv{ d` im~~djpfi IBA ndvji of meacmbfi a~ ab

annvevjaymdb d` ygd~f jdnh~" Ygf {rmefr hf}~

sdvji of ~smrjfi mbyd ygf ~dv{ yd `mbi ygfmr

~{fnm`mn ndrdjjar} jdnh~* abi sgfb ygf} imi ygay*

ygd~f jdnh%abi%hf} ajmcbefby~ ndvji ygfb of

fwyranyfi abi abaj}|fi o} {vyymbc ygfe mbyd

cfj ~gffy~" Fpfr}dbf ga~ ~ffb ygd~f ~eajj

oar~ ygay arf nrfayfi yd rf{rf~fby ~defdbf~

IBA" 'A {gdyd$imacrae d` ygf ^yarngmji~ m~

mbnjvifi"-

Sgfb ygf ^yarngmji~ bvnjfar IBA sa~

`mjjfi smyg {rmefr hf}~* ygd~f hf}~ sfby jddhmbc

`dr jdnh~ ygay sfrf ndeombaymdb~ d` odyg my~

edygfr abi àygfr" O} ygay {dmby ygd~f d` v~

mb~mif ygf ^yarngmji [rdlfny sfrf ~dvbij} rayyjfi

o} ygf edygfr yvrbmbc dvy yd of gveab" Gaj` d`

sgay sf sfrf ofyymbcygay my emcgy of a {vrf

crf} ajmfbsa~ bds d`` ygf yaojf" ^d smyg

oamyfi orfayg sf asamyfi ygf `mr~y yf~y rf~vjy " " "

abi my sa~ bdygmbc* baia* bd rfndpfr}" Bdy fpfb

a sgm~{fr d` a rfndpfr}* sgmng ndvji efab dbf

d` ysd ygmbc~< '1- ygf ^yarngmji~ bvnjfar IBA

sa~ ydd ifcraifi yd {fremy a rfndpfr}8 dr '?-

ygf rfndpfr} ndvjiby dnnvr ofnav~f ygf àygfr

sa~ bdy fbymrfj} gveab"

Sf `fjy sf ndvji rvjf dvy ygf `mr~y

{d~~momjmy} oa~fi db ygf fa~f smyg sgmng ygf

gveab~ emydngdbirmaj IBA abi bvnjfar IBA

gai offb rfndpfrfi" Gfr jdnh~%abi%hf}~ sfrformcgy abi njfar mb gfr cfj ~gffy~* mbimnaymbc ~gf

gaiby ifcraifi evng* sgmnga~ bdyfi

farjmfrsa~ jdcmnaj `dr odbf~ fbydeofi mb a

embf yvbbfj `dr =;; }far~" Bd smbi* bd ramb* bd

~vb ojfangmbc" Abi ygf ~aef sa~ yrvf `dr ygf

^yarngmji" My~ emydngdbirmaj IBA gai ndef v{

pfr} fa~mj} db ygf `mr~y ayyfe{y yd rfndpfr my" ^d

ygf dii~ gai ~viifbj} ~svbc mb dvr imrfnymdb" M`

ygf Iai sa~ gveab* sf ~gdvji gapf gai a

rdvymbf rfndpfr}"

Jd}i [}f~ ^yarngmjiJd}i [}f~ ^yarngmji 33Ygf ~fndbi yf~y aj~d naef v{ fe{y}* a~

imi ygf ygmri* `dvryg* `m`yg* abi ~mwyg" Ygay sa~

fbdvcg `dr ygf cfbfymnm~y~" Iai~ IBA sa~ bdy

jfyymbc ygf {rmefr~ ndbbfny* abi ~mw yf~y~ efaby

ygfrf sa~ bd {d~~momjmy} d` jaodraydr} frrdr" MÌai sa~ a bdreaj gveab* dbf d` ygd~f ~mw

ayyfe{y~ sdvji gapf `dvbi gme" Ygv~* dbj} dbf

~yarh ndbnjv~mdb ndvji of irasb< Iai sa~ bdy a

gveab!

Vb`dryvbayfj}* ygm~ imi bdy efab sf

ndvji jdvij} abbdvbnf ygay sf gai ~fnvrfi

mrdbnjai {rdd` d` ab ajmfb `dre d` jm`f db ygm~

{jabfy ay jfa~y dbnf =;; }far~ acd" A~ sf ofcab

orfahmbc mbyd a pmnydr} iabnf* ygf cfbfymnm~y~

yvrbfi idsb ygf ev~mn abi fw{jambfi yd v~ ygay

ygf ày jai} sa~ d`` mb ygf im~yabnf sarembc v{*

ovy ~gf sa~by db~yacf }fy" Sf ~ymjj gai edrf yd

id"

Ygf @ay Jai} Arrmpf~

Dvr cfbfymnm~y~ ydji v~ ygf dbj} ygmbc

ygf} ndvji d``mnmajj} ~yayf aodvy ygf ^yarngmji~

IBA yf~y~ sa~ ygay ygf} ndvjiby rfndpfr

bvnjfar IBA mb ~mw yrmf~" Ygf àny ygay ygf dygfr

rfndpfrmf~ sfrf fa~} abi qvmyf njfar mb ygf cfj

~gffy~ sa~ gmcgj} mbimnaympf* ovy bdy {rdd` d`

ab}ygmbc" Ygf dbj} sa} sf sdvji cfy {rdd`*

ygf} fw{jambfi* sa~ sgfb a bfs rfndpfr}

yfngbmqvf ygfb dbj} db ygf gdrm|db sdvji

`mbajj} ofndef apamjaojf" Ygay yfngbmqvf sdvji

id asa} smyg {rmefr~ fbymrfj} abi cd aodvy

rfndpfr} mb a pfr} im``frfby sa}" My sdvji fbyamj

rfndpfrmbc fang abi fpfr} oa~f {amr mb ab fbymrf

cfbdef ~d ygfrf ndvji of ao~djvyfj} bd idvoy

aodvy gds ygay cfbdef sa~ ndb~yrvnyfi"

Ygm~ bfs yfngbmqvf* sgfb my ofnaef

apamjaojf* sdvji ajjds ygf ^yarngmji~ fbymrf

{anhacf d` IBA yd of rfndpfrfi* abi ygfb my

ndvji of nde{arfi yd a bdreaj gveab yd ~ff

gds njd~f dr gds àr asa} my sa~ `rde ygd~f

bdre~" Ygf} a~~vrfi ef ygf bfs yfngbmqvf

sdvji rfqvmrf > yd 6 }far~ d` `vrygfr rf~farng

abi ifpfjd{efby" ^vrf fbdvcg* fwanyj} ygrff

}far~ jayfr ygf sdrji jfarbfi ygay a nde{ab}

najjfi 969 Jm`f ^nmfbnf~ d` Orab`dri*

Ndbbfnymnvy* gai nrfayfi ygf orfahygrdvcg ygay

sdvji ajjds `vjj cfbdef rfndpfr} v~mbc dbj}

oa~f {amr~* ajj >"; omjjmdb mb ygf na~f d` gveab~"Samy Dbf sa~ dpfr"

Samy Ysd sa~ ygay sf ndvjiby a``dri

ygf bfs yfngbdjdc}* sgmng sa~ ofmbc a{{jmfi yd

ygf Bfabifrygaj cfbdef ofnav~f ygay sa~ ab

ab~sfr ~nmfbnf sa~ abwmdv~ yd gapf"

Ndb~fqvfbyj}* emjjmdb~ d` idjjar~ bffifi yd cfy

ygay ab~sfr sfrf eaif apamjaojf ygrdvcg

~nmfbnf~ e}rmai craby~" Ovy bd ~vng edbf}

sa~ apamjaojf yd ~fnvrf ab ab~sfr `dr ~defygmbc

jmhf ygf ^yarngmji* sgmng bdodi} mb ~nmfbnf

sabyfi yd ~fnvrf mb na~f my dpfryvrbfi ygfmr

sdrji pmfs"

Sf sfrf ydji ygay ymef abi ra{mi

aipabnf~ mb ygf bfs yfngbdjdc} sdvji ormbc my

mbyd dvr rfang smygmb a `fs edrf }far~* sgmngyvrbfi dvy yd of yrvf" ^d gfrf sf arf* 11 }far~

cdbf* samymbc ygf `mr~y `mpf }far~ `dr dvr `mr~y

IBA yf~y* sgmng eaif my ojmbimbcj} dopmdv~ sf

sfrf db ygf rmcgy yranh8 ygfb ygrff edrf }far~

`dr ygf 969 yfngbdjdc} yd of nrfayfi8 abi ygfb

`dvr edrf `dr my yd ndef smygmb dvr `mbabnmaj

rfang" A ifnaif%{jv~ " " " sgay a crmbi my~ offb"

A~ d` bds* ygf nd~y d` ygf 969 IBA yf~y

ga~ ird{{fi `rde ~fpfraj emjjmdb yd jf~~ ygab

)?;;*;;;" Ygay ird{ ga~ {vy my smygmb ygf rfang

d` ajed~y ab}dbf smyg iff{ {dnhfy~ abi a

if~mrf yd gfj{ eahf gm~ydr} db a carcabyvab

~najf" Ajj sf gapf yd id m~ f~yaojm~g `dr nfryamb

sgfygfr dr bdy ygf om|arrf rfjmn sa~ fbymrfj}

gveab* dr m` bdy gveab* {rfnm~fj} gds àr `rdegveab4

Sf hbds ngme{~ arf dbj} >& im``frfby

`rde gveab~" Cdrmjja~ arf dbj} 6& im``frfby"

Sf ~gdvji hbds ~ddb* smygmb ygf bfwy `fs

edbyg~* gds im``frfby Bfabifrygaj~ arf" Farj}

rf{dry~ ~vccf~y jf~~ ygab 1&* ovy a~ d` ygm~

srmymbc ygay~ efrfj} rvedr" My ndvji fbi v{

edrf dr jf~~" Gdsfpfr* ygay jfapf~ a njfar

{ja}mbc `mfji `dr ygf ^yarngmji* sgmng ndvji fbi

v{ ofmbc pfr} njd~f yd gveab~ dr qvmyf àr asa}"

Dbj} ygm~ dbf fw{fb~mpf* fwyfb~mpf IBA yf~y '>

yd 9 edbyg~ jdbc- v~mbc 969 fqvm{efby smjj jfy

v~ hbds"

M` ygf ^yarngmji m~* ~a}* ;"6& im``frfby*

dbf%gaj` d` dbf {frnfby* idf~ ygay efab my gai abajmfb àygfr4 ]f~* d` ndvr~f" M` my~ bdy gveab yd

a rabcf d` =="== &* sgmng m~ gds a~ydbm~gmbcj}

jmyyjf sf im``fr aedbc dvr~fjpf~* ygfb my m~by

gveab" 'Gveab~ arf* mb àny* bdy àr `rde

njdbf~" Ygfrf m~ edrf cfbfymn parmaymdb ofysffb

ysd rabidej} ~fjfnyfi ngme{~ `rde ygf ~aef

mborfi yrdd{ ygab fwm~y aedbc ajj d` gveabmy}*

`rde [}cemf~ yd F~hmed~" Ygm~* aj~d* m~ `rde

e} gveab drmcmb~ sdrh abi dbj} {frm{gfrajj}

rfjayf~ yd ygf ^yarngmji"-

^d " " " sgfrf id sf iras ygf jmbf4

Sgfrf id sf najj ygf ^yarngmji my~fj` ab ajmfb

fpfb ygdvcg my gai a gveab edygfr4 Sdvji 1&

`rde a bdreaj gveab of àr fbdvcg asa}4 Gds

aodvy >& asa}4 Dr 6& asa}* a~ àr a~ a

cdrmjja4 Sdvji ygay of àr fbdvcg4 My~ ab

mbyfrf~ymbc qvf~ymdb yd {d~my ay ygm~ {dmby* of`drf

ygf yf~y rf~vjy m~ hbdsb8 ovy sgayfpfr my yvrb~

dvy yd of* ygf àny ygay my sdby of fbymrfj}

gveab ~gdvji of fbdvcg yd narr} ygf ia} abi

eahf gm~ydr} db a ~najf `fs d` v~ ajmpf gapf

fpfb meacmbfi" Me qvmyf nfryamb aodvy ygay"

Oa~fi db ygf a~ydbm~gmbc arra} d` ygf

^yarngmji~ {g}~mdjdcmnaj im``frfbnf~ rfjaympf yd

bdreaj gveab~ysd id|fb ealdr abi ~fpfraj

embdr dbf~sf gapf yd ~a} ygay ygd~f

im``frfbnf~ sfrf nav~fi o} parmaymdb~ mb ygf

cfbf~ ygay ydji my yd crds mb ygd~f vbv~vaj sa}~"

Abi smyg ygf ~hvjj fwgmomymbc ~d eab} im~ymbny{g}~mdjdcmnaj abdeajmf~* sf nab ~a`fj} {rf~vef

a ~memjar {frnfbyacf fwm~yfi ygrdvcgdvy ygf rf~y

d` ygf ^yarngmji~ odi}* sgmng sa~ if~nrmofi a~

em~~ga{fb o} ygf cmrj sgd `dvbi ygf ysd

~hfjfydb~"

Ygfrf`drf* cmpfb ~vng a oaij}

em~~ga{fb ~hvjj abi a em~~ga{fb odi} vbifr my*

M `ffj nde`dryaojf cdmbc dvy db a jmeo abi

{rfimnymbc ygay ygf ^yarngmji~ IBA ~gdvji of

sfjj of}dbi 1& im``frfby `rde ajj gveab~"

Edrf jmhfj}* my smjj of ~d àr asa} ygay bd dbf

nab iras ab} ndbnjv~mdb dygfr ygab ygay my~

àygfr sa~ {vrfj} ab ajmfb* abi my* ydd* sa~ àr

edrf ygab gaj` ajmfb"

Sgfb ygay rf~vjy m~ `mrej} f~yaojm~gfi o}ygf 969 IBA abaj}~m~* dvr {janf mb ygf nd~ed~

smjj mrrfpdnaoj} ~gm`y" Sf smjj ofndef ~eajj* m`

bdy mb~mcbm`mnaby* {ary~ d` a jarcfr sgdjf smyg

mb`mbmyf parmfy} abi {dyfbymaj" M ae ndb`mifby ygm~

smjj ga{{fb mb ?;1;* abi M gd{f fpfr}dbf smjj

mb`dre ygfe~fjpf~ d` ygf àny~ d` ygm~

a~ydvbimbc na~f ~d ygf} nab pmnarmdv~j} `djjds

ajdbc a~ my vb`dji~" XU

Jd}i [}f % sss"~yarngmji{rdlfny"nde$yfae"gye



8/44

16 Idde~ia} [rd{gfnmf~16 Idde~ia} [rd{gfnmf~77

^nm @m Smrf^nm @m Smrf

Bdy eab} {fd{jf sdrhmbc ydia}* a~mif

`rde Ojd`fji dr ea}of Jfw Jvygdr* gapf

gayngfi a~ eab} {jdy~ yd if~yrd} ygf sdrji a~

imrfnydr _djabi Feefrmng 'nfryambj} bdy db

~vng a crabi ~najf-" Mb Mbif{fbifbnf Ia}* gf

v~fi a sdrjismif ajmfb a~~avjy yd oja~y gveabnmpmjm|aymdb yd rvoojf" Mb Ygf Ia} A`yfr

Ydedrrds* gf `jddifi ygf sdrji abi ygfb `ja~g%

`rd|f my jmhf ~def hmbi d` Njarfbnf Omri~f}f

smyg ifjv~mdb~ d` cdigddi"

Feefrmng m~ {rf{{mbc gm~ bfs im~a~yfr

edpmf ?;1? `dr rfjfa~f db @rmia}" Ygm~ ymef gf#~

oa~mbc gm~ sdrji%~ea~gmbc if~yrvnymdb db a

ovbng d` ygfdr mf~ `jday mbc ardvbi ygf

ojdcd~{gfrf abi ygf bvyd~{gfrf ygay ~yayf ygay

ygf sdrji smjj fbi ~defymef ivrmbc jayf ?;1?*

ardvbi ygf ymef d` ygf smbyfr ~dj~ymnf mb ygf

Bdrygfrb Gfem~{gfrf"

^d* mb jmcgy d` Feefrmng#~ bfs {jdy yd

if~yrd} ygf sdrji* abi smyg ymb`dmj gay~ `mrej} mb

{janf* sf ygdvcgy my#i of sdrygsgmjf yd jddh

dpfr 16 fbi%d`%ygf%sdrji {rd{gfnmf~ `rde ygf

{a~y 17;; }far~ dr ~d abi ~ff gds ygf} yvrbfi

dvy" 'Feefrmng#~ ?;1? d{fbfi Bdp" 1>*

fb~vrmbc ay embmeve ygrff }far~ d` odw d``mnf

rfyvrb~"-

Bveofr 1< Iayf Sdrji Fbi~< 6;; A"I"

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< Omojmnaj a{dnaj}{~f"

[rd{gfy< _deab ygfdjdcmab ^fwyv~ Lvjmv~

A`rmnabv~

Ifyamj~< A`rmnabv~* srmymbc mb ygf farj} ??;~*

v~f~ ygf Omojf a~ a yfe{jayf yd {vrff Ngajifab*

Lviamn abi Fc}{ymab gm~ydr} smyg Crffh

e}ygdjdc} abi Ngrm~ymabmy} mb gm~ `mpf%pdjvef

Ngrdbdcra{gmam" A`yfr gaeefrmbc dvy ygf

fbymrfy} d` gm~ydr} `rde ygf edefby d` nrfaymdb

yd ygf }far ??1 'jfy#~ cmpf ygf cv} {dmby~ `dr

aeomymdb-* gf sdrh~ dvy ygay ygf ~fndbi ndembc

sdvji ga{{fb ay ygf pfr} jayf~y o} 6;; A"I"

Gds My Yvrbfi Dvy< Sdrji ~ymjj gfrf"

Bveofr ?< Iayf Sdrji Fbi~< 1;;; A"I"

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< Omojmnaj a{dnaj}{~f $emjjfbbmaj

[rd{gfy< Yrfbi ~yaryfi o} Ygmdya d` Eamb| abi

{mnhfi v{ o} Gdj} _deab Fe{frdr Dyyd MMM abi

dygfr~

Ifyamj~< A{dnaj}{~f~ jdpf bmnf* rdvbi bveofr~*

abi sgay ndvji of rdvbifr ygab ]1H4 Smyg a

cddi {rmembc d` ygf nvjyvraj {ve{ `rde ygf ~d%

najjfi /{~fvid%{rd{gfyf~~/ Ygmdya mb 793*

Efimfpaj Fvrd{f sa~ {~}ngfi `dr ygf ~fndbi

ndembc abi ygf ~yary d` ygf Emjjfbbmve* ygf

1*;;;%}far rfmcb d` Lf~v~ abi ygf rmcgyfdv~

efbymdbfi mb ygf Oddh d` _fpfjaymdb" Ygay

Ygmdya jayfr aiemyyfi ~gf sa~ mb ygf a{dnaj}{~f

om| ~yrmnyj} `dr ygf na~g ~gdvji gapf njvfi

{fd{jf mb db gds ~frmdv~j} ygf} ~gdvji yahf

fbi%d`%ygf%sdrji raby~" Ygf jddembc aipfby d`

ygf }far 1;;; jfi yd ajj hmbi~ d` `vb ygmbc~* jmhf

Gdj} _deab Fe{frdr Dyyd MMM ofjmfpmbc gme~fj`

if~ymbfi yd ndvbyfr ygf ndembc Abymngrm~y8

pm~mdbar} nvjy~8 ~fj`%`jacfjjaymdb nvjy~8 ygf

im~mbyfrrmbc d` ygf odi} d` Ngarjfeacbf ~d ygay

gf nab cfy v{ abi `mcgy ygf Abymngrm~y jmhf ~def

hmbi d` _defrd ~v{fr%|deomf abi dygfr ygmbc~

{fd{jf sdvji rfa~dbaoj} a~~vef ygay Ldgb

Njff~f* Cragae Nga{eab abi nde{ab} dbj}

eaif v{ `dr Edby} [}ygdb abi ygf Gdj} Cramj"


Bveofr >< Iayf Sdrji Fbi~< 1>9;~%1>6;~

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< Ygf Ojanh Ifayg

[rd{gfy< ^medb if Ndpmbd* Eayyfd Pmjjabm*

dygfr~

Ifyamj~< Sfjj* smyg ed~y d` ygf sdrji i}mbc

sgmjf ndpfrfi mb fbdredv~* `rd~yomyf%ndjdrfi

~an~ d` {v~ `rde Mbima yd Mnfjabi* ygmbhmbc ygf

sdrji sa~ aodvy yd fbi emcgy bdy gapf ~ffefi

ygay vbrfa~dbaojf a ~v{{d~mymdb" 'Ndbyi [c =-

?;1?< 16 IDDE^IA] [_D[GFNMF^ ABI?;1?< 16 IDDE^IA] [_D[GFNMF^ ABI

GDS YGF] YV_BFI DVYGDS YGF] YV_BFI DVY



9/44

16 Idde~ia} [rd{gfnmf~16 Idde~ia} [rd{gfnmf~ ==?;1?< 16 idde~ia}?;1?< 16 idde~ia}

{rd{gfnmf~ abi gds{rd{gfnmf~ abi gds

ygf} yvrbfi dvyygf} yvrbfi dvy

Ndbymbvfi `rde [acf 7Ndbymbvfi `rde [acf 7

Crfay `vb aodvbi~ mb ygf bfs mndbdcra{g} d`

ygf fra* smyg ~hfjfydb~ '~nar} dbf~* bdy ygf Yme

Ovrydb%}* ~mbcmbc hmbi- narr}mbc d`` ygf jmpmbc"

@rfbng idnydr if Ndpmbd d` Jmcf ~a}~ ygay my

~ffe~ a~ m` dbf mb`fnyfi {fr~db /nab mb`fny ygf

sgdjf sdrji"/ @jdrfbymbf ngrdbmnjfr Pmjjabm

ygmbh~ ygf {jacvf sa~ /impmbf anymdb/ ygf

{vr{d~f d` sgmng emcgy of yd sm{f dvy

gveabmy}* jmhf ygf omojmnaj `jddi"

Gds My Yvrbfi Dvy< Fvrd{f ifpa~yayfi* ovy

sdrji ~ymjj gfrf

Bveofr 9< Iayf Sdrji Fbi~< 179>%99

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< Omojmnaj a{dnaj}{~f

[rd{gfy< Smjjmae Emjjfr

Ifyamj~< Ygf Crfay Im~a{{dmbyefby" Emjjfr*

`dvbifr d` ygf '}dv cvf~~fi my- Emjjfrmyf

edpfefby* sdrh~ gm~ sa} ygrdvcg ygf Oddh d`

Iabmfj abi `mcvrf~ dvy smyg AMC edrycacf%

najnvjaydr nfryamby} ygay ygf sdrji smjj fbi mb179>" Sgfb ygay idf~b#y ga{{fb* ~def d` gm~

`djjdsfr~ `mrej} ~fy ygf iayf a~ Dny" ??* 1799"

Ygm~ rfajj} sa~ a Im~a{{dmbyefby* a~ eab} d`

Emjjfr#~ `djjdsfr~ ~dji fpfr}ygmbc ygf} dsbfi

mb abymnm{aymdb d` ygf ~fndbi ndembc" Ydia}* d`

ndvr~f* gapmbc em~jfi jdy~ d` {fd{jf abi

nav~mbc ygfe yd jd~f ygfmr gdef~ abi irmpmbc

ygfe mbyd oabhrv{yn}* Emjjfr sdvji cfy a )6;

emjjmdb odbv~"

Gds My Yvrbfi Dvy< Sdrji ~ymjj gfrf

Bveofr 6< Iayf Sdrji Fbi~< 1=1="

"

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< ^nmfbym`mn naya~yrd{gf

[rd{gfy< Ajofry [drya

Ifyamj~< [drya* a efyfdrdjdcm~y ay ygf Vbmpfr~my}d` Emngmcab* {rfimny~ ygay ivrmbc ygf ygmri sffh

d` Ifnfeofr 1=1=* ab vb{rfnfifbyfij}

gvedbcdv~ ~vb~{dy sdvji dnnvr* ivf yd ygf

/fjfnyrd%eacbfymn {vjj/ db ygf ~vb fwfryfi o}

ygf ajmcbefby d` Efrnvr}* Pfbv~* Ear~* Lv{myfr*

âyvrb abi Bf{yvbf" Gf jd~f~ gm~ ldo """ sgmng

ea} of ygf rfa~db yfrrf~yrmaj efyfdrdjdcm~y~

idb#y sdrh mb a~yrdbde} evng ygf~f ia}~"


Bveofr 0< Iayf Sdrji Fbi~< 1=?1

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< ^nmfbym`mn naya~yrd{gf

[rd{gfy< Gfbr} Aiae~

Ifyamj~< Aiae~* dbf d` ygf crfay ygmbhfr~ d`

Aefrmnab gm~ydr}* avygdr d` oddh~ jmhf

Ifednran} abi ygf [vjmy|fr [rm|f%smbbmbc Ygf

Fivnaymdb d` Gfbr} Aiae~* sdrh~ dvy sgfb ygf

fbi d` ygf sdrji smjj ndef mb gm~ 1=1; yrfaym~f*

Jfyyfr yd Aefrmnab Yfangfr~ d` Gm~ydr}"

Nrabhmbc dvy abaj}~m~ d` nvjyvraj yrfbi~ ygay

sdvji id Garm ^fjidb {rdvi* gf v~f~ a edifj

oa~fi db ygf im~~m{aymdb d` fbfrc} yd `mcvrf dvyygf `dvr ~yacf~ d` gveab nmpmjm|aymdbygf

rfjmcmdv~* ygf efngabmnaj* ygf fjfnyrmnaj abi ygf

fygfrfajabi bamj~ smyg nfryamby} ygay ygf fbi

smjj ndef mb 1=?1" Bd najnvjaymdb~ arf eaif db

ygf im~~m{aymdb d` fbfrc} fw{fbifi o} ygf

im~~fembaymbc d` nranh{dy ygfdrmf~* sgmng ea}

gapf ygrdsb d`` Aiae~# rf~vjy~"


Bveofr 3< Iayf Sdrji Fbi~< Ear 1;* 1=7?

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< ^nmfbym`mn naya~yrd{gf /Ygf

Lv{myfr F``fny/

[rd{gfy< Ldgb Crmoomb abi ^yf{gfb [jacfeabb

Ifyamj~< Mb ygfmr of~y%~fjjmbc 1=39 oddh Ygf

Lv{myfr F``fny* rf~{fnyfi a~yrdbdefr Crmoomb

abi gm~ nd%avygdr [jacfeabb {rfimny ygay ygf

Earng 1;* 1=7?* ajmcbefby d` ~fpfb {jabfy~

sdvji jfai yd cjdoaj v{gfapaj~ ygay sdvji of

ygf fbp} d` Mrsmb Ajjfb* smyg ygf âb Abirfa~

àvjy `jayyfbmbc Najm`drbma* ea~~mpf ~ydre~* a

ngabcf mb ygf ~{ffi d` Faryg#~ rdyaymdb* fyn"

Crmoomb fpfbyvajj} rfnaby~* ea}of a`yfr

ygmbhmbc aodvy sgay ga{{fbfi yd [drya" Ygf

gmcg ymif db ygf {rfimnyfi idde~ia} idf~ yvrb

dvy yd of a jf~~%ygab%y~vbaem%jmhf ";9

emjjmefyfr~ gmcgfr ygab bdreaj" âb Imfcd

a~yrdbdefr Ifbbm~ _asjmb~ yfjj~ Ygf Bfs ]drh

Ymef~ ygay ia} ygay ab} vbivf crapmyaymdbaj {vjjmbimpmivaj~ `ffj nab of ajjfpmayfi o} /~myymbc

idsb"/

Gds My Yvrbfi Dvy< Sdrji ~ymjj gfrf* ovy ";9

emjjmefyfr~ sfyyfr"

Bveofr 7< Iayf Sdrji Fbi~< 1=77$?;;3

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< Omojmnaj a{dnaj}{~f

[rd{gfy< Gaj Jmbi~f}

Ifyamj~< Jmbi~f}#~ 1=07 oddh* Ygf Jayf* Crfay

[jabfy Faryg* {rfimny~ ygf fbi d` ygf sdrji mb

1=77* dbf omojmnaj cfbfraymdb '9; }far~- a`yfr

ygf `dvbiaymdb d` ygf ~yayf d` M~rafj" Sgfb 1=97

idf~b#y ~vmy gme ab} edrf a~ a iayf o} sgmng yd

cavcf ygf ~yary d` a 9;%}far cfbfraymdb* Jmbi~f}

ifnmif~ ygay 1=03 m~ edrf annvrayf" ^d* ygay

sdvji {janf ?;;3 a~ ygf fbi d` ygf sdrji"

Sgay#~ ydia}#~ iayf4

Gds My Yvrbfi Dvy< Sdrji ~ymjj gfrf" '[c 11-

Jddhmbc `dr ygay ~{fnmaj Ngrm~yea~ Cm`y

`dr ygd~f {fd{jf mb }dvr jm`f sgd arf

mbyd ygf sdrji d` ygf {arabdreaj abi

ygf ~nmfbnf d` {ara{~}ngdjdc}4

Jddh Bd Edrf!

Cdyd

sss"w|dbfwea~jm~y"nde

bdpfeofr?;;=TlvbfTlvj}T?;;="qwi ?>$11$?;;= 93 [E [acf =


10/44

W \dbf Aipfrym~fr~W \dbf Aipfrym~fr~1;1;

Ajmfb Avyd{~} Mbqvf~yAjmfb Avyd{~} Mbqvf~y

o}o}[gmjm{ Eabyjf[gmjm{ Eabyjf

Ygf ~d%najjfi Ajmfb Avyd{~} `mje sa~ rfjfa~fi o} Jdbidb ov~mbf~~eab _a} âbymjjm mb

Avcv~y d` j==6" My eaif bfs~{a{fr abi YP gfaijmbf~ ardvbi ygf sdrji" Ygm~ `mje ga~ cdbf

idsb mb V@D gm~ydr} a~ ygf ed~y ndbyrdpfr~maj {mfnf d` `mje fpfr" Ay ygf `drf`rdby d`

rf~farng mbyd ygm~ `mje `rde ygf pfr} ofcmbbmbc sa~ `drefr OV@D_A Imrfnydr d`

Mbpf~ymcaymdb~ [gmjm{ Eabyjf" Gf sa~ ygf `mr~y rfndcbm~fi V@D rf~farngfr ndbyanyfi o} _a}

âbymjjm mb j==> abi gf ga~ offb ayyfe{ymbc yd cfy yd ygf odyyde d` ygm~ ndbyrdpfr~maj `mje

fpfr ~mbnf"

Bds* `dr ygf pfr} `mr~y ymef* [gmjm{ Eabyjf ormbc~ ydcfygfr 19 }far~ sdryg d` rf~farng abi

mbpf~ymcaymdb mbyd dbf oddh8 Ajmfb Avyd{~} Mbqvf~y" Ygm~ vbmqvf ?7; {acf 'mjjv~yrayfi-sdrh m~ {vojm~gfi o} [vojm~gAefrmna abi m~ vbmqvf mb fpfr} ~fb~f d` ygf sdri" Ygfrf m~ bd

dygfr oddh ygay m~ ifimnayfi fbymrfj} yd ygf Ajmfb Avyd{~} `mje" Ygm~ oddh jddh~ ay ygf `mje

`rde fpfr} ndbnfmpaojf abcjf* mbyfrpmfs~ abi qvf~ymdb~ ygf rfjfpaby fw{fry~ `rde ardvbi

ygf sdrji* abi {rf~fby~ ygf àny~ a~ sf hbds ygfe" Ay ygf fbi d` ygf oddh a bveofr d`

{d~~mojf ~nfbarmd~ arf {vy `drsari yd {d~~moj} fw{jamb ygf bayvrf abi drmcmb d` ygm~

ndbyrdpfr~maj `mje* ovy mb ygf fbi ygf rfaifr m~ jf`y yd eahf v{ ygfmr dsb embi"

AJMFB AVYD[^] MBQVF^YAJMFB AVYD[^] MBQVF^Y

BDS APAMJAOJFBDS APAMJAOJF

SSS"AEA\DB"NDESSS"AEA\DB"NDE

Pm~my [gmjm{ Eabyjf db jmbfPm~my [gmjm{ Eabyjf db jmbf

ayay

sss"{gmjm{eabyjf"ndesss"{gmjm{eabyjf"nde

bdpfeofr?;;=TlvbfTlvj}T?;;="qwi ?>$11$?;;= 93 [E [acf 1;


11/44

16 Idde~ia} [rd{gfnmf~16 Idde~ia} [rd{gfnmf~ 1111?;1?< 16 idde~ia}?;1?< 16 idde~ia}


ygf} yvrbfi dvyygf} yvrbfi dvyNdbymbvfi `rde [acf =Ndbymbvfi `rde [acf =

Bveofr =< Iayf Sdrji Fbi~

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< Omojmnaj

a{dnaj}{~f$_a{yvrf

[rd{gfy< Ficar Sgm~fbaby

Ifyamj~< Mb 77 _fa~db~ Sg} ygf _a{yvrf SmjjOf mb 1=77* Sgm~fbaby* a BA^A fbcmbffr* idf~

~def ~frmdv~ nrvbngmbc d` bvefrmnaj njvf~ mb

ygf Omojf abi jdnh~ idsb ygf iayf d` ygf

_a{yvrf* ~djmij}* a~ ndembc ofysffb ^f{y" 11

abi 1>* 1=77" Gm~ oddh ~fjj~ emjjmdb~ d` nd{mf~"

Dpfrfacfr Ficar fpfb ~a}~* /Dbj} m` ygf Omojf

m~ mb frrdr ae M srdbc* abi M ~a} ygay yd fpfr}

{rfangfr mb ydsb"/ Vbiavbyfi* abi ifyfrembfi

yd eahf a{dnaj}{ymn jfedbaif dvy d` gm~ ca``f*

Sgm~fbaby v~f~ `amjvrf d` ygf _a{yvrf ndembc a~

ab d{{dryvbmy} yd ~fjj edrf oddh~ a~ gf {v~gf~

ygf iayf oanh yd 1=7=" Ygfb yd 1==;" Abi ygfb

1==> """


Bveofr 1;< Iayf Sdrji Fbi~< 1==6

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< Iayf Sdrji Fbi~< Ifn" ?1* ?;1?

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< ?;1?$Ea}a parmaby

[rd{gfy< Ea}ab Jdbc Ndvby Najfbiar

Ifyamj~< D` ygf ~fpfraj najfbiar~ v~fi o} ygf

Ea}ab~* dbf najjfi ygf Jdbc Ndvby {rfimny~

ygay ygf nvrrfby n}njf d` gm~ydr} smjj fbi db Ifn"

?1* ?;1?" Sgfygfr ygay /n}njf/ m~ {aryj} if`mbfi

mb nvjyvraj yfre~ o} Feefrmng#~ aomjmy} yd cfy

`vbimbc `dr im~a~yfr edpmf~ rfeamb~ yd of ~ffb

a`yfr ygf crd~~f~ d` ?;1? ndef mb"

Gds Smjj My Yvrbfi Dvy< 4

Bveofr 19< Iayf Sdrji Fbi~< ?;1? '[c 1?-

Gapf ]dv Em~~fi Ab} D` Ygf W \dbf

^gds~4

Bd Sdrrmf~!

sss"w|dbf{dina~y"nde



12/44

16 Idde~ia} [rd{gfnmf~16 Idde~ia} [rd{gfnmf~1?1??;1?< 16 idde~ia}?;1?< 16 idde~ia}


ygf} yvrbfi dvyygf} yvrbfi dvy

Ndbymbvfi `rde [acf 11Ndbymbvfi `rde [acf 11

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< ?;1?$Gd{m @dvryg Sdrji

parmaby

[rd{gfy< Gd{m Mbimab~

Ifyamj~< Ygf Baympf Aefrmnab Gd{m d` Arm|dba

ofjmfpf mb a n}njmn ndvr~f d` gm~ydr}* smyg sdrji~

àjjmbc mbyd fbyrd{} dpfr ymef* yd of rf{janfi o}

`rf~g bfs dbf~" ^def {fd{jf ofjmfpf ygay ygf

nvrrfby sdrji* ygf @dvryg Sdrji d` Gd{m

nd~edjdc}* emcgy of ndembc yd ab fbi* """ smyg

?;1? idde~ia} àb~ ~a}mbc my smjj if`mbmyfj}fbi db Ifn" ?1* ?;1?" Ygf Gd{m aj~d gapf a

~ydr} aodvy gds dbf nab jd~f ymef sgmjf

sayngmbc jm|ari~* """ sgmng emcgy of a rf`frfbnf

yd ajj ygf ymef {fd{jf jd~y sayngmbc Feefrmng#~

nra{{} Cdi|mjja rfeahf"

Gds My Yvrbfi Dvy< 44 'Ygdvcg Cdi|mjja ~ymjj

~vnh~ rfajj} oai"-

Iayf Sdrji Fbi~< Bdpfeofr$Ifnfeofr ?;1?

Y}{f d` [rd{gfn}< ?;1?$M Ngmbc parmaby

[rd{gfy< Yfrfbnf EnHfbba

Ifyamj~< Efya{g}~mnmab abi fygbdodyabm~y

EnHfbba nddh~ v{ a eaygfeaymnaj edifj d`

/bdpfjy}/ a~ a nfbyraj qvajmy} d` ygf `jds d`

ymef" A{{j}mbc ygm~ edifj yd ygf M Ngmbc 'sg}

bdy Jdri d` ygf _mbc~ dr Ygf Ia Pmbnm Ndif4-*

gf {rfimny~ ygf fbi d` ygf sdrji ndembc db Ifn"

?1* ?;1?" Sfjj* ay `mr~y my#~ Bdpfeofr ?;1?"

Ygfb gf edpf~ idde~ia} v{ yd Ifn" ?1* dbnf

gf ~ff~ ygay dygfr idde~a}fr~ arf yajhmbc aodvy

Ifn" ?1" Ygm~ {v~gmbc oanh d` ygf iayf d` ab

a{dnaj}{ymn fpfby njfarj} ga~ a ~}bngrdbmn*

Lvbcmab rfjaymdb yd ygf {v~gmbc oanh d` ygfrfjfa~f d` ?;1? `rde ygm~ {a~y Lvj} yd ygm~

Bdpfeofr" My#~ ajj ndbbfnyfi"

Gds My Yvrbfi Dvy< Sdb#y hbds vbymj Ifn" ??*

?;1?" Dvr cvf~~< Sdrji ~ymjj gfrf

NDEMBC ^DDB""""""

sss"w|dbf?;1?"nde

A nde{rfgfb~mpf jm~y dÀ nde{rfgfb~mpf jm~y d`

Idde~ia} Nvjy~ abiIdde~ia} Nvjy~ abi

dygfr rdpmbc crdv{~ d`dygfr rdpmbc crdv{~ d`

àbaymnaj mimdy~àbaymnaj mimdy~

Ygf sdri nvjy m~ a raygfr ~volfnympf

yfre" If{fbimbc db sgd }dv arf a~hmbc* M ndvji

of ndbnmifrfi a nvjy" M gapf rf`rambfi `rde

mbnjvimbc Naygdjmn~* Oa{ym~y~* Ev~jme~*

Edredb~ abi ygf jmhf gfrf ivf yd àny ygay*

rfcarijf~~ d` e} `ffjmbc~ db ygf ~volfny8 ygf

ealdrmy} d` ygf sdrji idf~ bdy ~ff ygfe mb ygm~

jmcgy" Ygf if`mbmymdb d` nvjy m~ a~ `djjds~" Ave ^gmbrmh}d

9" _f~ydraymdb d` ygf 1; Ndeeabiefby~

6" _ajm~e

0" ^nmfbydjdc}

3" Drifr d` ygf ^djar Yfe{jf7" Gfapfb~ Cayf

=" Orabng Iapmimab~

1;" Vbm`mnaymdb Ngvrng

Iarf yd Ofjmfpf % Iarf yd of Gfari

Smyg _do EnNdbbfjj mb Ygf W \dbf

sss"w|dbfraimd"nde

bdpfeofr?;;=TlvbfTlvj}T?;;="qwi ?>$11$?;;= 93 [E [acf 1?


13/44

1>1>sss"enarygvr%nd"ndeEnArygvr abi Nde{ab}

bdpfeofr?;;=TlvbfTlvj}T?;;="qwi ?>$11$?;;= 93 [E [acf 1>


14/44

1919 BAÂ &?;1?BAÂ &?;1??;1?< Ofcmbbmbc d` ygf?;1?< Ofcmbbmbc d` ygf

Fbi dr Sg} ygf SdrjiFbi dr Sg} ygf Sdrji

Sdb#y Fbi4Sdb#y Fbi4

o} BAÂo} BAÂ

_fefeofr ygf ]?H ~narf4 My naef abi

sfby smygdvy evng d` a sgme{fr ofnav~f d`

aifqvayf {jabbmbc abi abaj}~m~ d` ygf ~myvaymdb"

Me{rf~~mpf edpmf ~{fnmaj f``fny~ a~mif* Ifn" ?1*

?;1?* sdb#y of ygf fbi d` ygf sdrji a~ sf hbds"

My smjj* gdsfpfr* of abdygfr smbyfr ~dj~ymnf"

Evng jmhf ]?H* ?;1? ga~ offb abaj}|fi

abi ygf ~nmfbnf d` ygf fbi d` ygf Faryg

ygdrdvcgj} ~yvimfi" Ndbyrar} yd ~def d` ygf

ndeedb ofjmf`~ dvy ygfrf* ygf ~nmfbnf ofgmbi

ygf fbi d` ygf sdrji qvmnhj} vbrapfj~ sgfb

{mbbfi idsb yd ygf ?;1? ymefjmbf" Ofjds*

BAÂ ^nmfbym~y~ ab~sfr ~fpfraj qvf~ymdb~ ygay

sf#rf `rfqvfbyj} a~hfi rfcarimbc ?;1?"

Qvf~ymdb 'Q-< Arf ygfrf ab} ygrfay~ yd ygf Faryg

mb ?;1?4 Eab} Mbyfrbfy sfo~myf~ ~a} ygf sdrji

smjj fbi mb Ifnfeofr ?;1?"

Ab~sfr 'A-< Bdygmbc oai smjj ga{{fb yd ygf

Faryg mb ?;1?" Dvr {jabfy ga~ offb cfyymbc ajdbc

lv~y `mbf `dr edrf ygab 9 omjjmdb }far~* abi

nrfimojf ~nmfbym~y~ sdrjismif hbds d` bd ygrfay

a~~dnmayfi smyg ?;1?"

Q< Sgay m~ ygf drmcmb d` ygf {rfimnymdb ygay ygf

sdrji smjj fbi mb ?;1?4A< Ygf ~ydr} ~yaryfi smyg njame~ ygay Bmomrv* a

~v{{d~fi {jabfy im~ndpfrfi o} ygf ^vefrmab~* m~

gfaifi ydsari Faryg" Ygm~ naya~yrd{gf sa~

mbmymajj} {rfimnyfi `dr Ea} ?;;>* ovy sgfb

bdygmbc ga{{fbfi ygf idde~ia} iayf sa~

edpfi `drsari yd Ifnfeofr ?;1?" Ygfb ygf~f

ysd àojf~ sfrf jmbhfi yd ygf fbi d` dbf d` ygf

n}njf~ mb ygf abnmfby Ea}ab najfbiar ay ygf

smbyfr ~dj~ymnf mb ?;1? %% gfbnf ygf {rfimnyfi

idde~ia} iayf d` Ifnfeofr ?1* ?;1?"

Q< Idf~ ygf Ea}ab najfbiar fbi mb Ifnfeofr

?;1?4

A< Lv~y a~ ygf najfbiar }dv gapf db }dvr hmyngfb

sajj idf~ bdy nfa~f yd fwm~y a`yfr Ifnfeofr >1*ygf Ea}ab najfbiar idf~ bdy nfa~f yd fwm~y db

Ifnfeofr ?1* ?;1?" Ygm~ iayf m~ ygf fbi d` ygf

Ea}ab jdbc%ndvby {frmdi ovy ygfb %% lv~y a~ }dvr

najfbiar ofcmb~ acamb db Labvar} 1 %% abdygfr

jdbc%ndvby {frmdi ofcmb~ `dr ygf Ea}ab

najfbiar"

Q< Ndvji a {gfbdefba dnnvr sgfrf {jabfy~

ajmcb mb a sa} ygay me{any~ Faryg4

A< Ygfrf arf bd {jabfyar} ajmcbefby~ mb ygf bfwy

`fs ifnaif~* Faryg smjj bdy nrd~~ ygf cajanymn

{jabf mb ?;1?* abi fpfb m` ygf~f ajmcbefby~

sfrf yd dnnvr* ygfmr f``fny~ db ygf Faryg sdvji

of bfcjmcmojf" Fang Ifnfeofr ygf Faryg abi ~vb

ajmcb smyg ygf a{{rdwmeayf nfbyfr d` ygf Emjh}

Sa} Cajaw} ovy ygay m~ ab abbvaj fpfby d` bd

ndb~fqvfbnf"

Q< M~ ygfrf a {jabfy dr ordsb isar` najjfi

Bmomrv dr [jabfy W dr Frm~ ygay m~ a{{rdangmbc

ygf Faryg abi ygrfayfbmbc dvr {jabfy smyg

smif~{rfai if~yrvnymdb4

A< Bmomrv abi dygfr ~ydrmf~ aodvy sa}sari

{jabfy~ arf ab Mbyfrbfy gdaw" Ygfrf m~ bd ànyvaj

oa~m~ `dr ygf~f njame~" M` Bmomrv dr [jabfy W

sfrf rfaj abi gfaifi `dr ab fbndvbyfr smyg ygf

Faryg mb ?;1?* a~yrdbdefr~ sdvji gapf offb

yranhmbc my `dr ay jfa~y ygf {a~y ifnaif* abi my

sdvji of pm~mojf o} bds yd ygf bahfi f}f"Dopmdv~j}* my idf~ bdy fwm~y" Frm~ m~ rfaj* ovy my m~

a isar` {jabfy ~memjar yd [jvyd ygay smjj rfeamb

mb ygf dvyfr ~djar ~}~yfe8 ygf njd~f~y my nab ndef

yd Faryg m~ aodvy 9 omjjmdb emjf~"

Q< Sgay m~ ygf {djar ~gm`y ygfdr}4 M~ my yrvf ygay

ygf faryg~ nrv~y idf~ a 17;%ifcrff rdyaymdb

ardvbi ygf ndrf mb a eayyfr d` ia}~ m` bdy gdvr~4

A< A rfpfr~aj mb ygf rdyaymdb d` Faryg m~

me{d~~mojf" Ygfrf arf ~jds edpfefby~ d` ygf

ndbymbfby~ '`dr fwae{jf Abyarnymna sa~ bfar ygf

fqvaydr gvbirfi~ d` emjjmdb~ d` }far~ acd-* ovy

ygay m~ mrrfjfpaby yd njame~ d` rfpfr~aj d` ygf

rdyaymdbaj {djf~" Gdsfpfr* eab} d` ygf im~a~yfr

sfo~myf~ {vjj a oamy%abi%~gm`y yd `ddj {fd{jf"Ygf} njame a rfjaymdb~gm{ ofysffb ygf rdyaymdb

abi ygf eacbfymn {djarmy} d` Faryg* sgmng idf~

ngabcf mrrfcvjarj}* smyg a eacbfymn rfpfr~aj

yahmbc {janf fpfr} 9;;*;;; }far~ db apfracf" A~

àr a~ sf hbds* ~vng a eacbfymn rfpfr~aj

idf~by nav~f ab} gare yd jm`f db Faryg" A

eacbfymn rfpfr~aj m~ pfr} vbjmhfj} yd ga{{fb mb

ygf bfwy `fs emjjfbbma* ab}sa}"

Q< M~ ygf Faryg mb iabcfr d` ofmbc gmy o} a

efyfdr mb ?;1?4

A< Ygf Faryg ga~ ajsa}~ offb ~volfny yd

me{any~ o} ndefy~ abi a~yfrdmi~* ajygdvcg omc

gmy~ arf pfr} rarf" Ygf ja~y omc me{any sa~ 06

emjjmdb }far~ acd* abi ygay jfi yd ygf fwymbnymdb

d` ygf imbd~avr~" Ydia} BAÂ a~yrdbdefr~ arf

narr}mbc dvy a ~vrpf} najjfi ygf ^{anfcvari

^vrpf} yd `mbi ab} jarcf bfar%Faryg a~yfrdmi~

jdbc of`drf ygf} gmy" Sf gapf ajrfai}

ifyfrembfi ygay ygfrf arf bd ygrfayfbmbc

a~yfrdmi~ a~ jarcf a~ ygf dbf ygay hmjjfi ygf

imbd~avr~" Ajj ygm~ sdrh m~ idbf d{fbj} smyg ygf

im~ndpfrmf~ {d~yfi fpfr} ia} db ygf BAÂ

BFD [rdcrae D``mnf sfo~myf* ~d }dv nab ~ff

`dr }dvr~fj` ygay bdygmbc m~ {rfimnyfi yd gmy mb

?;1?"

Q< Gds id BAÂ ~nmfbym~y~ `ffj aodvy njame~

d` {fbimbc idde~ia}4A< @dr ab} njame~ d` im~a~yfr dr iraeaymn

ngabcf~ mb ?;1?* sgfrf m~ ygf ~nmfbnf4 Sgfrf m~

ygf fpmifbnf4 Ygfrf m~ bdbf* abi `dr ajj ygf

`mnymdbaj a~~frymdb~* sgfygfr ygf} arf eaif mb

oddh~* edpmf~* idnvefbyarmf~ dr dpfr ygf

Mbyfrbfy* sf nabbdy ngabcf ygay ~me{jf àny"

Ygfrf m~ bd nrfimojf fpmifbnf `dr ab} d` ygf

a~~frymdb~ eaif mb ~v{{dry d` vbv~vaj fpfby~

yahmbc {janf mb Ifnfeofr ?;1?"

Q< M~ ygfrf a iabcfr `rde cmaby ~djar ~ydre~

{rfimnyfi `dr ?;1?4

A< ^djar anympmy} ga~ a rfcvjar n}njf* smyg {fah~

a{{rdwmeayfj} fpfr} 11 }far~" Bfar ygf~f

anympmy} {fah~* ~djar `jarf~ nab nav~f ~defmbyfrrv{ymdb d` ~ayfjjmyf ndeevbmnaymdb~*

ajygdvcg fbcmbffr~ arf jfarbmbc gds yd ovmji

fjfnyrdbmn~ ygay arf {rdyfnyfi acamb~y ed~y ~djar

~ydre~" Ovy ygfrf m~ bd ~{fnmaj rm~h a~~dnmayfi

smyg ?;1?" Ygf bfwy ~djar eawmeve smjj dnnvr

mb ygf ?;1?%?;19 ymef `raef abi m~ {rfimnyfi yd

of ab apfracf ~djar n}njf* bd im``frfby ygab

{rfpmdv~ n}njf~ ygrdvcgdvy gm~ydr}"

Ygabh ]dv BAÂ! XU

SGAY [FD[JF A_FSGAY [FD[JF A_F

YFJJMBC V^ AODVY ?;1?YFJJMBC V^ AODVY ?;1?

rl~;;;= % Lv~y jmhf ygf ]?h ~narf* ygfrf m~fbdvcg mb`dreaymdb ofgmbi ygm~ abi fbdvcg

sa}~ yd eabm{vjayf ygay mb`dreaymdb yd sgfrf

{fd{jf smjj vbidvoyfij} yahf aipabyacf d` my dr

ygfmr dsb {fr~dbaj camb~" Ygfrf#~ rfajj} bd sa}

yd of nfryamb sgay m~ cdmbc yd ga{{fb* ~d ygf

of~y ygmbc }dv nab id m~ `mbi dvy a~ evng aodvy

ygf parmdv~ {rfimnymdb~ ardvbi ygf sdrji abi

ygfmr nrfimomjmy} abi ifnmif `dr }dvr~fj` sgay

}dv ygmbh m~ cdmbc yd ga{{fb" M {fr~dbajj} idb#y

ygmbh ygf sdrji m~ cdmbc yd fbi* ovy ygfb acamb*

M ndvji of srdbc"

emngfjjf1==7? % M#e mbyfrf~yfi mb sgay

fpfr}dbf m~ ~a}mbc db ygm~ yd{mn* sfaygfr my of

~nmfbnf* ~{mrmyvaj* rfjmcmdv~ dr lv~y ~defdbf#~d{mbmdb `rde ygfmr fw{frmfbnf d` jm`f abi ygf

`far my {rdpdhf~ mb ajj sgmng m~ sg} a {dmby d`

pmfs ga~ offb fw{rf~~fi! ovy ygay m~ ajj my m~ a

{dmby d` pmfs* ab d{mbmdb a~ ygfmr m~ bd rfaj àny

yd ab}ygmbc ab}dbf ga~ ~ami* }f~ sf nab rfai

gm~ydr} oddh~ abi {rd{gfnmf~ ovy ygf rfaj yrvyg

M ofjmfpf m~ ~ymjj vbhbdsb a~ gm~ydr} m~ aj~d

srmyyfb `rde a {dmby d` pmfs abi nab of

{frnfmpfi mb im``frfby sa}~ if{fbimbc db sgd

m~ ~yvi}mbc my dr srdyf my* ygf ~aef cdf~ `dr

{rd{gfnmf~* sgay a {rd{gfy {rfimnyfi nfbyvrmf~

acd abi if{fbimbc db sgd yrab~jayfi my* a~

jabcvacf* fivnaymdb abi nvjyvrf ga~ ngabcfi

sgmng aj~d if{fbi~ db a ~mbcjf {fr~db~ jm`f

fw{frmfbnf abi hbdsjficf" M#e ab d{fb embifi

{fr~db abi ofjmfpf ab}ygmbc m~ {d~~mojf sgmng

m~ sg} ygm~ yd{mn mbyfrf~y~ ef a~ bdygmbc m~

nfryamb* ab}ygmbc ndvji dr bdy ga{{fb* m`

~defygmbc idf~ ga{{fb ygfb M smjj of ~vrf yd

srmyf aodvy my sgmng acamb smjj of smybf~~fi

`rde e} {dmby d` pmfs m` M ae ajmpf yd ~ff

ab}ygmbc sdryg srmymbc aodvy abi m ygmbh my m~

me{dryaby yd rfefeofr ygay sf jmpf mb ygf

{rf~fby ovy sf ~gdvji aj~d ygmbh aodvy ygf

`vyvrf ygdvcg M id bdy gapf ngmjirfb ovy

gd{f`vjj} M smjj dbf ia} abi M smjj saby ygfe yd

gapf jfarby o} e}$dvr em~yahf~ a~ M ae asarf

d` e} rf{faymbc {ayyfrb~ ygay ndvji gare e}

`vyvrf àemj}* o} yahmbc ~djf rf~{db~momjmy} `dre} anymdb~ abi eahmbc a ndb~nmdv~ f``dry yd

ngabcf ygfe `dr ygf ofyyfr m~ ajj M nab id ydia}*

nab }dv4

Oardbpdbra~~mjdb % Imib#y sf cd ygrdvcg ygm~

bdb~fb~f a `fs }far~ oanh najjfi ]?H44

_fefeofr* nde{vyfr~ àmjmbc* fbi d` sdrji*

ojag ojag ojag" Fbi d` ygf sdrji ga~ offb

{rfimnyfi `dr nfbyvrmf~ abi bdygmbc ga~ ga{{fi"

Cfy a jm`f {fd{jf"

Imym~emlb~{aee % ?;1?* }far sgfrf ygf ~djar

gmcg '`jarf~- smjj dnnvr* ( ygf {d~~momjmy} d` ygf

jdbc dpfrivf {djarmy} ~sa{ d` ygf eacbfymn

`mfji 5 VP odeoariefby" @mr~y ymef my#~ fpfbsdryg jddhmbc mbyd yd ~ff m` my#~ fpfb yrvf * dr

{d~~mojf `dr ygay eayyfr" Ag sfjj* {fd{jf arf yd

mcbdraby yd ~ff ygf vbmpfr~f a~ ab mb`mbmyf n}njf

ea}of * ea}of sf if~frpf ygf ea}ab~ rf~fy

ovyydb * vbymjj sf cfy my lv~y rmcgy"

^fb~ v~ ]DV_ndeefby~ yd$11$?;;= 93 [E [acf 19


15/44

A~h Ab A~yrdomdjdcm~yA~h Ab A~yrdomdjdcm~y 1616Bmomrv abi Idde~ia}Bmomrv abi Idde~ia}

?;1?< Qvf~ymdb~ abi?;1?< Qvf~ymdb~ abi

Ab~sfr~Ab~sfr~@rde BAÂ@rde BAÂ

^ydrmf~ aodvy ygf `mnymdbaj {jabfy Bmomrv

abi {rfimnymdb~ d` idde~ia} mb Ifnfeofr ?;1?

gapf ojd~~defi db ygf Mbyfrbfy" Ygfrf arf bds

'Lvbf ?;;=- edrf ygab 136 oddh~ jm~yfi db

Aea|db"nde ifajmbc smyg ygf ?;1? idde~ia}"

A~ ygm~ gdaw ~{rfai~* eab} edrf im~a~yfr

~nfbarmd~ arf ofmbc ~vccf~yfi" A~h ab

A~yrdomdjdcm~y ga~ rfnfmpfi bfarj} a ygdv~abi

qvf~ymdb~ aodvy Bmomrv abi ?;1?* smyg edrf

ygab ?;; ab~sfr~ {d~yfi" Eab} bfs qvf~ymdb~

arf ~memjar yd ygd~f ajrfai} ab~sfrfi"

@djjdsmbc m~ a jm~y d` ygf ed~y {d{vjar Ysfby}

Qvf~ymdb~ drcabm|fi mb a jdcmnaj ~vnnf~~mdb

abi ab~sfrfi mb ~def ifyamj"

1" Sgay m~ ygf drmcmb d` ygf {rfimnymdb ygay

ygf sdrji smjj fbi mb Ifnfeofr ?;1?4

Ygf ~ydr} ~yaryfi smyg njame~ ygay

Bmomrv* a ~v{{d~fi {jabfy im~ndpfrfi o} ygf

^vefrmab~* m~ gfaifi ydsari Faryg" \fngarma

^myngmb* sgd srmyf~ `mnymdb aodvy ygf abnmfby

Ef~d{dyaemab nmpmjm|aymdb d` ^vefr* njamefi mb

~fpfraj oddh~ 'f"c"* Ygf Ysfj`yg [jabfy*

{vojm~gfi mb 1=30- ygay gf ga~ `dvbi abi

yrab~jayfi ^vefrmab idnvefby~ ygay mifbym`} ygf

{jabfy Bmomrv* dromymbc ygf ^vb fpfr} >0;;}far~" Ygf~f ^vefrmab àojf~ mbnjvif ~ydrmf~ d`

abnmfby a~yrdbavy~ pm~mymbc Faryg `rde a

nmpmjm|aymdb d` ajmfb~ najjfi ygf Abvbbahm" Ygfb

Babn} Jmfifr* a ~fj`%ifnjarfi {~}ngmn sgd

njame~ ~gf m~ ngabbfjmbc ajmfb~* srdyf db gfr

sfo~myf \fyayajh ygay ygf mbgaomyaby~ d` a

`mnymdbaj {jabfy ardvbi ygf ~yar \fya _fymnvjm

sarbfi gfr ygay ygf Faryg sa~ mb iabcfr `rde

[jabfy W dr Bmomrv" Ygm~ naya~yrd{gf sa~

mbmymajj} {rfimnyfi `dr Ea} ?;;>* ovy sgfb

bdygmbc ga{{fbfi ygf idde~ia} iayf sa~

edpfi `drsari yd Ifnfeofr ?;1?" Dbj}

rfnfbyj} gapf ygf~f ysd àojf~ offb jmbhfi yd ygf

fbi d` ygf Ea}ab jdbc%ndvby ay ygf smbyfr

~dj~ymnf mb ?;1? gfbnf ygf {rfimnyfi idde~ia}iayf d` Ifnfeofr ?1* ?;1?"

?" Ygf ^vefrmab~ sfrf ygf `mr~y crfay

nmpmjm|aymdb* abi ygf} eaif eab} annvrayf

a~yrdbdemnaj {rfimnymdb~* mbnjvimbc ygf

fwm~yfbnf d` ygf {jabfy~ Vrabv~* Bf{yvbf abi

[jvyd" ^d sg} ~gdvji sf bdy ofjmfpf ygfmr

{rfimnymdb~ aodvy Bmomrv4

Bmomrv m~ a baef mb Oao}jdbmab

a~yrdjdc} ~defymef~ a~~dnmayfi smyg ygf cdi

Earivh" Bmomrv a{{far~ a~ a embdr ngaranyfr mb

ygf Oao}jdbmab nrfaymdb {dfe Fbvea Fjm~g a~

rfndrifi mb ygf jmorar} d` A~~vroabm{aj* Hmbc d`

A~~}rma '007%0?3 ONF-" ^vefr `jdvrm~gfi

evng farjmfr* `rde aodvy ygf ?>ri nfbyvr} yd ygf

13yg nfbyvr} ONF" Ygf njame~ ygay Bmomrv m~ a

{jabfy abi sa~ hbdsb yd ygf ^vefrmab~ arf

ndbyraimnyfi o} ~ngdjar~ sgd 'vbjmhf \fngarma

^myngmb- ~yvi} abi yrab~jayf ygf srmyyfb rfndri~

d` abnmfby Ef~d{dyaema" ^vefr sa~ mbiffi a

crfay nmpmjm|aymdb* me{dryaby `dr ygf

ifpfjd{efby d` acrmnvjyvrf* sayfr eabacfefby*

vroab jm`f* abi f~{fnmajj} srmymbc" Gdsfpfr*

ygf} jf`y pfr} `fs rfndri~ ifajmbc smyg

a~yrdbde}" Nfryambj} ygf} imi bdy hbds aodvy

ygf fwm~yfbnf d` Vrabv~* Bf{yvbf dr [jvyd" Ygf}

aj~d gai bd vbifr~yabimbc ygay ygf {jabfy~

dromyfi ygf ^vb* ab mifa ygay `mr~y ifpfjd{fi mb

abnmfby Crffnf ysd emjjfbbma a`yfr ygf fbi d`

^vefr" Njame~ ygay ^vefrmab~ gai a~d{gm~ymnayfi a~yrdbde}* dr ygay ygf} fpfb gai a

cdi baefi Bmomrv* arf ygf {rdivny d` ^myngmb~

meacmbaymdb"

>" Gds nab }dv ifb} ygf fwm~yfbnf d` Bmomrv

sgfb BAÂ im~ndpfrfi my mb 1=7> abi ygf

~ydr} a{{farfi mb jfaimbc bfs~{a{fr~4 Ay

ygay ymef }dv najjfi my [jabfy W* abi jayfr my

sa~ baefi Wfba dr Frm~"

M_A^ 'ygf BAÂ Mb`rarfi A~yrdbde}

âyfjjmyf* sgmng narrmfi dvy a ~h} ~vrpf} `dr 1;

edbyg~ mb 1=7>- im~ndpfrfi eab} mb`rarfi

~dvrnf~* ovy bdbf d` ygfe sa~ Bmomrv dr [jabfy

W dr ab} dygfr dolfny~ mb ygf dvyfr ~djar ~}~yfe"

Ygfrf m~ a cddi im~nv~~mdb `rde Najyfng yd of`dvbi ay

'~{mifr"m{an"najyfng"fiv$~ya``$yngf~yfr$mra~$bdTyf

bygT{jabfyT}fy"gyej-" Ormf`j}* M_A^ nayajdcfi

>6;*;;; mb`rarfi ~dvrnf~* abi mbmymajj} eab} d`

ygf~f ~dvrnf~ sfrf vbmifbym`mfi 'sgmng sa~ ygf

{dmby* d` ndvr~f* d` eahmbc ~vng a ~vrpf}-" Ajj

d` ygf~f do~frpaymdb~ gapf offb `djjdsfi v{ o}

~vo~fqvfby ~yvimf~ smyg edrf {dsfr`vj

mb~yrvefby~ odyg db ygf crdvbi abi mb ~{anf"

Ygf rvedr aodvy a yfbyg {jabfy frv{yfi mb

1=79 a`yfr a ~nmfbym`mn {a{fr sa~ {vojm~gfi mb

A~yrd{g}~mnaj Ldvrbaj Jfyyfr~ ymyjfi

Vbmifbym`mfi {dmby ~dvrnf~ mb ygf M_A^

embm~vrpf}* sgmng im~nv~~fi ~fpfraj mb`rarfi

~dvrnf~ smyg bd ndvbyfr{ary~" Ovy ygf~fe}~yfr} dolfny~ sfrf ~vo~fqvfbyj} `dvbi yd

of im~yaby cajawmf~ 'fwnf{y dbf* sgmng sa~ a

sm~{ d` mb`rarfi nmrrv~-* a~ {vojm~gfi mb 1=73"

Bd M_A^ ~dvrnf ga~ fpfr yvrbfi dvy yd of a

{jabfy" A cddi im~nv~~mdb d` ygm~ sgdjf m~~vf m~

yd of `dvbi db [gmj [jamy~ sfo~myf

'sss"oaia~yrdbde}"nde$oai$em~n${jabfyw$~nm

fbnf"gyej.mra~-" Ygf odyyde jmbf m~ ygay Bmomrv

m~ a e}yg* smyg bd oa~m~ mb àny" Yd ab

a~yrdbdefr* {fr~m~yfby njame~ aodvy a {jabfy ygay

m~ bfaro} ovy mbpm~mojf arf lv~y {jamb ~mjj}"

9" Ea}of sf ~gdvji of a~hmbc aodvy [jabfy W

dr Frm~* bdy Bmomrv" Sg} idf~ BAÂ hff{~fnrfy ygf dromy d` Frm~4

[jabfy W m~ ab dw}edrdb sgfb

a{{jmfi yd a rfaj dolfny" Ygf yfre ga~ offb v~fi

o} a~yrdbdefr~ dpfr ygf {a~y nfbyvr} `dr a

{d~~mojf dr ~v~{fnyfi dolfny" Dbnf ygf dolfny m~

`dvbi* my m~ cmpfb a rfaj baef* a~ sa~ idbf smyg

[jvyd abi Frm~* odyg d` sgmng sfrf ay ~def ymef

rf`frrfi yd a~ [jabfy W" M` a bfs dolfny yvrb~ dvy

yd of bdy rfaj* dr bdy a {jabfy* ygfb }dv sdby

gfar aodvy my acamb" M` my m~ rfaj* my m~ bdy najjfi

[jabfy W"

Frm~ m~ dbf d` ~fpfraj isar` {jabfy~

rfnfbyj} `dvbi o} a~yrdbdefr~ mb ygf dvyfr ~djar

~}~yfe* ajj d` ygfe db bdreaj dromy~ ygay smjj

bfpfr ormbc ygfe bfar Faryg" Jmhf [jvyd* Frm~ m~~eajjfr ygab dvr Eddb" My m~ pfr} àr asa}* abi

my~ dromy bfpfr ormbc~ my njd~fr ygab aodvy 9

omjjmdb emjf~" Ygfrf m~ bd ~fnrfy aodvy Frm~ abi

my~ dromy* a~ }dv nab fa~mj} pfrm`} o} cddcjmbc my

dr jddhmbc my v{ mb Smhm{fima"

6" Id }dv ifb} ygay BAÂ ovmjy a ^dvyg [djf

Yfjf~nd{f '^[Y- yd yranh Bmomrv4 Sg} fj~f

sdvji ygf} ovmji a yfjf~nd{f ay ygf ^dvyg

[djf4

Ygfrf m~ a yfjf~nd{f ay ygf ^dvyg [djf*

ovy my sa~ bdy ovmjy o} BAÂ abi bdy v~fi yd

~yvi} Bmomrv" Ygf ^dvyg [djf Yfjf~nd{f sa~

~v{{dryfi o} ygf Baymdbaj ^nmfbnf @dvbiaymdb*

abi my m~ a raimd yfjf~nd{f* bdy ab d{ymnajmb~yrvefby" My nabbdy yahf meacf~ dr {gdyd~" ]dv

nab jddh my v{ db Smhm{fima" Ygf Abyarnymn m~ a

crfay {janf `dr a~yrdbdemnaj mb`rarfi abi ~gdry%

sapf%raimd do~frpaymdb~* abi my aj~d ga~ ygf

aipabyacf ygay dolfny~ nab of do~frpfi

ndbymbvdv~j} smygdvy ygf mbyfr`frfbnf d` ygf

ia}%bmcgy n}njf"

M ~gdvji aii ygay my m~ me{d~~mojf yd

meacmbf a cfdefyr} mb sgmng ab dolfny nab of

~ffb dbj} `rde ygf ^dvyg [djf" Fpfb m` my sfrf

ivf ~dvyg d` ygf Faryg* my ndvji of ~ffb `rde ygf

fbymrf ~dvygfrb gfem~{gfrf"

0" Ygfrf arf eab} {gdyd~ abi pmifd~ d`

Bmomrv db ygf Mbyfrbfy" M~by ygay {rdd` ygay myfwm~y~4

Ygf crfay ealdrmy} d` ygf {gdyd~ abi

pmifd~ db ygf Mbyfrbfy arf d` ~def `fayvrf bfar

ygf ^vb 'a{{arfbyj} ~v{{drymbc ygf njame ygay

Bmomrv ga~ offb gmimbc ofgmbi ygf ^vb `dr ygf

{a~y ~fpfraj }far~"- Ygf~f arf anyvajj} àj~f

meacf~ d` ygf ^vb nav~fi o} mbyfrbaj rf`jfnymdb~

mb ygf jfb~* d`yfb najjfi jfb~ `jarf" ]dv nab

mifbym`} ygfe fa~mj} o} ygf àny ygay ygf} a{{far

imaefyrmnajj} d{{d~myf ygf rfaj ~djar meacf* a~ m`

rf`jfnyfi anrd~~ ygf nfbyfr d` ygf meacf" Ygm~ m~

f~{fnmajj} dopmdv~ mb pmifd~* sgfrf a~ ygf

naefra edpf~* ygf àj~f meacf iabnf~ aodvy

ajsa}~ fwanyj} d{{d~myf ygf rfaj meacf" ^memjar

jfb~ `jarf m~ a ~dvrnf d` eab} V@D {gdyd~ yahfbay bmcgy smyg ~yrdbc jmcgy ~dvrnf~ ~vng a~

~yrffyjmcgy~ mb ygf `raef" M ae ~vr{rm~fi ygay

{fd{jf idby rfndcbm|f ygm~ ndeedb {gdyd

arymàny" M ae aj~d aea|fi ygay ygf~f {gdyd~

~gdsmbc ~defygmbc bfarj} a~ jarcf abi ormcgy a~

ygf ^vb 'a ~fndbi ~vb- arf annf{yfi ydcfygfr

smyg njame~ eaif db ~def d` ygf ~aef sfo~myf~

ygay Bmomrv m~ ydd àmby yd of ~ffb dr

{gdydcra{gfi fwnf{y smyg jarcf yfjf~nd{f~"

Dbf smifj} rf{dryfi yfjf~nd{mn {gdyd

'sss"crfayirfae~"nde$bmomrv%{d~~mojf"l{c-

~gds~ ysd pmfs~ d` ab fw{abimbc ca~ njdvi àr

of}dbi ygf ~djar ~}~yfe* sgmng m~ bdy edpmbc8

}dv nab ~ff ygm~ `rde ygf àny ygay ygf ~yar~ arfygf ~aef mb odyg {mnyvrf~" A ~gar{%f}fi rfaifr

d` ygm~ sfo~myf mifbym`mfi ygf~f {gdyd~ a~ a ca~

~gfjj ardvbi ygf ~yar P7>7 Edb" Smhm{fima ga~

a bmnf srmyf%v{ abi a ofavym`vj {gdyd d` my `rde

Gvoojf" Abdygfr gmcg ~ngddj ~yvifby sa~

mbmymajj} me{rf~~fi o} {d~yfi meacf~ d` a rfi

ojdo ygay sfrf ~ami yd of d` Bmomrv" Ygfb gf

sdrhfi dvy mb gm~ [gdyd~gd{ nja~~ gds yd eahf

lv~y ~vng {mnyvrf~ ~yarymbc `rde ~nrayng"

Dbf pmifd {d~yfi mb ~veefr ?;;7 db ]dvyvof

'sss"}dvyvof"nde$sayng4p5qIHyhSMw;;A-

~gds~ a cv} ~yabimbc mb gm~ hmyngfb njamembc

ygay dbf d` ygf dolfny~ im~ndpfrfi o} a BAÂ w%

ra} yfjf~nd{f m~ Bmomrv" Sgay m~ gm~ fpmifbnf4

Ygay ~mbnf ygm~ àj~f%ndjdr w%ra} meacf rfjfa~fio} BAÂ m~ ojvf* ygm~ ev~y rfajj} of a bfaro}

{jabfy smyg ab dnfab" Ygm~ sdvji of gmjarmdv~ m`

my sfrf bdy v~fi yd `rmcgyfb {fd{jf"

'Ndbymbvfi db [acf 10-

s s s " w | d b f w e a ~ j m ~ y " n d e





16/44

A~h Ab A~yrdomdjdcm~yA~h Ab A~yrdomdjdcm~y1010Bmomrv abi Idde~ia}Bmomrv abi Idde~ia}

?;1?< Qvf~ymdb~ abi?;1?< Qvf~ymdb~ abi

Ab~sfr~Ab~sfr~Ndbymbvfi `rde [acf 16Ndbymbvfi `rde [acf 16

3" Nab }dv fw{jamb ygf àny ygay ygf arfa ay

'6g 6>e ?3~* %0 1; 67- ga~ offb ojanhfbfi

dvy mb Cddcjf ^h} abi Emnrd~d`y Yfjf~nd{f4

[fd{jf ~vccf~y ygay ygf~f gapf offb

ojanhfbfi dvy ofnav~f ygd~f arf ygf nd%

drimbayf~ sgfrf Bmomrv m~ jdnayfi ay {rf~fby"

^fpfraj {fd{jf gapf a~hfi ef aodvy ygm~

ojabh rfnyabcjf mb Drmdb mb Cddcjf ^h}* sgmng

m~ a {rf~fbyaymdb d` meacf~ `rde ygf ^jdab

Imcmyaj ^vrpf}" Ygm~ naby of a gmimbc {janf

`dr Bmomrv* ~mbnf my m~ a {ary d` ygf ~h} ygay ndvji

of ~ffb `rde ajed~y fpfr}sgfrf db ygf Faryg mb

ygf smbyfr d` ?;;3%;7 sgfb evng d` ygf yajh

aodvy Bmomrv ofcab" Ygay sdvji ndbyraimny ygf

njame~ ygay Bmomrv sa~ gmimbc ofgmbi ygf ^vb dr

ygay my ndvji of ~ffb dbj} `rde ygf ~dvygfrb

gfem~{gfrf" Ovy M ydd sa~ nvrmdv~ aodvy ygm~

ojabh rfnyabcjf* ~d M a~hfi a `rmfbi sgd m~ a

~fbmdr ~nmfbym~y ay Cddcjf" Gf rf{jmfi ygay gf

`dvbi dvy ygay ygf em~~mbc iaya m~ ivf yd a

{rdnf~~mbc frrdr mb ygf meacf ~ymyngmbc {rdcrae

sf v~f yd im~{ja} ygf ^jdab ~vrpf} meacf~" Ygf

yfae a~~vrf~ ef ygay mb ygf bfwy rvb ygrdvcg*

ygm~ smjj of `mwfi!

7" M` ygf cdpfrbefby hbfs aodvy Bmomrv*sdvjiby ygf} hff{ my a ~fnrfy yd apdmi {abmn4

M~by my ygf cdpfrbefby~ ldo yd hff{ ygf

{d{vjaymdb ay fa~f4

Ygfrf arf eab} dolfnympf~ d`

cdpfrbefby* ovy ygf} id bdy mbnjvif hff{mbc ygf

{d{vjaymdb ay fa~f" E} fw{fr mfbnf m~ ygay

~defymef~ {ary~ d` ygf cdpfrbefby id lv~y ygf

d{{d~myf* a~ mb ygf `rfqvfby rf`frfbnf~ yd parmdv~

yfrrdrm~y ygrfay~ dr sarbmbc~ aodvy irmpmbc

annmifby~ db jdbc gdjmia} sffhfbi~* sgmng arf

bd edrf iabcfrdv~ ygab ab} dygfr ymef" Ygfrf m~

a jdbc gm~ydr} d` a~~dnmaymbc oai ygmbc~ smyg

{djmymnaj d{{dbfby~ 'djifr rfaifr~ smjj

rfefeofr ygf em~~mjf ca{ mb ygf 1=0;

fjfnymdb* }dvbcfr dbf~ smjj bdyf ygf eab}nvrrfby rf`frfbnf~ yd sgd m~ dr m~ bdy hff{mbc

ygf V"^" ~a`f `rde yfrrdrm~y~-" @vrygfr* ~dnmaj

~nmfbym~y~ gapf {dmbyfi dvy ygay eab} d` dvr

ndbnf{y~ d` {vojmn {abmn arf ygf {rdivny d`

Gdjj}sddi* sgmjf mb ygf rfaj sdrji {fd{jf gapf

a cddi rfndri d` gfj{mbc fang dygfr mb a ymef d`

iabcfr" M ygmbh fpfr}dbf aj~d rfndcbm|f~ ygay

hff{mbc oai bfs~ ~fnrfy v~vajj} oanh`mrf~*

eahmbc ygf m~~vf fpfb sdr~f sgfb ygf àny~

`mbajj} ndef dvy" Abi mb ygf na~f d` Bmomrv*

ygf~f àny~ sdvji ndef dvy pfr} ~ddb mbiffi"

Fpfb m` ygf} sabyfi yd* ygf cdpfrbefby

ndvji bdy hff{ Bmomrv a ~fnrfy" M` my sfrf rfaj* my

sdvji of yranhfi o} ygdv~abi~ d` a~yrdbdefr~*

aeayfvr~ a~ sfjj a {rd`f~~mdbaj" Ygf~f

a~yrdbdefr~ arf ~{rfai ajj dpfr ygf sdrji" M

hbds ygf a~yrdbde} ndeevbmy}* abi ygf~f

~nmfbym~y~ sdvji bdy hff{ a ~fnrfy fpfb m`

drifrfi yd" ]dv lv~y naby gmif a {jabfy db my~

sa} yd ygf mbbfr ~djar ~}~yfe!

=" Sg} idf~ ygf Ea}ab najfbiar ~a} ygf

sdrji smjj fbi mb ?;1?4 M gapf gfari ygay

ygf} gapf offb {rfyy} annvrayf mb ygf {a~y

smyg dygfr {jabfyar} {rfimnymdb~" Gds nab

}dv of ~vrf }dv hbds edrf ygab ygf} imi4

Najfbiar~ fwm~y `dr hff{mbc yranh d` ygf

{a~~acf d` ymef* bdy `dr {rfimnymbc ygf `vyvrf"

Ygf Ea}ab a~yrdbdefr~ sfrf njfpfr* abi ygf}

ifpfjd{fi a pfr} nde{jfw najfbiar" Abnmfbynajfbiar~ arf mbyfrf~ymbc yd gm~ydrmab~* ovy d`

ygf} nabbdy eayng ygf aomjmy} sf gapf ydia} yd

hff{ yranh d` ymef* dr ygf {rfnm~mdb d` ygf

najfbiar~ nvrrfbyj} mb v~f" Ygf eamb {dmby*

gdsfpfr* m~ ygay najfbiar~* sgfygfr

ndbyfe{drar} dr abnmfby* nabbdy {rfimny ygf

`vyvrf d` dvr {jabfy dr sarb d` ygmbc~ yd ga{{fb

db a ~{fnm`mn iayf ~vng a~ ?;1?"

M bdyf ygay e} if~h najfbiar fbi~ evng

~ddbfr* db Ifnfeofr >1 ?;;=* ovy M id bdy

mbyfr{rfy ygm~ a~ a {rfimnymdb d` Areacfiidb" My

m~ lv~y ygf ofcmbbmbc d` a bfs }far"

1;" Sgay m~ ygf {djar ~gm`y ygfdr}4 M~ my yrvf

ygay ygf faryg~ nrv~y idf~ a 17;%ifcrffrdyaymdb ardvbi ygf ndrf mb a eayyfr d` ia}~

m` bdy gdvr~4 Idf~ ygm~ gapf ~defygmbc yd id

yd id smyg dvr ~djar ~}~yfe im{{mbc ofbfayg

ygf cajanymn fqvaydr4

A rfpfr~aj mb ygf rdyaymdb d` Faryg m~

me{d~~mojf" My ga~ bfpfr ga{{fbfi abi bfpfr

smjj" Ygfrf arf ~jds edpfefby~ d` ygf

ndbymbfby~ '`dr fwae{jf Abyarnymna sa~ bfar ygf

fqvaydr gvbirfi~ d` emjjmdb~ d` }far~ acd-* ovy

ygay m~ mrrfjfpaby yd njame~ d` rfpfr~aj d` ygf

rdyaymdbaj {djf~" Gdsfpfr* eab} d` ygf im~a~yfr

sfo~myf~ {vjj a oamy%abi%~gm`y yd `ddj {fd{jf"

Ygf} njame a rfjaymdb~gm{ ofysffb ygf rdyaymdb

abi ygf eacbfymn {djarmy} d` Faryg* sgmng idf~

ngabcf mrrfcvjarj} smyg a eacbfymn rfpfr~aj

yahmbc {janf fpfr} 9;;*;;; }far~ db apfracf" A~

àr a~ sf hbds* ~vng a eacbfymn rfpfr~aj

idf~by nav~f ab} gare yd jm`f db Faryg" A

eacbfymn rfpfr~aj m~ pfr} vbjmhfj} yd ga{{fb mb

ygf bfwy `fs emjjfbbma* ab}sa}" Ovy ygf} àj~fj}

njame ygay a eacbfymn rfpfr~aj m~ ndembc ~ddb

'mb ?;1?- abi ygay ygm~ m~ ygf ~aef a~* dr smjj

yrmccfr* a rfpfr~aj d` rdyaymdbaj {djf~" Ygf

odyyde jmbf m~< 'a- _dyaymdb imrfnymdb abi

eacbfymn {djarmy} arf bdy rfjayfi" 'o- Ygfrf m~ bd

rfa~db yd fw{fny a rfpfr~aj d` eacbfymn {djarmy}

ab} ymef ~ddb* dr yd abymnm{ayf ab} oai f``fny~

db jm`f sgfb my idf~ fpfbyvajj} ga{{fb" A

~viifb ~gm`y mb rdyaymdbaj {djf smyg im~a~yrdv~ndb~fqvfbnf~ m~ me{d~~mojf" Aj~d* bdbf d` ygm~

ga~ ab}ygmbc yd id smyg ygf cajanymn fqvaydr dr

ab} d` ygf dygfr bdb~fb~f aodvy ajmcbefby~ ygay

a{{far~ db eab} d` ygf ndb~{mran} ygfdr}

sfo~myf~"

11" Sgfb ed~y d` ygf {jabfy~ ajmcb mb ?;1?

abi {jabfy Faryg m~ mb ygf nfbyfr d` ygf Emjh}

Sa}* sgay smjj ygf f``fny~ d` ygm~ of db {jabfy

Faryg4 Ndvji my nav~f a {djf ~gm`y* abi m` ~d

sgay ndvji sf fw{fny4

Ygfrf m~ bd {jabfy ajmcbefby mb ?;1? dr

ab} dygfr ymef mb ygf bfwy ~fpfraj ifnaif~" A~ yd

ygf Faryg ofmbc mb ygf nfbyfr d` ygf Emjh} Sa}*

M idby hbds sgay ygm~ {gra~f efab~" M` }dv arfrf`frrmbc yd ygf Emjh} Sa} Cajaw}* sf arf

raygfr àr ydsari ygf ficf d` ygm~ ~{mraj cajaw}*

~def >;*;;; jmcgy }far~ `rde ygf nfbyfr" Sf

nmrnjf ygf cajanymn nfbyfr mb a {frmdi d` ??6%?6;

emjjmdb }far~* ajsa}~ hff{mbc a{{rdwmeayfj}

ygf ~aef im~yabnf" Ndbnfrbmbc a {djf ~gm`y* M

aj~d idby hbds sgay ygm~ efab~" M` my efab~

~def ~viifb ngabcf mb ygf {d~mymdb d` ygf {djf

'ygay m~* ygf rdyaymdb awm~ d` ygf Faryg-* ygfb ygay

m~ me{d~~mojf* a~ bdyfi mb ygf ab~sfr yd

Qvf~ymdb 1;" Sgay eab} sfo~myf~ id im~nv~~ m~

ygf ajmcbefby d` ygf Faryg abi ^vb smyg ygf

nfbyfr d` ygf Emjh} Sa} mb ygf ndb~yfjjaymdb d`

âcmyyarmv~" Ygm~ ga{{fb~ fpfr} Ifnfeofr* smyg

bd oai ndb~fqvfbnf~* abi ygfrf m~ bd rfa~db ydfw{fny ?;1? yd of im``frfby `rde ab} dygfr }far"

1?" Sgfb ygf ~vb abi ygf Faryg jmbf v{ db

ygf cajanymn {jabf ay ygf ~aef ymef smyg ygf

ojanh sgdjf ofmbc mb ygf nfbyfr ndvjiby ygay

nav~f ~defygmbc yd ga{{fb* ivf yd ygf àny

ygay ygf ojanh gdjf ga~ ~vng a ~yrdbc

crapmyaymdbaj {vjj"

Ygfrf m~ a cmaby ojanh gdjf mb ygf nfbyfr

d` dvr Emjh} Sa} cajaw}* abi jmhf ab}

ndbnfbyraymdb d` ea~~ my fwfry~ crapmyaymdbaj

`drnf db ygf rf~y d` ygf Cajaw}" Gdsfpfr* ygf

cajanymn nfbyfr m~ pfr} àr asa}* a{{rdwmeayfj}

>;*;;; jmcgy }far~* ~d my ga~ bfcjmcmojf f``fny~ db

ygf ~djar ~}~yfe dr ygf Faryg" Ygfrf arf bd~{fnmaj `drnf~ `rde ygf cajanymn {jabf dr ygf

cajanymn nfbyfr" Ygf dbj} me{dryaby `drnf ygay

any~ db ygf Faryg m~ ygf crapmyaymdb d` ygf ^vb

abi Eddb" A~ àr a~ ygf mb`jvfbnf d` ygf cajanymn

{jabf* ygfrf m~ bdygmbc ~{fnmaj aodvy ygm~

jdnaymdb" Ygf ja~y ymef ygf Faryg sa~ mb ygf

cajanymn {jabf sa~ ~fpfraj emjjmdb }far~ acd"

Njame~ ygay sf arf aodvy yd nrd~~ ygf cajanymn

{jabf arf vbyrvf"

1>" M ae ~narfi aodvy ygf àny ygay ygf Faryg

smjj fbyfr ygf Iarh _m`y mb ygf Emjh} Sa}"

Sgay smjj ygm~ id4 Smjj ygf Faryg of

~sajjdsfi v{4

Ygf iarh rm`y m~ a {d{vjar baef `dr ygf

ordai abi im``v~f iv~y njdvi~ mb ygf mbbfr are d`

ygf Emjh} Sa} Cajaw}* sgmng ojdnh dvr pmfs d`

ygf cajanymn nfbyfr" Ygf fbymrf cajanymn

ajmcbefby ~narf m~ {rfyy} nra|}" Jayf mb

Ifnfeofr ygf ^vb m~ ajsa}~ a{{rdwmeayfj} mb

ygf imrfnymdb d` ygf nfbyfr d` ygf Cajaw} a~ ~ffb

`rde ygf Faryg* ovy ~d sgay4 A{{arfbyj} ygf

ndb%efb sgd arf yr}mbc yd ~narf }dv gapf

ifnmifi yd v~f ygf~f efabmbcjf~~ {gra~f~ aodvy

ajmcbefby~ abi ygf iarh rm`y abi {gdydb

ofjy {rfnm~fj} ofnav~f ygf} arf bdy vbifr~yddi

o} ygf {vojmn" My m~ ydd oai* ovy ygfrf m~ bd jas

acamb~y j}mbc db ygf Mbyfrbfy dr ab}sgfrf fj~f

fwnf{y mb a ndvry d` jas" A~ àr a~ ygf ~a`fy} d`ygf Faryg m~ ndbnfrbfi* ygf me{dryaby ygrfay~ arf

`rde cjdoaj sarembc abi jd~~ d` omdjdcmnaj

impfr~my}* abi {frga{~ ~defia} `rde ndjjm~mdb

smyg ab a~yfrdmi dr ndefy* bdy ygf

{~fvid~nmfbym`mn njame~ aodvy ?;1?"

'Ndbymbvfi db [acf 13-

YGF W \DBF _AIMD ^GDS

smyg _do EnNdbbfjj

Edbia} % @rmia}

1; {e % ? ae Fa~yfrb

db ygf Yajh yar _aimd Bfysdrh dr

the 'x' chronicles newspaper - november 2009

Documents