the present tense of –ar, -er, and –ir verbs that have stem changes lección 4
TRANSCRIPT
The present tense of –ar, -er, and –ir verbs that have stem changes
Lección 4
What are stem-changing verbs?• You have learned to conjugate regular –ar,-er, and –ir verbs in the present
tense by dropping the infinitive ending and adding the present tense endings to agree with the subject.
• Stem changing verbs are verbs that conjugate the endings the same way as regular verbs, but get letter changes in the stem in all persons except “nosotros” and “vosotros.” They are often referred to as boot verbs because a present tense stem-changing verb conjugation resembles a boot when a line is drawn around the forms with stem changes.
• The change occurs in the syllable directly before the verb ending:
– e changes to ie (-ar, -er, -ir verbs)– o changes to ue (-ar, -er, -ir verbs)– e changes to i ( only –ir verbs)
Boot verbs (e→ie) Example: querer = to want
Common e→ ie verbs p. 115-116
-ar -er -ircerrar entender preferircomenzar perderempezar quererpensar
o→ue Example: poder = to be able to/ (can/may)
Common o→ ue verbs p. 115-116* (not in text)
-ar -er -iralmorzar poder dormircontar volver morir *encontrar devolver *mostrar
Special u→ ue verbjugar = to play (a sport or game)
jugar + a + (el/los/la/las) + sport or game
e → i verbExample: pedir = to ask for; to request
• The only verbs that have an e to i change are some verbs that end in –ir. The –ar and –er verbs do not make this change.
pedimos
pedís
pido
pides
pidepiden
Common e→ i verbs p. 119* not in text
Only –ir verbs make this change such as:
pedirrepetir servir *
Common e→ i verbs with an additional spelling change in the “yo” form p. 119
Yo form (irregular spelling changes):decir dico → (digo)seguir siguo → (sigo) conseguir consiguo → (consigo)
A Uds. les toca…
Los verbos e→ ieYo _________________ la puerta. cerrarTú _________________ a estudiar. comenzarUd. ________________ la tarea. empezar
Los verbos e→ ie
Él no_________________en la clase de español. entender
Ella _________________ en los chicos. pensar
Nosotros ________________el libro de texto. perderUds. ________________dinero. querer
Los verbos e→ ie
Ellos_________________descansar los domingos. preferirEllas no_________________el autobús. perderJuan y yo ________________estudiar. pensarLos estudiantes ________________trabajar. querer
Los verbos o→ ueYo _________________ en la cafetería. almorzarTú _________________ tus libros en la mochila. encontrarUd. ________________ el mapa. mostrar
Los verbos o→ ue
Él _________________bailar muy bien. poder
Ella _________________ el libro. devolver
Nosotros no________________en la clase. dormir
Los hombres __________________ en la guerra. morir
Jugar : The special verb that changes u→ ue
Él _________________al baloncesto. jugar
Uds. _________________ a los videojuegos. jugar
Nosotros ________________al fútbol en el estadio. jugar
Yo __________________ en el parque. jugar
Los verbos e→ i
Él _________________en la cafetería. servir
Yo_________________ dinero. pedir
Nosotros _______________en la clase de español. repetir
Los estudiantes __________________ permiso. pedir
Los verbos e→ i
Tú no _________________en casa. servir
Uds._________________ mucho. pedir
Yo_______________las palabras. repetir
Ella __________________ en el restaurante. servir
Los verbos e→ i con cambios en el “yo”
Yo _________________ la verdad. decirTú _________________las instrucciones. seguirUd. ________________ una beca. conseguir
Los verbos e→ i con cambios en el “yo”
Ellos _________________ que no. decirYo_________________las instrucciones. seguirYo ________________ una beca. conseguir
Lo más difícil…What is most difficult…
• Conjugating stem-changing verbs is easy when you know which verbs get which changes. Just follow the “boot.”
• The most difficult part about learning stem-changing verbs is knowing which verbs get what changes.
• It is also important to know verb meanings from English to Spanish and from Spanish to English.
24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards
English Side 1
to want
Spanish Side 2
toto closecerrar ( e→ ie)
24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards
English Side 1
to want
Spanish Side 2
toto return (to go back)
volver ( o→ ue)
24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards
English Side 1
to want
Spanish Side 2
toto ask for; request
pedir ( e→ i)
24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards
English Side 1
to want
Spanish Side 2
toto play (a sport or game)
jugar ( u→ ue)
jugar+ a+ (el/los/la/las)+ sport
24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards
English Side 1
to want
Spanish Side 2
toto wantto want to
querer ( e→ ie)
querer + noun querer + infinitive
24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards
English Side 1
to want
Spanish Side 2
toto beginto begin to
empezar ( e→ ie)
empezar + noun empezar a + infinitive
24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards
English Side 1
to want
Spanish Side 2
to
to thinkto think ofto think aboutto plan to
pensar ( e→ ie)pensar + de
pensar + en pensar + infinitive