the madras standard for literacy · atom alkali iron distil ... the madras standard . correction...

MADRAS COLLEGE

The Madras Standard

for

Literacy

These are some symbols you may find on work that ha s been corrected by your teachers.

�� Well done S New sentence needed/sentence

error Sp Spelling error C Capital letter required P Punctuation NP or // New paragraph needed T Incorrect tense BW or exp Better wording needed/poor

style/clumsy WW Wrong word(s) used ? This part is unclear ^̂̂̂ There is a word missing

THE MADRAS STANDARD

What can I do when I don’t know the meaning of a word?

Step 1 Read the sentences around the word to see if there are clues to its meaning .

Step 2 See if I can spot parts of the word I already know, fo r

example, re/advert/ ise photo /synthesis to help me work out the meaning.

Step 3 Read the sentences around the word again . Step 4 Ask someone to explain.

What my teacher will do to help me understand and learn new words.

• Prompt me when I am going to meet a new, useful word. • Make connections with words I already know by giving

examples. • Use new words regularly so I hear them used in context. • Use visuals to help me remember new words. • Encourage me to use the new words (vocabulary) when

talking and when writing. • Give me lots of opportunities to explore the meanings of new

words.

THE MADRAS STANDARD

To / Too

I’m going to the cinema. I’m coming too !

They’re / Their / There

They’re playing with their ball over there .

Here / Hear

It is noisy here. I can hear a lot of traffic.

Quiet / Quite

She is a very quiet speaker. It is quite hard to hear what she says.

Where / Were

Where are you going? We were just going for a picnic.

And remember:

CORRECT – could have / should have / would have

NEVER – could of / should of / would of

(the place) (also)

(they are) (belonging to them) (the place)

(the place) (one of the 5 senses)

(opposite of noisy) (a little bit)

(what place?) (verb - to be: I was/we were)

THE MADRAS STANDARD

Whether / Weather

He wants to know whether the weather will be good tomorrow.

Of / Off

The members of the football team took off their boots.

Our / Are

Our dogs are going for a walk.

Who’s / Whose

Who’s the person whose jacket is hanging up?

Wonder / Wander

He looked in wonder at the views as he took a wander up the hill.

It’s / Its

It’s that cat that hurt its paw

And remember:

CORRECT – could have / should have / would have

NEVER – could of / should of / would of

if (rain, sun, etc . . . )

(belonging to us) (verb – to be)

(short for ‘who is’) (belonging to who)

(walk) (amazement)

THE MADRAS STANDARD

SUBJECT SPECIFIC KEYWORDS

BIOLOGY

yeast valve reflex mucus

breath atrium motor heart

lungs artery species muscle

nerves ventricle fatigue lactose

socket vein kidney skeleton

joints insulin aerobic habitat

organisms yoghurt sewage chlorophyll

cartilage sexual bacteria hormone

stomata antibiotic urine intestine

synovial fertilisation digestion chromosome

BUSINESS STUDIES

manager appointment current businesses

secretary interview assessment liability

receptionist reference commercial maintenance

assistant absence commitment equipped

personnel adequately sincerely summary

receipt revenue creditor received

catalogue interest debtor dividend

calendar cheque capital monetary

memorandum expense principal enterprise

facsimile financially mortgage entrepreneur

CHEMISTRY

zinc crude cell acid atom alkali iron distil

liquid fuel lead dilute

metal silver bubbles copper

starch dioxide soluble petrol

degree oxide ferment water

filter nitrate ethane atomic

fossil neutral sodium sulphur

react nitric glucose distillation

alcohol polymer solvent thermometer

CLASSICAL STUDIES

immortal Titans Olympics Athenian

goddesses Cyclops marathon Parthenon

chaos Argonauts athletes Acropolis

heroes Odysseus pentathlon worshipper

heroic Odyssey Grecian sanctuary

empire legionary colonnade Colosseum

emperor auxiliary atrium amphitheatre

imperial centurion mosaic gladiator

Caesar cavalry terracotta charioteer

triumph barbarian mediterranean stadium

CRAFT AND DESIGN

brief ergonomics shaping annealing

solution anthropometrics forging knurling

modification aesthetics modelling thermosetting

dimension pictorial assembling annotated

prototype quality manufacturing sectioned

adhesive lacquer lathe plane

acrylic epoxy resin dowel

aluminium ball-pein mallet mortise

polystyrene callipers chisel gouge

polyurethane micrometer bradawl gauge

tenon

DRAMA

tone accent scene pitch

intonation improvise scenery gesture

design mannerism scenario communicate

director portrayal theatre effective

documentary appearance rostrum enhance

venue tragedy rehearsal cue

ceremony narrator tableau voice

audience resources programme stimulus

role-play contribution status proscenium

comedy tragic physical stylised

ENGLISH

poem sentence character atmosphere

author phrase genre language

scene playwright beginning quotation

description repetition opening technique

paragraph novelist convey textual

conclusion analysis final dialogue

monologue emotive simile metaphor

comma theme literature onomatopoeia

alliteration monologue highlights chapter

soliloquy title writer punctuation

tragedy speech narrator connectives

tone

GEOGRAPHY

physical rural inputs hedgerow

human urban outputs landscape

global rivers volcanoes feedback

organic meander earthquakes rotation

processes flood epicentre precipitation

pastoral glaciation conservation arable

corrie sustainable mixed arête

environment subsidies pyramidal peak population

Ordnance Survey ox-bow lake conflict questionnaire

deposition moraine erratic truncated

HISTORY

primary historian reign chronological

secondary historical monarchy knowledge

reliable ancient heir strategy

accurate medieval guardian battlefield

advantage archaeology occupation rebellion

industrial revolution commission Suffragettes

agricultural imperial parliamentary ballot

emigrant military assassination league

immigrant patriotism ultimatum treaty

HOME ECONOMICS

baking dairy nutrient liquids

boiling calcium hygiene flammability

grilling vegetable bacteria oxygen

steaming margarine dietary moisture

poaching protein recipe temperature

vitamins carbohydrate perishable stitching

minerals nutrition ironing board sewing machine

equipment consumer contamination health

variety labelling textile obesity

hazard precaution materials instruction

I C T

data systems attachment disk

field analyst access monitor

spreadsheet requirements descending processor

default specification ascending browser

design installation messaging computer

viruses media conference search engine

software microphone favourite directories

retrieval scanner digital website

editing project digitise modem

accessories development applications portfolio

MATHS

angle addition volume equation

triangle subtraction height estimate

square multiplication weight decimal

rectangle division length ratio

cylinder calculation width fraction

circle hypotenuse measurement centimetre

radius frequency symmetry kilometre

diameter probability parallel circumference

expression pyramid prism Pythagoras

sphere sequence percentage coordinate

acute bearing rotation mean

obtuse factor positive translation

reflex median multiple negative

right-angled isosceles equilateral gradient

MODERN LANGUAGES

Tense Noun Summary Agreement

Participle Adjective Article Subject

Past participle Conjunction Negative Object

Vocabulary Paragraph

MODERN STUDIES

Government parliament rights European

responsibilities country pressure representative

councillor election democracy politician

constituent selective campaign citizen

argument society community prejudice

referendum exaggerated opinion biased

immigration source enquiry evidence

investigation decision economy stereotype

organisation view committee independence

devolution dictatorship unilateral evaluation

MUSIC

crotchet dotted choir instruments

quaver major orchestra xylophone

semiquaver minor conductor glockenspiel

minim pentatonic composing guitar

semibreve octave composition keyboard

percussion interval staves theory

time signature semitone leger lines naturals

value musician chords bass clef

rhythm piano chorus treble clef

PHYSICS

energy resistance friction satellite

gravity acceleration kinetic projectile

series deceleration potential latent

Celsius vertical specific capacity

centigrade horizontal radiation velocity

circuit voltage resistor diffraction

current efficiency alternator absorption

battery ammeter transistor oscilloscope

electricity amplitude thermistor solenoid

filament wavelength modulator joule

RELIGIOUS STUDIES

myth ceremony sacred scripture

mythology rites sacramental document

legend ritual sacrifice testament

deity burial spiritual commandment

divinity funeral orthodox judgement

Buddha Christianity disciple Islam

Buddhism Bible crucifixion Muslim

compassion Hinduism miracle Muhammad

pacifism Judaism resurrection Qur’an (Koran) enlightenment prophet atheist mosque

Look – Cover – Write – Check each word

Enable someone else to find your sources:

Key Points to remember:

• When you write a bibliography you should give

enough information about each source, whether

it is a website or a printed text, that others, in

particular your teacher or a marker, can find it

easily.

• We do this by using the full title formula:

this includes all the basic details necessary to find

a source, using a consistent format which

everyone can understand.

Let your teacher know your sources:


• By including a bibliography you demonstrate clearly

that you have incorporated other people’ ideas in

your work; this shows your teacher that you have

researched the topic properly and are using reliable

sources.

• Using an author’s work or ideas, without duly

crediting the original, is known as plagiarism (trying

to pass someone else’s work off as your own).

It is vital to credit all your sources, otherwise,

deliberate or not, you may be accused of cheating

with serious consequences.

Writing a COOL Bibliography:

Content

• Include all your sources – even ones you have not

directly quoted in your project.

Order/ Organisation

• Sources are organised in alphabetical order using

the author’s last name.

• They should be numbered (1, 2, 3 etc) to show

clearly how many sources were used.

Language

• Punctuation marks and CAPITAL LETTERS are

essential parts of the full title formula.

“Giving CREDIT

where CREDIT is

due...

Every idea has its owner – give them credit:


• Every source of information has an author (or

authors) who have spent time creating and

researching it.

• You can’t use an author’s work or ideas, including

images, without acknowledging or crediting this

input.

• Don’t just cut and paste.

Putting what you’ve found into your own words

increases your knowledge and proves your

understanding - which is the best way to learn!

OFQUAL “Using Sources –A Guide for Students”

http://www.ofqual.gov.uk/files/2009-12-24-

plagiarism-students.pdf, visited 30/11/2010.

THE MADRAS STANDARD

Correction Code Sp Spelling error C Capital letter required

P Punctuation ^ There is a word missing

�� Well done WW Wrong word(s) used

NP or // New paragraph needed T Incorrect tense

S New sentence needed / sentence error ? This part is unclear

BW or exp Better wording needed / poor style / clumsy

Writing a Bibliography Core Targets

ALL sources used – books, websites, magazines,

newspapers – are included

Your bibliography is arranged in alphabetical order

using the author(s) last name.

Each source is described using the full title formula

(see left). CAPITAL LETTERS and punctuation marks

(speech marks and commas) must be used in the

appropriate places!

Your bibliography is numbered – 1,2,3 – to make it

easy to see how many resources you have used.

Bibliography

1. BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION “The Fall of the Berlin

Wall” http://www.bbc.co.uk/clips/the-fall-of-the-berlin-

wall/2130.html, visited 30/11/2010.

2. CONNELLY, K and MARKS, D. (2009) “Somber and Reflective: Berlin

Marks Wall Anniversary” The Guardian, 13 November, pg. 11-12.

Putting It Together...

Alphabetical order by author

If more than three authors use first author and

et al. (CONNELLY, K. et al.)

Title

Full title formula for a newspaper / magazine article:

CONNELLY, K and MARKS, D. (2009) “Somber and Reflective: Berlin Marks Wall

Anniversary” , The Guardian Newspaper, 13 November pg. 11-12.

Author’s last name in CAPITALS,

initial(s). If more than one, put in

alphabetical order by last name.

Title of article: all describing words start with capital

letter; title surrounded by quotation (speech) marks

Name of

Newspaper Page

Date

published

Full title formula for a website (or online image*):

BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION “The Fall of the Berlin Wall”

http://www.bbc.co.uk/clips/the-fall-of-the-berlin-wall/2130.html,

visited 30/11/2010.

*For an online image “author” would refer to the photographer or illustrator.

Author last name in CAPITALS.

An author can also be a

company or organisation

Title: all describing words start with

capital letter; title surrounded by

quotation (speech) marks

URL – full address of webpage (comma) Date you looked at the website

Full title formula for a book:

GRANT, R.G (1998) “The Berlin Wall”, Wayland Press Ltd.

Author last name in

CAPITALS, initial(s)

Book Title: all describing words start with capital

letter; title surrounded by quotation (speech) marks

Year

Publisher (comma)

The © sign will help with both! (on page after title page)








1. Lay out your letter according to the rules. See example!

2. Remember the Type, Audience and Purpose of your

letter. Maintain a formal tone throughout.

3. Letters should always be in your best handwriting.

4. Use the correct sign off. If you know the name of the

person you are writing to, use “Yours sincerely”. If you

don’t, use “Yours faithfully.”

Madras College Kilrymont Road St. Andrew KY16 8DE Tel: 01382 543336

19 May 2012 Kangaworld Ltd Copse Street Nutsford NU5 3AB Dear Sir or Madam I wish to express my concern about the kangaroo which I recently purchased from your company. Contrary to the promises in your advertisement, looking after a kangaroo in a small semi-detached house has presented a number of problems. Exercise has been far from easy and the constant leaping in my lounge has led to two broken lampshades and a crack in the plasterwork. In conclusion, I feel that I must return the animal to your care. I would be grateful if you would contact me as soon as possible to make the necessary arrangements. Yours faithfully, Ms A Jack

Your address

Date

Address you are writing to

Sir/Madam if you do not know the name of the person

Opening paragraph explains what the letter is about.

Concluding paragraph should be concise and clear.

“Yours sincerely” if you have addressed the person by name; “Yours faithfully” if you have not addressed the person by name.

Your signature Name printed

Formal tone maintained throughout

Beginnings

It is important to get the first sentence of the text of

your letter sounding right. This is what will create the

first impression on the reader. Here are some

suggested beginnings for a formal letter:

It has been brought to my attention that…

I am writing to inform you that…

I am writing in response to…

Endings

Endings are also very important as they will be the last

thing the reader is left with.

Here are some suggested endings:

I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest

convenience.

I would welcome your comments on this matter.

THE MADRAS STANDARD







Writing Targets

Address(es), correctly laid out

The date

An appropriate salutation

Reason for writing, in detail

Background information

Appropriate topic/ points in detail, clearly linked and developed

Appropriate tone

Detailed thoughts, feelings, opinions with detailed reasons

Effective words/phrases appropriate to audience

An effective conclusion, linked to purpose,

maintaining reader’s interest

Appropriate signing off

Core Targets

Accurate punctuation, supporting structure

and meaning

Sentences well constructed and of varied

length and type

Accurate use of paragraphs for separate ideas and events

Appropriate layout

Spelling – most words correct, including more sophisticated vocabulary

Key points to remember: 1. Lay out your letter according to the rules. See example!

2. Remember the Type, Audience and Purpose of your

letter. The language you use will be much more informal

and casual.

3. Letters should always be in your best handwriting.

4. There are different ways to sign off an informal letter,

depending on who you are writing to.

1 Wallaby Way Penicuik

Midlothian EH25 1AA

19.05.2010 Dear Louise, I thought I would write as I haven’t seen you for ages. Have you given up going to the step class? I met Julia in the library on Saturday. She said she would like us to go and see a film together sometime soon. What do you think? Things are going well with me. I have a part time job in a newsagents which gives me a bit of money to treat myself from time to time! I hope we can meet up sometime soon. Love, Karen

Your address

Date

Language is much less formal and it is appropriate to use shortened words

Body of letter is in paragraphs. Links between paragraphs may

be loose.

Other possible valedictions include “Yours truly”, “Best wishes”, “Kind regards.”

Only first name needed

Salutation: Dear

THE MADRAS STANDARD

Posters

Key Points to remember: • Remember the Type, Audience, and Purpose

for the poster. It will help you to make sure

your content is appropriate.

• An informative poster is a formal piece of

writing.

• It is often appropriate to use bullet points,

images, graphs, and charts as a part of a poster.

Content Key Points to remember:

• Plan your research and take notes in a way that

you will know what they mean.

• Use suitable sub-headings to organise and sort

information.

• Confidently use specific words and phrases.

• Remember to accurately document all sources

(information and images) you used.

Order/Organisation

Key Points to remember: • Organise your sub-headings into the most

logical order.

• Remember to use topic sentences to move your

writing on to your next point. (See example

overleaf)

• Make sure any images, graphs or charts you use

match up with the relevant section of your

poster.

Language

Key Points to remember: • Most posters should be written in third person.

• Posters should be written using formal

language.

• You should avoid contractions (don’t, won’t

etc)

• Keep up an informative tone throughout your

text.

THE MADRAS STANDARD

Topic sentence explains what the paragraph will be about.

Suitable and interesting title

Suitable sub-headings / sections to organise and

sort information

Main ideas and important facts are appropriate,

accurate and in detail

Important facts are linked, clearly

Integrate images/ graphs/ charts to support text

Well organised

Appropriate tone

Specific words/phrases/images appropriate to

topic

Core Targets

Accurate punctuation, supporting structure and

meaning

Sentences well constructed and of varied length

and type

Accurate use of paragraphs/sections for separate

ideas /areas of information

Appropriate layout

Spelling – most words correct, including more

sophisticated vocabulary

Terms and phrases used are specific to the topic and suited to the likely reader.

Sub-heading

Suitable Title

Informative tone being used.

Images make topic easier to understand

Images related to topic

Correction Code Sp Spelling error C Capital letter required P Punctuation ^ There is a word missing �� Well done WW Wrong word(s) used NP or // New paragraph needed T Incorrect tense S New sentence needed / sentence error ? This part is unclear BW or exp Better wording needed / poor style / clumsy

Newspaper Reports

Key Points to remember: • Remember the Type, Audience and Purpose for

the newspaper report. The audience and

purpose may be different between a

broadsheet newspaper and a tabloid.

• A newspaper report is a formal piece of writing.

• It is often appropriate to use pictures as a part

of a newspaper report.

• Look at real newspapers to learn about the

style and tone used.

• Newspaper articles should be written in

columns.


• Your opening paragraph should briefly

outline the story and try to “hook” the

reader. The rest of your article will fill in the

details.

• Include specific facts like the full name and

age of those involved and the specific times

and dates of the events.

• It is very common to have comments from

people involved in the form of eye witness

statements

• Pictures used should include a caption to

Order/Organisation

Key Points to remember: • Remember to use topic sentences to move

your writing on to your next point. (See

example overleaf)

• The events should be dealt with in

chronological order.

• A detailed description of the events should

be followed by an eye witness account or a

comment from someone involved.

• Round off your essay with an appropriate

comment that makes it clear the article is

finished.

Language

Key Points to remember: • A newspaper report should be a formal piece

of writing.

• Headlines should be dramatic. Try to use

techniques such as puns and alliteration to do

this.

• Avoid contractions like “don’t” and “won’t”

(except in the eye witness accounts.)

• Try to use emotive language for more impact

(see overleaf)

THE MADRAS STANDARD

Newspaper Report Writing Targets

Engaging headline

Sub-headings

Columns

Illustrations/Diagrams

Clear, effective opening

Main events

Important facts in detail

Events/facts clearly linked

Events/facts in organised order

Witness statements/comments

Effective and powerful words/phrases

Appropriate tone

Fully rounded off conclusion

Core Targets

Accurate punctuation, supporting

structure and meaning

Sentences well constructed and of varied

length and type

Accurate use of paragraphs for separate

ideas and events

Appropriate layout for witness

statements/comments

Spelling – accurate, including more

sophisticated vocabulary

RARE ROMAN HELMET NETS LOCAL MAN MILLIONS A rare Roman helmet which was found buried in a muddy field has been sold for a massive £2.3 million. It was found in May by an amateur treasure hunter who was out searching with a metal detector in Cumbria, England.

It is one of only three ever found in the UK and was snapped up by a mystery phone bidder at an auction in London.

The auction house's London head of antiquities, Georgiana Aitken, said: ''This helmet is the discovery of a lifetime for a metal detectorist.

''When it was initially brought to Christie's and I examined it at first-hand, I saw this extraordinary face from the past staring back at me and I could scarcely believe my eyes.

It is hoped the helmet will still stay in the UK, but some people are disappointed because they wanted it to be purchased by a local museum. A museum near where the ancient relic was found wanted to buy it, but could not match the price of the mystery bidder. Secret identity The treasure hunter who found it does not want publicity, and has not revealed his/her identity to the newspapers. Experts believe that the mask would have been worn with colourful streamers attached at Roman sporting events over 2000 years ago.

Catchy

headline

uses

alliteration

First

paragraph

outlines story

Effective

words to

dramatise

story

Comment

from a person

involved in the

event.

Heading draws

reader in.

Article ends with final interesting point. Correction Code

Sp Spelling error C Capital letter required P Punctuation ^ There is a word missing �� Well done WW Wrong word(s) used NP or // New paragraph needed T Incorrect tense S New sentence needed / sentence error ? This part is unclear BW or exp Better wording needed / poor style / clumsy

Reports

Key Points to remember: • Remember the Type, Audience and Purpose for

the report. It will help you to make sure your

writing is appropriate.

• A report is a formal piece of writing.

• It is often appropriate to use bullet points,

graphs and charts as a part of a report.

• Your work should always be neatly presented.


• Plan your research and take notes in a way that

you will know what they mean. You have

covered this skill in the literacy programme in

the library.

• Decide on sub-headings that will help you to

fulfil the task.

• Group your content material according to these

sub-headings.

• Remember to include a bibliography of the

sources you used.

Order/Organisation

Key Points to remember: • Organise your sub-headings into the most

logical order. This will help your essay to be

more fluent.

• Remember to use topic sentences to move your

writing on to your next point. (See example

overleaf)

• Make sure any graphs or charts you use match

up with the relevant section of your essay.

Language

Key Points to remember: • Most reports should be written in either the

third person. Your teacher will tell which is the

most appropriate

• Reports should be written using formal

language.

• You should avoid contractions (don’t, won’t

etc)

• Keep up an informative tone throughout your

piece.

THE MADRAS STANDARD

Writing Targets – Report

Suitable title Sub-headings / sections

Introduction with the purpose clearly stated

Main ideas, accurate and in detail

Important facts, appropriate, accurate and in detail.

Important facts are linked, clearly Well organised Logical structure Appropriate tone

Specific words/phrases appropriate to topic

Conclusion – developed, effective and appropriate

Core Targets

Accurate punctuation, supporting structure and meaning

Sentences well constructed and of varied length and type

Accurate use of paragraphs/sections for separate ideas /areas of information

Appropriate layout Spelling – most words correct, including more sophisticated vocabulary

Extract from a report on healthy lifestyles.

Formal language used

Report on Healthy LifestylesReport on Healthy LifestylesReport on Healthy LifestylesReport on Healthy Lifestyles

Regular exercise is a very important part of how we can keep our bodies fit and healthy. Fitting exercise into your life can be a challenge but there are many different sports and activities to choose from and the rewards of keeping active are considerable.

Making time for ExerciseMaking time for ExerciseMaking time for ExerciseMaking time for Exercise There are a number of ways to build exercise into your life. This can range from making simple decisions such as making the effort to walk to the shop rather than take the car or even take the stairs at work instead of the lift. These simple tasks, undertaken regularly, can make a big difference.

Sporting ActivitiesSporting ActivitiesSporting ActivitiesSporting Activities From team sports such as football and hockey, to cycling and hill walking, there is a healthy activity to suit everyone... (main body of report follows)

BibliographyBibliographyBibliographyBibliography The Health and Fitness Handbook - Dalgleish, Julia (2001) Walking for Fitness - Barough, Nina (2004)

Sub-heading

Topic sentence explains what the paragraph will be about.

Sub-heading

Title

Informative tone being used.

Bibliography cites sources where the content was found.

Correction Code Sp Spelling error C Capital letter required P Punctuation ^ There is a word missing �� Well done WW Wrong word(s) used NP or // New paragraph needed T Incorrect tense S New sentence needed / sentence error ? This part is unclear BW or exp Better wording needed / poor style / clumsy

Madras College

the madras standard for literacy · atom alkali iron distil ... the madras standard . correction...

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