The Great WarThe Great War1914-19181914-1918

APWHAPWH

20092009

BradleyBradley

Warm-UpWarm-Up

Think Pair Share-Think Pair Share- For what reasons are wars For what reasons are wars

fought? What causes them to fought? What causes them to begin?begin? 1 minute Think1 minute Think 2 minutes Pair2 minutes Pair 3 minutes Share3 minutes Share

4 MAIN Causes4 MAIN CausesImpacted by Impacted by IndustrializationIndustrialization, , NationalismNationalism, and , and ImperialismImperialism-- as countries try to expand their as countries try to expand their wealth and territories, they look wealth and territories, they look for partners they could turn to in for partners they could turn to in case of war.case of war.

MilitarismMilitarism

Massive arms Massive arms racerace

Countries Countries competing to competing to build up their build up their militariesmilitaries

AlliancesAlliances An attack on one country forces An attack on one country forces

another to join.another to join. Triple Alliance (Central Powers)-Triple Alliance (Central Powers)-

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (later the Ottoman Empire)(later the Ottoman Empire)

Triple Entente (Allied Powers)-Triple Entente (Allied Powers)- Great Great Britain, France, and Russia (later the Britain, France, and Russia (later the US 1917)US 1917)

Austria-Hungary Serbia

GermanyRussia France Britain

Belgium

Italy

JapanOttomans

Bulgaria

ImperialismImperialism

Seeking to gain Seeking to gain new wealth new wealth and new and new territoryterritory

Competing for Competing for colonies in Asia colonies in Asia and Africaand Africa

Germany in Germany in competition competition with France with France and GBand GB

NationalismNationalism

Strong feelings of loyalty, pride, Strong feelings of loyalty, pride,

and patriotism for your country.and patriotism for your country. Leads to competition- “ours is the Leads to competition- “ours is the

best”best” People support their country going People support their country going

to war.to war.

The Spark the Set it Off…The Spark the Set it Off…

Sarajevo, June 28, 1914Sarajevo, June 28, 1914 Assassination of the Archduke of Assassination of the Archduke of

Austria-Hungary Franz FerdinandAustria-Hungary Franz Ferdinand ““Young Bosnians”- Serbian Young Bosnians”- Serbian

nationalist group, supplied weapons nationalist group, supplied weapons by the Black Hand.by the Black Hand.

A-H declares war on Serbia… A-H declares war on Serbia…

PropagandaPropaganda

Von Schlieffen PlanVon Schlieffen Plan

Germany’s plan to attack France Germany’s plan to attack France quickly and then turn and face the quickly and then turn and face the Russians (before they had a chance to Russians (before they had a chance to mobilize).mobilize).

Goal was to capture Goal was to capture Paris in precisely 42 Paris in precisely 42 days, force the French days, force the French to surrender, then shift to surrender, then shift forces to the eastern forces to the eastern front. Doesn’t work.front. Doesn’t work.

Weapons of the Great Weapons of the Great WarWar

Bolt action rifleBolt action rifle- could fire 15 rounds a - could fire 15 rounds a minute and hit a target 1400 meters minute and hit a target 1400 meters away. Used mainly by British.away. Used mainly by British.

Large artillery gunsLarge artillery guns- long range, needed - long range, needed 12 men to work them. Fired shells which 12 men to work them. Fired shells which exploded upon impact.exploded upon impact.

BayonetsBayonets- blade attached to front of rifle, - blade attached to front of rifle, for close combat.for close combat.

It’ll be over by Christmas…It’ll be over by Christmas…

New TechnologiesNew Technologies Poison gas (chlorine)Poison gas (chlorine) Mustard gasMustard gas ZeppelinZeppelin Machine gunMachine gun TankTank AirplaneAirplane U-boats (submarines)U-boats (submarines) Hand GrenadeHand Grenade Flamethrower- Flamethrower- flammenwerfenflammenwerfen

                                                                    

              

SPRINGTIME The sower

Published in 1918

Think Time!Think Time!

Which weapon do you think had the Which weapon do you think had the greatest impact on the war? greatest impact on the war? Put a Put a next to the weapon in your notes.next to the weapon in your notes.

Which one do you think had the Which one do you think had the greatest impact on future wars? greatest impact on future wars? Put Put next to the weapon in your notes. next to the weapon in your notes.

Changes in Warfare: Changes in Warfare: Trench warfareTrench warfare

New technologiesNew technologies different ways of different ways of fightingfighting

450 miles of trenches stretched from 450 miles of trenches stretched from North Sea to Swiss BorderNorth Sea to Swiss Border

RatsRats SmellSmell Trench Foot/Trench FeverTrench Foot/Trench Fever LiceLice No Man’ LandNo Man’ Land

In Flanders FieldsIn Flanders FieldsJohn McCrae, died 1918John McCrae, died 1918

In Flanders fields the poppies blowIn Flanders fields the poppies blowBetween the crosses, row on rowBetween the crosses, row on rowThat mark our place; and in the skyThat mark our place; and in the skyThe larks, still bravely singing, flyThe larks, still bravely singing, flyScarce heard amid the guns below.Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the Dead. Short days agoWe are the Dead. Short days agoWe lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,Loved and were loved, and now we lieLoved and were loved, and now we lieIn Flanders fields. In Flanders fields.

Suicide in the Trenches Suicide in the Trenches    

I knew a simple soldier boyI knew a simple soldier boyWho grinned at life in empty joy,Who grinned at life in empty joy,

Slept soundly through the lonesome dark,Slept soundly through the lonesome dark,And whistled early with the lark.And whistled early with the lark.

    In winter trenches, cowed and glum,In winter trenches, cowed and glum,

With crumps and lice and lack of rum,With crumps and lice and lack of rum,He put a bullet through his brain.He put a bullet through his brain.

No one spoke of him again.No one spoke of him again.   

You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye.You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye.Who cheer when soldier lads march by,Who cheer when soldier lads march by,Sneak home at pray you’ll never knowSneak home at pray you’ll never knowThe hell where youth and laughter go.The hell where youth and laughter go.

    ~Siegfried Sassoon~Siegfried Sassoon

If surviving the enemy If surviving the enemy wasn’t bad enough…wasn’t bad enough…

Over 1000 Over 1000 soldiers were soldiers were executed by their executed by their own armies.own armies. Germany- 48Germany- 48 France- 600France- 600 Britain- 346Britain- 346 Italy 500+Italy 500+ Canada- 25Canada- 25

*Soldiers killed for insubordination, desertion, and refusing to fight.

*Symptoms of Shell Shock included: tiredness, irritability, lack of concentration, headaches, disconnect.

*Mental breakdown often occurred.

*Generals saw this as cowardice.

Returning homeReturning home War correspondent Philip Gibbs wrote:War correspondent Philip Gibbs wrote:

““Something was wrong. They put on civilian Something was wrong. They put on civilian clothes again and looked to their mothers and clothes again and looked to their mothers and wives very much like the young men who had wives very much like the young men who had gone to business in the peaceful days before gone to business in the peaceful days before August 1914. But they had not come back the August 1914. But they had not come back the same men. Something had altered in them. They same men. Something had altered in them. They were subject to sudden moods, and queer were subject to sudden moods, and queer tempers, fits of profound depression alternating tempers, fits of profound depression alternating with a restless desire for pleasure. Many were with a restless desire for pleasure. Many were easily moved to passion where they lost control of easily moved to passion where they lost control of themselves, many were bitter in their speech, themselves, many were bitter in their speech, violent in opinion, frightening.”violent in opinion, frightening.”

Post-Traumatic Stress Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderDisorder

Experts think PTSD occurs today:Experts think PTSD occurs today: In about 30% of Vietnam veterans, or In about 30% of Vietnam veterans, or

about 30 out of 100 Vietnam veterans. about 30 out of 100 Vietnam veterans. In as many as 10% of Gulf War (Desert In as many as 10% of Gulf War (Desert

Storm) veterans, or in 10 veterans out of Storm) veterans, or in 10 veterans out of 100.9 100.9

In about 6% to 11% of veterans of the In about 6% to 11% of veterans of the Afghanistan war (Enduring Freedom), or Afghanistan war (Enduring Freedom), or in 6 to 11 veterans out of 100. in 6 to 11 veterans out of 100.

In about 12% to 20% of veterans of the In about 12% to 20% of veterans of the Iraq war (Iraqi Freedom).Iraq war (Iraqi Freedom).

Of the 65 million men who were Of the 65 million men who were mobilized, more than mobilized, more than 10 million were 10 million were

killedkilled and more than 20 million and more than 20 million

wounded.wounded.

What if…What if… Create an “If… then…” statement in Create an “If… then…” statement in

your notes regarding the causes of the your notes regarding the causes of the Great War.Great War.

For example: For example: IFIF Newton hadn’t been sitting under a tree Newton hadn’t been sitting under a tree

and had an apple fall on his head, and had an apple fall on his head, THENTHEN he he might not have come up with the law of might not have come up with the law of gravity.gravity.

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