The Fall of the Qing Dynasty

•Even the Empress Dowager now embraced educational, administrative, and legal reforms.

• After the Boxer Rebellion, China desperately tried to

reform.

Changin’ Up the Game Plan…..

National Assemblies

In 1909, legislative assemblies were formed at the provincial level. Elections for a national assembly were held in 1910.

Assemblies count not pass laws, but only advise the ruler.

Sun Yat-senSun Yat-sen formed the “Revive China Society,” which believed that the Qing Dynasty was in a state of decay and China needed new, stronger leadership.

Sun’s 3-Step-Reform Process:1. Military takeover.2. Sun’s own party would

prepare the people for democratic rule.

3. Creation of a constitutional democracy.

China’s “Last Emperor”Henry Pu Yi

Henry took the throne with the death of his aunt Empress Dowager Ci Xi in 1908.

In October 1911, Sun Yat-sen followers launched an uprising that caused the Qing Dynasty to collapse.Took the throne at the

age of 2.

Change in Management of China

Sun’s party did not have enough power to form a new government, so they looked to General Yuan Shigai who controlled the army.

Yuan tried to establish himself as an emperor and Sun Yat-sen launched a rebellion. Sun Yat-sen was defeated and had to flee to Japan.

Compare & Contrast

• Compare and contrast two of the areas we have studied in imperialism (SE

Asia, Africa, India, China)

• Create a T-chart that compares the characteristics of the imperialism in

both areas.

An End to Isolationism

By 1800, the Tokugawa shogunate had ruled Japan for 200 years. They had driven out all foreign trade and isolated the country from virtually all outside contact. Western powers wanted to open up Japan for their trade.

Japan in Isolation

America Comes Knocking

In 1853, an American fleet under Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Edo Bay. He brought a letter from President Millard Fillmore asking for opening relations between the U.S. and Japan.

This treaty did the following:

• Provided return for shipwrecked sailors.

• Opened two ports to U.S. traders.

• Established a U.S. consulate in Japan.

Treaty of Kanagawa

Japan = out of isolation!!

Resistance to the New Order

The Sat-Cho Alliance strongly opposed relations with the West powers.

They were convinced that Japan needed to strengthen its armies and demanded the shogun to resign.

In 1868, Sat-Cho forces stormed the shogun’s palace and proclaimed that the emperor had been restored.

The Meiji RestorationThe young Emperor Mutsuhito called his reign the Meiji, meaning “Enlightened Rule.”

He is actually controlled by Sat-Cho leaders who are looking to strengthen the power of Japan. Sent Japanese officials to the West to learn about political systems.

Adopted a constitution in 1889 that was modeled after Imperial Germany.

Emperor Mutsuhito

Reasons to Imperialize

Japan is small and lacking in resources with no room to expand. Western nations had grown wealthy and powerful through their colonies. Japan wanted raw materials, inexpensive labor, and access to markets.

Beginnings of ImperialismJapan’s expansion caused a war with the Chinese.Japan was able to easily defeat the Chinese for control of Korea, but this strained relations with another major power….

Rivalry with Russia over influence in Korea had led to hostile relations.

Russia actually welcomed the possibility of war believing as an adviser to Nicholas II said, “We will only have to throw our caps at them and they will run away.”

Why would Russia welcome the idea of war??

What Russia thought would happen…

The Russo-Japanese War1904-1905

Russia underestimated the industrialized army of Japan. Russia sent their fleet halfway around the world only to be defeated by the Japanese off the coast of Japan. Russians are humiliated, Japanese get land and emerge as one of the world’s great powers.