The End of the Chinese Empireand the fall of the Qing Dynasty

Republic of China

Qing Dynastyof China

http://www.scientiaweb.com/2011/03/20/china-flag-explained/

The banner of the Chinese Emperor

RECAP: Western Imperialism in China

• China loses the Opium Wars to Britain badly (1860)• China is humiliated in wars and in the final

peace treaties, they loose land and honor• The Chinese people vent their anger at

foreigners who they can’t beat but now also towards the emperor in the capital city of Beijing

“The Mandate of Heaven”

• Lived in the “Forbidden City” in Beijing

The Mandate of Heaven is based on four principles:• 1. The right to rule is granted by heaven. • 2. There is only one heaven therefore there can

be only one ruler. • 3.The right to rule is based on the virtue of the

ruler. • 4. The right to rule is not limited to one dynasty.

Empress Ci-Xi of Chinaruled (1861-1908)

Cíxǐ TàihòuIn Chinese

Known as the Dowager EmpressDowager = endowed,widower

Very conservative

Emperor Guangxu ruled (1875 to 1908)

• The rightful ruler of China but Empress Cixi launched a coup in 1898 and took his place He was only in power 33 years.

Beijing Palace 2011

Above the Forbidden City

2010 in Beijing, China

Xuantong Emperor ruled (1908-1 912)

• His name was Puyi• He was the “Last Emperor” of China• His fall ended the monarchy• 221 BC was the first emperor of China! – the Qin dynastyThe name for China is thoughtto come from “Qin”.

That means China had emperors over 2000 years!

Internal Problems increase in China(1800-1900)

•Population boom, but food production doesn’t increase•Widespread hunger•Bad flooding on the Yellow River•Government corruption•Opium addiction steadily increased

Open Door Policy

• U.S. fears being left out of China.• China is a huge Market.• U.S. declares an Open Door Policy in 1898.• Any Nation may trade anywhere in

China.• This Prevented China from being divided

into colonies like most countries in… Africa and many in Southeast Asia.

Boxer Rebellion- Year 1900Chinese Nationalism grows…

Why? A campaign against Empress’ rule and foreigner’s special privileges and western culture

Named Secret Society of Harmonious Fists /The Boxers

Boxer Rebellion (in 1900)

•Chinese cry “Death to the Foreign Devils”•The boxers siege of Beijing•Empress Cixi verbally supports, but gives no military help•August, 1900: multinational force of 20,000 Western troops quickly defeats the Boxers•Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States all send troops- 8 NATION ALLIANCE•Rebellion was crushed and China was forced to pay reparations

8 Nations Alliance

The 8 Nations were: Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States

in

TIBET (Br.)Yangzi River (Br.)

Manchuria

Answer: Britain, France, Russia, Netherlands (Dutch), Japan

What 5 countries attacked China from 1800-1910?

The Republic of China is born• Dr. Sun Yat Sen leads China’s people to overthrowthe Qing dynasty in Beijing in the Xinhai Revolution in 1911

• The Republic of China is declared in on January 1st, 1912• Dr. Sun serves as the first President of the Republic of

China

Three Principles of the People• Nationalism -Westerners out! China is run by the

Chinese for the Chinese• Democracy – China is run by it’s people, free elections• Social Welfare- Economic stability for all, Socialism

The Meaning of the new Flag –The Meaning of the new Flag –

Five horizontal stripesFive horizontal stripes

Han People Han People

Manchu PeopleManchu People

Mongol PeopleMongol People

Uyghur PeopleUyghur People

Tibetan PeopleTibetan People

Flag of ChinaFrom 1912-28

The Republic of China is founded in 1912

Can you think of some similar flags? Germany Mauritius

再 見I wish youmuch successin your studies in the Yearof the Dragon!

Sources

Source Acknowledgments:•http://www.slideshare.net/Hugh_07/qing-dynasty-9716603•http://www.slideshare.net/treed/qing-dynasty-5632989•http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/modern2.html