Qing Dynasty ChinaBackground

1644, Manchus invaded China and established the Qing Dynasty

ruled China for over 260 years

upheld traditional Confucian beliefs and social structures

Manchuria

Qing Dynasty ChinaRulers

Kangxi (kahng shee)Became emperor in 1661

and ruled for 60 yearsReduced government

expensesLowered taxesPlaced intellectual people

and scholars in government offices

Qing Dynasty ChinaRulers

Qian-Long (chyahn lung)Ruled from 1736-1795Expanded the borders of

ChinaMade China more

prosperous

Qing Dynasty ChinaForeign Policy

Viewed China as the cultural center of the universe

Welcomed foreigners but made them follow many restrictionsHad to pay tribute to Qing rulersCould only trade at certain portsHad to “kowtow” to Qing rulers

(kneel before them and touch head to the ground nine times)

Qing Dynasty ChinaSociety

The use of irrigation and fertilizer helped to increase food production, leading to a population increase

Men dominated the household Families lived with paternal grandparents to

ensure that aging parents could be helped with farming

Female infanticide (killing infants) Women’s rights were very limited

Tokugawa JapanBackground

A civil war in 1467 began an era of disorder and rule by local war lords

Daimyos were feudal lords who controlled private armies of samurai warriors

Tokugawa JapanRulers

Oda Nobunaga (oh-dah noh-boo-nah-gah)A powerful daimyo who

seized Japan’s capital in 1568

He believed in ruling the empire by force

Eliminated all enemiesCommitted suicide when

one of his powerful generals betrayed him

Tokugawa JapanRulers

Tokugawa Ieyasu (ee-ye-ya-soo)

Became the shogun, or “sole ruler”, in 1603

Unified JapanMaintained control of daimyo by

requiring them to spend half their time living in Japan’s capital & holding their families hostage when they returned home to their lands

Founded the Tokugawa Shogunate (dynasty of shoguns that ruled unified Japan until 1867)

Tokugawa JapanForeign Policy

At first, welcomed foreigners Began to dislike the influence that Christian

missionaries had on Japanese culture (abandoning traditional beliefs & fear of uprising)

Banned Christianity in 1612 and began to persecute all Christians

In 1639, began a “closed country policy” Only one port remained open to foreigners, but only

Dutch and Chinese traders were allowed Japanese were forbidden from leaving Japan

Tokugawa JapanSociety

Confucian values emphasized agriculture, not business

Increased population and urbanization

Emperor (no power) , Shogun (military commander)

Daimyo (powerful landholding samurai)

Peasants, artisans

Samurai (warriors)

Merchants

Review: Who’s Who?Kangxi Qian-Long Nobunaga Tokugawa Ieyasu

1. Placed intellectual people and scholars in

government offices2. Became the shogun “sole ruler” in 16033. He believed in ruling the empire by force4. Founded the Tokugawa Shogunate5. Committed suicide when one of his powerful

generals betrayed him6. Reduced government expenses & lowered taxes7. Maintained control of daimyo by requiring them

to spend half their time living in Japan’s capital & holding their families hostage

8. Expanded the borders of China and made China more prosperous

Kangxi

Kangxi

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Nobunaga

NobunagaTokugawa Ieyasu

Qian-Long

Review: China or Japan?1. Invaded by Manchus in 1644 who set up the Qing

Dynasty2. Confucian values emphasized agriculture, not business3. Authority figure was a shogun (military commander)4. Female infanticide common5. Banned Christianity in 1612 & persecuted Christians 6. Required foreign traders to “kowtow” before Qing

Emperor7. Had a “closed country policy”8. Forbade natives from leaving the country9. Had a feudal period where daimyo controlled private

armies of samurai warriors10. Men dominated household & women’s rights were

limited

China

China

China

China

JapanJapan

Japan

JapanJapan

Japan