the european space agency - radecs · pdf filecomponent r&d activities for the european...

RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016

THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY


A mission to Jupiter - EEE Component R&D Activities for the

European Space Agency JUICE spacecraft.

Ali Zadeh, Petteri Nieminen, Robert Furnell, Christian poivey, Marc poizat, Veronique Ferlet-Cavrois, Cesar Boatella-Polo, Yuriy Butenko, Silvia Massetti


• To achieve the scientific goals of ESA’s challenging Cosmic Vision

missions, prior to their selection a comprehensive set of R&D

activities are carried out.

• Dedicated R&D activities are identified and executed to :

• Identify mission feasibility

• Ensure availability of mature technologies at the right stages

of a missions development phase.

• Depending on mission requirements, technology development is

carried out for individual missions or for multiple missions.

• Technology development may relate to any of a mission’s ground or

space based system, simulation tool, facility, process, individual EEE

components, materials, etc.

Realising Future ESA Science Missions


Feasibility of flying EEE Components on the JUICE Mission

• The feasibility of flying key EEE component technologies in the harsh Jupiter radiation environment was investigated in the early phases of the JUICE selection process. • It was considered that available digital technology in the

form of the ESA developed DARE+ was already compliant with the JUICE radiation environment requirements.

• However, additional effort to identify the feasibility of flying analogue, mixed signal, photonics and other sensitive technologies had to be established.

• The validity of certain well known Radiation Hardness Assurance requirements was also being questioned when considering the harsh Jupiter radiation environment.


Radiation Hardness Assurance Related Activities for the JUICE Mission (2)

• A number of EEE Component and RHA related activities were proposed and selected in support of the JUICE mission.

• Technology Characterisation

• Radiation Hard Memory • Survey of critical components for 150Krad power systems • TID characterisation of power-up behaviour for FPGAs • Radiation Evaluation of Digital Isolators • Radiation characterisation of front-end readout ASIC and RT

analogue / mixed signal technology • Radiation characterisation of Laplace/Tandem critical RH

optocouplers, sensors and detectors • Survey of total ionising dose tolerance of power bipolar

transistors and Silicon Carbide devices for JUICE


Radiation Hardness Assurance Related Activities for the JUICE Mission (2)

• A number of EEE Component and RHA related activities were proposed and selected in support of the JUICE mission.

• Radiation Hardness Assurance validation. • Verification of 60Co TID testing

representativeness for EEE components flown in the Jupiter electron environment

• Validation of ``non-ionising energy loss (NIEL)`` for high energy (>1MeV) electrons in Silicon

• Total Ionizing Dose influence on the single event effect sensitivity of active EEE components


JUICE R&D activities overview (1)

Radiation characterisation of RT analogue /

mixed signal technology Scalable Sensor Data Processor

GaN MMIC based solid state amplifier for X band

for long range high capacity communication

Radiation hard memory Scalable Sensor Data Processor Flight Model

Development

Development of a Terahertz Local Oscillator for

Space Science Heterodyne Applications

Radiation Tolerant analogue / mixed signal

technology survey and test vehicle design

Solar cell LILT design optimisation and

characterisation

Terahertz receiver technology for future Science

missions

Front-end readout ASIC technology study and

development test vehicles for front-end readout

ASICS

Solar cell LILT design optimisation and

characterisation

Pyrotechnic Valve Lifetime Extension

Qualification

Survey of critical components for 150krad

power system design including delta radiation

characterisation of RH power EEE components

Pre-qualification of integrated LILT solar cells Qualification of shielding applied to structural

panel for JUICE

Radiation characterisation of Laplace critical RH

optocouplers, sensors and detectors

Jovian Rad-Hard Electron Monitor Proto-Flight

Model Qualification of MAG boom for JUICE

Characterisation of radiation resistant materials

- Phase 1 JUICE Radiation Monitor Sensor Readout ASIC Validation of radiation resistant materials

Materials Charging effects under extreme

environments (ultra-low temperatures and high

radiation fields)

Evaluation of star tracker performance in high

radiation environment

Radiation testing of memories for the JUICE

mission (HB)

Radiation evaluation of digital isolators Radiation hardened star tracker for JUICE

Assessment of performance degradation of solar

cells during the JUICE mission due to primary

discharges

Verification of 60Co TID testing

representativeness for EEE components flown in

the Jupiter electron environment

Design of a Vision-Based navigation camera for

JUICE

Latch up protection for COTS (Commercial, off-

the-shelf) digital components

Total Ionizing Dose influence on the SEE

sensitivity of active EEE components

Design of a Vision-Based navigation camera for

JUICE

Radiation Effects on Sensors and Technologies

for Cosmic Vision SCI Missions (REST-SIM)

Low mass SpaceWire Closed-loop attitude guidance on-board

approach for JUICE REST-SIM - CCN GREET


JUICE R&D activities overview (2)

DAREplus (Design Against Radiation Effects) ASICs for

extremely rad hard & harsh environments

150 krad power converter/system design and prototyping

Computational tools for spacecraft electrostatic cleanliness and payload analysis Validation of "effective NIEL" for Silicon for high energy (>1MeV) electrons

Meteoroid Environment Model for the Jovian System Risk assessment of SEE events due to high energy electrons during the JUICE mission

Collaborative iterative radiation shielding optimisation system (CIRSOS) Survey of total ionising dose tolerance of power bipolar transistors and Silicon Carbide

devices for JUICE

Charging tools for the JUICE mission Innovative autonomous navigation techniques

AC Magnetic Field Verification Methods TID Characterisation of Power-up Behaviour for FPGAs

Development of a ground tropospheric media calibration system for accurate

ranging of space science missions RIME antenna Boom Development for Juice mission

High Power X-band Uplink for Deep Space Missions Juice SADM preliminary design and breadboard

JOREM Jupiter Radiation Environment and Effects tools DPU Common Interface (Cobham Gaisler)

Demonstration of the deployment of a highly integrated low power ice

penetrating radar antenna Main Engine Delta Qual

High Radiation Tolerant Low Intensity Low Temperature GaAs Solar Cells Charging properties of new materials

Radiation characterisation of front-end readout ASIC


Radiation Testing of Memories for the JUICE mission

Véronique Ferlet-Cavrois The Contract was awarded to Airbus DS and IDA (Germany)

Contact for information: [email protected]


Radiation Testing of Memories for the JUICE mission (1)

• The purpose of this activity was to identify memory devices appropriate for the JUICE mission.

• The activity is completed. However, observations made resulted in the initiation of follow-on activities.

• Part selection based on JUICE requirements of large capacity memory devices.

• A market investigation was performed to identify candidate memory types.

• Memories were tested up to the JUICE TID requirements. However, SEE testing was also performed to ensure comprehensive irradiation characterisation of selected devices.

• SEE testing were performed employing heavy ion and proton facilities.

• Two memory families were selected DDR and non-volatile.


Manufacturers DUTs Capacity Feature size

Micron (US) MT41J256M8HX-15E:D 2 Gbit 50 nm

Micron (US) MT41J512M8RH-093:E 4 Gbit 30 nm

Elpida (JPN) EDJ4208BASE-DJ-F 4 Gbit 4x nm

Hynix (K) H5TQ2G83BFR-H9CR 2 Gbit ? nm

Hynix (K) H5TQ4G83NFR-H9CR 4 Gbit 44 nm

Samsung (K) K4B2G0846B-HCH9 2 Gbit 56 nm

Samsung (K) K4B2G0846D-HCH9 2 Gbit 35 nm

Samsung (K) K4B4G0846B-HCH9 4 Gbit 35 nm

Nanya (Taïwan) NT5CB256M8BN-CG 2 Gbit 50 nm

Nanya (Taïwan) NT5CB256M8GN-CG 2 Gbit 42 nm

Nanya (Taïwan) NT5CB512M8CN-EK 4 Gbit 3x nm

NAND-Flash (SLC) Manufacturers DUTs Capacity Feature size

Samsung (K) MT29F16G08ABACAWP-IT:C 4x8 Gbit 51 nm

Micron (US) MT29F16G08ABACAWP-IT:C 16 Gbit 25 nm

Micron (US) MT29F32G08ABAA.AWP-IT:A 32 Gbit 25 nm

DDR3 SDRAM




• A large number of components were tested. • Test set-up were often complicated to identify and

characterise the numerous error modes detected. • All devices had to be de-capsulated for heavy ion tests.

Pin 1y

x

(short package axis)

(long package axis)

State Machine, HV Pulser

Memory Array

Samsung 4x8-Gbit

• The error modes investigated covered:

• Single Event Upset • Multiple Bit Upset • Stuck Bits • Single Event Functional Error • Single Event Latchup • Annealing effects on SEEs • Electrical parameter measurements

following TID measurements


1. Tolerance dose:

a. State-of-the-art NAND Flash: ≈ 30 krad

b. State-of-the-art DDR3 SDRAM: ≈ 400 krad (Hynix)

2. Both types suffer from SEE error mechanisms with data loss:

a. NAND Flash: destructive failure (DF)

b. DDR3 SDRAM: device SEFI

3. Both types are latch-up free

4. Parts with good test coverage:

a. NAND Flash: 16-Gbit Micron, no other parts procurable

b. DDR3 SDRAM: 4-Gbit Hynix, other parts have

substantial errors


The operating conditions of the devices were important for their radiation sensitivity. The operation of the devices therefore has to be selected for optimal system performance as well as best radiation resistance.


Survey of Critical Components for 150kRad Power Components

Christian Poivey (ESA) The activity was awarded to Alter Technology, TÜV Nord (Spain)



Survey of Critical Components for 150krad Power Systems (1)

• The purpose of this activity was to identify whether typical analogue EEE components employed in power systems irradiated beyond their specified radiation sensitivity limits could be used to develop a functional power system that still met the mission requirements.

• Characterize selected part types to the combined effects of TID up to 400Krad(Si) (was initially 150krad(Si) and extended to 400Krad(Si)) and TNID up to a 60 MeV protons with a fluence of 2*1011 #/cm2

• The results from this activity was utilised in a subsequent JUICE related activity to design a 150 to 400krad(Si) tolerant power system.

• Components for this activity were selected in collaboration with ESA’s power system division.



• TID characterisation was carried out on 11 samples with one sample assigned as a reference device.

• Due to the large number of devices tested and the number of test conditions only 3 samples per irradiation test condition was utilised. 3 samples is the minimum number of samples to achieve statistically significant results.

• The irradiation test conditions were: • TID biased on • TID biased off • Proton + TID biased on • Proton + TID biased off

• All samples were irradiation tested at the following dose rates: • 36rad(Si)/h up to 100krad(Si) • 100rad(Si)/h up to 150krad(Si) • 300rad(Si)/h up to 400krad(Si)

• The total irradiation time was approximately 172 days not counting time required for intermediate electrical parameter measurements.



• A large amount of data was obtained following all irradiation test campaigns and analysed

• In general the following results were obtained • Some components (even though radiation hard parts)

illustrated out of specification results below 100krad(Si) levels.

• Parameter were out of spec below 100 krad(Si) both for non proton irradiated and proton irradiated devices.

• Parameter were out of spec below 100 krad(Si) both for biased and non-biased devices.

• Even though some parameters were out of spec, no functional failures were observed for any devices up to 400krad(Si).

• The results from this activity was used in another ESA activity for the development of a power system.

• All irradiation test results from this activity publicly available.


Verification of 60Co Representativeness for EEE Components Flown in the Jupiter Electron Environment

Christian Poivey (ESA) The activity was awarded to LIP (Portugal)



Verification of 60Co Representativeness for EEE Components Flown in the Jupiter Electron Environment (1)

• Traditionally 60Co irradiation testing is performed on EEE components to characterise their TID performance.

• 60Co irradiation testing has empirically been proven to represent a worst case test condition with respect to the radiation environment experienced by spacecraft in the Earth, near Earth and interplanetary environment.

Electric Field (MV/cm)

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After F. B. McLean and T. R. Oldham, HDL Technical Report, No. HDL-

TR-2129 (1987) and M. R. Shaneyfelt, et al., (1991)



• The majority of the Total Ionising Dose received by the EEE components on the JUICE spacecraft is from the Jupiter electron environment.

• Considering the high energy of this electron environment it is important to know whether 60Co TID testing shall still be utilised to perform TID irradiation characterisation of EEE Components for the JUICE mission.

• Recent publications indicate that 60Co irradiation testing may underestimate TID irradiation testing of EEE Components.

From: Megan C. Casey et.al. “A Comparison of High-Energy Electron and Cobalt-60 γ-Ray Radiation Testing”



• In this activity devices from different Si technologies are selected for irradiation testing

• Irradiation testing is performed utilising high energy electrons and 60Co gammas (high and low dose rate). • Electron 12MeV at ~6.7rad/s. HSM (Portugal) • Electron >10MeV at RADEF (Finland). • 60Co gamma at ~6.7rad/s. CTN (Portugal) • 60Co gamma at ~0.08rad/s. ESTEC (The Netherlands)

• Identical components are utilised in all irradiation tests. • The results of the activity will be employed to define

whether 60Co testing is still a valid test method for the JUICE radiation environment or whether irradiation characterisation shall be performed employing electrons.


For the LM124, the data indicates increased electron irradiation induced parameter degradation compared to 60Co tests.

Electron and 60Co irradiation characterisation of the LM124 Op Amp.



In general results indicate no major difference between high energy electron and gamma TID irradiation tests.

Electron and 60Co irradiation characterisation of the 2n2222, STRH100N10 and LM4050




• A number of components were tested at high energy electron and 60Co gamma facilities.

• Irradiation tests were performed at high and low dose rates.

• Preliminary results indicate a slight increase in radiation induced parameter drift due to electrons for one component type.

• Preliminary results show limited difference between electron and 60Co gamma induced parameters drift, in most cases.

• If the final data analyisis confirms the above results, no additional EEE Component electron irradiation test may be necessary for the JUICE project.


Conclusions

ESA science missions have stringent science requirements and

associated ESA spacecraft often operate in a harsh environment.

To achieve the stringent mission science goals while operating in the

harsh space environment new technologies often have to be

developed and qualified.

A large number of JUICE R&D activities have been initiated to assess

the feasibility of the mission and develop enabling technologies.

The EEE component related activities are still ongoing but the

availability of appropriate key EEE components has been established

for the JUICE mission.

Work is still ongoing to establish the validity of some RHA related

issues.


For more information:

• For more information please contact:

• Ali Zadeh: [email protected]

• For irradiation test data please visit:

• https://escies.org

mailto:[email protected]

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