the employment situation - april 2020total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 20.5 million in april,...

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-20-0815 8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 8, 2020 Technical information:

Household data: [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps Establishment data: [email protected] • www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2020 Total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 20.5 million in April, and the unemployment rate rose to 14.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The changes in these measures reflect the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. Employment fell sharply in all major industry sectors, with particularly heavy job losses in leisure and hospitality.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note. Household Survey Data In April, the unemployment rate increased by 10.3 percentage points to 14.7 percent. This is the highest rate and the largest over-the-month increase in the history of the series (seasonally adjusted data are available back to January 1948). The number of unemployed persons rose by 15.9 million to 23.1 million in April. The sharp increases in these measures reflect the effects of the coronavirus pandemic

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, April 2018 – April 2020Percent

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Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, seasonally adjusted, April 2018 – April 2020

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http://www.bls.gov/cps

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and efforts to contain it. (See table A-1. For more information about how the household survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note on page 5.) In April, unemployment rates rose sharply among all major worker groups. The rate was 13.0 percent for adult men, 15.5 percent for adult women, 31.9 percent for teenagers, 14.2 percent for Whites, 16.7 percent for Blacks, 14.5 percent for Asians, and 18.9 percent for Hispanics. The rates for all of these groups, with the exception of Blacks, represent record highs for their respective series. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) The number of unemployed persons who reported being on temporary layoff increased about ten-fold to 18.1 million in April. The number of permanent job losers increased by 544,000 to 2.0 million. (See table A-11.) In April, the number of unemployed persons who were jobless less than 5 weeks increased by 10.7 million to 14.3 million, accounting for almost two-thirds of the unemployed. The number of unemployed persons who were jobless 5 to 14 weeks rose by 5.2 million to 7.0 million. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 939,000, declined by 225,000 over the month and represented 4.1 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) The labor force participation rate decreased by 2.5 percentage points over the month to 60.2 percent, the lowest rate since January 1973 (when it was 60.0 percent). Total employment, as measured by the household survey, fell by 22.4 million to 133.4 million. The employment-population ratio, at 51.3 percent, dropped by 8.7 percentage points over the month. This is the lowest rate and largest over-the-month decline in the history of the series (seasonally adjusted data are available back to January 1948). (See table A-1.) The number of persons who usually work full time declined by 15.0 million over the month, and the number who usually work part time declined by 7.4 million. Part-time workers accounted for one-third of the over-the-month employment decline. (See table A-9.) The number of persons at work part time for economic reasons nearly doubled over the month to 10.9 million. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. This group includes persons who usually work full time and persons who usually work part time. (See table A-8.) The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 9.9 million, nearly doubled in April. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) Persons marginally attached to the labor force—a subset of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job—numbered 2.3 million in April, up by 855,000 over the month. These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, numbered 574,000 in April, little changed from the previous month. (See Summary table A.)

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Establishment Survey Data Total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 20.5 million in April, after declining by 870,000 in March. The April over-the-month decline is the largest in the history of the series and brought employment to its lowest level since February 2011 (the series dates back to 1939). Job losses in April were widespread, with the largest employment decline occurring in leisure and hospitality. (See table B-1. For more information about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus, see the box note on page 5.) In April, employment in leisure and hospitality plummeted by 7.7 million, or 47 percent. Almost three-quarters of the decrease occurred in food services and drinking places (-5.5 million). Employment also fell in the arts, entertainment, and recreation industry (-1.3 million) and in the accommodation industry (-839,000). Employment declined by 2.5 million in education and health services in April. In health care, employment declined by 1.4 million, led by losses in offices of dentists (-503,000), offices of physicians (-243,000), and offices of other health care practitioners (-205,000). Employment also declined in social assistance (-651,000), reflecting job losses in child day care services (-336,000) and individual and family services (-241,000). Employment in private education declined by 457,000 over the month. Professional and business services shed 2.1 million jobs in April. Sharp losses occurred in temporary help services (-842,000) and in services to buildings and dwellings (-259,000). In April, employment in retail trade declined by 2.1 million. Job losses occurred in clothing and clothing accessories stores (-740,000), motor vehicle and parts dealers (-345,000), miscellaneous store retailers (-264,000), and furniture and home furnishings stores (-209,000). By contrast, the component of general merchandise stores that includes warehouse clubs and supercenters gained 93,000 jobs. In April, manufacturing employment dropped by 1.3 million. About two-thirds of the decline was in durable goods manufacturing (-914,000), which saw losses in motor vehicles and parts (-382,000) and in fabricated metal products (-109,000). Nondurable goods manufacturing shed 416,000 jobs. Employment in the other services industry declined by 1.3 million in April, with nearly two-thirds of the decline occurring in personal and laundry services (-797,000). Government employment dropped by 980,000 in April. Employment in local government was down by 801,000, in part reflecting school closures. Employment also declined in state government education (-176,000). Construction employment fell by 975,000 in April, with much of the loss in specialty trade contractors (-691,000). Job losses also occurred in construction of buildings (-206,000). Employment fell in transportation and warehousing in April (-584,000). Transit and ground passenger transportation and air transportation lost 185,000 jobs and 141,000 jobs, respectively. Wholesale trade shed 363,000 jobs in April, largely reflecting losses in the durable and nondurable goods components.

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Employment in financial activities fell by 262,000 over the month, with the vast majority of the decline occurring in real estate and rental and leasing (-222,000). Employment in information fell by 254,000 in April, driven by a decline in motion picture and sound recording industries (-217,000). Mining lost 46,000 jobs in April, with most of the decline occurring in support activities for mining (-33,000). In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by $1.34 to $30.01. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by $1.04 to $25.12 in April. The increases in average hourly earnings largely reflect the substantial job loss among lower-paid workers; this change, along with earnings increases, put upward pressure on the average hourly earnings estimates. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.2 hours in April. In manufacturing, the workweek declined by 2.1 hours to 38.3 hours, and overtime declined by 0.9 hour to 2.1 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 33.5 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised down by 45,000 from +275,000 to +230,000, and the change for March was revised down by 169,000 from -701,000 to -870,000. With these revisions, employment changes in February and March combined were 214,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) _____________ The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 5, 2020, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on April 2020 Establishment and Household Survey Data Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The household survey is generally collected through in-person and telephone interviews, but personal interviews were not conducted for the safety of interviewers and respondents. The household survey response rate, at 70 percent, was about 13 percentage points lower than in months prior to the pandemic. In the establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the data is collected at four regional data collection centers. Although these centers were closed, about half of the interviewers at these centers worked remotely to collect data by telephone. Additionally, BLS encouraged businesses to report electronically. The collection rate for the establishment survey in April was 74.9 percent, essentially unchanged from collection rates prior to the pandemic. In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any part of the pay period including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs. Workers who are temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and are not being paid are not counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive benefits. The length of the reference period does vary across the respondents in the establishment survey; one-third of businesses have a weekly pay period, slightly over 40 percent a bi-weekly, about 20 percent semi-monthly, and a small amount monthly. There was a change to the estimation method used in the establishment survey for April. Business births and deaths cannot be adequately captured by the establishment survey as they occur. Therefore, the establishment survey estimates use a model to account for the relatively stable net employment change generated by business births and deaths. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the relationship between the two was no longer stable in April. Therefore, the establishment survey made modifications to the birth-death model. For more information, see www.bls.gov/cps/employment-situation-covid19-faq-april-2020.pdf . In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force based on their answers to a series of questions about their activities during the survey reference week (April 12th through April 18th). Workers who indicate they were not working during the entire survey reference week and expect to be recalled to their jobs should be classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. In April, there was an extremely large increase in the number of persons classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. However, there was also a large increase in the number of workers who were classified as employed but absent from work. As was the case in March, special instructions sent to household survey interviewers called for all employed persons absent from work due to coronavirus-related business closures to be classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. However, it is apparent that not all such workers were so classified. If the workers who were recorded as employed but absent from work due to “other reasons” (over and above the number absent for other reasons in a typical April) had been classified as unemployed on temporary layoff, the overall unemployment rate would have been almost 5 percentage points higher than reported (on a not seasonally adjusted basis). However, according to usual practice, the data from

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the household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses. More information is available at www.bls.gov/cps/employment-situation-covid19-faq-april-2020.pdf .

HOUSEHOLD DATASummary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]

CategoryApr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Change from:Mar. 2020-Apr. 2020

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258,693 259,628 259,758 259,896 138

Civilian labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,546 164,546 162,913 156,481 -6,432

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 63.4 62.7 60.2 -2.5

Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,696 158,759 155,772 133,403 -22,369

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 61.1 60.0 51.3 -8.7

Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,850 5,787 7,140 23,078 15,938

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.5 4.4 14.7 10.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,147 95,082 96,845 103,415 6,570

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.5 4.4 14.7 10.3

Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.3 4.0 13.0 9.0

Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.1 4.0 15.5 11.5

Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 11.0 14.3 31.9 17.6

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.1 4.0 14.2 10.2

Black or African American.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 5.8 6.7 16.7 10.0

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.5 4.1 14.5 10.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.4 6.0 18.9 12.9

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.9 3.5 13.1 9.6

Less than a high school diploma.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 5.7 6.8 21.2 14.4

High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.6 4.4 17.3 12.9

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.0 3.7 15.0 11.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 1.9 2.5 8.4 5.9

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,660 2,723 3,946 20,626 16,680

Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728 777 727 570 -157

Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,899 1,803 1,778 1,477 -301

New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 505 509 389 -120

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,906 2,013 3,542 14,283 10,741

5 to 14 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,835 1,803 1,794 7,004 5,210

15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860 825 808 833 25

27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,227 1,102 1,164 939 -225

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,706 4,318 5,765 10,887 5,122

Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,868 2,776 4,043 9,939 5,896

Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,447 1,317 1,321 697 -624

Part time for noneconomic reasons.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,356 22,175 20,601 12,355 -8,246

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,484 1,440 1,426 2,281 855

Discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 405 514 574 60

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table willnot necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introducedannually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATASummary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

CategoryApr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 230 -870 -20,500

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 199 -842 -19,520

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 56 -74 -2,355

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 2 -7 -50

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 46 -33 -975

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 -34 -1,330

Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 6 -20 -914

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.9 8.3 -3.2 -381.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 -14 -416

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 143 -768 -17,165

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 -3.3 -2.9 -362.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11.8 3.0 -44.8 -2,106.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 -0.4 -7.2 -584.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.6 -0.8 0.3 -3.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 0 -4 -254

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 22 -3 -262

Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 6 -69 -2,128

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4 -6.3 -57.9 -841.9

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 52 -101 -2,544

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 62.5 -64.1 -2,086.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 59 -499 -7,653

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6 -38 -1,267

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 31 -28 -980

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 209 -142 -7,047

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 181 -155 -6,721

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEESAS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 50.0 50.0 49.2

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 48.7 48.6 47.6

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 82.3 82.1 80.2

HOURS AND EARNINGSALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.4 34.1 34.2

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $27.81 $28.52 $28.67 $30.01

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $956.66 $981.09 $977.65 $1,026.34

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.5 112.0 110.3 93.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 0.4 -1.5 -14.9

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.9 152.7 151.2 134.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.7 -1.0 -10.9

DIFFUSION INDEX(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 53.7 28.5 4.8

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 46.7 26.3 2.6

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid

leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent. Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.2019

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Dec.2019

Jan.2020

Feb.2020

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258,693 259,758 259,896 258,693 260,181 259,502 259,628 259,758 259,896

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,097 162,537 155,830 162,546 164,556 164,606 164,546 162,913 156,481

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.6 60.0 62.8 63.2 63.4 63.4 62.7 60.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,710 155,167 133,326 156,696 158,803 158,714 158,759 155,772 133,403

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 59.7 51.3 60.6 61.0 61.2 61.1 60.0 51.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,387 7,370 22,504 5,850 5,753 5,892 5,787 7,140 23,078

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 4.5 14.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 4.4 14.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,596 97,221 104,066 96,147 95,625 94,896 95,082 96,845 103,415

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,951 5,215 9,761 5,105 4,832 4,904 4,962 5,509 9,916

Men, 16 years and over




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,963 81,794 71,810 82,999 84,034 83,940 83,871 82,357 71,916


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,064 4,120 11,010 3,234 3,015 3,147 3,137 3,765 11,223







Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,711 79,448 70,041 80,609 81,390 81,345 81,202 79,832 69,977


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,703 3,726 10,338 2,812 2,618 2,743 2,799 3,344 10,483



Women, 16 years and over




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,747 73,373 61,516 73,697 74,769 74,774 74,888 73,415 61,487


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,323 3,250 11,494 2,616 2,738 2,744 2,651 3,375 11,855







Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,327 70,908 60,124 71,136 72,200 72,097 72,179 70,886 59,947


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,055 2,881 10,666 2,304 2,383 2,415 2,323 2,954 10,966



Both sexes, 16 to 19 years




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,672 4,811 3,161 4,951 5,213 5,273 5,378 5,054 3,479


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 763 1,500 734 752 734 665 843 1,628



1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age


Apr.2019

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Dec.2019

Jan.2020

Feb.2020

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

WHITE




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,036 120,660 104,083 121,964 123,175 123,332 123,189 121,042 104,065


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,591 5,101 16,713 3,947 4,022 3,957 3,957 4,979 17,176






Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,014 62,842 55,863 63,915 64,238 64,341 64,204 63,120 55,776


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,838 2,659 7,732 1,900 1,839 1,938 1,950 2,402 7,869





Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,309 53,974 45,735 54,120 54,827 54,807 54,692 53,878 45,563


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,330 1,921 7,846 1,538 1,602 1,517 1,555 2,000 8,071





Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,713 3,844 2,485 3,930 4,111 4,184 4,294 4,043 2,727


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 521 1,135 509 581 502 452 578 1,236


BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,262 19,018 16,248 19,235 19,712 19,549 19,730 19,208 16,240


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,275 1,438 3,177 1,352 1,238 1,241 1,216 1,387 3,247






Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,827 8,691 7,431 8,823 9,034 8,918 8,945 8,812 7,448


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 713 1,425 628 557 526 554 665 1,432





Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,907 9,806 8,413 9,860 10,094 10,067 10,207 9,830 8,351


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 558 1,584 556 530 550 514 543 1,644



Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 687 573 720 734 728 725 745 612


Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 521 405 552 583 564 578 566 441


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 167 168 168 151 164 148 180 171


See footnotes at end of table.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age


Apr.2019

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Dec.2019

Jan.2020

Feb.2020

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

ASIAN




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,954 10,058 8,476 9,969 10,214 10,017 10,312 10,037 8,499


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 428 1,418 225 264 315 262 433 1,438



1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls areintroduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age[Numbers in thousands]



Apr.2019

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Dec.2019

Jan.2020

Feb.2020

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,289 43,895 43,975 43,289 43,986 43,742 43,820 43,895 43,975

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,474 29,372 27,752 28,561 29,517 29,672 29,852 29,443 27,841

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 66.9 63.1 66.0 67.1 67.8 68.1 67.1 63.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,415 27,531 22,625 27,364 28,286 28,397 28,531 27,672 22,579

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 62.7 51.5 63.2 64.3 64.9 65.1 63.0 51.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,059 1,841 5,126 1,198 1,231 1,275 1,322 1,771 5,263

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 6.3 18.5 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 6.0 18.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,814 14,523 16,223 14,727 14,468 14,070 13,968 14,452 16,133




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,074 14,943 12,817 15,034 15,393 15,571 15,519 15,037 12,776


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 893 2,502 581 483 543 516 807 2,561





Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,381 11,462 9,090 11,337 11,736 11,701 11,834 11,507 9,060


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 746 2,251 433 558 541 607 738 2,288





Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961 1,126 719 992 1,157 1,125 1,177 1,128 743


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 202 373 184 191 191 199 225 414


1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjustedcolumns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with therelease of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.2019

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Dec.2019

Jan.2020

Feb.2020

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,081 9,184 8,688 9,985 9,895 9,621 9,710 9,251 8,595

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.7 45.3 43.3 45.2 46.5 45.9 47.8 45.7 42.8

Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,554 8,439 6,872 9,453 9,379 9,090 9,160 8,626 6,774

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.3 41.6 34.2 42.8 44.0 43.4 45.1 42.6 33.7

Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 745 1,816 532 516 531 550 625 1,821

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 8.1 20.9 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.7 6.8 21.2

High school graduates, no college1



Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,729 33,460 27,557 34,658 34,764 34,861 34,986 33,687 27,505


Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,172 1,682 5,646 1,237 1,330 1,369 1,323 1,545 5,747


Some college or associate degree



Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,405 35,803 30,634 36,199 36,491 36,243 36,209 36,013 30,485


Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,089 1,453 5,301 1,149 1,018 1,040 1,116 1,368 5,376


Bachelor’s degree and higher2



Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,235 59,405 55,151 57,150 58,778 59,002 58,736 59,000 55,084


Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,099 1,484 4,924 1,211 1,160 1,174 1,158 1,487 5,043


1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of theindependent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,and sex, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,903 18,544 17,022 16,644 1,881 1,900

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,337 8,944 8,219 7,854 1,118 1,090

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 48.2 48.3 47.2 59.4 57.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,120 7,894 8,049 6,956 1,072 938

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 42.6 47.3 41.8 57.0 49.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 1,050 171 898 46 152

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 11.7 2.1 11.4 4.1 14.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,566 9,600 8,803 8,790 763 810

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,248 4,453 3,552 3,710 697 743

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,390 3,478 2,913 2,949 477 530


Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,331 3,025 2,880 2,601 451 424


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 453 33 347 26 106


Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 975 639 761 220 213

Gulf War-era I veterans




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,360 2,100 2,011 1,817 349 283


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 160 45 129 8 32


Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705 816 538 617 168 198

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,442 1,073 1,373 1,043 70 31


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 221 33 220 5 1

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 17.0 2.3 17.4 7.3 –


Veterans of other service periods




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,986 1,696 1,785 1,495 201 201


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 216 60 203 7 13



NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230,997 232,724 103,613 104,740 127,385 127,985

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,960 145,311 76,873 74,246 74,087 71,065


Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,047 124,330 74,093 64,288 71,953 60,042


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,913 20,980 2,780 9,958 2,133 11,023


Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,038 87,414 26,740 30,494 53,298 56,920

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in theU.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other serviceperiods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of theselected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values notshown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonallyadjusted[Numbers in thousands]


Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,770 29,846 227,923 230,051

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,384 5,923 155,713 149,907

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 19.8 68.3 65.2

Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,978 4,805 150,731 128,520

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 16.1 66.1 55.9

Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 1,117 4,982 21,387

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 18.9 3.2 14.3

Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,386 23,923 72,210 80,143

Men, 16 to 64 years



Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,522 2,096 74,947 64,877


Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 515 2,682 9,680



Women, 16 to 64 years



Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,249 1,731 66,927 55,927


Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 426 2,039 10,275



Both sexes, 65 years and over



Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,208 978 8,857 7,717


Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 177 260 1,432



NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficultyseeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, oremotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such asvisiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually withthe release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,527 42,504 21,187 20,489 22,340 22,015

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,439 26,285 16,521 15,238 11,918 11,047

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 61.8 78.0 74.4 53.3 50.2

Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,660 21,961 16,122 12,908 11,539 9,053

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 51.7 76.1 63.0 51.7 41.1

Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779 4,324 400 2,330 379 1,994

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 16.5 2.4 15.3 3.2 18.1

Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,088 16,219 4,665 5,251 10,422 10,968

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215,166 217,392 103,927 105,218 111,239 112,174

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,657 129,545 69,506 67,582 64,151 61,963

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 59.6 66.9 64.2 57.7 55.2

Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,049 111,365 66,842 58,902 62,208 52,463

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 51.2 64.3 56.0 55.9 46.8

Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,608 18,180 2,664 8,680 1,944 9,500

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 14.0 3.8 12.8 3.0 15.3

Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,509 87,847 34,421 37,636 47,087 50,211

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United Statesor one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were bornin the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status[In thousands]

Category


Apr.2019

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Dec.2019

Jan.2020

Feb.2020

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,281 2,263 2,303 2,389 2,533 2,412 2,466 2,399 2,424

Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571 1,580 1,585 1,661 1,849 1,750 1,829 1,715 1,695

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . 687 661 693 693 684 647 645 660 701

Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 22 25 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,429 152,904 131,023 154,369 156,241 156,337 156,283 153,359 131,052

Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,849 144,149 123,485 145,694 147,431 147,467 147,347 144,494 123,401

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,189 21,414 19,485 20,848 21,323 21,390 20,943 21,081 19,156

Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,661 122,735 104,001 124,876 126,069 126,042 126,282 123,412 104,200

Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 712 492 – – – – – –

Other industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,835 122,023 103,509 124,046 125,250 125,234 125,487 122,693 103,713

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . 8,543 8,717 7,514 8,559 8,821 8,808 8,897 8,818 7,544

Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 37 23 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,483 5,879 10,684 4,706 4,148 4,182 4,318 5,765 10,887

Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,782 4,159 9,843 2,868 2,657 2,655 2,776 4,043 9,939

Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,473 1,404 728 1,447 1,215 1,294 1,317 1,321 697

Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,160 20,764 13,149 21,356 21,586 22,154 22,175 20,601 12,355

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,424 5,788 10,524 4,645 4,111 4,091 4,225 5,681 10,730

Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,750 4,090 9,694 2,834 2,613 2,580 2,719 3,965 9,780

Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,461 1,392 723 1,437 1,209 1,308 1,313 1,312 695

Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,830 20,392 12,779 21,008 21,180 21,784 21,770 20,236 11,971

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustmentof the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-9. Selected employment indicators[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic


Apr.2019

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Dec.2019

Jan.2020

Feb.2020

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,710 155,167 133,326 156,696 158,803 158,714 158,759 155,772 133,403

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,672 4,811 3,161 4,951 5,213 5,273 5,378 5,054 3,479

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,543 1,636 1,101 1,728 1,874 1,949 1,972 1,800 1,302

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,129 3,175 2,060 3,201 3,339 3,311 3,401 3,269 2,154

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,038 150,356 130,165 151,744 153,590 153,441 153,381 150,719 129,924

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,114 13,248 9,951 14,207 14,142 14,214 14,278 13,428 10,023

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,923 137,107 120,214 137,525 139,426 139,215 139,188 137,392 119,906

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,890 100,141 87,910 100,691 101,653 101,487 101,426 100,313 87,769

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,602 35,429 30,456 35,586 36,230 36,129 36,123 35,501 30,453

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,001 33,050 29,658 32,943 33,406 33,412 33,402 33,168 29,607

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,287 31,662 27,796 32,162 32,017 31,945 31,901 31,644 27,709

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,033 36,966 32,304 36,834 37,773 37,728 37,762 37,079 32,137

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,963 81,794 71,810 82,999 84,034 83,940 83,871 82,357 71,916

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,252 2,346 1,769 2,390 2,644 2,596 2,669 2,525 1,939

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821 724 566 894 876 860 891 817 632

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,430 1,622 1,203 1,492 1,766 1,733 1,784 1,715 1,277

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,711 79,448 70,041 80,609 81,390 81,345 81,202 79,832 69,977

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,161 6,688 5,183 7,212 7,152 7,307 7,272 6,818 5,222

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,551 72,760 64,858 73,389 74,217 74,057 73,982 73,159 64,758

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,870 53,170 47,282 53,789 54,005 53,840 53,770 53,374 47,236

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,170 18,957 16,390 19,170 19,364 19,145 19,175 19,002 16,396

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,815 17,687 16,090 17,770 17,881 17,884 17,874 17,790 16,049

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,884 16,527 14,803 16,849 16,761 16,810 16,720 16,582 14,792

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,681 19,590 17,575 19,600 20,212 20,217 20,213 19,785 17,522

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,747 73,373 61,516 73,697 74,769 74,774 74,888 73,415 61,487

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,420 2,465 1,392 2,561 2,568 2,677 2,709 2,529 1,541

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 912 536 834 999 1,089 1,081 983 670

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,699 1,553 856 1,709 1,573 1,578 1,616 1,554 877

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,327 70,908 60,124 71,136 72,200 72,097 72,179 70,886 59,947

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,954 6,561 4,768 6,995 6,990 6,907 7,006 6,610 4,801

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,373 64,347 55,356 64,136 65,208 65,158 65,206 64,232 55,147

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,020 46,971 40,627 46,902 47,648 47,647 47,657 46,939 40,533

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,432 16,472 14,066 16,416 16,866 16,984 16,949 16,499 14,058

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,186 15,363 13,568 15,173 15,525 15,528 15,528 15,378 13,558

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,402 15,135 12,993 15,313 15,256 15,135 15,180 15,062 12,917

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,352 17,376 14,729 17,234 17,561 17,510 17,549 17,293 14,615

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,927 45,901 41,843 45,758 46,177 46,257 46,067 45,920 41,683

Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,414 36,700 32,034 36,205 36,631 36,869 36,597 36,353 31,860

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,698 9,402 7,908 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,212 127,981 113,656 129,816 131,755 131,099 131,109 129,298 114,322

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,498 27,187 19,670 26,943 26,992 27,529 27,726 26,553 19,106

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,765 7,358 5,360 7,849 7,946 8,152 8,070 7,268 5,451

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.7 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.7 4.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,094 6,285 6,405 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,230 9,378 8,207 9,252 9,506 9,455 9,542 9,478 8,245

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sexmarried couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number ofunemployed persons

(in thousands)Unemployment rates

Apr.2019

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Dec.2019

Jan.2020

Feb.2020

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,850 7,140 23,078 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 4.4 14.7

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734 843 1,628 12.9 12.6 12.2 11.0 14.3 31.9

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 354 496 13.7 13.7 11.8 9.8 16.4 27.6

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 479 1,126 12.4 12.1 12.5 12.0 12.8 34.3

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,116 6,297 21,449 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 4.0 14.2

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989 1,281 3,466 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.4 8.7 25.7

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,141 5,007 18,008 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.5 13.1

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,156 3,725 12,909 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.6 12.8

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,422 1,534 5,176 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7 4.1 14.5

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 1,157 3,849 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.4 11.5

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836 1,034 3,884 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.2 12.3

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975 1,276 5,071 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.6 3.3 13.6

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,234 3,765 11,223 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6 4.4 13.5

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 421 739 15.0 13.0 13.5 11.2 14.3 27.6

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 142 168 12.3 14.6 14.4 10.8 14.8 21.0

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 265 567 16.7 12.8 12.9 12.0 13.4 30.8

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,812 3,344 10,483 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.3 4.0 13.0

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 681 1,601 7.7 7.2 6.8 6.7 9.1 23.5

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,234 2,651 8,886 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.5 12.1

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,707 1,951 6,477 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.5 12.1

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720 842 2,711 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.2 14.2

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 584 1,870 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.2 10.4

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 525 1,896 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.1 11.4

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 700 2,409 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.7 3.4 12.1

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,616 3,375 11,855 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 4.4 16.2

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 422 889 10.9 12.1 11.0 10.8 14.3 36.6

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 212 328 15.1 12.9 9.6 8.9 17.8 32.9

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 214 558 8.2 11.3 12.1 12.0 12.1 38.9

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,304 2,954 10,966 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 4.0 15.5

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 600 1,865 5.3 5.5 6.5 6.1 8.3 28.0

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,907 2,356 9,122 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.5 14.2

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,449 1,774 6,432 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.6 13.7

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 692 2,464 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.4 4.0 14.9

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 573 1,979 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.6 12.7

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 509 1,988 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.6 3.3 13.3

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 582 2,671 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.4 3.3 15.5

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 1,065 4,457 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.3 9.7

Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678 1,114 4,811 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.2 3.0 13.1

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 526 1,495 4.9 4.2 5.4 4.1 5.3 15.9

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,687 5,477 16,885 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 4.1 12.9

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,171 1,712 6,194 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.7 6.1 24.5

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred topersons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not anopposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-timejobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff frompart-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustmentof the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment[Numbers in thousands]

Reason


Apr.2019

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Dec.2019

Jan.2020

Feb.2020

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completedtemporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,484 4,441 20,384 2,660 2,686 2,665 2,723 3,946 20,626

On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 2,223 17,878 722 807 742 801 1,848 18,063

Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,910 2,219 2,506 1,938 1,880 1,923 1,922 2,099 2,563

Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,287 1,559 1,951 1,314 1,295 1,289 1,279 1,456 2,000

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . 623 660 555 625 585 634 644 643 563

Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 695 520 728 829 836 777 727 570

Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,761 1,784 1,329 1,899 1,655 1,838 1,803 1,778 1,477

New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 449 271 535 551 557 505 509 389

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completedtemporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 60.3 90.6 45.7 46.9 45.2 46.9 56.7 89.4

On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 30.2 79.4 12.4 14.1 12.6 13.8 26.5 78.3

Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5 30.1 11.1 33.3 32.9 32.6 33.1 30.2 11.1

Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 9.4 2.3 12.5 14.5 14.2 13.4 10.5 2.5

Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 24.2 5.9 32.6 28.9 31.2 31.0 25.5 6.4

New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 6.1 1.2 9.2 9.6 9.4 8.7 7.3 1.7

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THECIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completedtemporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.7 13.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.4 13.2

Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9

New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of theindependent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment[Numbers in thousands]

Duration


Apr.2019

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Dec.2019

Jan.2020

Feb.2020

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,585 3,118 13,880 1,906 2,065 2,059 2,013 3,542 14,283

5 to 14 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,572 2,008 6,728 1,835 1,730 1,755 1,803 1,794 7,004

15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,231 2,244 1,897 2,087 1,998 2,053 1,927 1,971 1,772

15 to 26 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 999 968 860 812 887 825 808 833

27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,234 1,245 929 1,227 1,186 1,166 1,102 1,164 939

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 17.5 7.7 22.8 20.8 21.9 20.9 17.1 6.1

Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 7.3 4.0 9.3 9.0 9.3 9.1 7.0 2.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 42.3 61.7 32.7 35.6 35.1 35.1 48.5 61.9

5 to 14 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.2 27.2 29.9 31.5 29.9 29.9 31.4 24.5 30.4

15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.4 30.4 8.4 35.8 34.5 35.0 33.6 27.0 7.7

15 to 26 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 13.6 4.3 14.8 14.0 15.1 14.4 11.1 3.6

27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 16.9 4.1 21.1 20.5 19.9 19.2 15.9 4.1

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of theindependent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed UnemployedUnemployment

rates

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Total, 16 years and over1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,710 133,326 5,387 22,504 3.3 14.4

Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 63,560 61,152 1,040 5,079 1.6 7.7

Management, business, and financial operationsoccupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,645 26,437 375 1,742 1.4 6.2

Professional and related occupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,915 34,715 664 3,337 1.8 8.8

Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,921 18,042 1,132 6,723 4.0 27.1

Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,295 26,546 1,254 4,599 3.6 14.8

Sales and related occupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,211 12,218 625 2,519 3.9 17.1

Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,084 14,328 629 2,080 3.4 12.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenanceoccupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,141 11,827 725 2,301 4.9 16.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,198 1,079 140 153 10.5 12.4

Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,274 6,549 453 1,529 5.2 18.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 4,669 4,199 132 619 2.7 12.8

Production, transportation, and material movingoccupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,792 15,758 768 3,502 3.9 18.2

Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,534 6,380 340 1,457 3.8 18.6

Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,257 9,378 427 2,045 4.0 17.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflectthe introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classificationsystem is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictlycomparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number ofunemployed

persons(in thousands)

Unemploymentrates

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Total, 16 years and over1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,387 22,504 3.3 14.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,254 19,167 3.3 15.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 77 2.4 10.2

Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 1,531 4.7 16.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 1,992 3.0 13.2

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 1,416 2.6 15.1

Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 576 3.6 10.2

Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 3,223 4.3 17.1

Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 989 3.4 13.5

Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 279 3.5 11.0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 545 2.1 5.4

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 1,697 3.5 9.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 2,552 2.1 10.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647 4,860 4.5 39.3

Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 1,421 2.5 23.0

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 163 7.3 9.6

Government workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 2,017 1.6 9.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . 208 886 2.2 9.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect theintroduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived fromthe 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure


Apr.2019

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Dec.2019

Jan.2020

Feb.2020

Mar.2020

Apr.2020

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completedtemporary jobs, as a percent of the civilianlabor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.7 13.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.4 13.2

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of thecivilian labor force (official unemploymentrate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 4.5 14.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 4.4 14.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouragedworkers, as a percent of the civilian laborforce plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 4.8 14.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.7 15.1

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouragedworkers, plus all other persons marginallyattached to the labor force, as a percent ofthe civilian labor force plus all personsmarginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . 4.2 5.3 15.6 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.4 5.2 16.0

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all personsmarginally attached to the labor force, plustotal employed part time for economicreasons, as a percent of the civilian laborforce plus all persons marginally attached tothe labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 8.9 22.4 7.3 6.7 6.9 7.0 8.7 22.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want andare available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, havegiven a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and areavailable for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release ofJanuary data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

Apr.2019

Apr.2020

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,596 104,066 39,087 42,887 57,510 61,179

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,951 9,761 2,420 4,792 2,531 4,969

Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,417 2,211 742 1,170 674 1,041

Discouraged workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 585 288 309 166 275

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . . 963 1,626 455 860 508 766

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,765 5,360 3,693 2,641 4,072 2,719

Percent of total employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.0 4.5 3.7 5.5 4.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,317 3,202 2,227 1,709 2,090 1,493

Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,098 1,170 738 387 1,360 783

Primary and secondary jobs both full time.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 275 168 145 84 130

Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,045 671 535 381 510 290

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the referenceweek, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacksschooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, andtransportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail[In thousands]

Industry


Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Changefrom:

Mar.2020 -Apr.2020p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,430 151,076 150,583 131,071 150,492 152,442 151,572 131,072 -20,500

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,482 128,040 127,531 108,956 127,939 129,697 128,855 109,335 -19,520

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,884 20,771 20,785 18,622 21,039 21,205 21,131 18,776 -2,355

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732 700 697 646 741 714 707 657 -50

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.9 53.6 53.0 46.6 48.6 54.5 54.6 49.6 -5.0

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686.0 646.7 644.2 599.6 692.4 659.7 652.7 606.9 -45.8

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.8 155.0 155.2 149.3 146.1 156.6 156.6 151.8 -4.8

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.4 182.9 185.0 179.2 192.6 188.6 188.5 180.6 -7.9

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 50.0 49.5 43.7 51.5 50.4 49.8 43.8 -6.0

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 40.5 40.9 40.7 42.6 40.8 41.0 40.8 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining andquarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.6 92.4 94.6 94.8 98.4 97.4 97.7 96.0 -1.7

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349.8 308.8 304.0 271.1 353.7 314.5 307.6 274.5 -33.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,377 7,276 7,328 6,544 7,469 7,639 7,606 6,631 -975

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,629.2 1,636.0 1,640.7 1,453.2 1,649.4 1,689.1 1,681.2 1,475.1 -206.1

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801.3 814.1 818.1 711.4 811.6 841.3 839.7 722.1 -117.6

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827.9 821.9 822.6 741.8 837.8 847.8 841.5 753.0 -88.5

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,064.7 994.3 1,019.7 1,002.6 1,078.8 1,098.9 1,094.8 1,015.9 -78.9

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,682.9 4,645.6 4,667.9 4,087.8 4,741.0 4,850.7 4,830.2 4,139.7 -690.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,052.3 2,036.0 2,041.9 1,791.0 2,079.2 2,124.7 2,112.4 1,815.0 -297.4

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,630.6 2,609.6 2,626.0 2,296.8 2,661.8 2,726.0 2,717.8 2,324.7 -393.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,775 12,795 12,760 11,432 12,829 12,852 12,818 11,488 -1,330

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,038 8,036 8,020 7,107 8,056 8,058 8,038 7,124 -914

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407.4 407.8 406.0 380.8 409.2 410.6 410.1 382.2 -27.9

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.5 413.4 417.0 363.1 419.7 425.6 424.4 362.8 -61.6

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.9 373.5 372.3 336.1 388.4 372.7 371.7 337.4 -34.3

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,490.6 1,478.9 1,474.8 1,367.3 1,492.9 1,483.9 1,477.8 1,369.1 -108.7

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,126.1 1,110.5 1,104.5 1,023.7 1,128.3 1,109.9 1,105.9 1,026.4 -79.5

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,069.1 1,095.9 1,096.0 1,083.8 1,073.2 1,098.2 1,097.6 1,088.0 -9.6

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 159.7 169.0 169.4 169.5 160.3 169.3 169.7 170.5 0.8

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.7 84.3 84.7 83.5 83.9 84.6 84.6 83.7 -0.9

Semiconductors and electroniccomponents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.2 377.7 377.1 373.1 375.3 378.0 377.0 374.5 -2.5

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419.2 432.0 431.7 425.0 420.7 433.1 432.9 426.2 -6.7

Miscellaneous computer and electronicproducts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 32.9 33.1 32.7 32.9 33.2 33.4 33.1 -0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 403.5 404.2 401.9 381.4 404.9 404.5 403.9 383.1 -20.8

Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,732.5 1,746.2 1,743.8 1,316.5 1,733.9 1,742.9 1,739.8 1,318.5 -421.3

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004.6 1,004.1 1,002.1 615.7 1,002.9 998.7 995.5 614.0 -381.5

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.8 385.4 385.6 326.1 388.4 386.4 386.0 326.8 -59.2

Miscellaneous durable goodsmanufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614.6 620.3 618.0 528.6 616.6 622.9 620.6 529.8 -90.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,737 4,759 4,740 4,325 4,773 4,794 4,780 4,364 -416

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,614.2 1,636.3 1,629.6 1,539.3 1,636.7 1,655.4 1,653.5 1,567.2 -86.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.4 107.0 105.0 85.6 110.4 106.5 105.3 85.8 -19.5

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.9 110.4 108.7 88.2 114.3 111.3 109.7 88.6 -21.1

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.9 104.7 104.4 62.4 111.9 105.0 104.6 62.4 -42.2

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.0 362.5 362.9 355.4 365.4 363.6 363.4 355.2 -8.2

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 423.3 415.2 411.7 332.6 425.5 417.2 413.4 334.4 -79.0

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.8 110.2 110.2 103.8 115.2 114.3 113.7 105.0 -8.7

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846.7 849.9 849.5 817.2 848.5 851.1 850.3 819.2 -31.1

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732.7 746.0 745.2 680.4 733.7 746.2 746.0 680.5 -65.5

Miscellaneous nondurable goodsmanufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.0 316.4 312.8 260.2 310.9 323.5 320.5 265.6 -54.9

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,598 107,269 106,746 90,334 106,900 108,492 107,724 90,559 -17,165

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,425 27,481 27,459 24,508 27,671 27,830 27,776 24,719 -3,057

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,878.5 5,902.7 5,906.3 5,552.6 5,893.7 5,934.2 5,931.3 5,568.5 -362.8

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,188.4 3,209.9 3,215.7 3,032.2 3,195.2 3,221.0 3,224.4 3,039.4 -185.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,161.5 2,162.8 2,158.2 2,019.4 2,167.0 2,180.4 2,174.1 2,025.9 -148.2


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail— Continued[In thousands]

Industry


Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Changefrom:

Mar.2020 -Apr.2020p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents andbrokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528.6 530.0 532.4 501.0 531.5 532.8 532.8 503.2 -29.6

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,474.7 15,424.9 15,408.8 13,408.4 15,631.1 15,672.0 15,627.2 13,520.3 -2,106.9

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,027.8 2,050.3 2,048.6 1,711.3 2,029.2 2,063.7 2,058.2 1,713.5 -344.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,299.7 1,308.0 1,298.7 1,034.5 1,302.2 1,309.4 1,301.9 1,037.3 -264.6

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.7 158.2 161.1 126.1 164.6 165.6 165.4 124.7 -40.7

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 562.4 584.1 588.8 550.7 562.3 588.7 590.9 551.5 -39.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 468.5 468.2 459.4 247.3 473.7 470.7 462.0 253.0 -209.0

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 474.9 473.1 469.3 441.8 479.0 475.3 472.5 445.2 -27.3

Building material and garden supplystores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,334.0 1,261.5 1,331.1 1,320.0 1,287.6 1,309.3 1,322.5 1,269.8 -52.7

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,046.0 3,069.2 3,057.1 3,022.8 3,072.1 3,090.2 3,087.2 3,045.2 -42.0

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,043.8 1,053.4 1,050.9 950.7 1,051.7 1,058.3 1,057.0 957.7 -99.3

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928.9 934.4 932.0 894.0 937.4 947.2 944.0 900.6 -43.4

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,273.0 1,263.2 1,229.5 513.0 1,316.8 1,289.1 1,269.6 530.0 -739.6

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and musicstores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534.5 537.1 518.8 339.5 551.4 549.8 535.9 351.0 -184.9

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,958.0 2,969.5 2,978.5 2,916.7 3,026.7 3,046.8 3,055.3 2,987.9 -67.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,038.8 1,044.0 1,041.2 885.7 1,078.3 1,078.5 1,081.6 920.8 -160.8

General merchandise stores, includingwarehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,919.2 1,925.5 1,937.3 2,031.0 1,948.3 1,968.3 1,973.7 2,067.1 93.4

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.1 802.6 790.0 540.8 837.8 820.4 812.9 548.7 -264.2

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560.2 542.4 543.6 510.5 567.7 551.2 550.1 517.7 -32.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,525.7 5,609.5 5,598.1 5,006.8 5,598.6 5,678.1 5,670.9 5,086.8 -584.1

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499.5 508.0 511.3 371.8 500.3 511.2 512.7 372.0 -140.7

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.5 158.9 159.2 157.2 179.6 159.9 159.6 157.2 -2.4

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.7 62.8 62.0 57.3 65.5 64.9 64.3 58.5 -5.8

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517.2 1,503.4 1,500.7 1,419.8 1,530.5 1,527.3 1,523.9 1,435.6 -88.3

Transit and ground passengertransportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516.6 520.5 516.6 332.4 502.0 508.2 503.3 318.0 -185.3

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.8 50.4 51.3 50.4 51.0 50.5 51.4 50.5 -0.9

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 31.5 28.0 27.8 12.6 36.0 36.7 35.4 13.9 -21.5

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 749.1 762.2 753.9 687.8 751.0 763.8 756.5 689.6 -66.9

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746.9 816.8 808.5 786.7 797.5 847.8 846.7 848.5 1.8

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,169.9 1,198.5 1,206.8 1,130.8 1,185.2 1,207.8 1,217.1 1,143.0 -74.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546.5 543.9 545.7 539.7 548.0 546.1 546.4 543.1 -3.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,832 2,881 2,876 2,629 2,845 2,894 2,890 2,636 -254

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 750.7 767.8 768.4 749.9 755.9 770.0 771.7 754.6 -17.1

Motion picture and sound recordingindustries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437.4 444.7 442.6 240.4 437.8 456.3 452.3 235.8 -216.5

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.8 263.9 262.8 250.3 266.9 263.3 262.3 250.3 -12.0

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711.0 701.2 698.5 689.4 716.2 700.5 697.7 694.6 -3.1

Data processing, hosting and relatedservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334.7 349.4 348.2 344.0 335.5 349.6 349.0 342.5 -6.5

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.1 353.9 355.2 355.4 333.1 354.4 357.4 357.9 0.5

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,678 8,797 8,794 8,536 8,721 8,845 8,842 8,580 -262

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,387.5 6,474.4 6,477.8 6,425.8 6,408.6 6,486.4 6,491.0 6,451.1 -39.9

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.8 19.1 19.6 19.6 19.9 19.3 19.6 19.7 0.1

Credit intermediation and relatedactivities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,635.0 2,673.6 2,676.7 2,642.8 2,645.3 2,680.5 2,684.3 2,653.1 -31.2

Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,770.8 1,786.3 1,783.7 1,772.5 1,774.7 1,788.1 1,785.8 1,776.4 -9.4

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,388.7 1,394.7 1,391.5 1,385.0 1,391.5 1,393.8 1,391.2 1,386.7 -4.5

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 565.4 582.6 584.8 572.0 570.9 587.2 589.7 577.7 -12.0

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 298.8 304.7 308.2 298.3 299.6 305.2 308.8 299.0 -9.8

Securities, commodity contracts,investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 957.7 965.8 965.7 960.1 961.5 968.8 969.6 965.2 -4.4

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,775.0 2,815.9 2,815.8 2,803.3 2,781.9 2,817.8 2,817.5 2,813.1 -4.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,290.4 2,322.3 2,316.6 2,109.7 2,312.0 2,358.5 2,350.7 2,128.8 -221.9

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,696.0 1,732.1 1,728.2 1,634.7 1,707.5 1,750.0 1,747.8 1,646.5 -101.3

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571.4 566.9 565.1 452.3 581.2 584.8 579.4 459.2 -120.2



Industry


Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Changefrom:

Mar.2020 -Apr.2020p

Real estate and rental and leasing -Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.0 23.3 23.3 22.7 23.3 23.7 23.5 23.1 -0.4

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,169 21,246 21,186 19,264 21,226 21,529 21,460 19,332 -2,128

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,522.1 9,760.4 9,730.6 9,209.9 9,477.7 9,687.0 9,702.7 9,193.7 -509.0

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,140.6 1,156.0 1,156.5 1,092.1 1,146.0 1,162.7 1,161.6 1,097.6 -64.0

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,102.3 1,144.8 1,142.8 1,058.6 1,018.5 1,038.0 1,042.5 974.9 -67.6

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,495.1 1,522.9 1,521.5 1,443.4 1,507.0 1,539.8 1,539.4 1,454.2 -85.2

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.1 143.6 142.9 128.4 143.8 145.1 144.4 129.1 -15.3

Computer systems design and relatedservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,179.3 2,250.5 2,228.1 2,155.5 2,185.1 2,252.7 2,254.6 2,161.4 -93.2

Management and technical consultingservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,510.0 1,549.6 1,544.3 1,474.7 1,518.5 1,561.1 1,562.7 1,484.2 -78.5

Scientific research and developmentservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716.9 743.9 746.8 726.5 720.8 749.5 750.9 730.8 -20.1

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.7 491.1 487.5 451.1 489.4 492.6 490.0 452.0 -38.0

Other professional and technical services. . . 745.1 758.0 760.2 679.6 748.6 766.1 766.8 682.5 -84.3

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,406.1 2,433.4 2,434.7 2,351.5 2,417.0 2,447.3 2,447.3 2,365.4 -81.9

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,241.2 9,052.6 9,021.1 7,702.5 9,331.4 9,395.0 9,309.6 7,773.2 -1,536.4

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,794.2 8,593.4 8,560.9 7,251.3 8,881.1 8,928.0 8,842.5 7,319.2 -1,523.3

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 524.5 526.4 525.6 488.1 525.1 530.3 529.7 489.3 -40.4

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.1 163.3 164.0 153.2 162.5 164.3 164.7 153.8 -10.9

Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,558.2 3,499.4 3,465.0 2,581.1 3,631.2 3,650.2 3,587.5 2,641.7 -945.8

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,886.0 2,804.6 2,773.9 1,985.1 2,950.8 2,939.8 2,881.9 2,040.0 -841.9

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873.4 869.9 862.6 769.0 882.4 869.4 867.2 773.7 -93.5

Travel arrangement and reservationservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218.5 218.5 211.2 172.5 218.0 222.5 212.4 172.4 -40.0

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 952.8 965.7 957.6 883.1 956.1 970.2 965.6 888.3 -77.3

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,167.8 2,009.7 2,036.9 1,918.9 2,169.5 2,178.8 2,175.4 1,916.0 -259.4

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336.9 340.5 338.0 285.4 336.2 342.3 340.0 284.0 -56.0

Waste management and remediationservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447.0 459.2 460.2 451.2 450.3 467.0 467.1 454.0 -13.1

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,206 24,711 24,600 22,111 24,046 24,586 24,485 21,941 -2,544

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,907.5 3,995.5 3,933.3 3,506.1 3,740.1 3,828.5 3,791.6 3,334.5 -457.1

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,298.7 20,715.4 20,666.3 18,604.5 20,306.0 20,757.7 20,693.6 18,606.7 -2,086.9

Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,172.5 16,463.3 16,433.7 15,005.8 16,200.7 16,507.2 16,468.7 15,032.4 -1,436.3

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,640.7 7,831.4 7,799.3 6,618.9 7,648.7 7,855.2 7,815.0 6,626.7 -1,188.3

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,650.0 2,716.9 2,702.4 2,458.9 2,655.8 2,722.9 2,707.7 2,464.4 -243.3

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966.4 972.9 957.5 455.4 968.0 977.0 959.3 456.0 -503.3

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 961.0 985.1 975.8 773.3 961.2 987.8 980.2 775.1 -205.1

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957.5 979.0 984.0 895.9 957.6 980.2 982.7 894.8 -87.9

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 280.1 289.2 288.7 257.1 280.2 289.6 289.1 257.9 -31.2

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,513.6 1,565.2 1,570.8 1,482.2 1,514.1 1,572.4 1,575.3 1,481.7 -93.6

Other ambulatory health careservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.1 323.1 320.1 296.1 311.8 325.3 320.7 296.8 -23.9

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,168.9 5,255.6 5,261.5 5,123.4 5,178.3 5,261.0 5,264.9 5,130.0 -134.9

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,362.9 3,376.3 3,372.9 3,263.5 3,373.7 3,391.0 3,388.8 3,275.7 -113.1

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,593.0 1,586.0 1,582.0 1,536.4 1,599.1 1,592.2 1,590.2 1,543.0 -47.2

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 644.8 650.7 651.5 624.7 645.9 653.0 653.4 626.5 -26.9

Community care facilities for theelderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962.1 973.0 972.6 940.8 965.0 977.9 977.7 944.3 -33.4

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 163.0 166.6 166.8 161.6 163.7 167.9 167.5 161.9 -5.6

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,126.2 4,252.1 4,232.6 3,598.7 4,105.3 4,250.5 4,224.9 3,574.3 -650.6

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,594.2 2,697.4 2,693.9 2,463.3 2,590.6 2,699.9 2,698.0 2,456.7 -241.3

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 182.4 185.3 185.7 175.5 182.7 186.0 185.6 176.4 -9.2

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 321.1 323.4 319.3 256.6 322.7 326.0 321.8 257.9 -63.9

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,028.5 1,046.0 1,033.7 703.3 1,009.4 1,038.6 1,019.5 683.3 -336.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,406 16,264 15,965 8,655 16,507 16,867 16,368 8,715 -7,653

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,369.9 2,260.6 2,270.4 1,100.0 2,421.3 2,472.4 2,447.2 1,124.4 -1,322.8

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 537.1 474.8 470.4 284.8 517.0 511.7 496.4 279.4 -217.0

Museums, historical sites, and similarinstitutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.2 160.3 162.8 127.5 172.4 175.2 173.3 129.5 -43.8



Industry


Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Changefrom:

Mar.2020 -Apr.2020p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,663.6 1,625.5 1,637.2 687.7 1,731.9 1,785.5 1,777.5 715.5 -1,062.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,036.0 14,003.4 13,694.5 7,555.1 14,085.6 14,394.1 13,920.6 7,590.3 -6,330.3

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,020.2 2,002.0 1,976.3 1,157.4 2,066.8 2,091.0 2,045.0 1,206.0 -839.0

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,015.8 12,001.4 11,718.2 6,397.7 12,018.8 12,303.1 11,875.6 6,384.3 -5,491.3

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,882 5,889 5,866 4,631 5,884 5,941 5,903 4,636 -1,267

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,351.8 1,373.2 1,368.7 1,154.7 1,347.0 1,378.6 1,370.9 1,151.0 -219.9

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,529.9 1,515.9 1,498.2 717.0 1,525.9 1,537.2 1,512.2 715.3 -796.9

Membership associations and organizations. . . 3,000.7 2,999.6 2,999.1 2,758.8 3,011.3 3,025.6 3,019.5 2,769.4 -250.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,948 23,036 23,052 22,115 22,553 22,745 22,717 21,737 -980

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,815.0 2,848.0 2,866.0 2,874.0 2,823.0 2,867.0 2,886.0 2,887.0 1.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,210.0 2,252.7 2,270.6 2,278.7 2,217.2 2,265.3 2,285.8 2,286.4 0.6

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.6 595.1 595.0 595.2 605.8 601.6 599.8 600.3 0.5

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,339.0 5,344.0 5,299.0 5,119.0 5,169.0 5,199.0 5,153.0 4,973.0 -180.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,657.7 2,645.9 2,599.4 2,425.5 2,487.4 2,489.9 2,447.8 2,271.7 -176.1

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,680.8 2,698.3 2,699.7 2,693.2 2,681.8 2,709.3 2,705.1 2,700.8 -4.3

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,794.0 14,844.0 14,887.0 14,122.0 14,561.0 14,679.0 14,678.0 13,877.0 -801.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,311.0 8,333.6 8,353.0 7,891.4 7,994.9 8,042.0 8,037.0 7,568.2 -468.8

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,482.9 6,510.7 6,534.3 6,230.3 6,565.7 6,636.8 6,640.6 6,308.3 -332.3

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industrysector, seasonally adjusted

IndustryApr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.4 34.1 34.2

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.3 40.4 40.1 38.3

Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 45.6 45.2 43.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.2 39.3 39.1 37.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.6 40.7 40.4 38.3

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.9 41.1 40.8 38.1

Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 40.0 39.8 38.5

Private service-providing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 33.2 32.9 33.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.2 34.1 33.8

Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 38.8 38.8 37.6

Retail trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.7 30.7 30.6 30.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.7 38.2 38.0 37.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.8 42.6 42.3 42.6

Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.5

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.7 37.6 37.6 37.6

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 36.1 36.1 35.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 33.1 32.9 32.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9 25.8 24.2 24.2

Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.9 32.0 31.4 32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.1

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.2 2.9 1.8

Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.3 3.3 2.7

p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industrysector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $27.81 $28.52 $28.67 $30.01 $956.66 $981.09 $977.65 $1,026.34

Goods-producing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.81 29.57 29.62 30.13 1,161.04 1,194.63 1,187.76 1,153.98

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.33 34.72 34.72 34.99 1,559.84 1,583.23 1,569.34 1,508.07

Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.63 31.31 31.33 31.38 1,200.70 1,230.48 1,225.00 1,186.16

Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.48 28.24 28.33 29.11 1,115.69 1,149.37 1,144.53 1,114.91

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.95 29.66 29.71 30.69 1,184.06 1,219.03 1,212.17 1,169.29

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.95 25.79 25.94 26.56 995.51 1,031.60 1,032.41 1,022.56

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.57 28.27 28.45 29.98 918.08 938.56 936.01 1,001.33

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.01 24.68 24.75 25.70 823.54 844.06 843.98 868.66

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.12 31.81 31.81 32.38 1,213.68 1,234.23 1,234.23 1,217.49

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.48 20.19 20.30 21.20 598.04 619.83 621.18 648.72

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.66 25.17 25.19 26.01 954.34 961.49 957.22 970.17

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.55 42.52 42.58 43.28 1,736.79 1,811.35 1,801.13 1,843.73

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.97 43.03 43.28 43.78 1,519.31 1,561.99 1,575.39 1,597.97

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.73 36.85 36.81 37.44 1,347.02 1,385.56 1,384.06 1,407.74

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.43 34.41 34.46 35.71 1,210.17 1,242.20 1,244.01 1,278.42

Education and health services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.49 27.90 27.95 28.30 907.17 923.49 919.56 919.75

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.45 16.85 16.86 18.00 426.06 434.73 408.01 435.60

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.09 25.63 25.69 27.40 800.37 820.16 806.67 882.28

p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls byindustry sector, seasonally adjusted[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Percentchangefrom:Mar.

2020 -Apr.

2020p

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p


2020 -Apr.

2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.5 112.0 110.3 93.9 -14.9 146.9 152.7 151.2 134.7 -10.9

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.6 97.6 96.5 81.9 -15.1 125.8 130.4 129.2 111.6 -13.6

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.0 102.3 100.4 89.0 -11.4 145.8 142.6 140.0 125.0 -10.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.9 103.5 102.5 86.4 -15.7 134.3 140.8 139.6 117.8 -15.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.7 94.1 93.2 79.2 -15.0 119.7 123.6 122.7 107.2 -12.6

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.8 93.2 92.3 76.4 -17.2 119.3 122.8 121.8 104.2 -14.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.1 95.7 95.0 83.9 -11.7 120.3 125.3 125.0 113.0 -9.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.6 116.0 114.1 97.4 -14.6 153.6 159.3 157.8 141.9 -10.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . 103.6 103.9 103.3 91.2 -11.7 134.1 138.2 137.9 126.4 -8.3

Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.4 101.6 101.5 92.4 -9.0 132.0 135.1 135.1 125.1 -7.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.4 97.7 97.1 84.0 -13.5 125.4 130.4 130.3 117.7 -9.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . 124.5 124.6 123.8 109.0 -12.0 156.2 159.6 158.7 144.3 -9.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.1 100.7 100.0 100.1 0.1 136.1 141.4 140.7 143.1 1.7

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.1 95.9 96.1 87.9 -8.5 140.6 147.0 148.0 137.0 -7.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.7 109.0 108.9 105.7 -2.9 150.1 156.6 156.4 154.4 -1.3

Professional and business services. . . . . 120.5 121.9 121.5 108.5 -10.7 163.1 169.8 169.5 156.9 -7.4

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 129.6 132.9 131.5 116.4 -11.5 171.4 178.4 176.9 158.5 -10.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.0 124.2 113.0 60.2 -46.7 161.9 168.8 153.7 87.4 -43.1

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.2 109.6 106.9 86.1 -19.5 148.8 154.0 150.5 129.3 -14.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by thecorresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourlyearnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Total nonfarm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,016 76,291 75,804 64,546 49.8 50.0 50.0 49.2

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,003 63,148 62,667 52,023 48.5 48.7 48.6 47.6

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,688 4,769 4,753 4,207 22.3 22.5 22.5 22.4

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 95 95 93 12.8 13.3 13.4 14.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962 994 990 894 12.9 13.0 13.0 13.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,631 3,680 3,668 3,220 28.3 28.6 28.6 28.0

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,927 1,957 1,951 1,719 23.9 24.3 24.3 24.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,704 1,723 1,717 1,501 35.7 35.9 35.9 34.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,315 58,379 57,914 47,816 53.6 53.8 53.8 52.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,078 11,156 11,117 9,467 40.0 40.1 40.0 38.3

Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,773.2 1,787.2 1,787.0 1,651.4 30.1 30.1 30.1 29.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,758.0 7,767.0 7,734.5 6,450.8 49.6 49.6 49.5 47.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,414.9 1,468.5 1,462.6 1,232.1 25.3 25.9 25.8 24.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.5 132.8 132.8 132.8 24.0 24.3 24.3 24.5

Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,130 1,149 1,146 1,046 39.7 39.7 39.7 39.7

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,946 5,000 5,002 4,864 56.7 56.5 56.6 56.7

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,651 9,897 9,858 8,754 45.5 46.0 45.9 45.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,584 19,027 18,935 16,825 77.3 77.4 77.3 76.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,780 8,995 8,716 4,565 53.2 53.3 53.3 52.4

Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,146 3,155 3,140 2,295 53.5 53.1 53.2 49.5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,013 13,143 13,137 12,523 57.7 57.8 57.8 57.6

p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industrysector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

IndustryApr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,335 106,696 105,740 87,640

Goods-producing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,086 15,165 15,101 13,092

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 514 506 460

Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,558 5,688 5,665 4,808

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,979 8,963 8,930 7,824

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,547 5,529 5,506 4,686

Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,432 3,434 3,424 3,138

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,249 91,531 90,639 74,548

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,405 23,527 23,466 20,707

Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,738.4 4,753.1 4,747.8 4,418.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,341.3 13,375.3 13,330.0 11,470.1

Transportation and warehousing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,887.2 4,961.5 4,951.8 4,385.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438.4 437.0 436.1 433.3

Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,288 2,325 2,318 2,087

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,754 6,852 6,830 6,437

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,294 17,497 17,373 15,328

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,117 21,611 21,472 19,145

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,516 14,812 14,327 7,134

Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,875 4,907 4,853 3,710

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisoryemployees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarmpayrolls.

p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on privatenonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

IndustryApr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.7 33.4 33.5

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 41.0 40.8 38.7

Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.3 45.6 45.5 43.0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.8 39.6 39.6 38.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 41.6 41.3 38.7

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.0 41.9 41.5 38.4

Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1 41.2 41.1 39.1

Private service-providing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 32.5 32.1 32.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 34.1 33.9 33.6

Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.7 38.6 38.4 37.0

Retail trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.5 30.6 30.6 30.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 38.3 37.9 37.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 43.0 42.7 42.4

Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 35.2 35.3 35.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 36.8 36.7 36.7

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4 35.5 35.4 35.2

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 32.3 32.2 31.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.7 24.7 22.8 22.4

Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 31.0 30.5 31.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.0 3.9 2.7

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.1 3.9 2.5

Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.0


p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on privatenonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $23.33 $23.96 $24.08 $25.12 $786.22 $807.45 $804.27 $841.52

Goods-producing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.60 25.17 25.24 25.25 1,013.52 1,031.97 1,029.79 977.18

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.88 30.97 30.88 30.99 1,413.32 1,412.23 1,405.04 1,332.57

Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.45 28.97 29.06 28.74 1,132.31 1,147.21 1,150.78 1,097.87

Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.96 22.52 22.57 22.76 913.54 936.83 932.14 880.81

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.88 23.51 23.56 23.68 960.96 985.07 977.74 909.31

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.44 20.89 20.97 21.41 840.08 860.67 861.87 837.13

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.07 23.71 23.83 25.10 747.47 770.58 764.94 818.26

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.53 20.94 20.94 21.66 695.97 714.05 709.87 727.78

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.98 26.25 26.34 26.83 1,005.43 1,013.25 1,011.46 992.71

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.49 16.94 17.00 17.61 502.95 518.36 520.20 538.87

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.38 22.76 22.60 23.33 850.44 871.71 856.54 865.54

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.78 37.80 37.85 38.11 1,552.12 1,625.40 1,616.20 1,615.86

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.41 34.55 34.62 35.58 1,179.37 1,216.16 1,222.09 1,273.76

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.50 28.25 28.30 28.72 1,014.75 1,039.60 1,038.61 1,054.02

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.52 28.43 28.49 29.73 974.21 1,009.27 1,008.55 1,046.50

Education and health services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.14 24.80 24.87 25.33 777.31 801.04 800.81 802.96

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.38 14.90 14.63 14.71 355.19 368.03 333.56 329.50

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.27 21.84 21.91 23.10 655.12 677.04 668.26 720.72


p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees onprivate nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p


2020 -Apr.

2020p

Apr.2019

Feb.2020

Mar.2020p

Apr.2020p


2020 -Apr.

2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.3 119.8 117.7 97.8 -16.9 184.4 191.9 189.4 164.3 -13.3

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.0 95.0 94.2 77.4 -17.8 143.1 146.4 145.5 119.7 -17.7

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.0 124.6 122.3 105.1 -14.1 239.8 224.3 219.7 189.4 -13.8

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.8 112.8 112.3 92.0 -18.1 170.2 176.4 176.3 142.7 -19.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.7 85.6 84.7 69.5 -17.9 123.1 126.1 125.0 103.5 -17.2

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.5 87.0 85.9 67.6 -21.3 125.0 127.8 126.3 100.0 -20.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.1 83.4 82.9 72.3 -12.8 120.0 123.1 122.9 109.4 -11.0

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.6 126.7 124.0 103.5 -16.5 197.1 206.1 202.6 178.3 -12.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . 111.0 112.2 111.2 97.3 -12.5 162.8 167.9 166.5 150.6 -9.5

Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.8 108.9 108.2 97.0 -10.4 166.9 168.7 168.2 153.6 -8.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.0 103.6 103.2 88.8 -14.0 145.5 150.3 150.4 134.0 -10.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . 140.6 143.8 142.0 123.1 -13.3 200.2 208.3 204.3 182.9 -10.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.6 96.1 95.2 94.0 -1.3 145.2 151.6 150.4 149.5 -0.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.2 93.4 93.4 85.3 -8.7 152.5 159.8 160.1 150.2 -6.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.3 118.7 118.0 111.2 -5.8 198.5 206.3 205.4 196.5 -4.3

Professional and business services. . . . . 136.9 138.9 137.5 120.6 -12.3 224.0 234.8 233.0 213.3 -8.5

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 145.0 148.8 147.4 129.4 -12.2 231.0 243.6 242.0 216.3 -10.6

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.3 134.0 119.7 58.5 -51.1 214.5 226.8 198.8 97.8 -50.8

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.3 106.7 103.8 81.2 -21.8 163.2 169.8 165.7 136.6 -17.6


2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by thecorresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourlyearnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary


the employment situation - april 2020total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 20.5 million in april,...

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