the effect of social networking sites in causing intellectual deviation from qassim...

International Journal of Asian Social Science, 2016, 6(11): 630-643

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DOI: 10.18488/journal.1/2016.6.11/1.11.630.643

ISSN(e): 2224-4441/ISSN(p): 2226-5139

© 2016 AESS Publications. All Rights Reserved.

THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES IN CAUSING INTELLECTUAL DEVIATION FROM QASSIM UNIVERSITY' STUDENTS PERSPECTIVE

Hend Sam'an Ibrahim Al- Smadi1 1Faculty of Education, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT

The study aims to shed the light on the effect of social networking sites in causing Intellectual deviation for the

students of Qassim University. The researcher used analytical-descriptive method. The sample consists of (730) male

and female students in Qassim University. The results revealed to that There is a statistical difference at (α= 0.05)

due to the effect of gender. Also, there is a variance in means and standard deviations of the sample responses due to

the variance between variables: gender and period of use. The researcher recommends with Collaborating between

societal institutions to contribute in enhancing intellectual security for youth and defend against all types of

intellectual deviation.


Keywords: Social networking sites, Intellectual security (IS), Intellectual deviation, Effect, Students perspective, Qassim University.

Contribution/ Originality

This study is one of very few studies which shed the light on the effect of social networking sites in causing

Intellectual deviation, which Contributes in creation a moderate thought away from extremism, as well as making the

youth able to distinguish between right and wrong. Moreover, our communities are also in dire need to keep stability

and cohesion to confront the surrounding changes. This through the consolidation of intellectual security.

1. INTRODUCTION

Recently, Social media have witnessed a huge demand and use by all segments of the society, especially the

younger generation. Such sites have become tools for exchanging ideas and opinions and forums for discussion. As

well, to crowd supporters for the same ideas, so it became a prominent tool for change in all levels and factors, a

channel for decision-making and formation of intellectual awareness in communities as a whole. Based upon the fact

that youth have become not able to distinguish between truth and falsehood, and what's right and wrong because of

some intellectual crisis that have emerged like: deviations of thought, extremism and terrorism. And what have

accompanied that like: murders, terrorism, intimidating others, bombing facilities, stealing others money and property

and threatening the security of the countries around the globe (Aseiry, 2003).

Protecting the youth minds and thought is the fundamental basis for achieving security and stability in any

society. Balanced ideology is the main fundamental element for keeping security, while Intellectual deviation is one

of the most significant threats to security and order. It aims at destabilizing the intellectual convictions, fundamentals

of faith and moral social and social standards. No doubt that all the intellectual and behavioral deviations are based

usually on a deviated ideology. Due to the fact that, intellectual security is the way to keep the nation safety and

International Journal of Asian Social Science

ISSN(e): 2224-4441/ISSN(p): 2226-5139

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stability, it is important to use perfectly social media to be a tool that achieves both stability and security of societies

(Al-Shahri, 2011).

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia gives a great importance to the issue of intellectual security in all internal and

external levels, and that is represented in the efforts that made by His Highness Prince Dr. Faisal Bin Mishaal bin

Saud bin Abdul-Aziz , the Governor of Qassim Region, who lunched “the intellectual security award” in Qassim

governate for all researchers :academics, intellectuals and students from males and females in order to promote the

concept of intellectual security for students, taking into consideration the great role of education in promoting the

concepts of intellectual security. His Highness also lunched at Qassim University the campaign" Together against

terrorism and deviant thought”. Then His Royal Highness inaugurated the English version for this campaign on the

internet which aims to increase the awareness about terrorism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and stop the youth

from joining prohibited organizations in KSA. His Royal Highness also lunched the program “Fortifying the

Emerging” which is being implementing by the department of Islamic education under the management of education

supervision in the General Administration for education in Qassim. At the same event, His Royal Highness also

inaugurated a number of events and procedural programs for the electronic national Preventive “FATN” which

focuses on the increase of the awareness and protect the students from the deviant thought and even the wrong

behavioral practices.

His Royal Highness lunched the campaign” my way” to fight intellectual extremism. Some activities and

meetings regarding awareness and intellectual topics have been implemented at Qassim University, one of these

activities was a partnership contract with Naïf Arab University for Security Sciences in the field of intellectual

security, this partnership has led to held many scientific seminars, notably the seminar entitled :"Strengthening the

citizenship and its role in fighting terrorism. In addition to that, it is worthy to mention the research chairs adopted by

Qassim University regarding the issue of intellectual security (Al Freddy, 2015).

1.1. The Study Questions

The researcher senses the problem and came up with this study, so the problem can be crystallized by following

questions:

Question 1: What is the effect of social networks in causing Intellectual deviation from Qassim University' Students

perspective?.

Question 2: Are there any significant differences at (a=0.05) among the response of Qassim university students due

to the variables of gender (M & F) and period of use (Less than hour, One hour- three hours, More than three hours)?

1.2. The Study Significance

The importance of this research can be summarized as follows:

• The study focuses on the role that Social media networks play in changing values and ethics. They consider main

tools to maintain national and intellectual security for societies and keeping stability. Moreover, they play an

important role in steering and managing Social and Political mobility.

• The results of this study can benefit huge number of parties of individuals and official bodies, such as: s the

Ministries of Education, Higher Education, the Ministry of Youth and Culture, Media and formal educational

institutions and civil organizations that concern in youth affairs.

• These days, young people urgently need to have a moderate thought away from extremism. This though based on

Islam teachings of tolerance in order to make young able to distinguish between right and wrong. Moreover, our

communities are also in dire need to keep stability and cohesion to confront the surrounding changes. This

through the consolidation of intellectual security that is emanating from the Islamic sharia law.


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1.3. The Study Concepts

Social Networking Sites: are social networks between individuals through online communication that allows

then introducing themselves, interests and choosing their friends list and exchanging ideas, images, and videos via

multiple tools, such as: (Face book and twitter and Whats App and YouTube) .

Intellectual deviation: to abandon thought and belief that emerged form Islam teachings, values, and thoughts.

Also, it represents the tendency toward extremism, fanaticism and negligence.

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. Literature Review

Islam showed great concern to intellectual security. As well as, it considers the safety of individual, family,

society and nation a great necessity. Nevertheless, it is an essential part for humanity in order to gather people in safe

and stability. One of the evidences that assures what has been mentioned earlier a verse from the Holly Qur‟an “And

[mention] when We made the House a place of return for the people and [a place of] security. And take, [O

believers], from the standing place of Abraham a place of prayer. And We charged Abraham and Ishmael, [saying],

"Purify My House for those who perform Tawaf and those who are staying [there] for worship and those who bow

and prostrate [in prayer]."(Al-Baqara, 125).Also in God saying “Who has fed them, [saving them] from hunger and

made them safe, [saving them] from fear” (Qurush, 4).

Prophet Mohammed – Peace be upon him- has clarified that Security is an important requirement for Muslims.

As indicated in the narration by Salamah bin „ Ubayd-Allah ibn Mihsan al-Khatmi, from his father, who met the

Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). He said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah

be upon him) said: “Whosoever begins the day feeling family security and good health; and possessing provision for

his day is as though he possessed the whole world.'' (Al-Tirmidi, H2346).

Prophet Mohammed- Peace be upon him- as it is shown in the hadeeth, that human safety (this includes, body,

money, physicality, and what makes him able to live) is the greatest thing that we can gain. This can be due to that

insecurity changes the determinations of values and morals, as well, it makes money, health, and stability unsettled.

Security is of major importance in our life, as well, life is to feel secure (Darweesh, 2009).

Researchers and specialists have different views regarding security issues in general ,and intellectual security in

particular. Abraham Maslow discussed the topic of security and divided the motives of human behavior into five

motives .Maslow organized these motives hierarchically, he started with physiology needs as a basic motive then the

needs for security in all levels comes directly .After that the social needs then the need of respecting and estimation,

and finally the need of self-realization (Harper and Bros, 1987).

Prince Naïf bin Abdul-Aziz and the minister of interior also identifies the frame of intellectual security as the free

minds from deviant thoughts and wrong belief for community members which may threat the country‟s security,

Achieving security and stability in social life can be through planned programs that based on increasing the public

awareness for community‟s people in political, economical and educational level which are being achieved by State

agencies by its organizations (Nazmi, 2009).

The matter of intellectual security is not a new-born issue rather it existed from a long time from one hand. on the

other hand, it has emerged more recently as a result of several internal and external factors, but the most notable once

is the emergence of social media with all of its types (Darweesh, 2009).

The Contemporary technical development in the field of information technology and communications has made

the world a small village with mixture of different civilizations. Thoughts and information are dramatically

exchanged; this exchange reinforced the intellectual invasion concept in different degrees. It also led to the instability

of the intellectual security .Consequently, an imbalance in the overall security system which hinders innovation and

the development of civilization in communities (Al-Sedias, 2005).


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2.2. The Definition of Intellectual Security

Intellectual security (IS) means to maintain authentic cultural components to face other foreign cultural currents

that may seem suspicious. This means protecting and fortifying the cultural identity from foreign penetration. As

well, it indicates that IS saves minds from outer containment and keeps its maintenance. This era has been marked by

successive developments in various fields, which facilate the rapprochement between communities and peoples. As

well, it led to that cultures became open to each other within mutual influence among them. this made it easier to

enter the foreign intellectual currents including of its pros and cons (Nazmi, 2009).

According to Al-Juhni (2005) IS represents “commitment, moderation, and the sense of belonging to the nation's

culture and values. In other words, it is protecting human mind and the thought”.

2.3. The Importance of Intellectual Security

IS enjoys a great importance, this due to its role in achieving security and stability for communities. This through

addressing and defending against intellectual deviations. as we mentioned before, IS is not a new-born issue rather it

is excited among the old ages and times (Nazmi, 2009).

Al-Sedias (2005) sees that IS plays a major role in achieving moral and religious stability, through the following

disciplines :

• IS concerns about correcting legitimate concepts and terminology and purifying them from suspicious terms.

• Strengthen IS for children in order to be able to interact with the world around with confidence and get

benefit of the other civilizations in various fields.

• IS has an enormous role in fighting terrorism, this through supporting intellectual dialogue that based on

legitimate rooting, intellectual freedom and rationality addressing.

According to Al-Ghamedi (2010) IS has a distinct role in achieving political stability, this through the following:

• Intellectual mobilization, in particularly for young people. This means if intellectual security has been

achieved for them, it would come back with positive impact for community through increasing loyalty to the

political leadership.

• Bringing Islamic brotherhood together through building and strengthen the ties between the people of

Islamic nation

• Achieving solidarity and constructive cooperation for Islamic nation, as well, increasing safety of thought.

• IS has a significant role in fighting crime and prevent it. Also, it enhances the stability of nations .

The importance of IS comes from that it is rooted in the Islamic faith and the basic tenets. It plays a role in

defining its identity and characteristics. An example on that, if you want to build a construction, it is essential to start

maintaining and keeping it from any type of any danger or threat. From there, it stems the importance of IS and it

association with religion of the nation (Fares, 2012).

2.4. The Definition of Intellectual Deviation and Its Impact

Islamic belief is based on the teachings of the Holy Qur'an and Sunnah. So It focuses on integrity and

moderation. As it is indicated in the Holy Qur‟an “ And, [moreover], this is My path, which is straight, so follow it;

and do not follow [other] ways, for you will be separated from His way. This has He instructed you that you may be

righteous” (Al-Ana 'am, 153). Jabir bin 'Abdullah said that: We were with the Prophet- peace be upon him- and he

drew a line (in the sand), then he drew other two lines to its right and two to its left. Then he put his hand on the

middle line and said: 'This is the path of Allah. Then he recited the Verse: And verily, this (i.e. Allah's

Commandments) is My straight path, so follow it and follow not (other) paths, for they will separate you from His

path..."(Narrated by Ibn Majah, H11).

Our god the almighty has warned us from the deviation in belief and thought such as exaggeration and

extremism through direct speech to the people of the book by saying: “Say, "O People of the Scripture, do not exceed


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limits in your religion beyond the truth and do not follow the inclinations of a people who had gone astray before and

misled many and have strayed from the soundness of the way."(Al-Ma‟ida, 77).

According to Al-Khatib (2004) Intellectual deviation is excluded from the ideology regarding what is right and

what is wrong, and seek for spreading ideas that are misleading. This in order to discredit the objectives, goals and

interests in illegal and illegitimate ways to obtain and achieve specific gains. This can hinder the state's security and

stability, by making it prone to violence, extremism and terrorism.

Intellectual deviation is a horrible since it distorts Nations with their identities. It demolishes the meanings of

originality and strengths. Therefore, any nation that doesn‟t faces it, or has no sense of it find itself in a position out

of nowhere and unable to deal and get over this problem (Nazmi, 2009).

Aseiry (2003) explains the main risks of intellectual deviation and its negative impacts on both society and

individual‟s lives as follows:

• It negatively affects the doctrine of the nation, religion and society, including thoughts contrary to the law of

Islam, as well as, its foundations and pillars with the most important being related to basic belief or value;

moderation.

• It is a mean to publish heresies and polytheism, witchcraft, and disbelief that corrupt and ruined faith.

• Distortion of the image of Islam and its noble values of compassion, justice, tolerance and consensus (Shura),

Which lead to alientation or abandoning converting to Islam then start terrorist acts that undermine security and

stability. This leads to discredit Islam and alienate people from it.

• This could risk or shake the principles of the nation and makes individuals hesitant about the convictions of faith.

This, through what deviant currents such as, Secularism, communism, modernity, and westernization publish,

and call for. As well as, other ideas that are contradict Islam, and call into questioning its validity for the current

decade and its relevance and suitability to people‟s life conditions.

• It is a cause for corruption, and threatening the five necessities of which Islam has saved and kept. As well it

leads to set rules and punishments for those violating its sanctity. It is a way to bloodshed and violation and

damage money and property of others. Terrorist operations that are committed by those who have deviant

thought aim at causing corruption either by killing Individuals, destruction of their property and money, or scare

and intimidate them.

• It leads to social fragmentation, separation, and weakness of the unity. As well, it leads split people into different

parties, threatens the national unity and, spread the spirit of hatred among various classes of society. It leads

society to ignorance through encouraging sectarianism, classism and tribalism.

2.5. Aspects of Intellectual Deviation and Characteristics

According to Al-Shahri (2011) the sources of social imbalance that formulate deviant ideology, initiate form:

-Those who hold extremist ideas, a strong desire to exclude others. This may come from their understanding to that

they are the only who understand the facts and things.

- Extremist ideas holders have a mono-way to view facts. For them, everything has only one face and one Path which

is their own way and path.

Those with extremist ideology hold intellectual guidance and convictions, in which they do not want to give up

or waive. As well, they refuse to discuss with others. According to that, extremism can be divided into three levels

(Aref, 1981):

1. Mental and cognitive level, this includes the lack of ability to meditate and think.

2. Emotional Level, including Impulsive behavior.

3. Behavioral level, includes practice violence toward others.


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2.6. Social Networking Sites

MySpace and facebook are social networking sites in which the first was launched in 2003, and the other in

2004. Then Twitter, YouTube, Messenger, whatsapp and Skype were created. Face book is the most famous social

networking site that was created by Mark Zuckerberg while he was a student in Harvard. The aim behind creating it is

to establish a network that connects all Harvard‟s students together (Darweesh, 2009).

Corich et al. (2004) define social networking websites as a Set of images and patterns of E-communication via

the Internet, in which through can send questions or topics as well answers to frequently asked topics, or any

responses regarding that.

Social networking is defined as “system of networks that are established through joining both the user and the

site with the involvement of others people who share the same interests and hobbies”. Recently, Social networking

sites dominate young people's ideas, due to that they are considered a double-edged weapon, some they associate it

with a negative impact on social relations and kinship. Others, believe that it is useful in knowing and bridging gabs

with other culture.

Kim (2010) defines social networking sites as sites that facilitate for individuals forming virtual communities and

participate in content that is created by the user.

Most social networking sits share the same characteristics such as, Profile, profile picture, e-mail, friends list,

matters of interests and dislikes, and the possibility of uploading music, pictures and videos. In Face book, for

instance, users create personal profiles, then they start adding friends through sending friend request to the other

party, as soon as, the other party approves the request, it will be included in Friends List. The users or friends can

post or write a comment or uploading images, music and video clips on their wall. But (with the news provider) gives

information about friends activities (West et al., 2009).

There is an overlap in the services that social networking sites offer. But there are certain aspects that keep like,

focusing on keeping old friendships and make new friends, as a Face book. While, other sites are oriented

commercially, such as (LinkedIn & Xing). Meanwhile, other networks focus matching` between individuals such as

(Match). In other hand, some sites like, My Space focus on linking between people who share some interests such as

music and animals (Boyd and Ellison, 2007).

2.7. The Effect of Social Networking Sites on the Intellectual Security

According to Al-Shahri (2011) E-terrorist groups focus on fueling emotions and feelings of young people, this

through the following:

• Motivational discourse.

• Get use of the international events and injustices that happen to Muslims and link it in arbitrary manner with

some of the decisions that Arab and Islamic countries make, while showing the image of feeble acquiescence

without regard to the legitimate interests.

• The violent groups incite through encouraging atonement .

• Publishing thought and dialogue groups and forums.

• using the privacy options of the e-mails and mailing groups to reach everyone as they need media and

publishing methods that are away of control.

Internet functions for these categories can be summed up in three areas (Al-Alami, 2011):

I: Media: includes moral mobilization, inciting supporters and kind of media campaigns (a psychological warfare).

II: Communication and coordination between members of the groups in many ways, including the employment of

encryption Arts in order not to be caught.

III: Employing software and Internet services in the field of education and training for the members, as well,

exchanging ideas about ways to mislead the security men and matters of weapons and explosives industry.


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The interaction with social media is not just a phenomenon; but it starts to other aspect as it demolishes the

relations and social ties. This can be due to the fact that it has changed a lot the nature of human relations and has

become away instead of direct contact. Moreover, it leads to other impacts such isolationism, hiding personality ,

addiction and alleviate the restrictions and limits that control the behavior. also It has become a break for the

standards and controls (Al-Astal, 2011). This interaction has increased the number of porn sites that led to destroying

values and ethics, spreading of vices, crimes and rumors. Also, it has turned people away from the values, norms and

ethics (Guneta, 2011).

Many political problems have emerged as a result of the use of these sites including terrorism via mail in which

terrorist groups use. Also, other sites that are against some countries policies, or a particular creed or person and

intend to tarnish the image of the state and challenge its stability. Nevertheless, Electronic sites has emerged in which

state borders became nothing through broadcast and spy satellite (Al-Astal, 2011).

Many crimes also emerged such as: gambling, money laundry, robbery, E-crimes, and falsification of data in

which caused by social media (Guneta, 2011).

2.8. Previous Studies

We should point to the rarity of studies that deal directly with the effect of social networks in

causing Intellectual deviation.

Abed (2012) has conducted a study aims at identifying “the role of social networks in orienting public opinion

towards political and social change‟. The researcher has used descriptive method. An instrument has been used to

measure the role of social networks in guiding public opinion towards political and social change and distributed on

(500) students of Palestinian universities in Gaza. The study revels to that; most effective social network is the email.

Al-Suleiman (2006) has conducted a study entitled in “The Preventive Procedures of Thoughts Deviation”. The

researcher has used analytical - inductive method depending on Sharia recourse: Holy Quran, Sunnah and Islamic

faith book, and other resources such as: previous studies, researches and books related to the topic. The results

suggest that Islamic Sharia is an accurate balance that measures human behavior. Moreover, Islamic faith is the first

method of protecting from Intellectual deviation, and the most important protective measures for intellectual

deviation is to commitment to the order of God.

Al-Namlh (2007) has conducted a study titled “The Role of Media on Developing Security Awareness against

Terrorism”. The study aims at identifying the role of new media in increasing the security awareness and the

obstacles that face that. The researcher uses survey- descriptive method. The researcher has prepared questionnaire

and distributed it on (207) individuals. The study has revealed to that there is a need to guide a variety of media

messages to suit different ages and social groups. On the other hand, there are no qualified journalists and specialist

specialized in dealing with terrorism phenomenon, also there is a need to provide media speech that doesn‟t based on

media theories.

Nakpodia (2010) has examined the influence of culture on curriculum development in Nigerian Schools since

education is regarded as the transmission of culture in a process known as enculturation. The study has revealed to

that the primary task of the teacher is using the culture and school curriculum in helping pupils to make satisfactory

adjustments as regards curriculum components and programs designed.

Fares (2012) has conducted a study aims at identifying the importance of intellectual security in Islamic nation as

a component of national security. The study has used descriptive method. A questionnaire has been built up and

distributed on the sample. The questionnaire consists of domains related to the concept, sources and ways of

strengthen intellectual security. The study reveals to that Intellectual security is a central element to national security

by including established curriculum and focus on multi-media means.

http://www.philadelphia.edu.jo/newlibrary/english-books/188-islam/14769-13031




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2.9. Commentary on the Previous Studies and the Rank of the Current Study regarding them

The researcher has used the previous studies to build up the instrument including its items and to suggest a

Strategy to enhance intellectual security for students. .

-The study of (Al-Namlh, 2007; Abed, 2012) address the impact of social networking sites on threatening the

national security in general.

-The study of Fares (2012) focus on the effect social networking sites on national security. Nakpodia (2010)

assures the importance of strengthen intellectual security and protecting against intellection deviation through the

curriculum by using preventive measures as Al-Suleiman (2006) recommend.

-The current study is different regarding to its aim in evaluates the effect of social networking sites in causing

Intellectual deviation but the other studies focus on the effect of that sites on threatening the national security in

general.

3. THE METHODOLOGY

The researcher has used descriptive-analytical method, in which is based on collecting information from the

sample. This method is used due to its suitability to the study purposes.

3.1. The Study Population

The population consisted of all male and female students in Qassim University, in which they were (9347)

students: (3762) males and (5585) females.

3.2. Study Sample

The sample of the study consists of (370) male and female students in Qassim University in Al-Rass

Governorate, The sample is selected through the simple random method, the following table shows the frequencies

and percentages according to the study variables.

Table-1. Frequency and Percentages according to the Study Variables

Percentage Frequency Class

45.4 168 Male Gender

54.6 202 Female

21.9 81 Less than hour Period of use

31.1 115 One hour- three hours

47.0 174 More than three hours

100.0 370 Total

Source: Research Findings

3.3. Study Instrument

The researcher has relied on the questionnaire as an instrument to collect information and data about the impact

of social networks in causing intellectual deviation, the questionnaire entitled in “The impact of social networks in

causing Intellectual deviation from Qassim University students‟ perspectives in”. The questionnaire went through

four stages, which are as follows:

• Reviewing the literature review and previous studies that concerned with the effect of social networks in

causing Intellectual deviation .

• Discussing the aspects of the current study problem with faculty members to benefit from their experience in

determining the measurement domains of the study topic.

• The instrument has initially prepared as a first draft.


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• The instrument has introduced to a committee of professionals for a final modification. The final version has

consisted of (35) items. The researcher has used 5-point Likert scale to evaluate the quality of performance. This

is as the following:(1- 2.33 low), (2.34 – 3.67 medium), (3.68 – 5 high)

3.4. Instrument Reliability

Internal consistency has been calculated by using test-retest; through distributing the questionnaire, then

distributing it again after two weeks on a pilot sample outside the study sample consisting of (40). After that Pearson

correlation coefficient has been calculated between their estimates in the two times of (0.91). Internal consistency

has calculated by Cronbach alpha of (0.93). These percentages are considered fit for the study purposes.

3.5. Instrument Validity

The researcher has checked the instrument validity of the following types:

• Structure validity :

The researcher has calculated the correlation between each item of the questionnaire‟s items with the total degree

of the domain.

• Content Validity:

The questionnaire (in its first draft) is reviewed by a number of professional staff members to provide feedback

and then modified into its final form.

3.6. Study Variables

• The First Independent Variable: Qassim University students. This variable contains: gender (male and female),

Period of use(Less than hour, One hour- three hours, More than three hours).

• The Dependent Variable: Responses of students of Qassim University to the questionnaire (the Instrument).

3.7. Statistical Treatment

The researcher has used the following statistical methods according to the previous variables and aims:

• Means and standard deviation.

• Pearson Correlation to demonstrate the relation between variables.

• Figure out instrument‟s validity and reliability.

• MANOVA analysis.

4. FINDINGS

4.1. Results Regarding Question (1)

What is the effect of social networking sites in causing Intellectual deviation from Qassim University' Students

perspective?

To answer this question the means and SD and the variables of gender (M & F) for the effect of social networks

in causing Intellectual deviation from the Students perspective in Qassim University are calculated as demonstrated in

the table-2.

Table (2) demonstrates that means are between (2.26 – 4.16) where the item No.(30) that states “Contribute in

publishing fad, sorcery and witchcrafts in all its types.” in the first rank with a mean of (4.19) for male and (4.13 )for

female . While the items No. (21) that stats “Clarify Sharia concepts such as loyalty , innocence and governance to

God” in the final rank with a mean of (2.61) for male and ( 2.62) for female .


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Table-2. Means and SDs of the items arranged according to the means and the variables of gender (M & F)

Male Female

T Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Mean Std. Deviation

1 3.97 .938 3.84 .956 1.350 .178

2 4.10 .828 3.90 .941 2.087 .038

3 4.02 .822 3.69 1.000 3.368 .001

4 3.87 1.030 3.67 .871 1.981 .048

5 3.78 1.069 3.71 .986 .625 .532

6 3.78 .944 3.81 .866 -.341 .733

7 3.93 .886 3.58 .996 3.531 .000

8 3.77 1.078 3.66 .901 1.016 .310

9 3.80 .857 3.60 1.014 2.072 .039

10 3.81 1.061 3.58 1.010 2.089 .037

11 3.92 .963 3.81 1.016 1.059 .290

12 3.84 1.040 3.66 1.000 1.654 .099

13 3.86 .915 3.69 1.025 1.715 .087

14 3.98 .932 3.96 .913 .226 .821

15 4.02 .944 4.03 .840 -.128 .899

16 3.77 1.082 3.58 1.068 1.735 .084

17 3.79 1.022 3.49 .937 2.900 .004

18 3.38 1.054 3.33 .888 .537 .592

19 2.97 1.360 2.92 1.231 .367 .714

20 2.87 1.391 2.69 1.329 1.242 .215

21 2.61 1.304 2.62 1.237 -.081 .936

22 2.69 1.322 2.56 1.237 .946 .345

23 2.76 1.305 2.63 1.207 .981 .327

24 4.12 .813 4.11 .803 .191 .849

25 4.10 .891 4.13 .927 -.352 .725

26 3.97 1.046 4.01 .798 -.413 .680

27 4.11 .869 3.82 .891 3.102 .002

28 4.03 .892 3.88 .914 1.626 .105

29 3.98 .979 3.94 .931 .408 .684

30 4.19 .868 4.13 .839 .638 .524

31 3.99 .922 3.82 .902 1.748 .081

32 3.87 .872 3.76 .979 1.096 .274

33 3.99 .889 3.79 .783 2.254 .025

34 3.93 1.030 3.92 .863 .129 .897

35 2.74 1.448 2.71 1.435 .240 .810


4.2. Results Regarding Question (2)

Are there any significant differences at (a=0.05) among the response of Qassim university students due to the

variables of gender (M & F) and period of use (Less than hour, One hour- three hours, More than three hours)?To

answer this question the responses of students of Qassim University on the study instrument according to period of

use variables, as demonstrated in the table below:


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Table-3. Means and SD for the responses of students of Qassim University on the study

instrument according to period of use variables

Period of use N Mean Std. Deviation

Less than hour 81 3.55 .567

One hour- three hours 115 3.60 .550

More than three hours 174 3.74 .599

Total 370 3.66 .582


Table-4. Means and SD for the responses of students of Qassim University on the study

instrument according to gender and period of use variables

Mean SD Number

Gender Male 3.72 .575 168

Female 3.60 .583 202

Period of use Less than hour 3.55 .567 81

One hour- three hours 3.60 .550 115

More than three hours 3.74 .599 174


Table (4) shows apparent variance in means and standard deviations of the sample responses due to the variance

between variables: gender and period of use

To illustrate the statistical significance among the means, MANOVA analysis has been used (table 5).

Table-5. MANOVA Analysis of Variance for the effect of gender and period of use for the responses of students of Qassim University on the

instrument

Source of Variance Squares total Freedom Degree Squares means F value Significance

Gender 1.416 1 1.416 4.286 .039

Period of use 2.697 2 1.349 4.082 .018

Errors 120.931 366 .330

Total 124.979 369


Table (5) illustrates the following:-

• There is a statistical significance at (α= 0.05) due to the effect of gender, where the F value (4.286) with a

significance of (0.039) in favor of male.

• There is a statistical significance at (α= 0.05) due to the effect of period of use, where the F value (4.082)

and in a significance (0.018), to identify the statistical differences between the means.

• Scheffe has used to post comparisons, as demonstrated in the table (6):

Table-6. Post comparisons by using Scheffe for the effect of Period of use

period of use period of use Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig

Less than hour One hour- three hours -.05 .084 .849

More than three hours -.19(*) .078 .046

One hour- three hours Less than hour .05 .084 .849

One hour- three hours -.15 .069 .112

More than three hours Less than hour .19(*) .078 .046

More than three hours .15 .069 .112

*The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.

* Statistical significance at (α= 0.05)

https://www.google.jo/search?biw=1366&bih=634&q=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87+Scheffe&spell=1&sa=X&ei=jtlNVbiOIcj_Up6ngJAC&ved=0CBgQBSgA

https://www.google.jo/search?biw=1366&bih=634&q=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87+Scheffe&spell=1&sa=X&ei=jtlNVbiOIcj_Up6ngJAC&ved=0CBgQBSgA


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Table (6) illustrates that there is statistical significance at (α= 0.05) between (less than hour) and (more than three

hours) in favor of (more than three hours).

5. DISCUSSION

5.1. Discussion of the Results of Question (1)

The statistical analysis results of Question (1) have represented in the means and SD and the variables of gender

(M & F) of the sample subject‟s response to the study instrument of regarding effect of social networks in causing

Intellectual deviation from the students‟ Point of View in Qassim university. The results show that there is a huge

effect of social networks in causing Intellectual deviation .The researcher attributes that to the role of social networks

that play as an instrument to spread social, political and religious ideas as well, promote these ideas and find huge

support for that.

This result agrees with Fares (2012); Nakpodia (2010) and Al-Suleiman (2006) that show there is a huge effect of

social networks in general , and agrees with Al-Namlh (2007) and Abed (2012) that show there is a huge effect of

social networks in the national security in general .

5.2. Discussion of the Results of Question (2)

The results regarding the statistical analysis show that there are statistical differences at (a=0.05) attributed to

(less than hour) and (more than three hours) due to (more than three hours). The researcher explains that to that

student spend many hours in using different sites, this make them able to build a quite sufficient perspective,

experience to recognize its effect this due to their acknowledgment of that. Moreover, the results show there are

statistical differences at (a=0.05) attributed to the gender in favor of Male students. The researcher relates that to the

point that male students use social media more than female students.

6. RECOMMENDATIONS

The Researcher Recommends with the Following

• Collaboration between societal institutions to contribute in strengthen intellectual security for youth and

defend against all types of intellectual deviation.

• Working on Islamic Legislation for Electronic media and finding Islamic websites with moderate and

tolerant perspectives in addressing intellectual issues

• Conducting new studies that shed the light on the role of social networking on intellectual deviation for

Youth and suggesting new methods to strengthen their intellectual security.

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researcher is indebted to Qassim university in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for its support of researchers and

scientific research .

REFERENCES

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change. Al-Najah University Journal For Research – Humanities, 26(6): 1387-1428.

Al-Alami, L., 2011. Membership in social networks and its effect on improving political awareness of Al-Najah university

students. Un-Published Research, Al- Najah University, Palestine.

Al-Astal, J., 2011. Psychological-social problems and behavioral deviations of internet cafes clients in Khan- Younis governorate.

MA. Thesis, Islamic University in Gaza Strip, Palestine.

Al-Ghamedi, A., 2010. Youth‟s values of citizenship and its role in strengthen preventive security. Doctoral Thesis, Naif Arab

Faculty for Security Sciences, King Saud University , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.


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Al-Juhni, A., 2005. Research centers and their role in defending security threats. Arab study center of intellectual security.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: King Saud University. pp: 175-194.

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Al Freddy, B., 2015. Prince Faisal's efforts to achieve intellectual security. Al -Sabaq Magazine, 18(17089): 143-159.

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Nakpodia, E., 2010. Culture and curriculum development in Nigerian school. African Journal of History and Culture, 2(1): 1-9.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Al-Tirmidi, M., n.d. Without date sunan. At-Tirmidi, Revised By Shaker, A. Lebanon: Arabic Heritage Publisher Beirut,

4(156):1556-1557.

Holly Qur‟an, n.d.

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About Researcher :

Dr. Hend Sam'an Ibrahim Al-Smadi is a assistant professor in the Department of Education at Qassim University in

K.S.A , earned a PhD in foundation of education from al - Yarmouk University in Jordan .Her researches

focus on quality in higher education , Educational values , and educational ethics .Can be contacted with her

by business e-mail : [email protected] , or [email protected] . Mobile: 00966532654580

Views and opinions expressed in this article are the views and opinions of the authors, International Journal of Asian Social Science shall not

be responsible or answerable for any loss, damage or liability etc. caused in relation to/arising out of the use of the content.

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