the digestive system … · web view2. 3. give the function of the following: function duodenum....

Aromalyne TrainingLevel 3 Certificate in Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology for Complementary Therapies (ABC)

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Module 10

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY WORKBOOK

Name: …………………………………………………………

Location

1Christina Lyne Ltd©2014


Use the diagram in your handout to help you label the organs of the digestive system and accessory organs. You may also like to use the labels below:

1. 8. 15.2. 9. 16.3. 10. 17.4. 11. 18.5. 12. 19.6. 13. 20.7. 14.



Mouth Salivary Glands Ileo-caecal valve AnusTongue Pharynx Appendix StomachTeeth Oesophagus Rectum LipsLiver Gall Bladder Pancreas

Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)Large intestine (caecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid)

Structure and Function

Complete the chart below giving the structure and function of the following digestive organs:

Organ Structure Function

Mouth

Tongue

Teeth

Pharynx



The wall of the digestive tract has a basic structure consisting of four layers of tissue. Describe each layer:

Layers Structure

Serosa

Muscularis

Submucosa

Mucosa

Oesophagus



Describe the structure and function of the oesophagus:

Structure Function

Stomach

What are the functions of the stomach:

1.

2.

3.

List the four regions that the stomach is divided into:



1.

2.

3.

4.

Structure of the walls of the stomach: Name the three layers of smooth muscle fibres:

1.

2.

3.

What else makes up the structure of the stomach walls?

1.

2.

Gastric glands contain what type of gland cells? …………………………………

List the names of these three types of cells:

1.

2.

3.

What do mucous neck cells produce?..................................................................



What do chief cells secrete? ………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

What do parietal cells produce? ……………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

The secretions of mucous, chief and parietal cells are collectively called:

……………………………………………………………………………………………

In your own words, describe what happens to food when it arrives in the stomach:

Small Intestine



Name the three organs that make up the small intestine and say how long each part is:

1.

2.

3.

Give the function of the following:

Function

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

What is the function of the ileo-caecal valve? …………………………………………



………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

What is the name of the pouch that receives food from the small intestine via the ileo-caecal valve?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Which organ is attached to it? ……………………………………………………………

Draw your own diagram of the large intestine indicating the following structures:

Appendix Transverse Colon Ascending ColonIleum Caecum Descending ColonSigmoid Colon Rectum Anal Canal

Briefly describe the functions of the colon:



Function

Absorption

Mass Movement

Microbial Activity

Colon - Structure



How do the walls of the large intestine differ to those of the small intestine?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

The walls of the colon secrete large quantities of mucus. What is the function of the mucus?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

State the function of the following:

Organ Function

Rectum

Anus

Accessory Organs



Describe the structure of the following:

Accessory Organ Structure

Gall Bladder

Pancreas

Liver

Describe the functions of the following organs:



Accessory Organ Functions

Gall Bladder

Pancreas

Liver

Chemical and Mechanical Digestion



Match the process to the description – chemical or mechanical digestion:

The breaking down of food into smaller particles by physical processes such as chewing, squeezing and churning up.

Food molecules are broken down by enzymes.

Before they can be absorbed into body cells, complex food substances must be broken down into simple, soluble and diffusible substances.

Complete the following chart:

Food substances Broken down by Into

Protease and peptides

Fats Fatty Acids & glycerol

Amylase

What are enzymes and where do they come from?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Complete the following chart:



The main sites of digestion in humans

Glands that secrete digestive enzymes

Names of the enzymes secreted

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Where in the body are the following food groups broken down?



Protein

Fats

Carbohydrates

Briefly explain Peristalsis:

Three liquid secretions help in the chemical digestive process. Name them and say where they are produced:



Liquid Secretion In which part of the body are they produced?

What are the functions of hydrochloric acid?

1.

2.

3.

What is hydrochloric acid a component of?..............................................................



……………………………………………………………………………………………….

The duodenum receives pancreatic juice from the pancreas. What does it consist of?

Explain what happens to the composition of food when it passes from the stomach to the duodenum:



What does bile consist of?



Where is it stored? ………………………………………………………………………….

What is the function of bile?

1.

2.

3.

Composition of digestive waste/faeces

List the constituents of faeces:



1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

How does mucus help in the defaecation process? ……………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

What substance is responsible for turning faeces a brown colour? …………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

What substances help to bulk up the faeces? …………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Give the digestive timings of food in the following:



Mouth

Stomach

Small Intestine

Colon

The role of water in efficient digestion:

Name the three sources where the body can get fluids from:

1.

2.

3.

In your own word, explain how drinking water can help the digestive process:



List some of the signs and symptoms of dehydration:



The Digestive Process

Read the following descriptions of digestive activities and place the correct heading in the correct box. Use the headings below:



Ingestion Propulsion Digestion Absorption Elimination

Faeces consist of wastes, indigestible substances, bacteria, cells, digested materials that were not absorbed. Mass movement forces the contents of the sigmoid colon into the rectum to be expelled.

In this stage, food and liquids are placed in the mouth.

This takes place in the jejunum and ileum (small intestine). Villi that line the inner surface of the small intestine, absorb nutrients from digested foods and pass them into the blood/lymph capillaries for circulation to the body’s cells.

Alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the walls of the GI tract mix food and secretions and move them towards the anus.

This stage is involved in the breakdown of ingested food into small molecules. The processes are achieved mechanically and chemically.

List the function of the following minerals:

Mineral Function



Sodium

Calcium

Potassium

Magnesium

Iron

Iodine

List the functions of the following Vitamins:

Vitamin Function



Vitamin A - retinol

Vitamin B1 - thiamine

Vitamin B3 - niacin

Vitamin B6 – pyridoxine

Vitamin B12 - cobalamin

Vitamin C - ascorbic acid

Vitamin D - cholecalciferol

Vitamin E - tocopherol


the digestive system … · web view2. 3. give the function of the following: function duodenum....

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