D E F E N D E R S O F W I L D L I F E1130 17th Street, NWWashington, DC 20036(202) 682-9400www.defenders.org

THE

CITIZEN’S

WILDLIFE

REFUGE

PLANNING

HANDBOOK

R E V I S E D A N D E X P A N D E D

The National Wildlife Refuge System

The National Wildlife Refuge System is the only

national network of public lands in the world set aside

specifically for the conservation of fish, wildlife and

plants. Comprising more than 500 refuges in 50

states and five U.S territories and encompassing 93

million acres, the Refuge System boasts more units

than the National Forest System and more acres than

the National Park System. Most refuges are concen-

trated along major bird migration corridors (flyways)

and serve as vital sanctuaries for millions of migratory

birds. More than 700 bird species are found on

refuges, as well as 229 mammal species, 250 reptile

and amphibian species and more than 200 species of

fish. The system is also extremely important for imper-

iled species, providing habitat for nearly 250 threat-

ened and endangered species.

The Refuge System is for people, too.

Approximately 98 percent of the system is open to

the public, attracting more than 30 million visitors

annually to engage in “wildlife-dependent” recre-

ation. An estimated 25 million people per year visit

refuges to observe and photograph wildlife, 7 million

to hunt and fish and more than half million to partici-

pate in educational programs.

Acknowledgments

Defenders of Wildlife is grateful to Liz Bellantoni and Ken Edwards of

the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Division of Refuges for reviewing the

manuscript of this handbook and to the National Wildlife Refuge Assoc-

iation and the National Audubon Society for assistance in distributing it.

Author: Tom Uniack, habitat associate, Habitat Conservation Division,

Defenders of Wildlife

Project Manager: Robert Dewey, director, Habitat Conservation

Division, Defenders of Wildlife

Editor and Production Manager: Kate Davies, publications manager,

Defenders of Wildlife

Designer: Cissy Russell

About Defenders of Wildlife

Defenders of Wildlife is a leading nonprofit conservation organization

recognized as one of the nation’s most progressive advocates for wildlife

and its habitat. Defenders uses education, litigation, research and pro-

motion of conservation policies to protect wild animals and plants in

their natural communities. Known for its effective leadership on endan-

gered species issues, Defenders also advocates new approaches to

wildlife conservation that protect species before they become endan-

gered. Founded in 1947, Defenders of Wildlife is a 501(c)(3) member-

ship organization that is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and has

more than 338,000 members and supporters.

Copyright ©1999 by Defenders of Wildlife, 1101 Fourteenth Street, NW,

Suite 1400, Washington, D.C. 20005; 202-682-9400.

Visit our website at www.defenders.org.

All photos courtesy of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Cover: snow geese,

Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge, Delaware.

Printed on recycled paper.

Charting the future

of conservation

on a national wildlife

refuge near you

THECITIZEN’SWILDLIFEREFUGEPLANNINGHANDBOOK

TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION.................................................................. 4GETTING INFORMED .......................................................... 6Issues, Opportunities and the Planning Process ........10Putting Wildlife First ..............................................10Providing Compatible Public Recreation .............11Promoting Wildlife Viewing ..................................12Practicing Science-Based Stewardship ...................12Implementing Ecosystem Management ................14Expanding Refuges and the Refuge System...........15Ensuring Adequate Funding ..................................16Fulfilling the Promise .............................................17GETTING INVOLVED ..........................................................18Important Questions To Ask......................................19The Planning Process ................................................ 231. Preplanning ....................................................... 232. Scoping ............................................................. 24Public Involvement Opportunities ........................263. Development and Analysis of Alternatives and Preparation of the Draft Plan ................... 284. Release of the Draft Plan .................................. 31What to Look for in the Draft Plan....................... 325. Release of the Final Plan................................... 346. Implementation and Monitoring of the Plan ... 35APPENDICESA. Additional Resources............................................ 38B. National Wildlife Refuge System Directory.......... 40C. National Wildlife Refuge System Map ................. 66

3

“We have reason to be proud of America’snational wildlife refuges . . . Yet we have equalreason to worry.” — PUTTING WILDLIFE FIRST, Report of the Commission on New Directions for the National Wildlife Refuge System, 1992

“Let our advance worrying become advancethinking and planning.” — Sir Winston Churchill

merica’s National WildlifeRefuge System is the only national net-work of lands in the world dedicatedfirst and foremost to the protection ofwildlife and its habitat. Administered bythe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the Refuge Systemboasts an incredible diversity of ecosystems and provides criticalhabitat for nearly 250 threatened and endangered species. Withmore than 500 refuges in 50 states and five U.S. territories andsome 93 million acres, the Refuge System has more units than theNational Forest System and more acres than the National ParkSystem. Approximately 98 percent of refuge lands are open to thepublic, attracting millions annually to recreate and enjoy nature. Yet these very important places for wildlife and people havelong been under siege, threatened by pollution and developmenton the outside and harmful uses of resources within their ownboundaries. Under the National Wildlife Refuge SystemImprovement Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-57, US C66dd), some-thing is finally being done about it. This groundbreaking legisla-tion makes conserving biological diversity a goal of the RefugeSystem. It requires every refuge to reevaluate and create a plan formanaging the refuge to meet this mission. And it calls for the pub-lic to be involved every step of the way.Getting you involved is the purpose of this handbook. Itbegins with basic information on refuges, their history and impor-tance, the significance of the Refuge Improvement Act and someof the issues and opportunities likely to arise during planning.Then it walks you through the planning stages, summarizing whatyour refuge will be doing and what you can do at each step.Through refuge planning you have an unprecedented oppor-tunity to improve your refuge, the Refuge System and the conser-vation of biodiversity in America. May this handbook be yourguide to making the most of this opportunity.5

Brown pelican

nestlings, Cedar

Island NWR ,

North Carolina.

Opposite, nature

education, Lake

Woodruff NWR,

Florida.

Refuges are very important places forwildlife and people. More than 700 birdspecies, 229 mammals, 250 reptiles andamphibians and 200 species of fish arefound on refuges in habitats ranging fromarctic tundra to coral reef. And each yearmore than 30million of usvisit refugesto enjoy thisdiversity ofwildlife andhabitat.

I N T R O D U C T I O N A

re you a nature lover? A conser-vationist? An angler? A birder? A con-cerned citizen? A community activist? Aparent? A businessperson? However youdescribe yourself, the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service (FWS) wants you. To be specific, planners at theFWS-administered national wildlife refuge nearest or dearest toyou need your ideas, opinions and suggestions on how the refugeshould be managed. The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act, land-mark legislation passed in 1997, establishes public participation asone of the guiding principles of refuge management. The lawrequires refuge planners to involve the public in developing thecomprehensive conservation plans (CCPs) that will guide refugemanagement for 15 years. What you have to say about your refugecannot be ignored, for not only must refuge planners solicit yourcomments, they also must address them in preparing the CCP foryour refuge. Until the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Actof 1997 was enacted, the Refuge System was the only major net-work of public lands in the United States without an “organic” act(a basic statute defining its mission, policy direction and manage-ment standards). With passage of the act, Congress finally recog-nized the importance of refuges and ended the system’s nearly100-year struggle for identity.That struggle began in 1903 when President TheodoreRoosevelt set aside the first refuge (Florida’s Pelican Island) toprotect a breeding colony of brown pelicans from decimation atthe hands of feather suppliers to the fashion industry. Even as thesystem steadily grew to the more than 500 refuges and 93 millionacres it includes today and established itself as a federal lands net-work of distinction, it continued to be managed under a hodge-podge of laws, regulations and policies. None of these directives7

“Seldom a day passes when a wildliferefuge somewhere in the country is notthreatened by forces that would turn outthe wildlife,” nature writer GeorgeLaycocknoted in his1965 book onrefuges.Throughplanning,these threatsare finallybeingaddressed.

I . G E T T I N G I N F O R M E D A

National Elk

Refuge, Jackson,

Wyoming.

Opposite, swal-

lowtail

butterfly.

habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations.”The Refuge Improvement Act specifically calls for managingthe Refuge System to conserve biological diversity by applying thelatest scientific information and methods to refuge managementand its evaluation and by expanding the system through plannedland acquisition. The act also addresses how to determine thecompatibility of each activity or “use” allowed on a refuge with thepurpose of the refuge and the “wildlife first” mission of theRefuge System. And it requires each refuge to develop a 15-yearcomprehensive conservation plan — with your help.

98

1903 President Theodore Roosevelt establishes Pelican Islandin Florida as the first national wildlife refuge.

1929 Congress allows acquisition authority for refuges underthe Migratory Bird Conservation Act.

1934 Congress passes the Migratory Bird Conservation andHunting Stamp Act, creating the “duck stamp” to pro-vide funds for acquisition of prime waterfowl habitat.

1940 The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is created andcharged with management of national wildlife refuges.

1962 Congress passes the Refuge Recreation Act allowingpublic recreation on refuges if the Secretary of Interiordeems it appropriate.

1 9 6 6 C o n g ress passes the National Wildlife Refuge SystemAdministration Act, consolidating much of the pre v i-ous legislation affecting refuges, recognizing the exis-tence of a National Wildlife Refuge System and statingthat secondary uses on refuges must be compatiblewith the purposes for which the refuge was estab-l i s h e d .

The Refuge System’s Struggle for Identity

defined a mission or established adequate management standardsfor the Refuge System as a whole. Consequently, refuge landshave been vulnerable to livestock grazing, oil drilling, bomb-test-ing and other military exercises, and many more activities thatthreaten the very wildlife refuges were created to protect. The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of1997 consolidates and clarifies much of the existing refuge lawand articulates a system-wide mission statement uniquely focusedon putting wildlife first:“To administer a national network of lands and waters forthe conservation, management, and where appropriate,restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their

1 9 8 0 C o n g ress passes the Alaska National Interest LandsC o n s e rvation Act (ANILCA), adding nearly 54 million acre sto the Refuge System and nearly doubling its total acre a g e .

1989 The General Accounting Office (GAO) issues a reportciting harmful non-wildlife-dependent activities on 59percent of national wildlife refuges.

1991 FWS releases the results of its own investigation reveal-ing harmful secondary uses on 63 percent of refuges.

1992 Defenders of Wildlife and other conservation groupssue the Secretary of the Interior for authorizing sec-ondary uses on refuges without ensuring the “compati-bility ” of these uses as specified in the NationalWildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966.

1993 A settlement is reached forcing FWS to review andmake compatibility determinations for thousands ofuses occurring on national wildlife refuges.

1997 Congress passes the National Wildlife Refuge SystemImprovement Act providing the Refuge System with along awaited organic act.

Providing Compatible Public RecreationAs development continues to devour America’s open spaces,national wildlife refuges are under increasing pressure toaccommodate outdoor recreationists. Snowmobiling, powerboating, off-road vehicle use, horseback riding, camping andother outdoor pursuits not related to wildlife occur on manyrefuges. Many of these recreational uses can become problematicif not adequately regulated. 11

ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THEPLANNING PROCESS The Refuge Improvement Act empowers refuges to confrontimportant issues and take advantage of new opportunities. Someof these are discussed in brief below to prepare you for your partin refuge planning. (For more information, consult the additionalresources listed in Appendix A.)

Putting Wildlife FirstHarmful uses are currently allowed on many refuges. Forexample, at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge in Texas, ashipping lane carries nearly 25 barges per day bearing oil andtoxic wastes within 50 yards of critical wintering habitat for theendangered whopping crane. At Charles M. Russell NationalWildlife Refuge in Montana, 6,000 to 8,000 head of cattle peryear graze refuge lands, destroying wildlife habitat and threaten-ing the reintroduction of the endangered black-footed ferret. AtKenai National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska, oil drilling pads marotherwise pristine landscapes. On dozens of refuges, militaryoverflights disturb migratory birds and other wildlife. Throughoutthe Refuge System, there is constant pressure to allow additionalcommercial uses. In preparing the CC P, refuge managers and planners will berevisiting existing commercial and recreational uses that may beharmful to wildlife and evaluating any newly proposed uses tosee if they are “c o m p a t i b l e” (do not interfere with or detractfrom the purposes of the refuge). You can assist in the processby speaking out against any uses of the refuge that do not putwildlife first.

10

Tagging a wood stork, Harris Neck NWR, Florida.

13

Your refuge manager will be making many decisions about thecompatibility of public uses of the refuge during the developmentof the CCP. The planning process is your opportunity to expressyour views on the appropriateness of existing and proposedrefuge uses.Promoting Wildlife Viewing The Refuge Improvement Act cites compatible “wildlife-dependent” recreational activities, such as wildlife viewing,photography, environmental education and interpretation, hunt-ing and fishing as the “priority public uses” of refuges. Refuges areincreasingly becoming especially popular for wildlife viewing andother “nonconsumptive” activities. But even these seeminglyharmless activities can have impacts on wildlifeDuring the development of the CCP, make your recreationalpreferences known and share your ideas on access, facilities andstaffing, keeping in mind that the needs of wildlife must comefirst. Your refuge can then come up with a balanced and environ-mentally sound approach to meeting the growing demand fornonconsumptive, wildlife-dependent recreational opportunities. Practicing Science-Based StewardshipThe Refuge Improvement Act is “the greatest opportunity inthe history of the National Wildlife Refuge System to protectbiological diversity based on principles of conservation biologyand the best available scientific information,” concluded a panelof scientists assembled by Defenders of Wildlife to discuss theimplementation of the act. The panel recommended that FWS (1)manage the Refuge System and each individual refuge for allindigenous (native) species; (2) base all management decisions

12Watching snow geese, Chincoteague NWR, Virginia.

each year. To address threatening external activities and fulfill theRefuge Improvement Act’s directive to maintain the biologicali n t e g r i t y, biological diversity and environmental health ofrefuges, refuge managers must view each refuge as part of amuch bigger picture and practice sound ecosystem manage-ment. The cooperation of private landowners and state andfederal agency officials is essential to this approach. TheRefuge Improvement Act provides for this by requiring refugemanagers to “ensure effective coordination, interaction andcooperation with owners of land adjoining refuges.” Refuge planning is an ideal opportunity for you and the staffof your refuge to reach out to farmers, developers and otherlocal property holders. Together you can more effectively workto attain nationally important biodiversity conservation goals. Expanding Refuges and the Refuge SystemThe Refuge Improvement Act directs FWS to plan for thefuture growth of the Refuge System “in a manner that isbest designed to accomplish the mission of the System” and to“contribute to the conservation of the ecosystems of the Un i t e dS t a t e s .” For many refuges the strategic purchase of additionalacreage will be necessary to achieve their conservation goals andthose of the Refuge System. The Lower Rio Grande Va l l e yNational Wildlife Refuge in Texas, for example, is still in theprocess of acquiring properties and conservation easements thatwill eventually more than double its current size and completethe formation of a wildlife corridor along the final stretch of theRio Grande River. The planned acquisitions will also help pro-tect 11 unique plant and animal communities and prime habitatfor jaguarundi, ocelot, bobcat and mountain lion — four of thefive big cat species found within the continental United States.

15

on the maintenance of biological diversity (natural variety), bio-logical integrity (ability to naturally sustain viable populations ofspecies) and environmental health (ability to sustain diversitythrough natural ecological and evolutionary processes); (3) con-duct inventories to collect information on the distribution andabundance of plants and animals on the refuge; and (4) monitorcarefully chosen species that will convey information about theeffects of management decisions on the overall ecosystem.Underfunded for years, most refuges have a long way to go tomeet the panel’s recommendations. The majority of refuges are notadequately managed for all resident plants and animals. In fact,many refuges do not have good inventories of resident wildlife. Fe whave established effective monitoring programs. Most implementmanagement programs for a subset of species without knowinghow other species will be affected. Many refuges do not even havea biologist on staff. Now that Congress has established extensivenew management requirements through the Refuge ImprovementAct, FWS and Congress will have to pay more attention to fundingand strengthening the science-based approach to refuge manage-m e n t .CCPs are the mechanisms through which science-based stew-ardship will be realized on the ground. Through the planningprocess you can help your refuge embrace modern science bymaking sure the necessary programs, technical staff and resourcesare detailed in the CCP.Implementing Ecosystem ManagementRefuges do not exist in ecological isolation, but as integralparts of local and regional ecosystems. As such they areaffected by activities occurring on the public and private landsbeyond their borders. At Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge inCalifornia, for example, toxic agricultural runoff from sur-rounding lands contributes to the deaths of thousands of birds

14

1716

Fortunately with methods based on recent technologicaladvances, refuge planners and managers can scientifically identi-fy acquisitions that will contribute to their conservation goals.One such method is gap analysis, which draws on an extensiveecological database administered by the National Gap AnalysisProgram (www. g a p . u i d a h o . e d u ) . Using gap analysis data, plan-ners can create maps of refuge vegetation, soils, protected areas,species distribution and other parameters and overlay them topinpoint gaps in protection.During planning, work with your refuge to identify possibleopportunities for expansion and to build relationships with theowners of adjacent lands. Encourage your refuge to use gapanalysis and other science-based methods and conserv a t i o nstrategies to identify and prioritize acquisitions.Ensuring Adequate FundingThe Refuge Improvement Act establishes a strong legislativemandate and mission for the system, but it does not addressthe system’s critical funding needs. Years of severe funding short-falls have left the National Wildlife Refuge System with a stagger-ing maintenance backlog of more than $779 million and opera-tions needs (programs and projects) of nearly $2 billion. Theseshortfalls translate into lost opportunities for enhancing wildlifepopulations, restoring degraded habitats, promoting recovery ofendangered species and providing additional opportunities forwildlife-dependent recreation.FWS has an advanced national database into which fundingneeds and exact costs for individual refuge projects are entered.During the appropriations process (allocation of funds to variousagencies), Refuge System administrators use the database to showCongress precisely where and how funds will be used. Make sureyour refuge planners include the costs associated with your refugeplan in this database. Most important of all, make sure your legisla-tors know how critical it is to fully fund your refuge.

In working to ensure adequate funding for your refuge youhave an ally, the Cooperative Alliance for Refuge Enhancement(CARE). In recent years CARE, a diverse coalition of groups withwildlife conservation and recreation interests, has been very suc-cessful in focusing congressional attention on funding the opera-tion and maintenance needs of the National Wildlife RefugeSystem. Your involvement will help ensure that this trend continues.National Wildlife Refuge Maintenance Funding Backlog

(in millions of dollars)

Maintenance work on many refuges has been neglected for years because of funding shortfalls.Fulfilling the PromiseFulfilling President Theodore Roosevelt’s promise of a nationalnetwork of lands to preserve wildlife for its own sake and thebenefit of the American people has become increasingly challeng-ing. You can help meet the challenge by getting involved in refugeplanning and making sure that the changes for the better man-dated by the Refuge Improvement Act are made. As Roosevelthimself once said, “... take a place wherever you are and be some-body; get action.”

he National Wildlife RefugeSystem Improvement Act of1997 requires each refuge to complete aComprehensive Conservation Plan( CCP), a document detailing a 15 - y e a rmanagement strategy, by the year 2012 .The act requires each refuge to seek“active public involvement” in formulating its CC P. In addition,CCPs must adhere to the standards and procedures of theNational Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), the law underwhich federal agencies evaluate the effects of their programs onthe environment. NEPA also requires public participation. CCPs are prepared in several phases, all but one requirngyour input, and take one to three years to complete. Severalrefuges have already completed their CCPs, some are in theprocess. The majority , however, have yet to begin.The first stepin getting involved in planning is to call your local refuge office(see Appendix A, National Wildlife Refuge System Directory)and find out where your refuge staff is in the planning process.As you will see in this section, no matter what planning phaseyour refuge is in, you can have an impact. Asking questions is a good way to begin. Throughout theplanning process, keep the following questions in mind. (They’represented here in the context of evaluating a draft plan, but adaptthem for posing to refuge staff and raising at public forums at anytime before and during planning.)IMPORTANT QUESTIONS TO ASK1. Are the purposes of the refuge and the mission of the RefugeSystem identified and upheld? Each refuge was established with specific purposes (to protectcertain species or habitats, for example). These purposes alongwith the mission of the Refuge System, which includes the conser-vation of biodiversity, must guide management actions.19

With at least one refuge in each state,and more than a dozen in several, theRefuge System has more potential thanany other system of public lands to vestcitizens in itsfuture. Yourparticipationin refuge plan-ning is one ofthe keys torealizing thatpotential.

I I . G E T T I N G I N V O L V E D T

Getting

information,

Chincoteague

NWR, Virginia.

Opposite, golden-

cheeked warbler.

Knowing what species are found on the refuge, their distributionand the size of their populations and monitoring to evaluate theeffects of management on distribution and population is essentialto the science-based stewardship emphasized in the RefugeImprovement Act. 7. Are there provisions to regularly review the plan and revise itas new information warrants?Ecosystem management requires an adaptive managementapproach — a strong program of continual monitoring of indica-tors that measure progress toward management goals and thecapacity to change management practices when current practicesare not achieving their objectives.8. Are there provisions for working with the owners of landsadjacent to the refuge topromote more effectiveecosystem conservation? Refuges are nowrequired to coordinateconservation and management actions with private, state andother federal agencies that own and manage land adjacent to therefuge.9. Does the management of the refuge benefit a wide variety ofspecies? Strengthening the conservation of biodiversity throughout theRefuge System by applying the latest science-based managementtechniques is a primary goal of the Refuge Improvement Act.10. Are the proposed management actions supported by science?The refuge must justify its plan with sufficient background infor-mation, scientific citations and refuge-specific reports and data.11. Are the activities or “uses” permitted on the refuge and a n ynew uses the refuge is considering compatible with the “wildlife

21

2. Is the recovery of threatened or endangered species thatoccur on the refuge being addressed? Refuges help conserve 22 percent of all threatened and endan-gered species in the United States. In fact, 52 refuges wereacquired specifically to protect imperiled wildlife. Your refugeshould have clear strategies for helping to recover endangeredand threatened species found on it. 3. Are the main external threats to the biological diversity, bio-logical integrity and environmental health of the refuge beingidentified and discussed? As required under the Refuge Improvement Act, the managementof the Refuge System and each individual refuge should be basedon maintaining the natural variety of plants and animals (biologi-cal diversity) and sustaining viable populations of species (biolog-ical integrity) through naturally functioning ecological and evolu-tionary processes (environmental health).4. Is the refuge being discussed in relation to the broaderecosystems to which it belongs?An “ecosystem management” approach is necessary not only toconserve the wildlife and ecosystems that occur on the refuge butalso to protect the broader ecosystem to which the refugebelongs.5. Does the plan indicate how it fits into any larger regional ornational management plans?Refuges often contribute to larger scale plans such as individualendangered species recovery plans, FWS ecosystem plans and theNorth American Waterfowl Management Plan. The CCP shouldspecifically address how the refuge will contribute to these plans. 6. Does the plan include information on the abundance and dis-tribution of plants and animals on the refuge and provisions forconducting additional inventories and monitoring wildlife pop-ulations to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan?

20

“Knowledge itself is power.” — Francis Bacon

THE PLANNING PROCESS1. PreplanningDuring this phase FWS will assemble a refuge planning team.The refuge staff will begin to gather the information neededfor the CCP, develop timelines and mailing lists and determinehow and when to involve the public. A formal Notice of Intent(NOI) to Prepare a Comprehensive Conservation Plan will bepublished in the Federal Register, a daily government publicationavailable at your library or at www.access.gpo.gov.nasa. Therefuge may also use newspaper and radio announcements, flyersand direct contact with potentially interested clubs and organiza-tions to encourage public participation. Some refuges may holdopen houses with the refuge manager and other staff on hand toanswer questions. Maps and other materials explaining the plan-ning effort may also be available to the public. WHAT YOU CAN DO❏ Once the NOI is distributed by the refuge, or sooner, stop bythe refuge office or call the refuge manager to introduce yourselfand express your interest in helping to shape the future of ther e f u g e .This is the time to request that the refuge provide for publicinvolvement in all phases of planning — even those that do notrequire it, such as preplanning and the selection of the manage-ment approaches that will be explored in the refuge plan. The ear-lier you get involved and the more opportunities you have tomake your views about refuge management known, the more like-ly it is that those views will be reflected in the final plan for yourrefuge. Ask to be put on the mailing list for updates on theprocess and other refuge news. Encourage your refuge manager

23

first” mission of the Refuge System and the purposes for whichthe refuge was established?The Refuge Improvement Act clearly states that all activitiesoccurring on refuges must be compatible with the specific pur-poses of that refuge and the mission of the entire Refuge System.This applies to all proposed uses on a refuge including those notrelated to wildlife (snowmobiling, powerboating, oil and gasdrilling, etc.).12. Are sufficientwildlife viewing andenvironmental educa-tion opportunitiesprovided?The RefugeImprovement Actencourages FWS to promote wildlife-dependent recreational usesthroughout the system if deemed “compatible.” (The uses specifi-cally encouraged by the act and commonly referred to as the “BigSix” are wildlife viewing and photography, environmental educa-tion and interpretation and hunting and fishing.)

13. Is the expansion of the refuge through land acquisition discussed?FWS is now required to “plan and direct the continued growth”of the Refuge System as a cohesive national system by givingincreased acquisition priority to lands that will fill gaps in protec-tion and alleviate the greatest threats to biodiversity.

22

“A question not to be asked is a question not to be answered.”

— Robert Southey

25

to publish a planning newsletter featuring this information. ❏ Attend any preplanning events the refuge holds.These preliminary events tend to be relaxed and open forumsconducive to one-on-one conversations about the planning process.Use them to learn more about the refuge, the Refuge Improve-ment Act, CCPs and NEPA, gain a basic understanding of relevantissues and scientific principles and terminology, share your inter-ests and concerns and get to know the refuge staff and other con-s e rvation-minded citizens. You may discover that your refuge hasan existing network of supporters or even an organized refuge sup-port group.❏ Consider teaming up with other refuge activists, conserv a t i o ngroups and academic institutions to develop detailed manage-ment ideas to present as a group to refuge planners during scop-ing, the next phase of planning. 2. ScopingInformation gathering is in full swing at this stage. As the collec-tion of data on everything from wildlife resources to needs andcosts continues, refuge planners will begin a process known as“scoping” — actively seeking the input of federal, state and localagencies, private organizations and the public. This input is essen-tial for identifying the key issues and fulfilling the NEPA require-ment of developing and examining the full range of managementalternatives (different means of accomplishing the goals and pur-pose of the refuge and contributing to the mission of the RefugeSystem). Comments received will be carefully considered in formu-lating the draft plan. The refuge will publish a notice in the Fe d e r a lR e g i s t e r (or as part of the NOI) asking for written public com-ments and announcing one or more public meetings. The refugemay use local media outlets and its mailing list to alert the public

24

and may also distribute surveys and hold workshops and openhouses. During scoping you will become familiar with some of thepublic involvement opportunities your refuge will offer through-out the planning process, such as submitting written commentsand participating in public meetings. WHAT YOU CAN DO❏ Use the avenues of public participation the refuge opens toyou to let planners know how you want to see the refuge man-aged: Participate in public meetings, submit written commentsand testify at public hearings. (The sidebar on the next two pagesdescribes these public input opportunities and offers tips formaking the most of them.)Scoping is your best chance to define and shape the manage-ment alternatives that will be presented in the CC P, rather thanmerely choosing among them once the CCP is drafted. Share your concerns and identify the issues and opportunitiesmost important to you (e.g., water quality, biological diversity,endangered species, land acquisition, wildlife viewing, visitor facil-ities). Urge your refuge toconduct any additionalresearch needed to “iden-tify and describe the distri-bution, migration pat-terns, and abundance offish, wildlife and plantpopulations and relatedhabitats within the planning unit,” as required under the 19 9 7Refuge Improvement Act. This information is vital to the develop-ment of the sound wildlife conservation strategies that should bedescribed in the final refuge plan.

Scoping is your best chance todefine and shape the managementa l t e rnatives that will be pre s e n t e din the CCP.

2726

Public Involvement Opportunities

Participating in public meetings. Public meet-ings (including workshops and open houses) giveyou a chance not only to state your views but alsoto ask questions and interact with refuge staff andpeople interested in the same issues as you. Thesemeetings tend to be informal and can be held atany and all phases of planning. Public meetings arenot recorded; the proceedings do not become partof the permanent record.

TIP: Prepare a list of questions and comments beforethe meeting. Refer to the background information andsuggested resources in this handbook as well as thequestions on pages 17 through 19 to help you do this.At the meeting take notes and discuss with otherattendees the possibility of teaming up in the effort toimprove your refuge.

Submitting written comments. Written com-ments provide you and your refuge with a perma-nent record of your views. They are crucial in theplanning process. They are also important as a mat-ter of record should you decide to challenge thefinal plan on legal or administrative grounds.Written comments can be submitted at any time,but your refuge will formally solicit them duringscoping and after the release of the draft plan.

TIP: Make your comments “substantive.” S u b s t a n t i v ecomments go beyond “I agre e / d i s a g ree.” They raisequestions, suggest reasonable alternatives and chal-lenge the accuracy or adequacy of information. Thesea re the comments your refuge must address in the draftand final CCPs. Again, consult the information andquestions provided in this handbook.

Testifying at public hearings. Public hearingsare formal public participation venues during whichparticipants step up to a microphone to testifybefore a panel of refuge personnel. Sometimes aquestion and answer period follows. All testimonyand dialogue are recorded as part of the permanentrecord. Public hearings are held after the draft planhas been released and usually only by the most vis-ited refuges or those facing complex issues.

TIP: Stating your opinions at a microphone in front ofa large group can be intimidating, but your testimonyis important as a matter of record. Script your com-ments in advance, keeping them brief and substan-tive. Try presenting your testimony to friends beforethe hearing to make sure you are making a clear, con-cise and effective case for what you want. At the hear-ing you canalways read directly from your scriptedcomments if you prefer.

3. Development and Analysis of Alternatives andPreparation of the Draft Plan Refuge planners will now evaluate the issues and concerns iden-tified by the public during scoping and develop the requiredrange of alternatives. At a minimum, the draft plan will contain a“no action” alternative, which preserves the existing refuge manage-ment regime, and at least one other “preferred” or “p r o p o s e d ”alternative. Some draft plans may present several alternatives. Alternatives are used to sharply define management optionsand compare the impacts and effects of different approaches. Within the framework provid-ed by NEPA, each alternativewill be fleshed out and theenvironmental impacts of eachproposed action will be ana-lyzed in a NEPA document.For most refuges this docu-ment will be an EnvironmentalAssessment (EA). However,the larger refuges and othersfacing numerous and complexissues may require the more in-depth analysis of an E n v i r o n-mental Impact Statement (EIS). When the required NEPAanalysis is complete, the refuge will usually choose its “proposed”alternative — the one that best achieves the refuge’s purpose,vision and goals, contributes to the “wildlife first” mission of therefuge, addresses the issues identified during scoping and satisfiesthe other mandates of the Refuge Improvement Act. The draftCCP will then be prepared. It will describe in detail the proposedmanagement alternative and its objectives and strategies — includ-ing the monitoring needed to evaluate them.28

WHAT YOU CAN DO❏ If your refuge is accepting comments during this phase, focuson the management alternatives chosen for analysis and the pro-posed alternative presented in the draft plan. Make sure theyaddress the issues and concerns you and others have raised inscoping as well as the mission and mandates set forth in theRefuge Improvement Act. The development of alternatives is generally done internallyby FWS. Unless your participation in this phase is part of the pub-lic involvement plan devised in the preplanning period, you willnot have an opportunity to comment formally. (You are, ofcourse, free to write to public officials at any time to express youropinions.)

29Mule deer, Cabeza Prieta NWR, Arizona.

Alligator, Loxahatchee NWR, Florida.

30

4. Release of the Draft PlanWhen the draft plan is ready, the refuge will publish a Noticeof Availability (NOA) in the Federal Register and otherwisepublicize the release of the draft CCP and accompanying NEPAanalysis for public review. Copies will be sent to the mailing list ofinterested parties compiled by the refuge in the course of theplanning process. A minimum of 30 days of review for a draftCCP with an EA and 45 days for a draft CCP with an EIS will beprovided for comment. The refuge will also solicit your inputthrough open houses and public meetings or hearings. This maybe your first and only opportunity to evaluate the managementideas developed by the refuge planners during the NEPA analysisover the last several monthsWHAT YOU CAN DO❏ If you don’t receive a copy of the draft CCP in the mail, pickone up at the refuge office. Be prepared to digest a lengthy document: 60 to 150 pages isthe norm; CCPs for larger refuges and refuges dealing with com-plicated issues will be even longer.❏ Use the chart on the following pages, “What To Look For inthe Draft Plan,” as a checklist of the required sections of the CC Pand NEPA document and what each should cover.CCPs will vary in content, organization and design. Twoessential elements, however, must be included: the appropriateNEPA documentation (an EA or EIS) and the CCP describing themanagement approach chosen for the refuge. The CCP mustexplain in detail how the proposed management alternative willbe implemented in terms of specific objectives, concrete strate-gies and projects. The NEPA analysis must substantiate the pro-posed alternative. The draft plan may be in the form of a CCP

31Caribou, Arctic NWR, Alaska.

32

WHAT IT SHOULD COVER

A description of how the CCP was devel-oped including the need for the plan, itspurpose, the process and time frameunder which it was devised, how futurerevisions will be accommodated and re f-e rence to relevant legal and policy com-pliance. (This information may altern a-tively be found in the EA or EIS under“Purpose and Need for Action.”)

A description of all “significant” issuesand concerns raised by the public dur-ing scoping and issues not deemed sig-nificant and why.

A description of the biological, physical,socioeconomic and political enviro n m e n tof the refuge, the geographical area andecosystem of which it is a part, its naturaland cultural re s o u rces and trends in thepublic and commercial use of thesere s o u rces. Maps, chronologies, specieslists and other supporting materials mayalso be included.

The legal purposes for which the refugewas established and a clear articulationof the proposed management directionin a series of broad refuge goals, specificobjectives and concrete strategies thatinclude projects and staffing and fund-ing needs.

REQUIRED SECTION OF CCP/NEPADOCUMENTATION

Introduction/ Background(CCP/NEPA)

Planning Issues andOpportunities (CCP/NEPA)

Refuge and ResourceDescription (CCP/NEPA)

Refuge Purposes andManagement Direction(CCP)

WHAT TO LOOK FORIN THE DRAFT PLAN

33

WHAT IT SHOULD COVER

The identification and description of arange of different management alterna-tives (at a minimum, a “no action” alter-native and a “preferred” or “proposed”alternative). Each must be consistent withthe goals and purposes of the refuge andanalyzed in respect to the issues and con-cerns identified in the scoping process.

An evaluation of the environmental con-sequences (direct, indirect and cumulativeeffects) of each management approachtaking into account the issues raised bythe public (often summarized in a matrixor chart).

An explanation of how FWS and the re f u g ewill implement the strategies and pro j e c t sof the “proposed” alternative includingfunding and personnel needed, opport u n i-ties for outside partnerships, necessarycompliance re q u i rements and monitoringp rograms to measure the effectiveness ofthe implementation of the CCP.

Additional useful information such as aglossary, bibliography, the public partici-pation plan adopted for the planningprocess and, most important for yourreview and comment, determinations ofthe compatibility of existing uses and pro-posed new uses.

REQUIRED SECTION OF CCP/NEPADOCUMENTATION

Description of Alternatives (NEPA)

EnvironmentalConsequences (NEPA)

Plan Implementation(CCP)

Appendices

3534

with the NEPA analysis appended. Or the required sections of theCCP and the EA (or EIS) may be integrated and you will have tocomb through the draft document to pick them out. ❏ Carefully go over the plan.Refer to the questions on pages 19-22 to help you evaluate itand formulate substantive comments to submit in writing or presentat public meetings or hearings.5. Release of the Final PlanThe refuge planners will review all public comments receivedon the draft CCP and NEPA analysis. They will make changesto the CCP if warranted by public comments and other considera-tions. They will also compile a summary of all substantive com-ments and note where changes have been made to address themor why changes were not made. This summary will be included inthe NEPA document or as an appendix to the final CCP.After review by staff in the regional FWS office, the final CCPwill be submitted for approval to the FWS regional director. Thedirector will sign adecision document(approval page). Thiswill be a Finding ofNo SignificantImpact (FONSI) if anEA was done, or aRecord of Decision (ROD) if an EIS was done, issued no soonerthan 30 days after the release of the final CCP.In cases involving an EA or EIS where public or internal inputnecessitated substantial changes in the final CC P, a 30-day publicreview and comment period may be initiated. The refuge will pub-lish a Notice of Availability (NOA) of the final CCP and NEPA

document in the Federal Register and send copies to individualsand organizations on the mailing list and others who request them.WHAT YOU CAN DO❏ Review the final CCP to make sure your substantive commentshave been addressed or at least noted.❏ Participate in any additional opportunities for public commentwarranted by changes made since the draft CCP was released or byEIS requirements. N OTE: If you feel the agency failed to meet certain requirementsmandated under NEPA — inadequate analysis of alternatives andenvironmental consequences, lack of public participation, ignoringnew and relevant information, etc. — you may have recourse to chal-lenge the plan administratively (protocol was not followed) or legally(the law was violated). 6. Implementation and Monitoring of the PlanIn order of priority, the refuge will allocate funds and staff timeand prepare step-down plans for implementing the manage-ment strategies identified in the CCP. Your participation in thereview of these all-important plans is also required as theydescribe in greater detail how specific strategies, such as fire man-agement, habitat management and public use, will be carried out.Once these plans are finalized, the refuge will begin to imple-ment the vision described in the CCP. The monitoring and evalua-tion process described in the CCP will also be initiated. Therefuge will review the CCP periodically. It will be revised, againwith appropriate public notice and input, every 15 years and atany time monitoring and other research indicate the purpose,goals and objectives of the refuge are not being realized. YOU CAN❏ Keep in touch with refuge personnel.

Refer to the questions on pages 19-22to help you evaluate the plan and formulate substantive comments.

37

Your refuge still needs you, perhaps more than ever, to helpimplement the ambitious plan you helped create. Let the staffknow you want to stay in the loop. Refuges have frequent turnoverin staff, so introduce yourself to new staff members to ensure con-sistency in management. ❏ Participate in the development of the step-down managementplans. ❏ Visit the refuge often and look for the changes and projectsidentified in the CC P. Ask about monitoring efforts and what they are revealingabout the plan’s effectiveness. Urge the refuge to revise the CCP ifyou have good documentable reason to believe it is necessary. ❏ Respond to any requests for public participation when planrevisions are proposed by the refuge. ❏ Join or start a support group for your refuge.Friends groups organized through the National Wi l d l i f eRefuge Association ( w w w. r e f u g e n e t . o r g ) or the Audubon RefugeKeepers program ( a u d u b o n . o r g / c a m p a i g n / r e f u g e ) sponsored bythe National Audubon Society. Joining forces with other refugeactivists is an excellent way to stay involved and to protect yourinvestment in the plan. Many refuges rely on these support groupsfor much needed assistance with everything from resource man-agement projects to special fundraising events❏ If the CCP is working, take satisfaction in knowing that youplayed an important part in shaping it..G IN

36Tracking black bear, Tensas River NWR, Louisiana.

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APPENDIX A. ADDITIONAL RESOURCESBooks Reed F. Noss and Alan Y. Cooperrider, Saving Nature’s Legacy: Protecting andRestoring Biodiversity. Defenders of Wildlife/ Island Press, Washington, D.C.1994. Available at your local book store or from Island Press: (800) 828-1302 orwww.islandpress.com.Laura and William Riley, Guide to the National Wildlife Refuges. MacmillanCompany, New York. 1992. The premiere guide for planning visits to nationalwildlife refuges.NewslettersNWRA Flyer. Quarterly newsletter published by the National Wildlife RefugeAssociation, 17 76 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20036:(202) 296-9729 or w w w. r e f u g e n e t . o r g .Refuge Reporter. Independent quarterly newsletter created to increase recogni-tion and build support for the National Wildlife Refuge System. James Clark,Editor, Avocet Two, Publisher, Millwood, VA 22646-0516: (540) 837-2152 orwww.gorp.com/refrep/.Refuge Watch. Quarterly newsletter published by the National Audubon Society,1901 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20006: (202) 861-2242 or www.audubon.org/campaign/refuge.Special Publications Banking on Nature: The Economic Benefits to Local Communities of NationalWildlife Refuge Visitation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 19 9 7: (800) 344-WILD orw w w. n c t c . f w s . g o v / l i b r a ry / p u b s 3 . h t m l . . Biological Diversity on Federal Lands. The Keystone Center. 19 91: (970) 513 - 5 8 0 0 .or w w w. k e y s t o n e . o r g / s p p / p o l i c y. h t m l .Biological Needs Assessment: National Wildlife Refuge System. Division ofRefuges. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998: (800) 344- WILD orw w w. n c t c . f w s . g o v / l i b r a ry / p u b s 3 . h t m l .Ecosystem Approach to Fish and Wildlife Management. U. S. Fish and WildlifeService. 1994: (800) 344-WILD or www.nctc.fws.gov/library/pubs3.html.Endangered Ecosystems: A Status Report on America’s Vanishing Habitat andWildlife. Defenders of Wildlife. 1995: Defenders of Wildlife, 1101 14th Street,NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, (202) 682-9400, ext. 290 or www.defenders,org.

39

Fulfilling the Promise: Visions for Wildlife, Habitat, People and Leadership inPreparation for the National Wildlife Refuge System Conference. U. S. Fish andWildlife Service. 1998: (800) 344-WILD or http://info.fws.gov/pubs3.html.National Survey of Hunting, Fishing and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. U. S.Fish and Wildlife Service. 1996: (800) 344-WILD orww w. n c t c . f w s . g o v / l i b r a ry / p u b s 3 . h t m l .National Wildlife Refuges: A Visitors Guide. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Servicebrochure: (800) 344--WILD or http://info.fws.gov/pubs3.html. National Wildlife Refuges: Continuing Problems with Incompatible Uses Callfor Bold Action. General Accounting Office (GAO). 1989: (202) 512-6000.Oregon’s Living Landscape: Strategies and Opportunities to ConserveBiodiversity. Defenders of Wildlife. 1998: (202) 682-9400 ext. 290 orwww.defenders.org (click on “Special Publications”). Public Lands Funding Initiative: Leaving a Legacy for Generations to Come.Public Lands Funding Initiative Coalition. 1999: Available from Defenders ofWildlife, (202) 682-9400 ext. 290. Putting Wildlife First: Recommendations for Reforming our Troubled RefugeSystem. Defenders of Wildlife. 1992: (202) 682-9400, ext. 290 or www.defend-ers.org (click on “Special Publications”).Restoring America’s Legacy: A Plan to Rejuvenate our National Wildlife RefugeSystem. Cooperative Alliance for Refuge Enhancement (CARE). 1999: availablefrom Defenders of Wildlife, (202) 682-9400 ext. 290. Science-Based Stewardship: Recommendations for Implementing the NationalWildlife Refuge System Improvement Act. Defenders of Wildlife. 1998:(202)-682-9400, ext. 290 or www.defenders.org (click on “Special Publications” ).Secondary Uses Occurring on National Wildlife Refuges. U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. 1990: (800) 344-WILD.Unfriendly Skies: The Threat of Military Overflights to National WildlifeRefuges. Defenders of Wildlife. 1994: (202) 682-9400, ext. 290 or www.defend-ers.org (click on “Special Publications”).Websites www.fws.gov. Information on the National Wildlife Refuge System and its man-agement and the policies and laws applying to it (including the complete text ofNational Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997), links to individualrefuge websites.

INNOKO NWRP.O. Box 69 McGrath, AK 99627(907) 524-3251IZEMBEK NWRP.O. Box 127, 1 Izembek Dr.Cold Bay, AK 99571(907) 532-2445KANUTI NWR101 12th Ave., Box 11, Rm. 262 Fairbanks, AK 99701(907) 456-0329KENAI NWRP.O. Box 2139 Soldotna, AK 99669-2139(907) 262-7021KODIAK NWR1390 Buskin River Rd. Kodiak, AK 99615(907) 487-2600KOYUKUK NWRP.O. Box 287Galena, AK 99741(907) 656-1231NOWITNA NWRP.O. Box 287 Galena, AK 99741(907) 656-1231SELAWIK NWRP.O. Box 270Kotzebue, AK 99752-3799(907) 442-3799TETLIN NWRP.O. Box 779 Tok, AK 99780(907) 883-5312TOGIAK NWRP.O. Box 270 Dillingham, AK 99576(907) 842-1063YUKON DELTA NWRP.O. Box 346 Bethel, AK 99559-0346(907) 543-3151YUKON FLATS NWR101 12th Avenue, Rm. 264 Fairbanks, AK 99701(907) 456-0440

ARIZONABILL WILLIAMS NWR60911 Hwy. 95 Parker, AZ 85344(520) 667-4144BUENOS AIRES NWRP.O. Box 109 Sasabe, AZ 85633(520) 823-4251CABEZA PRIETA NWR1611 N. Second Ave. Ajo, AZ 85321(520) 387-6483CIBOLA NWRRte. 2, Box 138 Cibola, AZ 85328-9801(520) 857-3253HAVASU NWRP.O. Box 3009 Needles, CA 92363(760) 326-3853IMPERIAL NWR P.O. Box 72217Yuma, AZ 85365(520) 783-3371KOFA NWR356 W. 1st St.Yuma, AZ 85366-6240(520) 783-7861LESLIE CANYON NWRP.O. Box 3509 Douglas, AZ 85608(520) 364-2104SAN BERNARDINO NWRP.O. Box 3509 Douglas, AZ 85608(520) 364-2104ARKANSASBIG LAKE NWRP.O. Box 67 Manila, AR 72442(870) 564-2429BALD KNOB NWR1439 Coal Chute Rd. Bald Knob, AR 72010(870) 724-245841

ALABAMABLOWING WIND CAVE NWR2700 Refuge Headquarters Rd.Decatur, AL 35603(256) 353-7243BON SECOUR NWR12295 Hwy. 180 Gulf Shores, AL 36542(334) 540-7720CHOCTAW NWRP.O. Box 808Jackson, AL 36545(334) 246-3583EUFAULA NWR509 Old Hwy. 165Eufaula, AL 36027(334) 687-4065 FERN CAVE NWR2700 Refuge Headquarters Rd. Decatur, AL 35603(256) 353-7243KEY CAVE NWR2700 Refuge Headquarters Rd. Decatur, AL 35603(256) 353-7243

WATERCRESS DARTER NWR2700 Refuge Headquarters Rd. Decatur, AL 35603(256) 353-7243WHEELER NWR2700 Refuge Headquarters Rd. Decatur, AL 35603(256) 353-7243ALASKAALASKA MARITIME NWR2355 Kachemak Bay Dr., Suite 101Homer, AK 99603(907) 235-6546ALASKA PENINSULA NWRP.O. Box 277 King Salmon, AK 99613(907) 246-3339ARCTIC NWR101 12th Ave., Box 20Fairbanks, AK 99701(907) 456-0250BECHAROF NWRP.O. Box 277 King Salmon, AK 99613(907) 246-333940

APPENDIX B. NATIONAL WILDLIFEREFUGE SYSTEM DIRECTORYThe mailing addresses and phone numbers for eachNational Wildlife Refuge (NWR) are listed below. Notethat the state given in the address is the administrativeoffice location and may differ from the state under which therefuge is listed. Note also that Wetland Management Districts(WMDs) are included in this list. Although not refuges, WMDsmanage important migratory waterfowl habitat and allow wildlifedependent recreation; hence comprehensive conservation plan-ning is required. For more information on individual refuges, goto www.fws.gov/where/index.html.

KERN NWRP.O. Box 670Delano, CA 93216-0670(661) 725-2767KESTERSON NWRP.O. Box 2176Los Banos, CA 93635-2176(209) 826-3508LOWER KLAMATH NWRRte. 1, Box 74Tulelake, CA 96134-9715(530) 667-2231MARIN ISLANDS NWRP.O. Box 2012Mare Island, CA 94592-0012(707) 562-3000MERCED NWRP.O. Box 2176Los Banos, CA 93635-2176(209) 826-3508MODOC NWRP.O. Box 1610Alturas, CA 96101-1610(530) 233-3572NORTH CENTRAL VALLEY WMA752 County Rd. 99W Willows, CA 95988-9639(530) 934-2801PIXLEY NWRP.O. Box 670 Delano, CA 93216-0670(661) 725-2767SACRAMENTO NWR752 County Rd. 99W Willows, CA 95988-9639(530) 934-2801SACRAMENTO RIVER NWR752 County Rd. 99W Willows, CA 95988-9639(530) 934-2801SALINAS RIVER NWRP.O. Box 524 Newark, CA 94560-0524(510) 792-0222SAN DIEGO NWR13910 Lyons Valley Rd., Suite R Jamul, CA 91935(619) 669-7295

SAN JOAQUIN RIVER NWRP.O. Box 2176Los Banos, CA 93635-2176(209) 826-3508SAN LUIS NWRP.O. Box 2176Los Banos, CA 93635-2176(209) 826-3508SAN PABLO BAY NWRP.O. Box 2012Mare Island, CA 94592-0012(707) 562-3000SEAL BEACH NWRP.O. Box 815Seal Beach, CA 90740-0815(562) 598-1024SONNY BONO SALTON SEA NWR906 West Sinclair Rd. Calipatria, CA 9749(760) 348-5278STONE LAKES NWR2233 Watt Ave., Suite 230Sacramento, CA 95825-0509 (916) 979-2085SUTTER NWR752 County Rd. 99W Willows, CA 95988-9639(530) 934-2801SWEETWATER MARSH NWR301 Caspian Way Imperial Beach, CA 91932-3149(619) 575-2704TIJUANA SLOUGH NWR301 Caspian Way Imperial Beach, CA 91932-3149(619) 575-2704TULE LAKE NWRRte. 1, Box 74Tulelake, CA 96134-9715(530) 667-2231WILLOW CREEK-LURLINE WMA752 County Rd. 99W Willows, CA 95988-9639(530) 934-2801

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CACHE RIVER NWRRte. 2, Box 126-TAugusta, AR 72006(870) 347-2614FELSENTHAL NWRP.O. Box 1157 Crossett, AR 71635(870) 364-3167HOLLA BEND NWRRte. 1, Box 59 Dardanelle, AR 72834-9704(870) 229-4300LOGAN CAVE NWRRte. 1, Box 59 Dardanelle, AR 72834-9704(870) 229-4300OVERFLOW NWRP.O. Box 1157 Crossett, AR 71635(870) 364-3167POND CREEK NWRP.O. Box 1157Crossett, AR 71635(870) 364-3167WAPANOCCA NWRP.O. Box 279 Turrell, AR 72384(870) 343-2595WHITE RIVER NWRP. O. Box 308 DeWitt, AR 72042-0308(870) 946-1468CALIFORNIAANTIOCH DUNES NWRP.O. Box 2012Mare Island, CA 94592-0012(707) 562-3000BITTER CREEK NWRP.O. Box 5839 Ventura, CA 93005-0839(805) 644-5185BLUE RIDGE NWRP.O. Box 670 Delano, CA 93216-0670(661) 725-2767

BUTTE SINK WMA752 County Rd. 99W Willows, CA 95988-9639(530) 934-2801CASTLE ROCK NWR1020 Ranch Rd. Loleta, CA 95551-9633(707) 733-5406COACHELLA VALLEY NWR906 W. Sinclair Rd. Calipatria, CA 92233-0120(760) 348-5278CLEAR LAKE NWRRte. 1, Box 74Tulelake, CA 96134-9715(530) 667-2231COLUSA NWR752 County Rd. 99W Willows, CA 95988-9639(530) 934-2801DELEVAN NWR752 County Rd. 99WWillows, CA 95988-9639(530) 934-2801DON EDWARDS SAN FRANCISCO BAYNWR P.O. Box 524 Newark, CA 94560-0524(510) 792-0222ELLICOTT SLOUGH NWRP.O. Box 524 Newark, CA 94560-0524(510) 792-0222FARALLON NWRP.O. Box 524 Newark, CA 94560-0524(510) 792-0222GRASSLANDS WMAP.O. Box 2176Los Banos, CA 93635-2176(209) 826-3508HOPPER MOUNTAIN NWRP.O. Box 5839 Ventura, CA 93005-0839(805) 644-5185HUMBOLDT BAY NWR1020 Ranch Rd. Loleta, CA 95551-9633(707) 733-540642

ISLAND BAY NWR1 Wildlife Dr.Sanibel, FL 33957(941) 472-1100KEY WEST NWRP.O. Box 370 Key Largo, FL 33037(305) 451-4223J.N. DING DARLING NWR1 Wildlife Dr.Sanibel, FL 33957(941) 472-1100LAKE WALES RIDGE NWRP.O. Box 6504 Titusville, FL 32782(407) 861-0667LAKE WOODRUFF NWRP. O. Box 488 DeLeon Springs, FL 32130-0488(904) 985-4673LOWER SUWANNEE NWR16450 NW 31st Pl. Chiefland, FL 32626(352) 493-0238MATLACHA PASS NWR1 Wildlife Dr.Sanibel, FL 33957(941) 472-1100MERRITT ISLAND NWRP.O. Box 6504 Titusville, FL 32782(407) 861-0667NATIONAL KEY DEER REFUGEP.O. Box 430510Big Pine Key, FL 33043-0510(305) 872-2239PASSAGE KEY NWR1502 S.E. Kings Bay Dr.Crystal River, FL 34429(352) 563-2088PELICAN ISLAND NWRP.O. Box 6504 Titusville, FL 32782(407) 861-0667PINE ISLAND NWR1 Wildlife Dr.Sanibel, FL 33957(941) 472-1100

PINELLAS NWR1502 S.E. Kings Bay Dr.Crystal River, FL 34429(352) 563-2088ST. JOHNS NWRP.O. Box 6504 Titusville, FL 32782(407) 861-0667ST. MARKS NWRP.O. Box 68 St. Marks, FL 32355(850) 925-6121ST. VINCENT NWRP.O. Box 447 Apalachicola, FL 32329-0447(850) 653-8808TEN THOUSAND ISLANDS NWR3860 Tollgate Blvd., Suite 300 Naples, FL 34114(941) 353-8442GEORGIABANKS LAKE NWRRte. 2, Box 3330, Folkston, GA 31537(912) 496-7366BLACKBEARD ISLAND NWR 1000 Business Center Drive, Suite 10Savannah, GA 31405(912) 652-4415BOND SWAMP NWRRte, 1, Box 670, Juliette Road Round Oak, GA 31038(912) 986-5441HARRIS NECK NWR1000 Business Center Dr., Suite 10Savannah, GA 31405(912) 652-4415OKEFENOKEE NWRRte. 2, Box 3330 Folkston, GA 31537(912) 496-3331PIEDMONT NWRRte. 1 Box 670, Juliette Rd. Round Oak, GA 31038(912) 986-5441

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COLORADOALAMOSA NWR9383 El Rancho Ln. Alamosa, CO 81101-9003(719) 589-4021ARAPAHO NWRP.O. Box 457 Walden, CO 80480(970) 723-8202BROWNS PARK NWR1318 Hwy. 318Maybell, CO 81640(970) 365-3613MONTE VISTA NWR9383 El Rancho Ln. Alamosa, CO 81101-9003(719) 589-4021ROCKY MOUNTAIN ARSENAL NWRUSFWS, Building 111Commerce City, CO 80022-1748 (303) 289-0232TWO PONDS NWRUSFWS, Building 111Commerce City, CO 80022-1748 (303) 289-0232CONNECTICUTSTEWART B. MCKINNEY NWRP.O. Box 1030 Westbrook, CT 06498(860) 399-2513DELAWAREBOMBAY HOOK NWR2591 Whitehall Neck Rd. Smyrna, DE 19977(302) 653-9345PRIME HOOK NWRRD 3, Box 195 Milton, DE 19968(302) 684-8419

FLORIDAARCHIE CARR NWRP.O. Box 6504 Titusville, FL 32782(407) 861-0667ARTHUR R. MARSHALL LOXAHATCHEENWR10216 Lee Rd. Boynton Beach, FL 33437-4796(561) 732-3684CALOOSAHATCHEE NWR1 Wildlife Dr.Sanibel, FL 33957(941) 472-1100CEDAR KEYS NWR16450 NW 31st Pl. Chiefland, FL 32626(352) 493-0238CHASSAHOWITZKA NWR1502 S.E. Kings Bay Dr.Crystal River, FL 34429(352) 563-2088CROCODILE LAKE NWRP.O. Box 370 Key Largo, FL 33037(305) 451-4223CRYSTAL RIVER NWR1502 S.E. Kings Bay Dr.Crystal River, FL 34429(352) 563-2088EGMONT KEY NWR1502 S.E. Kings Bay Dr.Crystal River, FL 34429(352) 563-2088FLORIDA PANTHER NWR3860 Tollgate Blvd., Suite 300 Naples, FL 34114(941) 353-8442GREAT WHITE HERON NWR P.O. Box 370 Key Largo, FL 33037(305) 451-4223HOBE SOUND NWRP.O. Box 645 Hobe Sound, FL 33475-0645(561) 546-614144

KOOTENAI NWRHCR 60, Box 283 Bonners Ferry, ID 83805-9518(208) 267-3888MINIDOKA NWR961 East Minidoka Dam Rupert, ID 83350-9414(208) 436-3589OXFORD SLOUGH WPA1246 Yellowstone Ave., Suite A-4Pocatello, ID 83201DEER FLAT NWR13751 Upper Embankment Rd. Nampa, ID 83686-8046(208) 467-9278ILLINOISCRAB ORCHARD NWR8588 Rte. 148 Marion, IL 62959(618) 997-3344CLARENCE CANNON NWRMark Twain NWR, Annada DistrictP.O. Box 88Annada, MO 63330(573) 847-2333CYPRESS CREEK NWR0137 Rustic Campus Dr.Ullin, IL 62992(618) 634-2231CHAUTAUQUA NWR19031 E County Rd. 2105N Havana, IL 62644(309) 535-2290EMIQUON NWR19031 E County Rd. 2105N Havana, IL 62644(309) 535-2290MEREDOSIA NWR19031 E County Rd. 2105N Havana, IL 62644(309) 535-2290MARK TWAIN NWR1704 N. 24th St. Quincy, IL 62301(217) 224-8580

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER NWRP.O. Box 336 Savanna, IL 61074(815) 273-2732INDIANAMUSCATATUCK NWR12985 E. U.S. Hwy. 50 Seymour, IN 47274-8518(812) 522-4352PATOKA RIVER NWR5101/2 W. Morton St., P.O. Box 217P.O. Box 217Oakland City, IN 47660(812) 749-3199IOWABOYER CHUTE NWR1434 316th Ln. Missouri Valley, IA 51555-7033(712) 642-4121DESOTO NWR1434 316th Ln. Missouri Valley, IA 51555-7033(712) 642-4121DRIFTLESS AREA NWRP.O. Box 460 McGregor, IA 52157(319) 873-3423NEAL SMITH NWRP.O. Box 399, 8891 Pacific St.Prairie City, IA 50228(515) 994-3400UNION SLOUGH NWR1710 360th St. Titonka, IA 50480(515) 928-2523IOWA WMD1710 360th St. Titonka, IA 50480(515) 928-2523UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER NWRP.O. Box 460 McGregor, IA 52157(319) 873-3423

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SAVANNAH NWR1000 Business Center Dr., Suite 10Savannah, GA 31405(912) 652-4415WASSAW NWR1000 Business Center Dr., Suite 10Savannah, GA 31405(912) 652-4415WOLF ISLAND NWR1000 Business Center Dr., Suite 10Savannah, GA 31405(912) 652-4415HAWAII AND PACIFIC ISLANDSBAKER ISLAND NWR P.O. Box 50167 Honolulu, HI 96850-5167(808) 541-1201GUAM NWR P.O. Box 8134 MOU-3 Dededo, GU 96912-8134(671) 355-5096HAKALAU FOREST NWR32 Kinoole St, Suite 101 Hilo, HI 96720-2469(808) 933-6915HANALEI NWRP.O. Box 1128 Kilauea, Kauai, HI 96754-1128(808) 828-1413HAWAIIAN ISLANDS NWRP.O. Box 50167 Honolulu, HI 96850-5167(808) 541-1201HOWLAND ISLAND NWR P.O. Box 50167 Honolulu, HI 96850-5167(808) 541-1201HULEIA NWRP.O. Box 1128 Kilauea, Kauai, HI 96754-1128(808) 828-1413JAMES CAMPBELL NWR66-590 Kamehameha Hwy., Rm. 2CHaleiwa, HI 96712-1484(808) 637-6330

JARVIS ISLAND NWR P.O. Box 50167 Honolulu, HI 96850-5167(808) 541-1201JOHNSTON ISLAND NWR Box 396 APO, AP 96558-0396(808) 421-0011, ext. 3182KAKAHAIA NWRP.O. Box 1042 Kihei, HI 96753-1042(808) 875-1582KEALIA POND NWRP.O. Box 1042 Kihei, HI 96753-1042(808) 875-1582KILAUEA POINT NWRP.O. Box 1128 Kilauea, Kauai, HI 96754-1128(808) 828-1413MIDWAY ATOLL NWR c/o Phoenix Air, Midway Island Station #4P.O. Box 29460Honolulu, HI 96820-1860(808) 599-3914PEARL HARBOR NWR66-590 Kamehameha Hwy., Rm. 2CHaleiwa, HI 96712-1484(808) 637-6330ROSE ATOLL NWR P.O. Box 50167 Honolulu, HI 96850-5167(808) 541-1201IDAHOBEAR LAKE NWRP.O. Box 9Montpelier, ID 83253-1019(208) 847-1757CAMAS NWR2150 E. 2350 N.Hamer, ID 83425-5030(208) 662-5423GRAYS LAKE NWR74 Grays Lake Rd. Wayan, ID 83285-5006(208) 574-275546

SABINE NWR3000 Holly Beach Hwy.Hackberry, LA 70645(318) 762-3816SHELL KEYS NWR112 Speck Ln.Port Barre, LA 70507(318) 585-2101TENSAS RIVER NWRRte. 2, Box 295 Tallulah, LA 71282(318) 574-2664UPPER OUACHITA NWR11372 Hwy. 143Farmerville, LA 71241(318) 726-4222MAINEAROOSTOCK NWRP.O. Box 554 Limestone, ME 04750(207) 546-2124CARLTON POND NWR1033 S. Main St.Old Towne, ME 04468-2023(207) 827-6138CROSS ISLAND NWRP.O. Box 279 Milbridge, ME 04658(207) 546-2124FRANKLIN ISLAND NWRP.O. Box 279 Milbridge, ME 04658(207) 546-2124MOOSEHORN NWRR.R. 1, Box 202, Suite 1 Baring, ME 04694-9703(207) 454-7161PETIT MANAN NWRP.O. Box 279Milbridge, ME 04658(207) 546-2124POND ISLAND NWRP.O. Box 279 Milbridge, ME 04658(207) 546-2124

RACHEL CARSON NWR321 Port Rd. Wells, ME 04090(207) 646-9226SEAL ISLAND NWRP.O. Box 279 Milbridge, ME 04658(207) 546-2124SUNKHAZE MEADOWS NWR1033 S. Main St. Old Town, ME 04468(207) 827-6138MARYLANDBLACKWATER NWR2145 Key Wallace Dr.Cambridge, MD 21613(410) 228-2677EASTERN NECK NWR1730 Eastern Neck Rd.Rock Hall, MD 21661(410) 639-7056GLENN MARTIN NWR Smith IslandEwell, MD 21824(410) 228-2692 PATUXENT RESEARCH REFUGE10901 Scarlet Tanager LoopLaurel, MD 20708-4027(301) 497-5582SUSQUEHANNA NWR2145 Key Wallace Dr.Cambridge, MD 21613(410) 228-2692MASSACHUSETTSGREAT MEADOWS NWRWeir Hill Rd.Sudbury, MA 01776(978) 443-4661JOHN HAY NWRWikis Way, Morris IslandChatams, MA 01776(978) 443-4661MASHPEE NWRWeir Hill Rd.Sudbury, MA 02633(978) 443-466149

KANSASFLINT HILLS NWR530 W. Maple, P.O. Box 128 Hartford, KS 66854(316) 392-5553KIRWIN NWRR.R. 1, Box 103 Kirwin, KS 67644(785) 543-6673MARAIS DES CYGNES NWRRte. 2, Box 185A Pleasanton, KS 66075(913) 352-8956QUIVIRA NWRR.R. 3, Box 48A Stafford, KS 67530(316) 486-2393KENTUCKYCLARKS RIVER NWRP.O. Box 89 Benton, KY 42025(502) 527-5770LOUISIANAATCHAFALAYA NWR112 Speck Ln.Port Barre, LA 70507(318) 585-2101BAYOU COCODRIE NWRP.O. Box 1772 Ferriday, LA 71334(318) 336-7119BAYOU SAUVAGE NWR1010 Gause Blvd., Bldg. 936 Slidell, LA 70458(504) 646-7544BIG BRANCH MARSH NWR112 Speck Ln.Port Barre, LA 70507(318) 585-2101BLACK BAYOU LAKE NWR11372 Hwy. 143Farmerville, LA 71241(318) 726-4400

BOGUE CHITTO NWR112 Speck Ln.Port Barre, LA 70507(318) 585-2101BRETON NWR112 Speck Ln.Port Barre, LA 70507(318) 585-2101CAMERON PRAIRIE NWR1428 Hwy. 27 Bell City, LA 70630(318) 598-2216CATAHOULA NWRP.O. Drawer Z Rhinehart, LA 71363-0201(318) 992-5261D’ARBONNE NWR11372 Hwy. 143Farmerville, LA 71241(318) 726-4222DELTA NWRP.O. Box 934Venice, LA 90091(504) 534-2235GRAND COTE NWR401 Island Rd. Marksville, LA 71351(318) 253-4238HANDY BRAKE NWR11372 Hwy. 143 Farmerville, LA 71241(318) 726-4400LACASSINE NWR209 Nature Rd. Lake Arthur, LA 70549(318) 774-5923LAKE OPHELIA NWR401 Island Rd. Marksville, LA 71351(318) 253-4238LOUISIANA WMD11372 Hwy. 143Farmerville, LA 71241(318) 726-4400MANDALAY NWR1428 Hwy. 27Bell City, LA 70630(504) 853-107848

CRANE MEADOWS NWR19502 Iris Rd.Little Falls, MN 56345(320) 632-1575DETROIT LAKES WMD2664 N. Tower Rd.Detroit Lakes, MN 56501-7959(218) 847-4431FERGUS FALLS WMDRte. 1, Box 76Fergus Falls, MN 56537(218) 739-2291HAMDEN SLOUGH NWR21212 210th St.Audubon, MN 56511(218) 439-6319LITCHFIELD WMD971 E. Frontage Rd.Litchfield, MN 55355(320) 693-2849MINNESOTA VALLEY NWR3815 E. 80th St.Bloomington, MN 55425-1600(952) 854-5900MINNESOTA VALLEY WMD3815 E. 80th St.Bloomington, MN 55425-1600(952) 854-5900MORRIS WMDRte. 1, Box 877Morris, MN 56267(320) 589-1001MILLE LACS NWRRte. 2, Box 67McGregor, MN 55760(218) 768-2402RICE LAKE NWRRte. 2, Box 67McGregor, MN 55760(218) 768-2402RYDELL NWRRte. 3, Box 105Erskine, MN 56535(218) 687-2229SHERBURNE NWR17076-293rd AvenueZimmerman, MN 55398(763) 389-3323

TAMARAC NWR37504 County Hwy. 26Rochert, MN 56578(218) 847-2641TAMARAC WMD37504 County Hwy. 26Rochert, MN 56578(218) 847-2641UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER NWR51 E. 4th St., Rm. 101Winona, MN 55987(507) 452-4232WINDOM WMDRte. 1, Box 273AWindom, MN 56101-9663(507) 831-2220MISSISSIPPIDAHOMEY NWRP.O. Box 1070, 2776 Sunset Dr.Grenada, MS 38902-1070(601) 226-8286GRAND BAY NWRP.O. Box 1062Grand Bay, AL 36541(228) 497-6322HILLSIDE NWRRte. 1, Box 286Hollandale, MS 38748(601) 839-2638MATHEWS BRAKE NWRRte. 1, Box 286Hollandale, MS 38748(601) 839-2638MISSISSIPPI WMDP.O. Box 1070, 2776 Sunset DriveGrenada, MS 38901(601) 226-8286MISSISSIPPI SANDHILL CRANE NWR 7200 Crane Ln.Gautier, MS 39553-2500(228) 497-6322MORGAN BRAKE NWRRte. 1, Box 286Hollandale, MS 38748(601) 839-2638

51

MASSASOIT NWRWeir Hill Rd.Sudbury, MA 01776(978) 443-4661MONOMOY NWRWikis Way, Morris Island Chatham, MA 02633(508) 945-0594NANTUCKET NWRWeir Hill Rd.Sudbury, MA 01776(978) 443-4661NOMANS LAND ISLAND NWRWeir Hill Rd.Sudbury, MA 01776(978) 443-4661OXBOW NWRWeir Hill Rd.Sudbury, MA 01776(978) 443-4661PARKER RIVER NWR261 Northern Blvd., Plum IslandNewburyport, MA 01950-4315(978) 465-5753SILVIO O. CONTE NWR38 Ave. ATurners Falls, MA 01376(413) 863-0209THACHER ISLAND NWR261 Northern Blvd., Plum IslandNewburyport, MA 01950(978) 465-5753WAPACK NWRWeir Hill Rd.Sudbury, MA 01776(978) 443-4661MICHIGANEAST LANSING PRIVATE LANDOFFICE/MICHIGAN WMD2651 Coolidge Rd.East Lansing, MI 48823(517) 351-4230GRAVEL ISLAND NWRW4279 Headquarters Rd.Mayville, WI 53050(414) 387-2658

HARBOR ISLAND NWRHCR 2, Box 1Seney, MI 49883(906) 586-9851HURON NWRHCR 2, Box 1Seney, MI 49883(906) 586-9851KIRTLANDS WARBLER WMAHCR 2, Box 1Seney, MI 49883(906) 586-9851MICHIGAN ISLANDS NWRHCR 2, Box 1Seney, MI 49883(906) 586-9851SENEY NWRHCR 2, Box 1Seney, MI 49883(906) 586-9851SHIAWASSEE NWR6975 Mower Rd.Saginaw, MI 48601(517) 777-5930WHITEFISH POINT NWRHCR 2, Box 1Seney, MI 49883(906) 586-9851WYANDOTTE NWR6975 Mower Rd.Saginaw, MI 48601(517) 777-5930MINNESOTAAGASSIZ NWRRte. 1, Box 74Middle River, MN 56737(218) 449-4115BIG STONE NWRR.R.1, Box 25Odessa, MN 56276(320) 273-2191BIG STONE WMDR.R.1, Box 25Odessa, MN 56276(320) 273-2191

50

HAILSTONE NWRP.O. Box 110, Airport Rd.Lewistown, MT 59457(406) 538-8706HALFBREED LAKE NWRP.O. Box 110, Airport Rd.Lewistown, MT 59457(406) 538-8706HEWITT LAKE NWRHC 65 Box 5700Malta, MT 59538(406) 654-2863LAKE MASON NWRP.O. Box 110, Airport Rd.Lewistown, MT 59457(406) 538-8706LAKE THIBADEAU NWRHC 65 Box 5700Malta, MT 59538(406) 654-2863LAMESTEER NWR223 N. Shore Rd.Medicine Lake, MT 59247-9600(406) 789-2305LEE METCALF NWRP.O. Box 247Stevensville, MT 59870(406) 777-5552MEDICINE LAKE NWR223 N. Shore Rd.Medicine Lake, MT 59247-9600(406) 789-2305MEDICINE LAKE WMD223 N. Shore Rd.Medicine Lake, MT 59247-9600(406) 789-2305NATIONAL BISON RANGE132 Bison Range Rd.Moiese, MT 59824(406) 644-2211NINE-PIPE NWR132 Bison Range Rd.Moiese, MT 59824(406) 644-2211NORTHWEST MONTANA WMD132 Bison Range Rd.Moiese, MT 59824(406) 644-2211

PABLO NWR132 Bison Range Rd.Moiese, MT 59824(406) 644-2211RED ROCK LAKES NWRMonida Star Rte., Box 15Lima, MT 59739(406) 276-3536SWAN RIVER NWR780 Creston Hatchery Rd.Kalispell, MT 59901(406) 758-6878UL BEND NWRP.O. Box 110, Airport Rd.Lewistown, MT 59457(406) 538-8706WAR HORSE NWRP.O. Box 110, Airport Rd.Lewistown, MT 59457(406) 538-8706NEBRASKACRESCENT LAKE NWRHC68, Box 21Ellsworth, NE 69340(308) 762-4893FORT NIOBRARA NWRHidden Timber Rte., HC 14, Box 67Valentine, NE 69201(402) 376-3789NORTH PLATTE NWR115 Railway St.Scottsbluff, NE 69361-1346(308) 635-7851RAINWATER BASIN WMD2610 Ave. Q, Box 1686Kearney, NE 68848(308) 236-5015VALENTINE NWRHC 14, Box 67Valentine, NE 69201(402) 376-3789NEVADAANAHO ISLAND NWRP.O. Box 1236Fallon, NV 89406(775) 423-512853

NOXUBEE NWRRte.1, Box 142Brooksville, MS 39739(662) 323-5548PANTHER SWAMP NWRRte. 1, Box 286Hollandale, MS 38748(601) 746-5060ST. CATHERINE CREEK NWRP. O. Box 117Sibley, MS 39165(601) 442-6696TALLAHATCHIE NWRP.O. Box 1070, 2776 Sunset DriveGrenada, MS 38901(601) 226-8286YAZOO NWRRte. 1, Box 286Hollandale, MS 38748(601) 839-2638MISSOURIBIG MUDDY NWR4200 New Haven Rd.Columbia, MO 65201(573) 876-1826CLARENCE CANNON NWRP.O. Box 88Annada, MO 63330(573) 847-2333MARK TWAIN NWRP.O. Box 88Annada, MO 63330(573) 847-2333MINGO NWR24279 Hwy. 51Puxico, MO 63960(573) 222-3589OZARK CAVEFISH NWR24279 Hwy. 51Puxico, MO 63960(573) 222-3589PILOT KNOB NWR24279 Hwy. 51Puxico, MO 63960(573) 222-3589

SQUAW CREEK NWRP.O. Box 158Mound City, MO 64470(660) 442-3187SWAN LAKE NWRRte. 1, Box 29ASumner, MO 64681(660) 856-3323MONTANABENTON LAKE NWR922 Bootlegger TrailGreat Falls, MT 59404-6133(406) 727-7400BENTON LAKE WMD922 Bootlegger TrailGreat Falls, MT 59404-6133(406) 727-7400BLACK COULEE NWRHC 65 Box 5700Malta, MT 59538(406) 654-2863BLACKFOOT VALLEY WMA922 Bootlegger TrailGreat Falls, MT 59404-6133(406) 727-7400BOWDOIN NWRHC 65 Box 5700Malta, MT 59538(406) 654-2863BOWDOIN WMDHC 65 Box 5700Malta, MT 59538(406) 654-2863CHARLES M. RUSSELL NWRP.O. Box 110Lewistown, MT 59457(406) 538-8706CHARLES M. RUSSELL WMDP.O. Box 110Lewistown, MT 59457(406) 538-8706CREEDMAN COULEE NWRHC 65 Box 5700Malta, MT 59538(406) 654-2863

52

SAN ANDRES NWRP.O. Box 756Las Cruces, NM 88004(505) 382-5047SEVILLETA NWRP. O. Box 1248Socorro, NM 87801(505) 864-4021NEW YORKAMAGANSETT NWRP.O. Box 21, Smith Rd.Shirley, NY 11967-0021(516) 286-0485CONSCIENCE POINT NWRP.O. Box 21, Smith Rd.Shirley, NY 11967-0021SHIRLEY, NY 1(516) 286-0485ELIZABETH A. MORTON NWRP.O. Box 21, Smith Rd.Shirley, NY 11967(516) 286-0485IROQUOIS NWR1101 Casey Rd.Basom, NY 14013(716) 948-9154MONTEZUMA NWR3395 Rtes. 5/20 E.Seneca Falls, NY 13148(315) 568-5987OYSTER BAY NWR P.O. Box 21, Smith Rd.Shirley, NY 11967-0021(516) 286-0485SEATUCK NWRP.O. Box 21, Smith Rd.Shirley, NY 11967-0021(516) 286-0485ST. LAWRENCE WMD1490 Boland Rd.Richville, NY 13681(315) 287-9093TARGET ROCK NWRP.O. Box 21, Smith Rd.Shirley, NY 11967-0021(516) 286-0485

WERTHEIM NWRP.O. Box 21, Smith Rd.Shirley, NY 11967-0021(516) 286-0485NORTH CAROLINAALLIGATOR RIVER NWRP.O. Box 1969Manteo, NC 27954(252) 473-1131CEDAR ISLAND NWRRte. 1, Box N-2Swan Quarter, NC 27885(252) 926-4021CURRITUCK NWRP.O. Box 39Knotts Island, NC 27950-0039(252) 429-3100MACKAY ISLAND NWRP.O. Box 39Knotts Island, NC 27950-0039(252) 429-3100MATTAMUSKEET NWRRte. 1, Box N-2Swan Quarter, NC 27885(252) 926-4021PEA ISLAND NWRP.O. Box 1969Manteo, NC 27954(252) 987-2394PEE DEE NWRRte. 1, Box 92Wadesboro, NC 28170(704) 694-4424POCOSIN LAKES NWR3255 Shore Dr.Creswell, NC 27928(919) 797-4431ROANOKE RIVER NWRP.O. Box 430, 204 S. Queen St.Windsor, NC 27983(919) 794-5326SWANQUARTER NWRRte. 1, Box N-2 Swan Quarter, NC 27885(252) 926-4021NORTH DAKOTA

55

ASH MEADOWS NWRHCR70, Box 6101-ZAmargosa Valley, NV 89020(775) 372-5435DESERT NWR COMPLEX AND RANGE1500 N. Decatur Blvd.Las Vegas, NV 89108-1218(702) 646-3401FALLON NWR1000 Auction Rd., P.O. Box 1236Fallon, NV 89406(775) 423-5128MOAPA VALLEY NWR1500 N. Decatur Blvd.Las Vegas, NV 89108-1218(775) 646-3401PAHRANAGAT NWRP.O. Box 510Alamo, NV 89001(775) 725-3417RUBY LAKE NWRHC 60 Box 860Ruby Valley, NV 89833(775) 779-2237SHELDON-HART MOUNTAIN NWRU.S.P.O., Rm. 301, Box 111Lakeview, OR 97630-0107(541) 947-3315STILLWATER NWR1000 Auction Rd, P.O. Box 1236Fallon, NV 89406(775) 423-5128NEW HAMPSHIREGREAT BAY NWR336 Nimble Hill Rd.Newington, NH 03801(603) 431-7511JOHN HAY NWRP.O. Box 276New Bury, NH 03255 (603) 763-4789LAKE UMBAGOG NWRP.O. Box 240Errol, NH 03579(603) 482-3415

WAPACK NWRWeirhill Rd.Sudbury, MA 01776(978) 443-4661NEW JERSEYCAPE MAY NWR24 Kimbles Beach Rd.Cape May Courthouse, NJ 08210-2078(609) 463-0994EDWIN B. FORSYTHE NWRP.O. Box 72, Great Creek Rd.Oceanville, NJ 08231(609) 652-1665GREAT SWAMP NWR152 Pleasant Plains Rd.Basking Ridge, NJ 07920-9615(973) 425-1222SUPAWNA MEADOWS NWR197 Lighthouse Rd.Pennsville, NJ 08070(856) 935-1487WALLKILL RIVER NWR1547 Co. Rte. 565Sussex, NJ 07461-4013(973) 702-7266NEW MEXICOBITTER LAKE NWRP.O. Box 7Roswell, NM 88202(505) 622-6755BOSQUE DEL APACHE NWRP.O. Box 1246Socorro, NM 87801(505) 835-1828GRULLA NWRP.O. Box 549Muleshoe, TX 79447(806) 446-3341LAS VEGAS NWRRte. 1, Box 399Las Vegas, NM 87701(505) 425-3581MAXWELL NWRP.O. Box 276Maxwell, NM 87728(505) 375-233154

J. CLARK SALYER WMDP.O. Box 66Upham, ND 58789(701) 768-2548JOHNSON LAKE NWR7745 11th St. SEPingree, ND 58476(701) 285-3341KELLYS SLOUGH NWRP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611KULM WMDP.O. Box EKulm, ND 58456-0170(701) 647-2866LAKE ALICE NWRP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611LAKE ELSIE NWR9754 1431/2 Ave. SECayuga, ND 58013(701) 724-3598LAKE GEORGE NWR12000 353rd St. SEMoffit, ND 58560-9740(701) 387-4397LAKE ILO NWRP.O. Box 127Dunn Center, ND 58626(701) 548-8110LAKE NETTIE NWR3275 11th St. NWColeharbor, ND 58531(701) 442-5474LAKE OTIS NWR3275 11th St. NWColeharbor, ND 58531(701) 442-5474LAKE PATRICIA NWR1500 Capitol Ave.Bismarck, ND 58501(701) 236-8145LAKE ZAHL NWRP.O. Box 148Crosby, ND 58730-0148(701) 965-6488

LAMBS LAKE NWRP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611LITTLE GOOSE NWRP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611LONG LAKE NWR12000 353rd St. SEMoffit, ND 58560-9740(701) 387-4397LONG LAKE WMD12000 353rd St. SEMoffit, ND 58560-9740(701) 387-4397LORDS LAKE NWRP.O. Box 66Upham, ND 58789(701) 768-2548LOST LAKE NWR3275 11th St. NWColeharbor, ND 58531(701) 442-5474LOSTWOOD NWR8315 Hwy. 8Kenmare, ND 58746-9046(701) 848-2722LOSTWOOD WMDP.O. Box 578Kenmare, ND 58746-0578(701) 848-2466MAPLE RIVER NWRP.O. Box EKulm, ND 58456-0170(701) 647-2866MCLEAN NWR3275 11th St. NWColeharbor, ND 58531(701) 442-5474PLEASANT LAKE NWRP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611PRETTY ROCK NWR3275 11th St. NWColeharbor, ND 58531(701) 442-547457

NORTH DAKOTAARDOCH NWRP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611APPERT LAKE NWR12000 353rd St. SEMoffit, ND 58560-9740(701) 387-4397ARROWWOOD NWR7745 11th St. SEPingree, ND 58476(701) 285-3341ARROWWOOD WMD7745 11th St. SEPingree, ND 58476(701) 285-3341AUDUBON NWR3275 11th St. NWColeharbor, ND 58531-9419(701) 442-5474AUDUBON WMD3275 11th St. NWColeharbor, ND 58531-9419(701) 442-5474BONE HILL NWRP.O. Box EKulm, ND 58456-0170(701) 647-2866BRUMBA NWRP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611BUFFALO LAKE NWRP.O. Box 66Upham, ND 58789(701) 768-2548CAMP LAKE NWR3275 11th St. NWColeharbor, ND 58531(701) 442-5474CANFIELD LAKE NWR12000 353rd St. SEMoffit, ND 58560-9740(701) 387-4397CHASE LAKE5924 19th St. SEWoodworth, ND 58496(701) 752-4218

CHASE LAKE PRAIRIE PROJECT WMD5924 19th St. SEWoodworth, ND 58496(701) 752-4218COTTONWOOD NWRP.O. Box 66Upham, ND 58789(701) 768-2548CROSBY WMDP.O. Box 148Crosby, ND 58730-0148(701) 965-6488DAKOTA LAKE NWRP.O. Box EKulm, ND 58456-0170(701) 647-2866DES LACS NWRP.O. Box 578Kenmare, ND 58746-0578(701) 385-4046DEVILS LAKE WMDP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611FLORENCE LAKE NWR12000 353rd St. SEMoffit, ND 58560-9740(701) 387-4397HALF-WAY LAKE NWR11515 River Rd.Valley City, ND 58072-9619(701) 845-3466HIDDENWOOD NWR3275 11th St. NW Coleharbor, ND 58531(701) 442-5474HOBART LAKE NWR11515 River Rd.Valley City, ND 58072-9619(701) 845-3466HUTCHINSON LAKE NWR12000 353rd St. SEMoffit, ND 58560-9740(701) 387-4397J. CLARK SALYER NWRP.O. Box 66Upham, ND 58789(701) 768-254856

WILLOW LAKE NWRP.O. Box 66Upham, ND 58789(701) 768-2548WINTERING RIVER NWRP.O. Box 66Upham, ND 58789(701) 768-2548WOOD LAKE NWRP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611OHIOCEDAR POINT NWR14000 W. Rte.2Oak Harbor, OH 43449(419) 898-0014OTTAWA NWR14000 W. Rte. 2Oak Harbor, OH 43449(419) 898-0014WEST SISTER ISLAND NWR14000 W. Rte. 2Oak Harbor, OH 43449(419) 898-0014OKLAHOMADEEP FORK NWRP.O. Box 816Okmulgee, OK 74447(918) 756-0815LITTLE RIVER NWRP.O. Box 340Broken Bow, OK 74728(580) 584-6211LITTLE SANDY NWRP.O. Box 340Broken Bow, OK 74728(580) 584-6211OPTIMA NWRRte. 1, Box 68Butler, OK 73625(580) 664-2205OZARK PLATEAU NWRRte. 1, Box 18AVian, OK 74962(918) 773-5251

SALT PLAINS NWRRte. 1, Box 76Jet, OK 73749(580) 626-4794SEQUOYAH NWRRte. 1, Box 18AVian, OK 74962(918) 773-5251TISHOMINGO NWR12000 South Refuge Rd. Tishomingo, OK 73460(580) 371-2402WASHITA NWRRte. 1, Box 68Butler, OK 73625(580) 664-2205WICHITA MOUNTAINS NWRR.R. 1, Box 448Indiahoma, OK 73552(580) 429-3221OREGONANKENY NWR2301 Wintel Rd.Jefferson, OR 97352-9758(503) 588-2701BANDON MARSH NWRc/o Oregon Coastal Refuges2127 SE OSU Dr.Newport, OR 97365-5258(541) 867-4550BASKETT SLOUGH NWR10995 Hwy. 22Dallas, OR 97338-9343(503) 623-2749BEAR VALLEY NWRRte. 1, Box 74Tulelake, CA 96134-9715(530) 667-2231CAPE MEARES NWRc/o Oregon Coastal Refuges2127 SE OSU Dr.Newport, OR 97365-5258(541) 867-4550COLD SPRINGS NWRP.O. Box 700Umatilla, OR 97882-0700(541) 922-323259

RABB LAKE NWRP.O. Box 66Upham, ND 58789(701) 768-2548ROCK LAKE NWRP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611ROSE LAKE NWRP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611SCHOOL SECTION LAKE NWRP.O. Box 66Upham, ND 58789(701) 768-2548SHELL LAKE NWR8315 Hwy. 8Kenmare, ND 58746-0578(701) 385-4046SHEYENNE LAKE NWR3275 11th St. NWColeharbor, ND 58531(701) 442-5474SIBLEY LAKE NWR11515 River Rd.Valley City, ND 58072-9619(701) 845-3466SILVER LAKE NWRP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611SLADE NWR12000 353rd St. SEMoffit, ND 58560-9740(701) 387-4397SNYDER LAKE NWRP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611SPRINGWATER NWR12000 353rd St. SEMoffit, ND 58560-9740(701) 387-4397STEWART LAKE NWR3275 11th St. NWColeharbor, ND 58531(701) 442-5474

STONEY SLOUGH NWR11515 River Rd.Valley City, ND 58072-9619(701) 845-3466STORM LAKE NWR9754 143 1/2 Ave. SECayuga, ND 58013(701) 724-3598STUMP LAKE NWR P.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611SULLYS HILL NATIONAL GAMEPRESERVEP.O. Box 908Devils Lake, ND 58301(701) 662-8611SUNBURST LAKE NWR12000 353rd St. SEMoffit, ND 58560-9740(701) 387-4397TEWAUKON NWR9754 143 1/2 Ave. SECayuga, ND 58013(701) 724-3598TEWAUKON WMD9754 143 1/2 Ave. SECayuga, ND 58013(701) 724-3598TOMAHAWK NWR11515 River Rd.Valley City, ND 58072-9619(701) 845-3466UPPER SOURIS NWR17705 212th Ave. NWBerthold, ND 58718-9666(701) 468-5467VALLEY CITY WMD11515 River Rd.Valley City, ND 58072-9619(701) 845-3466WHITE LAKE NWR3275 11th St. NWColeharbor, ND 58531(701) 442-5474WILD RICE LAKE NWR9754 143 1/2 Ave. SECayuga, ND 58013(701) 724-359858

61

BUCK ISLAND NWR P.O. Box 510Boqueron, PR 00622(787) 851-7258 GREEN CAY NWR P.O. Box 510Boqueron, PR 00622(787) 851-7258RHODE ISLANDBLOCK ISLAND NWRP.O. Box 307, Shoreline Plaza, Route 1ACharlestown, RI 02813(401) 364-9124NINIGRET NWRP.O. Box 307, Shoreline Plaza, Route 1ACharlestown, RI 02813(401) 364-9124PETTAQUAMSCUTT COVE NWRP.O. Box 307, Shoreline Plaza, Route 1ACharlestown, RI 02813(401) 364-9124SACHUEST POINT NWRP.O. Box 307, Shoreline Plaza, Route 1ACharlestown, RI 02813(401) 364-9124TRUSTOM POND NWRP.O. Box 307, Shoreline Plaza, Route 1ACharlestown, RI 02813(401) 364-9124SOUTH CAROLINAACE BASIN NWRP.O. Box 848Hollywood, SC 29449(803) 889-3084CAPE ROMAIN NWR5801 Hwy. 17NAwendaw, SC 29429(843) 928-3264CAROLINA SANDHILLS NWRRte. 2, Box 330McBee, SC 29101(803) 335-8401PINCKNEY ISLAND NWR1000 Business Center Dr., Suite 10Savannah, GA 31405(912) 652-4415

SANTEE NWRRte. 2, Box 370Summerton, SC 29148(803) 478-2217TYBEE NWR1000 Business Center Dr., Suite 10Savannah, GA 31405(912) 652-4415WACCAMAW NWR5801 Hwy. 17 N.Awendaw, SC 29429(843) 928-3264SOUTH DAKOTAHURON WMDRm. 317 Federal Bldg, 200 4th St. SWHuron, SD 57350(605) 352-5894KARL E. MUNDT NWR38672 291st St.Lake Andes, SD 57356-6838(605) 487-7603LACREEK NWRHC 5 Box 114Martin, SD 57551(605) 685-6508LACREEK WMDHC 5 Box 114Martin, SD 57551(605) 685-6508LAKE ANDES NWR38672 291st St.Lake Andes, SD 57356-6838(605) 487-7603LAKE ANDES WMD38672 291st St.Lake Andes, SD 57356-6838(605) 487-7603MADISON WMDP.O. Box 48Madison, SD 57042-0048(605) 256-2974POCASSE NWR39650 Sand Lake Dr.Columbia, SD 57433(605) 885-6320

HART MOUNTAIN NATIONALANTELOPE REFUGEP.O. Box 21Plush, OR 96737(541) 947-3315KLAMATH MARSH NWRHC 63, Box 303Chiloquin, OR 97624-9616(541) 783-3380LEWIS AND CLARK NWRP.O. Box 566Cathlamet, WA 98612-0566(360) 795-3915MALHEUR NWRHC 72, Box 245Princeton, OR 97721-9305(541) 493-2612MCKAY CREEK NWRP.O. Box 700Umatilla, OR 97882-0700(541) 922-3232NESTUCCA BAY NWRc/o Oregon Coastal Refuges2127 SE OSU Dr.Newport, OR 97365-5258(541) 867-4550OREGON ISLANDS NWRc/o Oregon Coastal Refuges2127 SE OSU Dr.Newport, OR 97365-5258(541) 867-4550SILETZ BAY NWRc/o Oregon Coastal Refuges2127 SE OSU Dr.Newport, OR 97365-5258(541) 867-4550THREE ARCH ROCKS NWRc/o Oregon Coastal Refuges2127 SE OSU Dr.Newport, OR 97365-5258(541) 867-4550TUALATIN RIVER NWR16340 SW Beef Bend Rd.Sherwood, OR 97140-8306(503) 590-5811UMATILLA NWRP.O. Box 700Umatilla, OR 97882-0700(541) 922-3232

UPPER KLAMATH NWRRte. 1, Box 74, Hill Rd.Tulelake, CA 93216-0670(805) 725-2767WAPATO NWR16340 SW Beef Bend Rd.Sherwood, OR 97140-8306(503) 590-5811WILLIAM L. FINLEY NWR26208 Finley Refuge Rd.Corvallis, OR 97333-9533(541) 757-7236PENNSYLVANIAERIE NWR11296 Wood Duck Ln.Guys Mills, PA 16327(814) 789-3585JOHN HEINZ NWR AT TINICUMInternational Plaza 2, Suite 104Philadelphia, PA 19113(610) 521-0662PUERTO RICO AND U. S.VIRGIN ISLANDSCABO ROJO NWR P.O. Box 510Boqueron, PR 00622(787) 851-7258DESECHEO NWR P.O. Box 510Boqueron, PR 00622(787) 851-7258LAGUNA CARTAGENA NWR P.O. Box 510Boqueron, PR 00622(787) 851-7258CULEBRA NWR P.O. Box 510Boqueron, PR 00622(787) 851-7258SANDY POINT NWR P.O. Box 510Boqueron, PR 00622(787) 851-7258

60

MOODY NWRP.O. Box 278Anahuac, TX 77514(409) 267-3337MULESHOE NWRP. O. Box 549Muleshoe, TX 79347(806) 946-3341SAN BERNARD NWRRte. 1, Box 1335Brazoria, TX 77422(979) 964-3639 SANTA ANA NWRRte. 2, Box 202AAlamo, TX 78516(956) 787-3079TEXAS POINT NWRP.O. Box 609Sabine Pass, TX 77655(409) 971-2909TRINITY RIVER NWRP. O. Box 10015, 1351 N. MainLiberty, TX 77575(936) 336-9786UTAHBEAR RIVER NWR58 South 950 W.Brigham City, UT 84302(435) 723-5887FISH SPRINGS NWRP.O. Box 568Dugway, UT 84022(435) 831-5353OURAY NWR266 W. 100 N., Suite 2Vernal, UT 84078(435) 789-0351VERMONTMISSISQUOI NWRP.O. Box 163Swanton, VT 05488(802) 868-4781

VIRGINIABACK BAY NWR4005 South Sandpiper Rd.Virginia Beach, VA 23456-2412(757) 721-2412CHINCOTEAGUE NWRP.O. Box 62Chincoteague, VA 23336(757) 336-6122EASTERN SHORE OF VA NWR5003 Hallett CircleCape Charles, VA 23310(757) 331-2760FEATHERSTONE NWR14344 Jefferson Davis HwyWoodbridge, VA 22191-2890(703) 690-1297FISHERMAN ISLAND NWR5003 Hallett CircleCape Charles, VA 23310(757) 331-2760GREAT DISMAL SWAMP NWRP.O. Box 349, 3100 Dessert Rd.Suffolk, VA 23439-0349(757) 986-3705JAMES RIVER NWRP.O. Box 189, 6610 Commons Dr., Suite 203Prince George, VA 23875(804) 733-8042MARUMSEO NWR14344 Jefferson Davis HwyWoodbridge, VA 22191(703) 690-1297MASON NECK NWR14344 Jefferson Davis HwyWoodbridge, VA 22191-2890(703) 490-4979NANSEMOND NWRP.O. Box 349Suffolk, VA 23439-0349(757) 986-3705OCCOQUAN BAY NWR14344 Jefferson Davis HwyWoodbridge, VA 22191-2890(703) 490-4979

6362

SAND LAKE NWR39650 Sand Lake Dr.Columbia, SD 57433(605) 885-6320SAND LAKE WMD39650 Sand Lake Dr.Columbia, SD 57433(605) 885-6320WAUBAY NWRR.R. 1 Box 79Waubay, SD 57273-9910(605) 947-4521WAUBAY WMDR.R. 1 Box 79Waubay, SD 57273-9910(605) 947-4521TENNESSEECHICKASAW NWR1505 Sand Bluff Rd.Ripley, TN 38063(901) 635-7621CROSS CREEKS NWR643 Wildlife Rd.Dover, TN 37058(615) 232-7477HATCHIE NWR4172 Hwy. 76 S.Brownsville, TN 38012-8332(901) 772-0501LAKE ISOM NWR4343 Hwy. 157Union City, TN 38261(901) 538-2481LOWER HATCHIE NWR1505 Sand Bluff Rd.Ripley, TN 38063(901) 738-2296REELFOOT NWR 4343 Hwy. 157Union City, TN 38261(901) 538-2481TENNESSEE NWRP.O. Box 849, 810 E. Wood St., Suite BParis, TN 38242(901) 642-2091

ANAHUAC NWRP.O. Box 278Anahuac, TX 77514(409) 267-3337ARANSAS NWRP.O. Box 100Austwell, TX 77950(361) 286-3559ATTWATER PRAIRIE CHICKEN NWRP.O. Box 519Eagle Lake, TX 77434(409) 234-3021BALCONES CANYONLANDS NWR10711 Burnet Rd., Suite 201Austin, TX 78758(512) 339-9432BRAZORIA NWR1212 N. Velasco, Suite 200Angleton, TX 77515(979) 849-7771BIG BOGGY NWR1212 N. Velasco, Suite 200Angleton, TX 77515(979) 849-7771BUFFALO LAKE NWRP.O. Box 179Umbarger, TX 79091(806) 499-3382GRULLA NWRP. O. Box 549Muleshoe, TX 79347(806) 946-3341HAGERMAN NWR6465 Refuge Rd.Sherman, TX 75092-5817(903) 786-2826LAGUNA ATASCOSA NWRP.O. Box 450Rio Hondo, TX 78583-0450(956) 748-3607LOWER RIO GRANDE VALLEY NWRRte 2, Box 202AAlamo, TX 78516(210) 787-3079MCFADDIN NWRP.O. Box 609Sabine Pass, TX 77655(409) 971-2909

TURNBULL NWR26010 South Smith Rd.Cheney, WA 99004-9326(509) 235-4723WILLAPA NWRHC 01, Box 910Ilwaco, WA 98624-9707(360) 484-3482WEST VIRGINIACANAAN VALLEY NWRHC 70, Box 200Davis, WV 26260(304) 866-3858OHIO RIVER ISLANDS NWRP.O. Box 1811, 3004 7th St.Parkersburg, WV 26102-1811(304) 422-0752WISCONSINFOX RIVER NWRW4279 Headquarters Rd.Mayville, WI 53050(414) 387-2658GRAVEL ISLAND NWRW4279 Headquarters Rd.Mayville, WI 53050(414) 387-2658GREEN BAY NWRW4279 Headquarters Rd.Mayville, WI 53050(414) 387-2658HORICON NWRW4279 Headquarters Rd.Mayville, WI 53050(414) 387-2658LEOPOLD WMDW4279 Headquarters Rd.Mayville, WI 53050(920) 387-0336NECEDAH NWR7996 20th St. W.Necedah, WI 54646-7531(608) 565-2551ST. CROIX WMD1764 95th St.New Richmond, WI 54017(715) 246-7784

TREMPEALEAU NWRW28488 Refuge Rd.Trempealeau, WI 54661-8272(608) 539-2311WYOMINGBAMFORTH NWR P.O. Box 457Walden, CO 80480(970) 723-8202COKEVILLE MEADOWS NWRP.O. Box 700Green River, WY 82935-0700(307) 875-2187HUTTON LAKE NWRP.O. Box 457Walden, CO 80480(970) 723-8202MORTENSON LAKE NWRP.O. Box 457Walden, CO 80480(970) 723-8202NATIONAL ELK REFUGE675 E. Bdwy., P. O. Box CJackson, WY 83001(307) 733-9212PATHFINDER NWRP.O. Box 457Walden, CO 80480(970) 723-8202SEEDSKADEE NWRP.O. Box 700Green River, WY 82935-0700(307) 875-2187

6564

PLUM TREE ISLAND NWR4005 South Sandpiper Rd.Virginia Beach, VA 23456-4325(757) 721-2412PRESQUILE NWRP.O .Box 189Prince George, VA 23875(804) 733-8042RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER VALLEY NWRP.O. Box 189Prince George, VA 23875(804) 733-8042WALLOPS ISLAND NWRP.O. Box 62Chincoteague, VA 23336(757) 336-6122WASHINGTONARID LANDS NWR COMPLEX3250 Port of Benton Blvd.Richland, WA 99352(509) 427-5905COLUMBIA NWRP.O. Drawer F, 735 East Main St.Othello, WA 99344-0227(509) 488-2668CONBOY LAKE NWRP.O. Box 5, 100 Wildlife Refuge Rd. Glenwood, WA 98619-0005(509) 364-3410COPALIS NWR33 South Barr Rd.Port Angeles, WA 98362(360) 457-8451DUNGENESS NWR33 S. Barr Rd.Port Angeles, WA 98362-9202(360) 457-8451FLATTERY ROCKS NWR33 South Barr Rd.Port Angeles, WA 98362(360) 457-8451FRANZ LAKE NWR36052 SR 14Stevenson, WA 98648-9541(509) 427-5208GRAYS HARBOR NWR100 Brown Farm Rd.Olympia, WA 98516-2302(360) 753-9467

JULIA B. HANSEN NWRP.O. Box 566Cathlamet, WA 98612-0566(360) 795-3915LITTLE PEND OREILLE NWR1310 Bear Creek Rd.Colville, WA 99114-9713(509) 684-8384MCNARY NWR64 Maple Rd., P.O. Box 544Burbank, WA 99323(509) 547-4942 NISQUALLY NWR100 Brown Farm Rd.Olympia, WA 98516-2302(360) 753-9467PIERCE NWR36062 SR 14Stevenson, WA 98648-9541(509) 427-5208PROTECTION ISLAND NWR33 S. Barr Rd.Port Angeles, WA 98362-9202(360) 457-8451QUILLAYUTE NEEDLES NWR33 South Barr Rd.Port Angeles, WA 98362(360) 457-8451RIDGEFIELD NWRP.O. Box 457, 301 N. 3rd St.Ridgefield, WA 98642-0457(360) 887-4106SADDLE MOUNTAIN NWR3250 Port of Benton Blvd.Richland, WA 99352(509) 371-1801SAN JUAN ISLANDS NWR33 South Barr Rd.Port Angeles, WA 98362(360) 457-8451STEIGERWALD LAKE NWRP.O. Box 457, 301 N. 3rd St.Ridgefield, WA 98648-9541(509) 427-5208TOPPENISH NWR21 Pumphouse Rd.Toppenish, WA 98948(509) 865-2405

APPENDIX C. NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM