the cell pa state standards. what is a cell? the basic unit of structure and function of all living...
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The Cell
PA State Standards
What is a cell?
• The basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
• The basic building block of all organisms.
What are organelles?
• Humans have organs• Cells contain
organelles • These organelles are
like tiny organs inside a cell.
• For example: A nucleus acts like the brain of the cell.
Nucleus
Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things
• Living cells come only from other living cells.
Organization of an organism
O rg a n ismY O U
O rg a n S ys te m sd ig e s tive sys tem
O rg a nss to m a ch
T issu e ss to m a ch lin ing
C e llss to m a ch ce ll
The Cell
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
The CellCell Membrane:
2. Controls the movement of
material into & out
of the cell
3. Selectively Permeable – chooses what enters and exits the cell
1. Animal & Plant Cells
Cell Membrane
• Controls the movement of materials in to and out of the cell
• Selectively Permeable – chooses what goes in and out of cell
The Cell
Cell Wall:
3. STRONG to provide Structure and support
1. Plant Cells – NOT IN ANIMALS!!
2. Gives plant cells its shape
Ticket in the door – 5 pointsNumber your paper from 1 – 5. Answer the questions.
1.Who first discovered cells by looking at cork (last name)?
2.Does an animal cell have a cell wall? Yes or no
3.Does a plant cell have a cell wall? Yes or no
4.Does an animal cell have a cell membrane? Yes or no5.Does a plant cell have a cell membrane? Yes or no
The CellCytoplasm:
2. The ENVIRONMENT of the
cell. All organelles float in it
1. ALL CELLS
The CellNucleus:
3. Control Center
of the cell
1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Center of the cell
TWO TYPES OF CELLS
• PROKARYOTES – DOES NOT contain a NUCLEUS
• EUKARYOTES – DOES CONTAIN A NUCLEUS
The CellNuclear Membrane:
3. Allows movement in &
out of the nucleus
1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Surrounds Nucleus
The Cell
Chromosomes:
3. Stores Genetic
Information
1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. 23 PAIRS OR 46 TOTAL
The CellMitochondria:
3. Makes ENERGY for the cell. Respiration occurs here (use of oxygen to break down food particles for energy)
1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. RESPIRATION occurs here
2 types of Cellular Respiration
• Aerobic Respiration • Requires Oxygen
• Water and CO2 are waste products
• Food + Oxygen
CO2 + Water + ATP
2 Types of Cellular Respiration
• Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
• Does not require Oxygen (anaerobic)
• Yeast cells used to make bread
• Creates CO2 (makes bread rise) , alcohol (for beer, wine, champagne)
The Cell Vacuoles:
3. FOOD, WATER, and waste
are STORED here
1. Mostly Plant
2. Floating in the
cytoplasm
The CellRibosomes:
3. Proteins are made here
1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Found in the
cytoplasm & on E.R.
The CellEndoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.):
3. Transports materials
in the cell (TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Found throughout
the cytoplasm
The CellGolgi bodies:
3. Package cell materials
1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Floating in Cytoplasm
The CellLysosomes:
3. RECYCLE old or dead
cell parts
1. Mostly Animal
2. Floating in the
cytoplasm
The CellChloroplast:
3. Makes food for cell
(Photosynthesis – captures
ENERGY IN SUNLIGHT)
4. Contains CHLOROPHYLL
1. Plant Cells
2. Floating in Cytoplasm
Major differences between a plant and animal cell
• Plant cells have a cell wall – animal cells do not.
• Plant cells have chloroplasts – animal cells do not
• Plant cells have a large vacuole – animal cells do not
Cellular Energy
• Photosynthesis
• Process where plants use light for food
• Step 1: Energy in the form of sunlight is captured by the chlorophyll in the chloroplast
• Step 2: Energy captured is changed into food for plant
Photosynthesis
• Sunlight + CO2 + Water
Glucose (food) + O2
REMEMBER – PLANTS
STILL COMPLETE
RESPIRATION!
10
9
2
3
45
6
7
8
1
Review:
• Is this a plant or animal cell?
• Label the numbers
The Cell1 2
3
45
6
7
8
Cytoplasm9
10Nucleolus
Cell transport - Diffusion• Diffusion
– the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration
– Does not require Energy
• Equilibrium – when the molecules are
even throughout a space
Osmosis• Osmosis
• 80 % of cells is water– the diffusion of water (across
a membrane)
– Water will move in the direction where there is a high concentration of solute (and hence a lower concentration of water)
– Does not require Energy
Active Transport• Requires Energy (ATP) to carry an object into the cell.
• Carry molecules from low conc. to high conc.
• Uses Carrier Proteins act like doors to get the object into the cell.
• Used to carry minerals into cell (Na, K, Ca)
Endo = In
Exo = Out
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Mitosis
• In order for an organism to grow, the cells must divide.
• Each new cell is called a daughter cell.