common cell traits a cell is the basic unit of all living organisms
DESCRIPTION
Prokaryotic Cells (Pro = before Karyotic = nucleus) cells without membrane- bound structures No real nucleus, the DNA is in the cytoplasm Examples: bacteriaTRANSCRIPT
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COMMON CELL TRAITSA cell is the basic unit of all living
organisms.
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Prokaryotic Cells(Pro = before Karyotic = nucleus)
cells without membrane-bound structures
No real nucleus, the DNA is in the cytoplasm
Examples: bacteria
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Eukaryotic Cells(Eu= real karyotic = nucleus)
cells with membrane-bound structures
Has a real nucleusEX: animals,
plants, fungi
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Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells(Pro = Before Eu= real Karyotic = nucleus)
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Eukaryotes are larger
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3 types of Eukaryotes
AnimalsPlantsFungi
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Plant Cells and Animal Cells
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Plant Cells and Fungi Cells
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Comparing CellsSize Cell Wall Nucleu
sChloroplasts
Vacuole
Bacteria
Small Made of Peptidoglycan
N0 No Some bacteria have a large vacuole
Fungi Big Made of Chitin Yes No Yes
Plant Big Made of Cellulose
Yes Yes Large
Animal
Big No Yes No Small or absent
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COMPARING CELLS
The size & shape of a cell relates to its function.
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Specialised CellsYou are expected to be able to recognise the following specialised cells
Root hair cells – absorptionXylem vessels – conduction (transport) and supportPalisade Mesophyll – PhotosynthesisCiliated cells – in respiratory tractMuscle cells – contractionRed blood cells – transportNerve Cells – Conduction of impulsesSperm & Egg cells - Reproduction
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Root hair cell
Absorbs minerals and water from the soil
Large Surface area
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Xylem Cells
Transports water and minerals from roots to rest of plant
Dead cells: cell walls form a tube
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Palisade Mesophyll Cells
Boxy shape to pack as many cells as possible at the top of the leaf
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Ciliated Cells
Found in the Airways
Cilia move out mucus
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Muscle cells
Long CellsFunction is to
contractMany cells form
a regular pattern3 types (skeletal,
smooth, cardiac)
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Red Blood Cells
Transports oxygen
Large surface area
No Nucleus
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Nerve CellsLong Axon to
transport electrical signals
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Sperm Cells
Sperm cells have a tail (flagellum) for swimming
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Egg Cells
Egg Cells are large because they contain food for the developing embryo
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White Blood Cells
White Blood Cell destroys germs
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Brain Cells
Brain Cells control
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Cell structuresYou are expected to be able to recognise the following parts of a cellCell surface membraneCytoplasmNucleusVacuole(Mitochondria)
Cell Wall (plant cells only)Chloroplast (plant cells only
Other structures are
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Animal Cells
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Cell (Surface) MembraneOuter covering,
protective layer
Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell
allows waste products out of the cell.
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Cytoplasm
Jelly-like, inside cell membrane
constantly flows
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Organelles
The Cytoplasm contains several specialized structures
They are called organelles
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Nucleus
Controls all cell activities
Contains DNAUsually the largest
organelleIt is the ‘brain’ of
the cell
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Mitochondria
Organelles where Respiration happens
They are the ‘Power Plant’ of the cell
Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria
1 Mitochondrion – 2 Mitochondria
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VACUOLES
Used for Food Storage
Animal cells can have more than 1 small vacuole
Plant Cells have 1 big vacuole
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PLANT CELLSPlant Cells
have all organelles animal cells have
And a few that are only found in plant cells
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CELL WALLProtects the
plant cellGives shapeMade of
Cellulose
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CHLOROPLASTSGreen make food by
Photosynthesisfound only in
plant cells
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CHLOROPHYLL A green pigment that
gives leaves & stems their color
Captures sunlight energy that for Photosynthesis to produce Glucose
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Animal Cell
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Animal Cell
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Plant Cell
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Plant Cell
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1- Nucleus
2- Chromosomes
3- Mitochondria4- Ribosomes
5- Chloroplasts
6- Vacuoles
7- ER
8- Cell Membrane
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NAME THE ORGANELLE
d. Mitochondriab. Chloroplast
c. Golgi body a. Nucleus
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FROM CELL TO ORGANISMCell
The basic unit of life
TissueGroup of cells working together
OrganGroup of tissues working together
OrganismAny living thing made of 1 or more cells
Organ SystemGroup of organs working together