the age of nationalism and nation-building
TRANSCRIPT
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The age ofnationalism
and nation-building
HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin
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Otto von Bismarck
1815-1898
Prussian aristocrat
Entered civil service, became a diplomat
Working to strengthen Prussia
Austria emerged as a main obstacle to his plans1862 became chief minister (until 1890)
Riding the wave ofPrussian nationalism and
militarism
In perpetual conflict with liberal parliamentMight is right
HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin
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Bismarcks legacyOversaw the unification of Germany
1866: Austro-Prussian War
1867: Chancellor of the North German
Confederation
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HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin
Red colour:North German
Confederation
(mainly
Protestant states)
Yellow colour:
Allied, CatholicSouthern states
22 kingdoms, Grand duchies,
duchies, principalities, and
Free Hanseatic cities
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Map-NDB.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Map-NDB.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Map-NDB.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Map-NDB.svg -
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HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin
For comparison:Germany 2010
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Bismarcks legacy (contd)
Liberal vs. illiberal
Reaching out to the people but ignoring
parliamentary institutions1867: customs union with the Southern states
1870: Franco-Prussian War
Authoritarianism
Nationalism
New conservatism
HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin
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1859: conflict with Austria in the North
Short-lived alliance with Napoleon IIIRise ofnationalism in urban centres
Anti-foreign sentiment (with France and
Austria controlling large areas of todays
Italian state)
Growing support forKing Victor Emmanuel
as nominal head of state1860: central Italy in a merger with the
kingdom of Sardinia
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Giuseppe Garibaldi1807-1882
Participated in South Americas
anti-colonial struggle
Returned to Italy in 1848Joined anti-Austrian forces in 1859
HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
Unification of Italy:1860, with Kings support, union of north
and south; Venice joined 1866; Rome 1870
Parliamentary monarchy
A persistent North-South divide
(until today)
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Post-1848, Hungarian kingdom treated as a defeated party
This changed with the Austro-Prussian War of 1866
Austrias position weakened looking for
a compromise solution:
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise
of 1867
A dual monarchy with a shared Emperor(Franz JosephEmperor of Austria, King of
Hungary, King of Bohemia), military, and foreign policy
The Hungarian Kingdoms Slavic and other minorities
exposed to growing Magyarization pressures; non-
Magyar secondary schools closed down
HIST 3150 Shehzad Martin
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