nations, nationalism and nation-states somu

8/9/2019 Nations, Nationalism and Nation-States Somu

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Nations, Nationalism and

Nation-States


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Political Division

Political division is key characteristics of

traditional global politics;

Important source of this division Nationalism ;

It is the sense of political self that make

feel patriotic about their country;


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Indian First.


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Nations

People who share

demographic and

cultural similarities;

Possess a feeling ofcommunity; and


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Nations

Nation is intangible; itexists because itsmembers thing it does;

A State is tangible , butnation a soul, a spiritualquality

Indian are a Nation

Institutional vehicle oftheir governance Republic of India


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Demographic & Cultural similarities

Language , race and

religion

Common culture and

historical expression; - freedom struggle

- cricket

26/11 attack


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Feeling of Community

As a group feels like one;

It is imagined because

the members of even the

smallest nation will never

know most of their fellow-

members, meet then , or

even hear of them, yet in

the minds of each lives

the image of theircommunion ;


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Desire to be Politically Separate

What distinguishes a

nation from ethnic

group is that a nation,

unlike an ethnicgroup, desires to be

self-governing or at

least autonomous;


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Nationalism

It is an ideology, a

complex of related

ideas that establish

values about what isgood and bad, directs

adherents on how to

act (patriotism)


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Nationalism

Connects individuals,

their sense of

community and their

political identity incontradistinction to

other nations;


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Links are forged when

individuals

(1) become sentimentally

attached to the homeland

(2) gain a sense of

identity and self-esteemthrough their national

identification

(3) more motivated to

help their country


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Nation States

Combination of the

idea of nation and

state;

State a sovereignpolitical organization

with characteristics

such as territory, a

population and agovernment;


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Rise of Nationalism

Relatively recent phenomena;

Took an important turn in 1700s and

began to change into modern form, which

is based on the close association of the

people and the state;

Popular sovereignty people became

citizens who had a stake and were even

owners;


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Rise of Nationalism

French and American revolutions were

instrumental in driving nationalism


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Patterns of Nation- state

Nation and nationalism precede

Nation-State

Nation-states precedeNations and Nationalism

Nations, nationalism and Nation- states

evolve together;


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Nation and nationalism precede

Nation-State

When a strong sense of cultural and

political identity exists among a people,

the formation of the nation often precedes

that of the state.

In Europe , nations generally came

together first and only later formed into

states;


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Nation-states precede Nations and Nationalism

State building nationalism

Formation of the state happens first;

In such cases , a critical task of the sate is topromote internal loyalty and to create a process

whereby its diverse citizens gradually acquiretheir nationalism through common historicalexperience and the regular Socio-Eco-Politicalinteractions and cooperation that occur amongpeople living within the state;


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Nations, nationalism and Nation- states

evolve together;

Frequently nation-building and

state-building are not locked in a strict

sequential interaction, when one fully

precedes the other;

Sometimes they evolve together;

Evolution of US


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Nationalism in Practice

No ideal nation-state;

Most states are not ethically unified and

many nations exist in more than one sate;

Lack of fit between nations and sate is

significant source of international tension

and conflict;


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One State One Nation

Ideal nation but very rare;

Only about 10% of all countries are both

nationally unified and also have 90% of

that nation living within its borders;


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One State Multiple Nations

More than one nation lies within the state;

30% of states have no national majority;

Most of these minority groups do not haveseparatist tendencies, but many do or

could acquire them;

English culture v French culture in Canada


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One Nation, Multiple States

When a multi-state nation exists,

nationalist sentiments create strong

pressures to join the politically separate

nation within one state;

This often creates conflict because the

process of uniting a divided nation

threatens the territorial integrity of one ormore of the involved states;


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One Nation, No state

This occurs when a

national group is

minority in one or

more sates , does nothave a nation-state of

its own and wants

one;


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Multiple states, Multiple nations

Afghanistan,

countries around it,

and their

ethnonational groupsprovide a prime

example of volatile

mix created by

overlapping bordersamong nation and

states.


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Afghanistan

Pashtuns 38%

Tajiks 25%

Hazara - 19%

Uzbeks 6%


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Soviet union

Soviet Union were a

multiethnic empire

that dissolved in 1991

into Russia and 14other States;


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Nationalism : Builder and Destroyer

There are two

nationalisms;

one was : an unhealthy

form of nationalismwhich teaches contempt

for other nations or

cultures.. and seeks to

advance the well beingof ones country at the

expense of others

The other

nationalism

involved proper

love of onescountry.. and

the respect

which is due to

every otherculture and every

nation


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Nationalism - Positives

Nationalism promotes democracy

Nationalism discourages imperialism

Nationalism allows for economicdevelopment

Nationalism allows diversity and

experimentation


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Exceptionalism

74

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

India US France

East

3-D Column 2

3-D Column 3


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Nationalism - Negatives

Lack of concern for others;

Exceptionalism and xenophobia

Oppression and Aggression


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Xenophobia

Suspicion, dislike or

fear of other

nationalities;

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