Software Engineering Project Software Engineering Project ManagementManagement

Presented byPresented byJames RobertsJames Roberts

EEL6883 Spring ‘07EEL6883 Spring ‘07

DefinitionsDefinitionsManagementManagement– The activities and tasks undertaken by The activities and tasks undertaken by

one or more persons for the purpose of one or more persons for the purpose of planning and controlling the activities of planning and controlling the activities of other in order to achieve objectives that other in order to achieve objectives that could not be achieved by the others could not be achieved by the others acting aloneacting alone

DefinitionsDefinitionsProject ManagementProject Management– A system of management procedures, A system of management procedures,

practices, technologies, skills, and practices, technologies, skills, and experience necessary to successfully experience necessary to successfully manage an engineering projectmanage an engineering project

Software Engineering Project Software Engineering Project ManagementManagement– Project management where the product Project management where the product

is softwareis software

Universality of ManagementUniversality of ManagementWhat does the Universality of What does the Universality of Management mean?Management mean?– Management performs the same Management performs the same

functions regardless of organizational functions regardless of organizational position or enterpriseposition or enterprise

– Management functions are Management functions are characteristic duties of all managerscharacteristic duties of all managers

– Management practices, methods, Management practices, methods, activities and tasks are specific to the activities and tasks are specific to the enterpriseenterprise

Project vs. AquisitionProject vs. AquisitionTwo types of software projectsTwo types of software projects– Development projectsDevelopment projects– Acquisition projectsAcquisition projectsTwo types of software project Two types of software project managersmanagers– Project managersProject managers– Acquisition managersAcquisition managers

More DefinitionsMore DefinitionsSoftware DevelopmentSoftware Development– The process of developing or modifying a The process of developing or modifying a

software-intensive system to meet the software-intensive system to meet the acquirer’s contractual requirementsacquirer’s contractual requirements

– The process of developing this system to The process of developing this system to deliver on time and within budgetdeliver on time and within budget

Software AcquisitionSoftware Acquisition– The process of contractually obtaining, from a The process of contractually obtaining, from a

supplier, a software-intensive system for use supplier, a software-intensive system for use by another groups or organizationby another groups or organization

Issues with Software EngineeringIssues with Software Engineering70% of software organization have 70% of software organization have no defined methodsno defined methodsProcess are defined during the Process are defined during the developmentdevelopmentSoftware ends upSoftware ends up– LateLate– Over budgetOver budget– Fails to meet requirementsFails to meet requirements

““today’s major problems today’s major problems with software with software

development are not development are not technical problems, but technical problems, but management problems”management problems”

Management Functions & ActivitiesManagement Functions & ActivitiesFunctions of managementFunctions of management– PlanningPlanning– OrganizingOrganizing– StaffingStaffing– Directing (leading)Directing (leading)– ControllingControlling

Planning ActivitiesPlanning ActivitiesSet objectives and goalsSet objectives and goalsDevelop strategiesDevelop strategiesDevelop policiesDevelop policiesForecast future situationsForecast future situationsConduct a risk assessmentConduct a risk assessmentDetermine possible courses of actionDetermine possible courses of actionMake planning decisionsMake planning decisionsSet procedures and rulesSet procedures and rulesDevelop project plansDevelop project plansPrepare budgetsPrepare budgetsDocument project plansDocument project plans

Organizing ActivitiesOrganizing ActivitiesIdentify and group project function, Identify and group project function, activities, and tasksactivities, and tasksSelect organizational structuresSelect organizational structuresCreate organizational positionsCreate organizational positionsDefine responsibilities and authorityDefine responsibilities and authorityEstablish position qualificationsEstablish position qualificationsDocument organizational decisionsDocument organizational decisions

Organizational StructureOrganizational StructureConventional organization structureConventional organization structure– Line organizationLine organization– Staff organizationStaff organizationProject organization structureProject organization structure– FunctionalFunctional– ProjectProject– MatrixMatrixTeam StructureTeam Structure– EgolessEgoless– Chief programmerChief programmer– HierarchicalHierarchical

Organizing ActivitiesOrganizing ActivitiesIdentify and group project function, Identify and group project function, activities, and tasksactivities, and tasksSelect organizational structuresSelect organizational structuresCreate organizational positionsCreate organizational positionsDefine responsibilities and authorityDefine responsibilities and authorityEstablish position qualificationsEstablish position qualificationsDocument organizational decisionsDocument organizational decisions

Establish Position QualificationsEstablish Position QualificationsProject managersProject managersSoftware system engineersSoftware system engineersScientific/engineering programmers, Scientific/engineering programmers, programmer-analystsprogrammer-analystsVerification and validation engineerVerification and validation engineerSoftware quality assurance engineerSoftware quality assurance engineer

Organizing ActivitiesOrganizing ActivitiesIdentify and group project function, Identify and group project function, activities, and tasksactivities, and tasksSelect organizational structuresSelect organizational structuresCreate organizational positionsCreate organizational positionsDefine responsibilities and authorityDefine responsibilities and authorityEstablish position qualificationsEstablish position qualificationsDocument organizational decisionsDocument organizational decisions

Issues In StaffingIssues In StaffingLack of project management trainingLack of project management trainingGreatly varying skillsGreatly varying skillsInability to predict productivity of Inability to predict productivity of engineersengineersLack of experienceLack of experienceTurnoverTurnoverNot enough software engineersNot enough software engineers– Most graduates are theoreticalMost graduates are theoretical– Or just codersOr just coders

Staffing ActivitiesStaffing ActivitiesFill organizational positionsFill organizational positionsAssimilate newly assigned personnelAssimilate newly assigned personnelEducate or train personnelEducate or train personnelProvide for general developmentProvide for general developmentEvaluate and appraise personnelEvaluate and appraise personnelCompensateCompensateTerminate assignmentsTerminate assignmentsDocument staffing decisionsDocument staffing decisions

Filling PositionsFilling PositionsMust look forMust look for– EducationEducation– ExperienceExperience– TrainingTraining– MotivationMotivation– CommitmentCommitment– Self-motivationSelf-motivation– Group affinityGroup affinity– IntelligenceIntelligence

Staffing ActivitiesStaffing ActivitiesFill organizational positionsFill organizational positionsAssimilate newly assigned personnelAssimilate newly assigned personnelEducate or train personnelEducate or train personnelProvide for general developmentProvide for general developmentEvaluate and appraise personnelEvaluate and appraise personnelCompensateCompensateTerminate assignmentsTerminate assignmentsDocument staffing decisionsDocument staffing decisions

Directing ActivitiesDirecting ActivitiesProvide leadershipProvide leadershipSupervise personnelSupervise personnelDelegate authorityDelegate authorityMotivate personnelMotivate personnelBuild teamsBuild teamsCoordinate activitiesCoordinate activitiesFacilitate communicationFacilitate communicationResolve conflictsResolve conflictsManage changesManage changesDocument directing decisionsDocument directing decisions

Providing LeadershipProviding LeadershipPositional PowerPositional Power– Power derived from having a leadership Power derived from having a leadership

positionposition– Not always effectiveNot always effectivePersonal PowerPersonal Power– Charisma or personal charmCharisma or personal charm– Sometimes more effective than Sometimes more effective than

positional powerpositional power

Directing ActivitiesDirecting ActivitiesProvide leadershipProvide leadershipSupervise personnelSupervise personnelDelegate authorityDelegate authorityMotivate personnelMotivate personnelBuild teamsBuild teamsCoordinate activitiesCoordinate activitiesFacilitate communicationFacilitate communicationResolve conflictsResolve conflictsManage changesManage changesDocument directing decisionsDocument directing decisions

Job MotivationsJob MotivationsJob AttractorsJob Attractors Job DissatisfiersJob Dissatisfiers

SalarySalary Company mismanagementCompany mismanagementChance to advanceChance to advance Poor work environmentPoor work environmentWork environmentWork environment Little feeling of Little feeling of

accomplishmentaccomplishmentLocationLocation Poor recognitionPoor recognitionBenefitsBenefits Inadequate salaryInadequate salaryFacilities/equipmentFacilities/equipment Little chance to advanceLittle chance to advanceJob satisfactionJob satisfaction Poor facilities/equipmentPoor facilities/equipmentCompany managementCompany management Poor benefitsPoor benefitsJob responsibilityJob responsibility Poor career path definitionPoor career path definition

Directing ActivitiesDirecting ActivitiesProvide leadershipProvide leadershipSupervise personnelSupervise personnelDelegate authorityDelegate authorityMotivate personnelMotivate personnelBuild teamsBuild teamsCoordinate activitiesCoordinate activitiesFacilitate communicationFacilitate communicationResolve conflictsResolve conflictsManage changesManage changesDocument directing decisionsDocument directing decisions

Controlling ActivitiesControlling ActivitiesDevelop standards of performanceDevelop standards of performanceEstablish monitoring and reporting Establish monitoring and reporting systemssystemsMeasure and analyze resultsMeasure and analyze resultsInitiate corrective actionsInitiate corrective actionsReward and disciplineReward and disciplineDocument controlling methodsDocument controlling methods

Thank You!Thank You!