thailand state of pollution report 2004

Pollution Control DepartmentMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment

2 0 0 4T h a i l a n d S t a t e o f P o l l u t i o n R e p o r t

PCD. 06-018ISBN 974-9879-03-1

Foreword

Thailandûs State of Pollution Report 2004 was prepared as prescribed by the Enhancement

and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2535, which stipulates that the Pollution

Control Committee must submit, on a yearly basis, a state of pollution report to the National

Environment Board. The report comprises of the state of water quality, state of air and noise quality,

state of waste, state of hazardous chemicals, pollution management, and ministerial regulations, rules

and regulations, notifications or orders concerning environmental aspects announced throughout the

year 2004.

The Pollution Control Committee would like to extend an appreciation to every party that

has provided information and advice to make Thailandûs State of Pollution Report 2004 more perfect,

which will be beneficial to governmental entities, private sector, educational institutes, academics,

and general public as a source of environmental research or to add up correct information receipt,

and this report shall be further incorporated as supplementary information in planning, decision

making, environmental solutions, as well as the sustainable economic and social development of

the country.

Mr. Petipong Pungbun Na AyudhyaPermanent Secretary of the Ministry of National Resources

and Environment Pollution Control Committee Chairman

Contents

Thailand State ofPollution Report 2004

Page

State of Water Quality

ë Inland Water Quality

ë Coastal Marine Water Quality

ë Spoiling Nan River

State of Air Quality and Noise Pollution

ë State of Air Quality

ë Inspection and Ban of Black-Smoke Vehicles

ë Reduction of Pollution and Petrol Saving by Vehicle Preventive

Maintenance

ë Solutions of Dust Pollution in the Area of Tambon Na Phra Lan,

Saraburi Province

ë Noise Pollution

State of Solid Waste

ë State of Municipal Solid Waste

ë State of Waste Utilization

ë State of Hazardous Waste

ë Management Strategy for Waste from Electrical and

Electronic Equipment

ë Unlawful Landfill of Hazardous Waste at Tambon Khlang Dong,

Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province

5

6

19

25

28

29

36

38

40

43

47

48

52

56

58

60

Page


State of Hazardous Chemicals

ë Hazardous Chemicals

ë Hazardous Chemical Accidents

ë Solutions of Chemical Uses in Orange Farms at Chaiprakarn District,

Fang District, Mae Ai District, Chiang Mai Province

ë Cadmium Contamination in the Watershed of Mae Tao,

Mae Sod District, Tak Province

Pollution Management

ë Management Directions of Water Pollution

ë Management Directions of Waste and Hazardous Chemical Waste

ë Complaints about Pollution Problems and Public Protest

ë Recovery and Improvement of Wastewater Treatment System

ë Open Burning Control in Thailand

ë Management of Noise Pollution from Motorcycles

ë Monitoring and Enforcement of Environmental Laws in accordance

with Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality

Act, B.E. 2535

ë Environment Caravan

63

64

68

70

72

74

75

76

78

85

87

90

92

95

Contents


Page

Appendix

ë Laws and Regulations concerning General Environmental Issues

ë Laws and Regulations concerning Water Pollution

ë Laws and Regulations concerning Air and Noise Pollution

ë Laws and Regulations concerning Hazardous Waste and Chemicals

97

98

102

108

120

STATE OF WATER QUALITY

Itûs clean and clear canal and stream water.Itûs wonderful future of the nation.Itûs public benefit under joint spirit.Get together with Thailand forever.

6 THAILAND STATE OFPOLLUTION REPORT 2004

(1) Both Thale Noi and Thale Luang were included since their areas were contiguous.

2002 2003 2004 Year

Good Fair Deteriorated Highly Deteriorated

%100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

3

32

25

40

6

31

31

32

5

21

51

23

Inland WaterQuality

Overall quality of surface water resources throughout the country during 2004 were in thelevels of good, fair, deteriorated, and highly deteriorated conditions at 23%, 51%, 21%, and 5%respectively. The comparison of water quality for the last 3 years (Figure 1), revealed that thewater quality in the fair level was likely to be increasing while deteriorated water quality waslikely to be decreasing. Moreover, the highly deteriorated condition was slightly changing andstill remained the same. Changing water quality in each year was up to many factors such aswater quantity and municipal wastewater, etc. It should be noticeable that highly deterioratedwater resources were the same as water resources found in previous years, e.g. the lowerThachin River from Muang District of Samut Prakarn Province to Nakhon Chaisri District ofNakhon Pathom Province, the lower Lamtakong River at Muang District of Nakhon RatchasimaProvince, and the Songkhla Lake at Somrong Canal Estuary, Muang District of Songkhla Province.

Deteriorated water quality is a consequence of wastewater discharge from various sources such as

communities, agricultural and industrial areas, discharged to natural water resources without any appropriate and

standardized wastewater treatment. Deterioration of most water resources came from Fecal Coliform Bacteria

contamination, and high Biochemical Oxygen Demand levels (BOD) causing low dissolved oxygen (DO) and high

ammonia levels.

The water quality in 48 main rivers and 4 standing surface water resources (Kwan Payao Lake, Bung

Boraped Lake, Nonghan Lake, and Songkhla Lake(1)), measured by mean of Water Quality Index (WQI), has been

monitored and the following 8 water quality parameters were examined : Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Fecal Coliform

Bacteria (FCB), pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Nitrate (NO3), Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Solids (TS), and

Suspended Solids (SS) to obtain water quality criteria as classified into good, fair, deteriorated, and highly

deteriorated levels. Water quality status in 2004 could be summarized in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 2.

Figure 1 : The Water Quality Status of Surface Water Resources throughout the Country between 2002 - 2004

THAILAND STATE OFPOLLUTION REPORT 2004 7

Figure 2 : The Quality of Surface Water Sources throughout the Country, Year 2004


Table 1 : The Summary of Water Quality Status of Main Surface Water Resources in Thailand 2004

Water Northern Central Eastern Northeastern SouthernPercentage

Quality Region Region Region Region Regionof All Surface

Water Resources

GoodMaejang,

Kwae Noi,Nonghan Lake, Upper Tapee,

Bung BorapedUpper Petchburi

Weru Songkram, Pong, Pumduang, 23

Lake Lampaw, Chee, Oon Saiburi

Upper Chao Phraya, Lower Tapee,Wang, Ping,

Upper Thachin, Trad, Pakpanang, Trang,

FairKok, Yom,

Maeklong, Noi, Prachinburi, Lamchee, Thale Noi, Langsuan,51Li, Ing, Nan,

Kwae Yai, Kuiburi, Pangrad, Seaw, Loei Upper Pattani,Kwan Payao

Sakaekrang, Pranburi, Chantaburi Thale Luang,Lake

Lower Petchburi Lower Pattani

Lopburi, Pasak, Nakhon Nayok,

DeterioratedKuang

Middle Thachin, Rayong, Moon,Chumporn 21

Lower Chao Phraya, Bangpakong, Upper Lamtakong

Middle Chao Phraya Prasae

HighlyDeteriorated

- Lower Thachin -Lower Songkhla

5Lamtakong Lake

Northern RegionThe water quality in 11 main water resources (Ping River, Wang River, Yom River, Nan River, Kuang River,

Kok River, Li River, Ing River, and Maejang River), and the other two standing surface water resources

(Kwan Payao Lake and Bung Boraped Lake) have been monitored. It was found that good water quality

resources were Maejang River and Bung Boraped Lake while fair water quality resources were Ping River,

Wang River, Yom River, Kok River, Li River, Ing River, Nan River, and Kwan Payao Lake. Finally, Kuang River was

the deteriorated water quality resource. Its key water quality problem was the contamination of Total Coliform

Bacteria and Fecal Coliform Bacteria as found in Kuang and Ping River. Some water quality parameters, such

as Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), were found in several areas. Main water

quality status was summarized as follows (Figure 3 and Table 2) :


(>6.0) (>4.0) (>2.0) (<2.0) (<1.5) (<2.0) (<4.0) (>4.0) (<5,000) (<20,000) (>20,000) (<1,000) (<4,000) (>4,000) (<0.5) (>0.5)

2 3 4 - 2 3 4 - 2 3 - 2 3 - Meet Below

%100

80

60

40

20

0

DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) TCB (unit) FCB (unit) NH3 (mg/l)

Water resource type Water resource type Water resource type Water resource type Standard

68

25

5 2

58

2117

4

70

22

8

61

2316

98

2

The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration ranged from 1.2 - 11.9 mg/l received from over 60% of all

water quality-monitoring stations, and such water resources could be categorized as Class-2 surface water

quality standard (over than or equal as 6.0 mg/l). In some periods, Dissolved Oxygen concentration in Kwan

Payao Lake at the estuary of Ing River, Khundej Bridge in Muang District of Payao Province, and Kuang River

at Tambon Muang Nga in Muang District of Lampoon Province was less than 2.0 mg/l.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) values ranged from 0.1 - 8.5 mg/l received by most water quality-

monitoring stations (68%), and such water resources could be categorized as Class-2 surface water quality

standard (less than or equal as 1.5 mg/l). It was found that, at several water quality-monitoring stations of

Kuang River, BOD values were higher than 4.0 mg/l.

The contamination of Fecal Coliform Bacteria (FCB) was in the range of 2 - 240,000 units as received by

most water quality-monitoring stations (61%), and such water resources could be categorized as Class-2 surface

water quality standard (less than or equal as 1,000 units). The FCB value was found in the high level in city

communities (over 4,000 units), such as Yom River at Baan Wanghin Pattana in Tambon Pakkwae, Muang District

of Sukhothai Province, Wang River at Lampang Municipality of Lampang Province, Ping River at Muang District

of Nakhon Sawan Province, Muang District of Tak Province, Muang District of Chiangmai Province, Nan River at

Tambon Bangmoonnak in Bangmoonnak District of Phichit Province, Muang District of Uttaradit Province, Muang

District of Nan Province, and Kuang River at Muang District of Lampoon Province.

Figure 3 : Water Quality in the Northern Region, Corresponding to the Surface Water Quality StandardCalculated by Mean of Percentage of All Monitoring Stations


* Unit = MPN per 100 ml, > = higher than or equal, < = lower than or equal

Central RegionThe water quality of 12 main rivers, (Chao Phraya River, Thachin River, Maeklong River, Kwae Yai River,

Kwae Noi River, Pasak River, Lopburi River, Noi River, Sakaekrang River, Petchburi River, Pranburi River, and

Kuiburi River) has been monitored. The water quality of Upper Petchburi River and Kwae Noi River were good

while (a key rivers Pranburi River, Kuiburi river, Upper Chao Phraya River, Maeklong River, Noi River,

Upper Thanchin, Lower Petchburi River, Kwae Yai River, and Sakaekrang River) were fair water quality resources.

In the meantime, lower Chao Phraya River and middle Chao Phraya River, middle Thachin River, Pasak River,

and Lopburi River were named as deteriorated water quality resources whereas lower Thachin River had highly

deteriorated water quality condition. The problems of water quality of water resources, located in the central

region, were the contamination of Total Coliform Bacteria and Fecal Coliform Bacteria, Dissolved Oxygen (DO),

and ammonia concentration. The water quality of lower Thachin River was in the highly deteriorated condition

due to high contamination of Total Coliform Bacteria. Areas, where always confronted such problems, were

lower Chao Phraya River from Muang District of Samut Prakarn Province to Nonthaburi Province and lower

Thanchin River from Muang District of Samut Sakhon Province to Nakhon Chai Si District of Nakhon Pathom

Province. Graphically, main water quality status could be summarized below (Figure 4 and Table 3 and 4) :

Table 2 : Important Water Quality Parameters of Unclassified Surface Water Resources in the Northern Region, Year 2004

WaterTypes of Important Water Quality Parameters

ResourcesWater DO BOD TCB FCB NH

3Problematic water quality

Resources (mg/l) (mg/l) (Unit*) (Unit*) (mg/l)

Ping - 6.7 1.2 16,000 10,000 0.12 FCB

Wang - 8.2 1.5 13,000 1,500 0.05 -

Yom - 6.9 1.8 3,900 1,900 0.20 -

Nan - 6.5 1.3 6,000 2,600 0.20 -

Kuang - 5.4 2.2 30,000 16,800 0.47 TCB, FCB

Kok - 7.3 1.1 13,400 2,500 0.16 -

Li - 6.2 1.9 3,700 1,980 0.29 -

Ing - 6.0 1.4 900 100 0.15 -

Maejang - 7.2 1.7 550 70 0.15 -

Kwan Payao Lake - 6.1 2.3 1,600 300 0.31 -

Bung Boraped Lake - 7.2 2.0 100 20 0.06 -

Class-2 Standard > 6.0 < 1.5 < 5,000 < 1,000 < 0.5

Class-3 Standard > 4.0 < 2.0 < 20,000 < 4,000 < 0.5

Class-4 Standard > 2.0 < 4.0 - - < 0.5

Problematic water quality must fall in the followingcriteria :DO less than 2.0 mg/l, BOD higher than 4.0 mg/l,TCB value higher than 20,000 units, FCB greaterthan 4,000 units, and NH

3 over 0.5 mg/l.


(>6.0) (>4.0) (>2.0) (<2.0) (<1.5) (<2.0) (<4.0) (>4.0) (<5,000) (<20,000) (>20,000) (<1,000) (<4,000) (>4,000) (<0.5) (>0.5)

2 3 4 - 2 3 4 - 2 3 - 2 3 - Meet Below



%100

80

60

40

20

0

31 32

18 19

44

19

34

3

51

2128

3833

29

80

20

Figure 4 : Water Quality in the Central Region, Corresponding to the Surface Water Quality StandardCalculated by Mean of Percentage of All Monitoring Stations

The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration ranged from 0.1 - 11.5 mg/l in Type 2 and 3 Water Resources

with similar percentage. The DO values less than 2.0 mg/l were found at 19% of all water quality-monitoring

stations, located at lower and middle Thachin River from Samut Sakhon Province to Muang District of Suphan

Buri Province.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) values ranged from 0.4 - 7.1 mg/l, received by most water quality-

monitoring stations (44%), and such water resources could be categorized as Class-2 surface water quality

standard (less than or equal to 1.5 mg/l). Certainly, the BOD values at lower Chao Phraya River and lower

Thachin River were higher than other water resources.

The Fecal Coliform Bacteria contamination (FCB) was in the range of 2 - 220,000 units, and Type 2

and 3 Water Resource had similar percentage. The FCB values over 4,000 units were found at 29% at lower

Chao Phraya from Samut Prakarn Province to Nonthaburi Province, lower Thachin River from Samut Sakhon

Province to Muang District of Nakhon Pathom Province, Mae Klong River flowing through Muang District,

Photharam District, Ban Pong District of Ratchaburi Province, and Tha Maka of Kanchanaburi Province,

Lopburi River at Muang District of Lop Buri Province, Noi River at Taimuang Bridge, Phak Hai District of

Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, Pasak River at Muang District of Saraburi Province, Petchburi Province at

Tambon Khlong Krasae in Muang District of Phetchaburi Province, and Pranburi River at Baan Nahuay in

Pranburi District of Prachuap Khiri Khan Province.


Table 3 : Important Water Quality Parameters of Classified Surface Water Resources in the Central Region, Year 2004



3Problematic Water Quality


Upper Chao Phraya 2 6.4 1.4 62,000 8,900 0.24 TCB, FCB

Middle Chao Phraya 3 4.9 2.0 16,980 2,300 0.53 NH3

Lower Chao Phraya 4 3.0 3.3 65,700 50,700 0.60 NH3

Upper Thachin 2 4.8 1.5 15,300 4,000 0.19 DO, TCB, FCB

Middle Thachin 3 1.9 2.4 50,000 4,000 0.61 DO, BOD, TCB, NH3

Lower Thachin 4 1.0 2.4 118,000 22,400 1.05 DO, NH3

Maeklong 3 6.1 1.6 42,300 12,300 0.08 TCB, FCB

Upper Petchburi 2 4.8 1.3 700 400 0.20 DO

Lower Petchburi 3 5.1 1.6 18,700 10,900 0.20 FCB

Class-2 Standard > 6.0 < 1.5 < 5,000 < 1,000 < 0.5

Class-3 Standard > 4.0 < 2.0 < 20,000 < 4,000 < 0.5

Class-4 Standard > 2.0 < 4.0 - - < 0.5


Table 4 : Important Water Quality Parameters of Unclassified Surface Water Resources in the Central Region, Year 2004





Kwae Yai - 5.2 1.4 3,500 1,600 0.18 -

Kwae Noi - 6.2 1.0 3,000 800 0.12 -

Pasak - 5.8 2.4 11,300 4,500 0.17 FCB

Lop Buri - 3.9 2.8 29,600 3,600 0.28 TCB

Noi - 5.4 1.5 7,200 3,800 0.18 -

Sakaekrang - 5.7 1.6 3,500 600 0.16 -

Pranburi - 6.0 1.7 13,900 6,100 0.08 FCB

Kuiburi - 6.2 1.0 11,700 8,900 0.07 FCB

Problematic water quality must fall in the following criteria : DO less than 2.0 mg/l, BOD higher than 4.0 mg/l, TCB value higher than 20,000 units, FCB greater than 4,000 units, and NH3 over 0.5 mg/l.



(>6.0) (>4.0) (>2.0) (<2.0) (<1.5) (<2.0) (<4.0) (>4.0) (<5,000) (<20,000) (>20,000) (<1,000) (<4,000) (>4,000) (<0.5) (>0.5)

2 3 4 - 2 3 4 - 2 3 - 2 3 - Meet Below



%100

80

60

40

20

0

59

31

72

69

1710

4

85

610

84

9 7

93

7

Northeastern RegionThe water quality in 11 main rivers (consisting of the Pong River, Chee River, Moon River, Lampaw River,

Seaw River, Songkram River, Loei River, Oon River, Lamchee River, Lamtakong River, and Nonghan, a standingsurface water resource), has been monitored. Good water quality could be found in Nonghan, Songkram River,Pong River, Lampaw River, Chee River, and Oon River while Lamchee River, Seaw River, and Loei Rivercontained a fair water quality. However, water quality in Moon River and upper Lamtakong River was in thedeteriorated status whereas water quality in lower Lamtakong River was in the highly deteriorated condition. For theNortheastern region, a main problem of water quality was the contamination of Total Coliform Bacteria and FecalColiform Bacteria in the aforesaid crowded areas. The water quality of lower Lamtakong River was in the highlydeteriorated status due to the high contamination of Total Coliform Bacteria, and high problematic areascomprised of Lamtakong River at Muang District of Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Moreover, saltiness of Seaw Riverat Fai Huayseaw, Borabue District of Maha Sarakham Province was higher than the normal value (0.6 mg/l) forgeneral inland water resources that were not affected by the seawater, but by natural underground salineresources. Main water quality status of this region could be summarized below (Figure 5 and Table 5 and 6) :

The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration ranged from 1.6 - 9.5 mg/l in most water quality-monitoringstations (59%), and such water resources could be categorized as Class-2 surface water quality standard(more than or equal as 6.0 mg/l). The water quality-monitoring station with the DO value less than2.0 mg/l was at Lamtakong River at Wat Samakkee Community, Tambon Nai Muang in Muang District ofNakhon Ratchasima Province.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) values ranged from 0.4 - 8.0 mg/l received by most water quality-monitoring stations (69%), and such water resources could be categorized as Class-2 surface waterquality standard (less than or equal as 1.5 mg/l). Water quality-monitoring stations with the BOD values over4.0 mg/l were Lamtakong River at Sikhio District and Muang District of Nakhon Ratchasima Province.

Figure 5 : Water Quality in the Northeastern Region, Corresponding to the Surface Water Quality StandardCalculated by Mean of Percentage of All Monitoring Stations


The Fecal Coliform Bacteria (FCB) contamination was in the range of 2 - 160,000 units received by 80% ofwater quality-monitoring stations, and such water resources could be categorized as Class-2 surface water qualitystandard (less than or equal as 1,000 units). Water quality-monitoring stations with the FCB value over 4,000 units wereat Moon River in Warin Chamrap District of Ubon Ratchathani Province and Satuek District of Buri Ram Province,Loei River at Muang District of Loei Province, lower Lamtakong River at Muang District of Nakhon RatchasimaProvince, upper Lamtakong River at Sikhio District and Pak Chong District of Nakhon Ratchasima Province.

Table 5 : Important Water Quality Parameters of Classified Surface Water Resources in the Northeastern Region, Year 2004





Pong 3 5.3 1.3 950 330 0.13 -

Chee 3 5.6 1.5 4,000 700 0.50 -

Moon 3 6.1 1.6 21,200 18,000 0.29 TCB, FCB

Songkram 3 6.2 1.0 1,000 300 0.07 -

Upper Lamtakong 3 5.4 2.5 50,000 20,900 0.18 BOD, TCB, FCB

Lower Lamtakong 4 3.0 5.3 95,300 31,300 0.15 BOD

Class-2 Standard > 6.0 < 1.5 < 5,000 < 1,000 < 0.5

Class-3 Standard > 4.0 < 2.0 < 20,000 < 4,000 < 0.5

Class-4 Standard > 2.0 < 4.0 - - < 0.5


Table 6 : Important Water Quality Parameters of Unclassified Surface Water Resources in the Northeastern Region, Year 2004





Lampaw - 6.4 1.6 800 380 0.26 -

Seaw - 5.8 1.6 300 200 0.11 -

Loei - 6.1 1.1 32,600 3,700 0.13 TCB

Oon - 6.0 1.0 2,000 250 0.12 -

Lamchee - 6.8 2.1 2,000 200 0.09 -

Nonghan - 7.1 0.8 70 15 0.13 -

Problematic water quality must fall in the following criteria : DO less than 2.0 mg/l, BOD higher than 4.0 mg/l, TCB value higher than 20,000 units, FCB greater than 4,000 units, and NH

3 over 0.5 mg/l.



(>6.0) (>4.0) (>2.0) (<2.0) (<1.5) (<2.0) (<4.0) (>4.0) (<5,000) (<20,000) (>20,000) (<1,000) (<4,000) (>4,000) (<0.5) (>0.5)

2 3 4 - 2 3 4 - 2 3 - 2 3 - Meet Below



%100

80

60

40

20

0

16

34

45

5

49

23 21

8

79

138

66

23

11

95

5

Eastern RegionThe water quality in 9 main rivers, (Bangpakong River, Prachinburi River, Nakornnayok River, Rayong River,

Prasae River, Pangrad River, Chantaburi River, Weru River, and Trad River), has been monitored. Among all,Bangpakong River, Nakornnayok River, Rayong River, and Prasae River had deteriorated water quality condition.The main problem of water resources in the Eastern region was the contamination of Total Coliform Bacteriaand Fecal Coliform Bacteria in crowded regions. Areas confronting with problem were Nakornnayok River atMuang District of Nakhon Nayok Province, and Prasae River at Klaeng District of Rayong Province. In addition,seawater trespassing during the dry season was found at Bangpakong River up to Bangkanag Bridge in BangNam Priao District of Chachoengsao Province. Main water quality status of this region could be indicated asfollows (Figure 6 and Table 7 and 8) :

Figure 6 : Water Quality in the Eastern Region, Corresponding to the Surface Water Quality StandardCalculated by Mean of Percentage of All Monitoring Stations

The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration ranged from 0.0 - 11.5 mg/l in most water quality-monitoringstations or 45%, and such water resources could be categorized as Class-4 surface water quality standard(more than or equal as 2.0 mg/l) and Class-3 surface water quality standard (more than or equal as 4.0mg/l). Water quality monitoring stations with the DO value less than 2.0 mg/l were at Rayong River at MuangDistrict of Rayong Province, and Prasae River at Tang Kwian in Klaeng District of Rayong Province.

The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) values ranged from 0.6 - 7.9 mg/l received by most waterquality-monitoring stations at 49%, and such water resources could be categorized as Class-2 surface waterquality-standard (less than or equal as 1.5 mg/l). Water quality-monitoring stations with the BOD value over4.0 mg/l were Rayong River at Ban Khai District of Rayong Province, and Prasae River at Klaeng District ofRayong Province.


The Fecal Coliform Bacteria (FCB) contamination was in the range of 2 - 240,000 units received by 66% of waterquality-monitoring stations, and such water resources could be categorized as Class-2 surface water quality standard(less than or equal as 1,000 units). Water quality-monitoring stations with the FCB value over 4,000 units were atNakornnayok River at Muang District of Nakhon Nayok Province, and Prasae River at Klaeng District of Rayong Province.

Table 7 : Important Water Quality Parameters of Classified Surface Water Resources in the Eastern Region, Year 2004





Bangpakong 3 3.9 1.8 11,800 2,100 0.17 DO

Prachinburi 2 5.2 1.9 1,800 680 0.38 DO, BOD

Nakhon Nayok 3 4.2 1.7 28,500 25,500 0.38 TCB, FCB

Class-2 Standard > 6.0 < 1.5 < 5,000 < 1,000 < 0.5

Class-3 Standard > 4.0 < 2.0 < 20,000 < 4,000 < 0.5

Class-4 Standard > 2.0 < 4.0 - - < 0.5


Table 8 : Important Water Quality Parameters of Unclassified Surface Water Resources in the Eastern Region, Year 2004





Rayong - 3.1 3.0 6,200 3,900 0.15 -

Prasae - 3.4 3.9 110,000 16,000 0.09 TCB, FCB

Pangrad - 4.4 2.7 4,200 970 0.03 -

Chantaburi - 5.4 2.3 3,700 1,800 0.04 -

Weru - 4.5 1.5 170 90 0.11 -

Trad - 3.4 1.0 850 200 0.09 -


3 over 0.5 mg/l.



(>6.0) (>4.0) (>2.0) (<2.0) (<1.5) (<2.0) (<4.0) (>4.0) (<5,000) (<20,000) (>20,000) (<1,000) (<4,000) (>4,000) (<0.5) (>0.5)

2 3 4 - 2 3 4 - 2 3 - 2 3 - Meet Below



%100

80

60

40

20

0

45

30

13 12

62

10

21

7

77

18

5

70

19

10

96

4

Southern RegionThe water quality in 9 main steams (consisting of Pakpanang River, Songkhla Lake, Tapi River, Pumduang

River, Chumporn River, Langsuan River, Trang River, Saiburi River, and Pattani River, including Songkhla Lake, astanding surface water resource), has been monitored. It was found that water resources with a good water qualitycondition were upper Tapi River, Pumduang River, and Saiburi River. Fair water quality resources consisted of lowerTapi River, Pakpanang River, Trang River, upper and lower Pattani River, Langsuan River, Thale Noi, and Thale Luang.The water resource with deteriorated water quality was Chumporn River while highly deteriorated water qualityresource was Songkhla Lake. For the Southern region, the problems of water quality were the contamination of TotalColiform Bacteria and Fecal Coliform Bacteria in crowded areas stated above. Mostly, areas, confronting thisproblem were Songkhla Lake at Pakkhlong Samrong in Muang District of Songkhla Province. The main water qualitystatus could be summarized as following that (Figure 7 and Table 9 and 10) :

Figure 7 : Water Quality in the Southern Region, Corresponding to the Surface Water Quality StandardCalculated by Mean of Percentage of All Monitoring Stations

The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration ranged from 0.0 - 10.5 mg/l in 45% of water quality-monitoringstations, and such water resources could be categorized as Class-2 surface water quality standard (more thanor equal as 6.0 mg/l) and Class-3 surface water quality standard (more than or equal as 4.0 mg/l). Waterquality-monitoring stations with the DO value less than 2.0 mg/l were Songkhla Lake at Pak Klong Somrong inMuang District of Songkhla Province, Pakpanang River below Utokvipasprasith drainage water gate at TambonHu Long in Pakpanang District, and below Kuankreng peat swam forest, Tambon Karaket in Chien Yai District ofNakhon Si Thammarat Province.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) value ranged from 0.1 - 17.7 mg/l received by 62% of water quality-monitoring stations, and such water resources could be categorized as Class-2 surface water quality standard(less than or equal as 1.5 mg/l). Water quality-monitoring stations with the BOD value over 4.0 mg/l wereSongkhla Lake around Somrong Canal estuary, Muang District of Songkhla Province, Pakpanang River estuaryin Pakpanang District of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province.


The Fecal Coliform Bacteria (FCB) contamination was in the range of 2 - 350,000 units received by 70%of water quality-monitoring stations, and such water resources could be categorized as Class-2 surface waterquality standard (less than or equal as 1,000 units). Water quality-monitoring stations with the FCB value over4,000 units were lower Thapi River at Muang District of Surat Thani Province, Songkhla Lake at Pawong Canalestuary in Hat Yai District, Somrong Canal estuary, Muang District of Songkhla Province, and Chumporn River atTambon Pak Nam in Muang District of Chumporn Province.

Table 9 : Important Water Quality Parameters of Classified Surface Water Resources in the Southern Region, Year 2004





Upper Tapi 2 7.5 0.7 1,100 100 0.05 -

Lower Tapi 3 5.7 1.4 15,000 3,700 0.11 -

Pumduang 3 5.5 0.6 4,000 600 0.14 -

Pakpanang 3 4.4 2.0 3,400 1,000 0.13 -

Upper Pattani 2 4.2 1.1 2,000 900 0.25 DO

Lower Pattani 3 4.6 1.8 9,500 1,000 0.12 -

Class-2 Standard > 6.0 < 1.5 < 5,000 < 1,000 < 0.5

Class-3 Standard > 4.0 < 2.0 < 20,000 < 4,000 < 0.5

Class-4 Standard > 2.0 < 4.0 - - < 0.5


Table 10 : Important Water Quality Parameters of Unclassified Surface Water Resources in the Southern Region, Year 2004





Chumporn - 5.6 2.1 12,400 6,900 0.16 FCB

Langsuan - 6.8 1.0 5,300 2,600 0.16 -

Trang - 5.9 1.0 17,000 2,400 0.07 -

Saiburi - 6.8 0.6 2,000 1,000 0.14 -

Thale Noi - 3.3 1.9 740 300 0.07 -

Thale Luang - 5.5 2.0 2,400 1,200 0.06 -

Songkhla Lake - 5.0 3.0 86,800 20,500 0.77 TCB, FCB, NH3


3 over 0.5 mg/l.



Coastal MarineWater Quality

2002 2003 2004 Year

Verry Good

100

80

60

40

20

0

611

36

47

3

29

61

7

45

45

43

3

Good Fair Deteriorated Highly Deteriorated

The coastal marine water quality-monitoring data of Thailand from 240 stations(23 provinces) in 2 seasons : dry season (April - May) and rainy season (July - August) 2004,and the situation assessment by means of Marine Water Quality Index showed that thestations, with excellent, good, fair, deteriorated, and highly deteriorated water quality conditions,were at the rates of 3%, 43%, 45%, 5%, and 4% respectively as illustrated in Figure 2regarding Thailandûs coastal water quality index map in 2004.

Figure 1 : Coastal Marine Water Quality in 2002 - 2004 (Percentage of Sample Stations)

The results of monitoring the coastal marine water quality in 2004 showed that, at areas around inner Gulfof Thailand covering the Chao Phraya River estuary, 12 Thanwa Canal estuary in front of bleaching and dyingfactory at Km. 35 of Samut Prakarn Province, and Thachin River estuary at Samut Sakhon Province, the seawater was so deteriorated since those locations have received a great amount of wastewater by variousactivities from communities, industries, and agricultural areas. Consequently, the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) valuewas below the coastal marine water quality standard, and Total Coliform Bacteria value was higher than thestandard limits. For areas at the West of the Gulf of Thailand around Ban Laem Canal estuary, the coastalmarine water quality was highly deteriorated because this location has received the wastewater discharged bycommunity activities in Petchburi Province, which resulted to the over-standard of Total Coliform Bacteria.

(1) Marine Water Quality Index refers to a digit without the unit in the range of 0 - 100. Its value shows the overall situation of water

quality by considering main parameters : Dissolved Oxygen, Total Coliform Bacteria, Phosphate-P, Nitrate-N, temperature, Suspended

Solids, pH, Ammonia-N. For parameters in the group of pesticides and toxic elements, if the concentration is higher than the coastal

marine water quality standard, Marine Water Quality Index shall be ç0é immediately. For this reason, high index refers to good

coastal marine water quality status. For example, ç100é refers to excellent coastal marine water quality; conversely, ç0é refers to

highly deteriorated coastal marine water quality.

Percen

tage

of Sa

mpling

Stat

ions


The data for the year 2003 and 2004 were compared (Figure 1), and revealed that the coastal marine waterquality became worse since the water quality previously categorized in the excellent level was degraded to be thegood level or from 7 to 3 and from 61 to 43. Moreover, the deteriorated water quality changed from 3% to 5%, andthe coastal marine water quality categorized into the highly deteriorated level increased, from 0 to 4. Estuaries of4 main rivers (consisting of Chao Phraya River, Thachin River, Mae Khlong River, and Bangpakong River) weredeteriorating greater than the others. Problems of water quality remained the low amount of Dissolved Oxygen whileTotal Coliform Bacteria exceeded the coastal marine water quality standards. Furthermore, in 2004, another areaconfronting highly deteriorated coastal marine water quality was Ban Laem Canal estuary in Petchburi Province; theamount of Total Coliform Bacteria was over the coastal marine water quality standard. The results of monitoring thecoastal marine water quality in each area are shown below.

Inner Gulf of Thailand (Estuaries of 4 Main Rivers)Several water quality parameters were found below the coastal marine water quality standards; for example,

Dissolved Oxygen below the standard value in the range of 0.7 - 3.8 mg/l was found at Chao Phraya River andThanchin River estuaries, 12 Thanwa Canal estuary, in front of bleaching and dying factory-Km. 35, and Bang KhunThien. The DO value in front of the bleaching and dying factory-Km. 35 was the lowest. Suspended Solids value wasfrom 114.4 - 914.8 mg/l while the highest value was found at Chao Phraya River estuary.

Nutrient value was much higher than the standard one; the value of high nitrate nitrogen was in the range of100 - 1,123 microgram/liter (µg/l) and the highest value was found at the East of Chao Phraya River. A high value ofnitrate-nitrogen in the range of 69.4 - 800 µg/l was also found at Thachin River and Chao Phraya estuaries, 12 ThanwaCanal estuary, in front of the bleaching and dying factory-Km. 35, and Bang Khun Thien while the highest value wasfound at Thachin River estuary. Regarding ammonia-nitrogen, the value in the range of 1,028 - 1,686 µg/l, whichexceeded the determined standard, was found at 12 Thanwa Canal estuary, in front of bleaching and dyingfactory-Km. 35, Bang Khun Thien, and Thanchin River estuary while the highest value was found at the West ofThachin River. Phosphate-phosphorus was over the standard value in the range of 79 - 253 µg/l at Thachin River andChao Phraya River estuaries, 12 Thanwa Canal estuary, in front of bleaching and dying factory-Km. 35, andBang Khun Thien while the highest value was at the west of Thachin River. Iron concentration in the range of370 - 21,850 µg/l that was greater than the standard value was found at estuaries of Bangpakong, Chao Phraya,Thachin, Mae Khlong Rivers, 12 Thanwa Canal estuary, and Bang Khun Thien while the highest value was at the Eastof Bangpakong River. Concerning Tributyltin (TBT), it was over the standard criteria at 12 Thanwa Canal estuary with34 nanogram/liter (ng/l), and Mae Khlong River estuary with 43 ng/l.

Table 1 : Marine Water Quality at Inner Gulf of Thailand

Marine Water Quality Index Stations

ExcellentNone

(>90 - 100)

GoodNone

(>80 - 90)

FairNone

(>50 - 80)

Deteriorated Bangpakong River-Chachoengsao Province, Bang Khun Thian-Bangkok,

(>25 - 50) Mae Khlong River-Samut Songkram Province

Highly Deteriorated Chao Phraya River, 12 Thanwa Canal estuary, in front of bleaching and dying

(0 - 25) factory at Km. 35 - Samut Prakarn Province, Thachin River-Samut Sakorn Province


Eastern Gulf of Thailand (Chonburi Province - Trad Province)Monitored data showed that most coastal marine water quality of this region was under the standard

criteria, except Dissolved Oxygen that did not meet the standard set, found at Bang San Beach, Chonburi

Province (3.9 mg/l) and Na Kuea Market, Bang Phra, Koh Loy, Si Racha, Chonburi Province (3.0 mg/l).

The high value of Suspended Solids, in the range of 401.7 - 580.7 mg/l, was found at Laem Chabang Port,

Bang San Beach in Chonburi Province, Pangrad River estuary in Chantaburi Province, Laem Sok, and Yai Canal

estuary in Trad Province, and Bang San Beach stood for the highest value.

Nutrient value was higher than the standard one; high nitrate nitrogen values at Weru River estuary in

Chantaburi Province, Yai Canal estuary, and Trad River estuary-Laem Sok (Banpu) in Trad Province were in the

range of 158 - 179 µg/l and the highest value was found at Trad River estuary-Laem Sok (Banpu) in

Trad Province. Phosphate-Phosphorus in the range of 105 - 279 µg/l was found at Chonburi Bay, oyster farms

in Chonburi Bay, the rear of Laem Chabang Port in Chonburi Province, Map Ta Phut Port, and Sai Thong Beach

in Rayong Province, and the highest value was at Sai Thong Beach.

Total Coliform Bacteria exceeded the standard criteria at Chonburi Bay, oyster farms at Chonburi Bay,

Koh Loy Si Racha, Udom Bay fish pier, Laem Chabang port, Pattaya sailboat club in Chonburi Province,

Rayong River estuary, Ban Pe fish pier, Laem Mae Pim in Rayong Province, and Yai Canal estuary in

Trad Province. At estuaries of Prasae River, Chantaburi River, Weru River in Chantaburi Province, Laem Ngob,

Trad River estuary-Laem Sok (Banpu), Yai Canal estuary, Salakpetch Bay (Koh Chang), Bang Bao Bay

(Koh Chang) in Trad Province, Total Coliform Bacteria values were from 1,100 - 350,000 units whereas the

highest value was at Yai Canal estuary where mangroves and fishermenûs villages, shipyards, and garages

were located.

In respect with Enterococci Bacteria, its value was high (540 units) at Laem Ngob in Trad Province.

As for heavy metals, chromium concentration also exceeded the standard criteria at Yai Canal estuary

in Trad Province (180 µg/l). Lead exceeded the standard criteria was at Yai Canal estuary of Trad Province

(170 µg/l) at 100-meter distance and 51 µg/l at 500-meter distance. Copper was over the standard value

(100 µg/l) at Yai Canal estuary of Trad Province. Manganese exceeded the standard value (100 - 2,000 µg/l)

at the Angsila port in Chonburi Province, Pangrad River estuary in Chantaburi Province, Yai Canal estuary and

Trad River estuary at Laem Sok in Trad Province while the highest value was found at Yai Canal estuary.

Over-standard iron in the range of 420 - 170,000 µg/l was found at Chonburi Bay, Ang Sila port and Koh Loy

Si Racha in Chonburi Province, estuaries of Prasae River, Pangrad River, and Weru River in Chantaburi Province,

Laem Ngob port, Yai Canal estuary, and Trad River estuary at Laem Sok in Trad Province while the highest value

stood at Yai Canal estuary.

For TBT value, over-standard value was found at Laem Chabang Port (11 ng/l).


Table 2 : Marine Water Quality at Eastern Gulf of Thailand


ExcellentNone

(>90 - 100)

GoodTa Waen Beach (Koh Lan), Jom Thien Beach, Sattahip Port, Chong Samaesarn-Chonburi Province,

(>80 - 90)Payoon Beach, Baan Nong Fab, Mae Rampueng Beach, Sai Khaew Beach (Koh Samed), Klaeng Canal

estuary - Rayong Province, Kung Kra Ben Bay-Chantaburi Province, Sai Khao Beach (Koh Chang)-Trad Province

Angsila, Bang Saen Beach, Bang Phra, Si Racha, Koh Sichang, Udom Bay, Laem Chabang Port, Na Kuea

Market, Pattaya Nue, Pattaya-Chonburi Province, Map Ta Phut Port, Sai Thong Beach, Rayong Estuary,

Fair Pramong Port (Ban Pe Market), Rukkachart Garden, Laem Mae Pim-Rayong Province, Prasae River Estuary,

(>50 - 80) Pangrad River Estuary, Kung Kra Ben Beach, Chantaburi River Estuary, Weru River Estuary-Chantaburi Province,

Laem Ngob, Trad River Estuary, Laem Sok (Banpu), Yai Canal estuary, Khlong Prao Beach (Koh Chang),

Salakpetch Bay (Koh Chang), Bang Bao Bay (Koh Chang)-Trad Province

DeterioratedChonburi Bay-Chonburi Province

(>25 - 50)

Highly DeterioratedNone

(0 - 25)

Western Gulf of Thailand (Petchburi Province -Narathiwat Province)The high value of Suspended Solids, in the range of 634.8 - 860.2 mg/l, was found at Prachuap Khiri Khan

Bay, in front of Ta Mong Lai Hill, Ban Bo Nok in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, and Tha Koei Canal estuary inSurat Thani Province, and Tha Koei Canal estuary stood for the highest value.

Regarding Nutrient value, high nitrate nitrogen values were higher than the standard criteria at Ban LaemCanal estuary in Petchburi Province, Prachuap Khiri Khan Bay in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Kra Dae Canaland Tapi River estuary at Ban Don Bay in Surat Thani Province, Chumporn River and Langsuan River estuariesin Chumporn Province, Pattani River estuary in Pattani Province (101 - 1,760 µg/l), and the highest value wasfound at Ban Laem Canal estuary where cockle and oyster farms have been established. Ammonia andnitrogen value stood greater than the standard value at Chumporn River estuary (475 µg/l) and Kra Dae Canalin Karnchanadit District of Surat Thani Province (680 µg/l). Over-standard phosphate-phosphorus was found atBan Laem Canal estuary in Petchburi Province (115 µg/l) and Ban Bang Taboon Canal estuary in PetchburiProvince (125 µg/l).

Total Coliform Bacteria exceeded the standard criteria at Ban Bang Taboon Canal estuary, Ban LeamCanal estuary, oyster farms in Petchburi Province, Parnburi River estuary, Hua Hin fish pier in Prachuap Khiri KhanProvince, Chumporn River estuary, Ban Bor Ka (Kor Bay) in Chumporn Province, Tha Koey Canal estuary,Tapi Rier estuary, Kra Dae Canal, oyster farms in Surat Thani Province, Kanom Power Plant, Tha Sung Canalestuary, Pakpanang River estuary in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, and Pattani River estuary, Panare, SaiburiRiver estuary in Pattani Province (1,100 - 54,000 units) while the highest value was at Pattani River estuary.

According to Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, the value was high at Ban Bang Taboon Canal estuary(110 CFU/ml) and Pattani River estuary (69 CFU/ml).


In respect with Enterococci Bacteria, its value was high (920 units) at Hua Hin and Hat Rin Bay atKoh Pangan in Surat Thani Province (350 units).

As for heavy metals, manganese exceeded the standard value at Ban Bang Taboon Canal and Ban LaemCanal estuaries in Petchburi Province, Samphraya Beach, Somroiyod National Park in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province,Chumporn River estuary in Chumporn Province, Tha Koei Canal estuary, mussel farms at Tha Koei Canal estuary,Tapi River estuary at Ban Don Bay and Kra Dae Canal in Surat Thani Province, and Pakpanang River estuary inNakhon Si Thammarat Province (160 - 950 µg/l) while the highest value was found at Ban Laem Canal estuary.Over-standard iron in the range of 370 - 5,200 µg/l was found at Bang Thaboon Canal and Ban Laem Canalestuaries in Petchburi Province, Prachuap Khiri Khan Bay, Samphraya Beach and Khlong Wan estuary in PrachuapKhiri Khan Province, Chumporn River and Langsuan River estuaries in Chumporn Province, Tha Toey Canal estuary,Kra Dae Canal, Mae Nam Market, and Don Sak Canal in Surat Thani Province, Nai Plao Beach, Tha Sung Canalestuary, and Pakpanang River estuary in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Songkhla Lake estuary in SongkhlaProvince, and Pattani River estuary in Pattani Province while the highest value stood at Ban Laem Canal estuary.

Table 3 : Marine Water Quality at Western Gulf of Thailand


Manow Beach, Ban Bangsapan Noi Canal Estuary - Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Paradornpap Beach-Chumporn

Province, Hatrin Beach (Koh Pangun), Tong Ta Pan Beach-Surat Thani Province

Beach around Kraigungwon Royal Palace, Hua Hin Beach, Khao Takiep, Wan Canal Estuary, Wanakorn Beach,

Ban Thung Pradu, Ban Kud Beach, middle of Somboon Beach (Somroiyod National Park)-Prachuap Khiri Khan Province,

Bang Son Bay, Sa Plee Bay, Thung Wua Land Bay, Sai Ree Beach-Chumporn Province, Pier in front of Koh Samui District,

Mae Nam Market (Ban Mae Nam), Chawaeng Noi Bay (Koh Samui), Chawaeng Khlang Bay (Koh Samui), Lamai Beach

(Koh Samui), Ban Hua Thanon, Bang Cheed Bay (Koh Samui), Ferry Pier (Koh Samui), Ferry Pier (Koh Pangan),

Koh Pangan (Fish Pier)-Surat Thani Province, Nai Plao Beach, Hin Ngarm Beach, Ban Pak Khlong-Nakhon Si Thammarat

Province, Pak Wara Water Drainage Gate, Ban Hua Koh, Maharat Beach, Samila Beach-Songkhla Province, Panare,

Panare Beach-Pattani Province, Ban Sarawan (Ban Lawaeng), Bang Nara Canal Estuary - Narathiwat Province

Chao Samran Beach, Puek Tien Beach, Cha-um Beach-Petchburi Province, Hua Hin Fish Pier, Pranburi River Estuary,

beaches at skull area, Ban Bo Nok, Prachuap Beach - Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Tapi River Estuary (Ban Don Bay),

Kradae Canal, Don Sak Canal estuary, Ferry Pier - Surat Thani Province, Kanom Power Plant, Tha Sung Canal Estuary,

Pak Panang River Estuary - Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Songkhla Lake Estuary - Songkhla Province, Pattani River

Estuary, Saiburi River Estuary - Pattani Province

Ban Bang Taboon Canal Estuary - Petchburi Province, Chumporn River Estuary, Pak Hat Beach - Chumporn Province

Pak Khong Ban Laem - Petchburi Province

Excellent

(>90 - 100)

Fair

(>50 - 80)

Deteriorated

(>25 - 50)

Good

(>80 - 90)

Highly Deteriorated

(0 - 25)


Figure 2 : The Quality of Coastal Marine Water throughout the Country, Year 2004

25THAILAND STATE OFPOLLUTION REPORT 2004

SpoilingNan River

On 29th June 2004, fish fed, in many fish pots in Nan River located from Chum SaengDistrict to Pak Nam Pho, Muang District of Nakhon Sawan Province including naturallygrowing up fish, had a sudden death. Related agencies under the Ministry of Natural Resourcesand Environment in each area, such as the Regional Environment Office 3 (Phitsanulok), theRegional Environment Office 4 (Nakhon Sawan), Office of Natural Resources and Environmentof Phichit Province and Nakhon Sawan Province as well as the Pollution Control Department,had investigated the water quality in Nan River at the areas of Chum Saeng District and ChaoPhraya River starting from Pak Nam Pho in Nakhon Sawan Province down to Chao PhrayDam in Chai Nat Province. The investigation disclosed that Dissolved Oxygen value (DO)was so low, and it nearly sank to the zero point through the river. Furthermore, several canalsat Chum Saeng District and Bang Mun Nak District in Phichit Province, located over theincident of fishûs death (such as Hor Krai Canal, Bussabong Nue Canal, Bussabong TaiCanal, and Jorake Puak Canal) were in the spoiling condition; water became tainted andemitted bad smells. In the meantime, water gates were opened at all time to dischargepolluted water to Nan River. Since 27th June 2004, a great deal of contaminated water hasbeen emitted whereas some water from Sirikit Dam located over Nan River was insufficientlyreleased to dilute such tainted water, which resulted to the decreasing level of DissolvedOxygen and fishûs death due to lack of oxygen.

Based on monitoring data, it was found that, in June 2004, Chantu Typhoon passed aforesaid areas,which caused paddy field be flooded before reaching the harvest period, subsequently, rice farms becamerotten due to piling-up of flour and rice milk. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) hiked to 200 mg/l. Whensome water held in those rice farms was drained out and flew into canals and Nan River to solve the flood infarms, a great amount of tainted water flew into Nan River during 28 - 29 June 2004.

Urgent solutions were to increase the amount of water released from Sirikit Dam to dilute the taintedwater in Nan River, and to control the release of water by Chao Phraya River; so that, the tainted water wasemitted without any impact to Chao Phraya River. The water quality had been continually investigated up to4 July 2004 when the water quality had better condition; the value of Dissolved Oxygen had gradually beenincreasing that did not affect fishes there. Moreover, according to water sampling collected to examine theamount of pesticides in canals and Nan River, pesticides in the level that could give significant impact to waterresources and aquatic animals was not found in such water resources.

According to spoiling water crisis in Nan River resulted by the effluence of huge amount of tainted waterfrom flooded paddy field, the spoiling water crisis in Thachin River in 2000 pointed out that the water releasedfrom flooded paddy field could be another factor of critical water pollution in water resources. Therefore,means and process to handle problems in flooded areas must deal with the water release planning, and waterquality monitoring, including with emergency warning system in every river basin.


Figure 1 : Places of Incidents, Affected by the Discharge of Spoiled Water from Flooded Paddy Field inBang Mun Nak District, Phichit Province

Figure 2 : The Status of Flooded and Spoiled Paddy Field in Bang Mun Nak District, Phichit Province dueto Chantu Typhoon (Photo Taken on 1 July 2004 When the Flood Level Decreased)


Bang M

oon Na

k District, Phic

hit Prov

ince

Pak N

am Pho, N

akhon Sawa

n Pro

vince

Dechatiwo

ng Bridge, N

akhon Sawa

n Pro

vince

Tha Nam

Aoy Bridge, U

thai Thani Pro

vince

Manorom

District, C

hai N

at Pro

vince

Chai Na

t City Hall

Over

Por.To

r.Ror. Po

lthep, C

hai N

at Pro

vince

Over

Por.To

r.Ror. Noi River, Chai N

at Pro

vince

At the

rear

of Ch

ao Phra

ya Dam

Sapphaya District, C

hai N

at Pro

vince

In Buri D

istrict, Sing

Buri Prov

ince

Muang Distric

t, Sing Buri P

rovinc

e

Milligram/liter7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0

Dissolved oxygen (DO) in Nan River and Chao Phraya River

1/7/2004

3/7/2004

4/7/2004

6/7/2004

Figure 3 : Nan River in the Area of Bussabong Nue Canal Estuary, Bang Mun Nak District, Phichit Province

Figure 4 : The Amount of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in Nan River (Bang Mun Nak District, Phichit Province) andChao Phraya River (Pak Nam Pho, Nakhon Sawan Province - Muang District, Sing Buri Province) during the Incident


STATE OF AIR QUALITY AND NOISE POLLUTION

May we ask for clear blue sky.May we ask for clear air.

May we ask for cars, boats, and factories to lessen their release.To have air for us breathing in.


State of

Air QualityPM

10 (

µ g/m

3 )

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Roadsides

General Areas

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Standard = 50 µg/m3

Thailandûs state of air quality in 2004 still hung on the problem of particulate matterless than 10 micron (PM

10), which was surplus to the standard condition, in several areas

like the situation in the previous year. This problem was likely to be evidently increasing andfound in existing areas such as Samut Prakarn Province, Bangkok (at roadsides), and TambonNa Phra Lan, Chaloem Phra Kiat District, and Saraburi Province, etc. Also, more other areaswere facing the particulate matter that was over the standard during the winter such asChiang Mai Province, Lampang Province, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, ChonburiProvince (Si Racha District), and Rayong Province (Pluak Daeng District).

Ozone gas(1) situation was not different from last year; this problem occurred in some areas such asBangkok, vicinity, and the Eastern region of Thailand. Concerning carbon monoxide, the amount exceeded thestandard criteria in some periods of time at some roadsides of Bangkok. In part of other air pollutants such assulpher dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead, their concentration stayed in the standard criteria.

Air Quality in BangkokOver-standard air pollutants, contaminating in the Bangkok ambient air, including with particulate matter

(PM), Total Suspended Particles (TSP), and ozone gas. If compared to the previous year, particulate matter andTSP have been evidently increasing (Figure 1 - 2); however, other air pollutants were still in limits. The main causeof PM always comes from the vechicles, which has been mutiplying every year and caused traffic congestion.In accordance with data of the Department of Land Transportation, the total number of all registered vehiclesin Bangkok up to the year 2003 reached 5.5 million while, in 2004, new registered vehicles totaled 657,592.Moreover, the increase of construction activities pushed roadsides face with fiercer air pollution than othercommunity or residential areas.

Figure 1 : Annual Tendency of PM10 in Bangkok from 1994 - 2004

(1) Ozone gas is the secondary toxic substance formed by the reaction between hydrocarbon and oxide of nitrogen,accelerated by sunlight.


TSP

(mg/

m3 )

0.60

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00Standard = 0.1 mg/m3

Roadsides

General Areas

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Figure 2 : Annual Overall Tendency of TSP in Bangkok from 1994 - 2004

1. General AreasTotal 10 air quality-monitoring stations were established in Bangkok and overall monitoring

indicated that particulate matter and ozone gas remained the major crisis since both air pollutants have

exceeded the standard condition and climbed higher if compared to previous year (2003). For other air

pollutants (e.g. TSP, lead, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide), their concentrations in the

air were similar to the previous year but were within limits (Table 1).

The 24-hour particular matter averages were in the range of 19.3 - 219.3 micrograms/cubic meter

(µg/m3), exceeding the standard criteria for 82 times of 1,873 monitoring times in total or 4.4% (standard of

120 µg/m3). This air pollutant was sharply increasing if compared to year 2003 (exceeding the standard at 2.1%).

The area with the most serious PM problem was Rajabhat Ban Somdej Chao Phraya University.

The 1-hour ozone averages were in the range of 0 - 173.0 parts per billion (ppb), exceeding the standard

criteria for 102 times of 58,081 monitoring times in total or 0.18% (standard of 100 ppb). Over-standard times

decreased if compared to the year 2003 (exceeding the standard criteria for 155 times of 61,789 monitoring

times in total or 0.25%). The highest concentration level of ozone gas was found at Khlong Chan Housing Office

while the ozone level exceeding the standard condition has been found there.


Table 1 : The Air Quality of General Areas in Bangkok, Year 2004

ParametersRange of

PercentileAverage Standard Times of Exceeding Standard/

Monitored Value Value at 95 Value Times of Monitoring (Percentage)

Total Suspended Particles0.02 - 0.32 0.21 0.11 0.33 0/436 (0)

Averages 24 hours(2) (mg/m3)

PM10 19.3 - 219.3 116.4 59.8 120 82/1,873 (4.4)

Averages 24 hours(2) (µg/m3)

Lead0.02 - 0.34 0.22 0.09 1.5 0/107 (0)

Averages 1 month (µg/m3)

Carbon Monoxide0 - 8.3 2.0 0.7 30 0/71,616 (0)

Averages 1 hour (ppm)

Carbon Monoxide0 - 5.2 1.8 0.7 9 0/74,282 (0)

Averages 8 hours (ppm)

Ozone Gas0 - 173.0 53.0 15.7 100 102/58,081 (0.18)

Averages 1 hour (ppb)

Sulphur Dioxide0 - 103.0 14.0 5.0 300 0/70,886 (0)


Sulphur Dioxide0 - 19.7 10.3 5.0 120 0/2,884 (0)

Averages 24 hours (ppb)

Nitrogen Dioxide0 - 170.0 58.0 24.3 170 0/69,752 (0)


2. Roadside LocationsTotal 7 permanent air quality-monitoring stations and another 21 temporary air quality-monitoring

stations were established at Bangkok roadsides. Main pollutants, included particulate matter and Total

Suspended Particulars. Carbon monoxide and ozone gas, were sometimes found a bove to the standard limits

at some roadsides whereas sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead were within standard limits (Table 2).

(2) Total suspended particles refer to particles < 100 micron.(3) PM

10 refers to particles < 10 micron.


Table 2 : Roadside Air Quality in Bangkok, Year 2004

ParametersRange of

PercentileAverage Standard Times of Exceeding Standard/

Monitored Value Value at 95 Value Times of Monitoring (Percentage)

Total Suspended Particulars

0.01 - 0.77 0.38 0.18 0.33 53/631 (8.4)Averages 24 hours (mg/m3)

PM10 21.5 - 224.8 135.2 78.5 120 243/2,282 (10.6)

Averages 24 hours (µg/m3)

Lead0.02 - 0.31 0.22 0.10 1.5 0/104 (0)

Averages 1 month (µg/m3)

Carbon Monoxide0 - 15.1 4.5 1.7 30 0/55,940 (0)

Averages 1 hour (ppm)

Carbon Monoxide0 - 10.6 4.1 1.7 9 44/56,647 (0.08)

Averages 8 hours (ppm)

Ozone Gas0 - 143.0 45.0 12.4 100 12/24,977 (0.05)


Sulphur Dioxide0 - 66.0 17.0 7.0 300 0/24,615 (0)


Sulphur Dioxide0.4 - 23.6 12.8 7.0 120 0/1,069 (0)

Averages 24 hours (ppb)

Nitrogen Dioxide0 - 172.0 77.0 34.7 170 1/24,895 (0.004)


2.1 Air Quality-Monitoring StationsBy air quality monitoring regularly measured throughout the year by 7-air quality-monitoring

stations, the 24-hour particulate matter averages were in the range of 21.5 - 224.8 µg/m3, exceeding the

standard criteria for 243 times of 2,282 monitoring times in total or 10.6%. This air pollutant was obviously

increasing if compared to year 2003 (exceeding the standard at 5.0%). The area with the most serious PM

problem was at Rama VI Road next to the Ministry of Science and Technology.

The slight problem of the 1-hour ozone averages also continued like the previous year. In 2004,

the range of ozone gas was 0 - 143.0 ppb, exceeding the standard criteria for 12 times of 24,977 monitoring

times in total or 0.05%. Over-standard concentration was detected at Din Daeng Road and Intarapitak Road.

2.2 Temporary Air Quality-Monitoring StationsAir quality monitoring at roadsides with heavy traffic measured 2 - 3 times per week by 21

temporary air quality-monitoring stations on 4 parameters, namely PM, TSP, lead, and CO. The measurement

showed that PM in several areas exceeded the standard limit while TSP and CO were greater than the standard

limits on some streets.


Pitsan

ulok

Roa

d

Sukh

umvit

Roa

d

Atna

rong

Roa

d

Samse

n Ro

ad

Rama

IX R

oad

Sukh

apiban

I Ro

ad

Sathup

radit R

oad

Ratcha

prar

op R

oad

Yaow

araj R

oad

Lanlua

ng R

oad

Lanlua

ng (Man

sri)

Road

Phra

Sum

eru

Road

Si P

hray

a Ro

ad

Prac

hathipok

Roa

d

Krun

gthe

p-No

ntab

uri R

oad

Rama

III R

oad

Silom R

oad

Rama

I Roa

d

Ramka

mha

eng

Road

Paho

lyothin R

oad

Rajathev

ee R

oad

24-h P

M10 (

µg/m

3 )

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Standard = 120 (µg/m3)

2003

2004

The 24-hour particulate matter averages were in the range of 39.2 - 241.0 µg/m3; the most serious

PM problem was detected on Ratchaprarop at Pratunam as well as other main streets such as Sukhumvit at

Soi Onnuch, Rama III, Tok intersection, Yaowaraj at Rajawong intersection, Rajavithi at Victory Momument,

Rama I at Mahboonkrong intersection, Lanluang at the Lanluang Police Booth, Paholyothin at the Department

of Land Development. This air pollution was caused by traffic jam and congestion (Figure 3).

Figure 3 : The Highest Value of Average 24-Hour Particulate Matters at Roadside Locations, Monitoredat Temporary Air Quality-Monitoring Stations in Bangkok between 2003 - 2004

The highest 24-hour TSP averages exceeded the standard limits on some streets, and the detected range

was 0.01 - 0.65 mg/m3. The highest level was found at Ratchaprarop Road at Pratunam. and sometimes

exceeded at some main streets (such as Sathupradit at Sathupradit Post Office, Lanluang at Lanluang Police

Booth, Sukhumvit at Soi Onnuch, Rama III at Tok intersection, Lanluang at Man Sri intersection, and Krungthep-

Nonthaburi at Wongsawang intersection) (Figure 4).


Pitsan

ulok

Roa

d

Sukh

umvit

Roa

d

Atna

rong

Roa

d

Samse

n Ro

ad

Rama

IX R

oad

Sukh

apiban

I Ro

ad

Sathup

radit R

oad

Ratcha

prar

op R

oad

Yaow

araj R

oad

Lanlua

ng R

oad

Lanlua

ng (Man

sri)

Road

Phra

Sum

eru

Road

Si P

hray

a Ro

ad

Prac

hathipok

Roa

d

Krun

gthe

p-No

ntab

uri R

oad

Rama

III R

oad

Silom R

oad

Rama

I Roa

d

Ramka

mha

eng

Road

Paho

lyothin R

oad

Rajathev

ee R

oad

24-h TSP

(mg/

m3 )

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00

2003

2004Standard = 0.33 (mg/m3)

Figure 4 : The Highest Value of Average 24-Hour Total Suspended Particles at Roadside Locations,Monitored at Temporary Air Quality-Monitoring Stations in Bangkok between 2003 - 2004

1-hour CO averages remained in the standard limits, but the 8-hour CO averages beyond the standard

set were sometime found on only one street : Sukhumvit at Soi Onnuch with 3.2 - 10.6 ppm because the traffic

blockage caused the accumulation of this pollutant (standard = 9 ppm).

Air Quality in Vicinity AreasTotal 10 air quality-monitoring stations established in 4 provinces : Samut Prakarn, Samut Sakhon,

Pathum Thani, and Nonthaburi, indicated that particulate matter and ozone gas were main problems, but other

air pollutants were within limits.

The 24-hour particulate matter averages were in the range of 8.8 - 331.0 µg/m3. The area with more

serious and continual PM problem was Samut Prakarn Province, exceeding the standard criteria for 702 times

of 1,672 monitoring times in total or 42.0%, compared to previous year at 29.9% (Figure 5 - 6).

The 1-hour ozone averages were in the range of 0 - 192.0 ppb at every monitoring station, exceeding

the standard criteria for 112 times of 41,038 monitoring times in total or 0.27% which slightly decreased,

compared with the measurement in 2003 that exceeded the standard limit at 0.39%. The concentration level

of ozone gas surplus to the standard limits was found at Samut Sakhon, Nonthaburi, and Pathum Thani

Provinces.


Annual PM10 (µg/m3)

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

01997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Year


Exceedance Rate (%)50

40

30

20

10

01997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Year

35.9

15.1

27.3

19.316.7 18.4

29.9

42.0

Figure 5 : Annual Tendency of PM10 in SamutPrakarn Province between 1997 - 2004

Figure 6 : Percentage of PM Exceedance inSamut Prakarn Province between 1997 - 2004

Province, the PM problem was so serious during the

beginning of 2004 as the consequence of smoke,

caused by open burning (such as forest fire,

agricultural waste burning to prepare planting areas,

and municipal waste burning). In the other areas,

the PM problem involved with Chonburi Province

(Si Racha District), Rayong (Pluak Daeng District),

Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, and Nakhon

Ratchasima Province, etc.

The 1-hour ozone averages were in the

problematic level in some areas and increased slightly.

The ozone concentration was found in the range of

0 - 165.0 ppb, exceeding the standard criteria in

some provinces such as Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya,

Chonburi, Rayong (Pluak Daeng District), and

Ratchaburi. Sometimes, ozone concentration was

over the standard limits at Saraburi, Chiang Mai,

Nakhon Ratchasima, and Nakhon Sawan Provinces.

Air Quality in Other ProvincesIn other provinces of Thailand, PM stood as

the main problem. Compared to previous year, it was

found that most locations confronted more serious

PM problem, especially in the Northern region of

Chiang Mai and Lampang Province as well as

Chaloem Phra Kiat District in Saraburi Province. The

second main problem was the concentration of ozone

gas, slightly increasing in some areas. However, other

air pollutants were within limits.

The 24-hour particulate matter averages were

in the range of 9.9 - 415.7 µg/m3. The area with the

highest PM level was Chaloem Phra Kiat District in

Saraburi Province, exceeding the standard criteria for

124 times of 355 monitoring times in total or 34.9%,

which increased sharply if compared to the previous

year at 15.0%. Origins of particulate matter included

stone mines, stone and quarrying industries, and

local transportation activities. For the Northern region

in Chiang Mai Province and Mae Mo in Lampang


Inspection and Banof Black Smoke Emitting Vehicles

Number of Vehicles (Unit)

8,000

7,500

7,000

6,500

6,000

5,500

7,614

Inspected Vehicles (Unit)

Banned Vehicles

6,483

In 2004, the Pollution Control Department collaborating with the Traffic PoliceDepartment, the Land Transportation Department, the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration(BMA), and the Bangkok Metropolitan Transportation Authority (BMTA) conducted inspectionsand issued banning measures on vehicles (diesel) emitting black smoke in all areas ofBangkok. The operation was separated into the following 2 steps :

1. Inspection and ban of vehicles (such as pickups, passenger vans) pursuant todiesel-fuel vehicle lawThe Traffic Police Department in the cooperation with the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration and

the Pollution Control Department conducted inspections and bans of black-smoke vehicles and issued theprohibition of vehicle uses in accordance with the Enhancement and Conservation of National EnvironmentalQuality Act B.E. 2535. Inspected vehicles with over-standard emission (black smoke) were marked çPermanentlyBannedé or çTemporarily Bannedé. All 7,614 vehicles, which were likely to cause the pollutant (black smoke),were inspected and 6,483 vehicles were çTemporarily Bannedé or 85% of total inspected ones.

The BMA and the Pollution Control Department set up 7 checkpoint locations for vechicle-unbanned emission. 5 checkpoints operated by the BMA at Mechanical Engineer Bureau (BMA 2), RepairingCenter of Mechanical Engineer Bureau at Don Muang Branch, Pravej Branch, Ratburana Branch, andPasicharoen Branch. The other 2 checkpoints operated by the Pollution Control Department at the ElevatedHighway Police Station, and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. In 2004, owners of 4,980 vehiclesor 77% submitted requests for the cancellation of çTemporarily Bannedé issued order.

Figure 1 : The Results of Inspecting and Arresting Black-Smoke Vehicles under the Enhancement andConservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2535 (1992)


Number of Vehicles (Unit)

1,000

800

600

400

200

0BMTA+ Private Buses Trucks

(Co-service) Public owned byBMTA Buses Transport

Co., Ltd.

68

880

169243

2. Inspection and arrest of vehicles (such as buses, trucks) pursuant to theLand Transportation ActThe Land Transportation Department in collaboration of BMTA, BMA, and the Pollution Control

Department had inspected and banned of black-smoke vehicles and issued the prohibition of vehicle uses inaccordance to the Land Transportation Act, B.E. 2522 by marking çBanned for Usesé for vehicles emitting thepollution over the standard limits (black smoke). All 89,311 vehicles were inspected and 1,360 vehicles withsurplus black smoke emission or 1.5% were sprayed with çBanned for Usesé. Among all inspected and bannedvehicles, all of those were classified to 880 BMTA buses and co-service public buses or 65%, 169 private busesor 12%, 68 buses owned by Transport Co., Ltd. or 5%, and 243 trucks or 18%.

Figure 2 : The Result of Inspecting and Arresting Black-Smoke Vehicles under theLand Transportation Act B.E. 2522 (1979)


Reduction of Pollutionand Petrol Saving by Vehicle Preventive Maintenance

Public buses running in Bangkok and vicinity areas, especially most co-service publicbuses, were in the deteriorating condition due to heavy daily operation. Moreover, trafficcongestion in city areas drove vehicle engines heavily all the time. If engines were not caredand maintained correctly and regularly, it was possible that engines declined and worn outbefore the appropriate time. This resulted to much fuel waste and emission through theexhaust, particularly the rapid increase of particulate matter.

The proficiency project of improving and maintaining engines of BMTA buses for pollution reduction and

energy saving aimed to examine benefits gained by enhancing and maintaining public bus engines in terms

of pollutant emission rates through exhausted gas, rates of fuel waste, and the comparison between 3 cases

(current-used public buses conventionally improved and maintained by entrepreneurs, current-used public buses

with perfect engines and correctly and regularly improved and maintained by entrepreneurs, and public buses

overhauled and improved by the manufacturersû standard).

Regularly, correct able engine maintenance, or preventive maintenance, refers to engine maintenance

with purposes of preventing damages of the engine systems or engines during their using ages by means

of checking-up, purifying, lubricating, overhauling, maintaining, and changing spare parts or equipment,

determined as per running distance and/or appropriate time or advice stated in the vehicle manual prior to

the occurrence of damages during uses. However, most conventional maintenance will focus on necessary

maintenance for further uses or repairs when vehicles are out-of-work. Engine checking-up, purifying and

lubricating, overhauling, maintaining, and changing of motor parts or equipment may not be correct,

depending on relevant to fixed distance, appropriate period, manufacturersû standard, advice in the manual;

as a result, more vehicles break down during service hours, and this probably affects the bus service.

The sample group composed 20 BMTA buses currently used in the public transportation with their

exhausted gas standard lower than Euro 1 buses. This sample group was divided into 2 sets (10 buses per one

group), and Each group would be sub-divided into 2 groups as shown in Figure 1.

Group 1 Group 210 Buses 10 Buses

Conventional Maintenance Preventive Maintenance

Group 1 A Group 1 B Group 2 A Group 2 B

Buses overhauled Not-overhauled Buses overhauled Buses not overhauled

by entrepreneurs buses in compliance of but improved in

manufacturersû standard compliance of

manufacturersû standard

Figure 1 : Sampling Buses


80

60

40

20

0

-20

-40

-60

-80

Remark :

CO : Carbon Monoxide

HC : Hydrocarbon

NOx

: Oxide of Nitrogen

PM : Particulate Matter

BS : Black Smoke

OP : Opacity

DFC : Daily Fuel Consumption

Averag

e Cha

nge

Rate (%)

CO HC NOx

PM BS OP DFC

1 A 1 B 2 A 2 B

The research results showed that engine overhauling and/or improving, including correct and regular

maintenance, could enhance proficienctly in reducing pollution emission, the amount of black smoke,

and quantity of fuel consumption whereas engine power remained unchanged. However, in this study, the

tuning-up engine of BMTA buses was different in all 4 groups, which resulted to different manners of proficiency

reducing pollution emission, fuel consumption, and engine power. There were, different engine tuning-up,

overhauling, and maintaining in 4 bus groups; proficiency and changes of variables were different as

summarized in Figure 2.

Figure 2 : Average Change Rate of Variables after Overhauling, Tuning Up and Maintaining Vehicle Motors

This study had a conclusion that the preventive maintenance and tuning-up of public buses, based on

manufacturersû standard, could help to decrease the emission of several air pollutants : reduction rates at 40%

for particulate matter, 18% for carbon monoxide, 27% for black smoke, 23% for opacity, and fuel-saving at 4.3%

per day. In a like manner, public buses without preventive maintenance or tuning-up as per manufacturersû

standard conversely emitted more air pollutants, increasing at 31.5% for particulate matter, 1.6% for carbon

monoxide, 6.1% for black smoke, 82% for opacity, and fuel consumption increased at 2.4% per day.

The Pollution Control Department, now, is preparing a proposal to be submitted to the National

Environment Board to enforce private public buses to be equipped by the preventive maintenance system.

Besides, this project will be also promoted by developing the preventive maintenance system for private bus

entrepreneurs, developing mechanics in garages to have capabilities in relation to preventive maintenance,

and arranging training courses for bus drivers, regarding safety drive, pollution reduction, and energy saving.


Solutions of Dust Pollutionin the Area of Tambon Na Phra Lan, Saraburi Province

780720660600540480420360300240180120600

PM10 (

µ g/m

3 )

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Highest


Average Lowest

Tambon Na Phra Lan in Chaloem Phra Kiat District of Saraburi Province has experiencedthe fierce and continuous problem of dust since 1996 - 2004. The highest 24-hour particulatematter (PM

10) averages in the area of Na Phra Lan exceeded the standard limits every year,

and such problem has been mainly caused by dust sent out by both stone mines and stoneand quarrying process, including stone loading and transportation activities. In 2004, it waslikely that this problem became fiercer that possibly harmed general peopleûs health, or itmight hurt the environment. Unless, control and prevention measures to solve it strictly andseriously was issued. (Figure 1)

Figure 1 : PM10 Found in the Air at Na Phra Lan School between 1996 - 2004

In accordance with the aforesaid crisis, the Pollution Control Department has cooperated with relevant

agencies to hasten to control and solve this problem seriously. The Department submitted a proposal to the

National Environment Board and the Cabinet to have the consideration on relevant issues, followed up and

examined problems, and made campaigns and public relations to acquire the general publicûs involvement.

Main actions taken from April - December 2004 are listed below :

ë On 13 August 2004 - Notifying Tambon Na Phra Lan, Chaloem Phra Kiat District of Saraburi Province,

established pursuant to the local administration area, as the pollution control area in compliance with Article

59 of the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environment Quality Act, B.E. 2535;

ë Preparation of an action plan to reduce and wipe out the pollution in the pollution control area at

Tambon Na Phra Lan (2005 - 2009). The action plan consisted of 6 working plans (recovery and remedy plan,

legal plan, prevention and observation plan, plan for conscious mind encouragement about environment,

research plan, and investigation and evaluation plan). The National Environment Board had an approval for

such action plan on 29 July 2004;

ë Scrutiny of pollutant sources such as stone and quarrying industries, stone mines, and vehicles as

details below :


300

250

200

150

100

50

0

24-h P

M10 A

verage

s (µ

g/m

3 )

1 Ap

r.12

Apr

.25

Apr

.1

May

15 M

ay26

May

6 Ju

n.17

Jun

.28

Jun

.9

Jul.

20 J

ul.

31 J

ul.

11 A

ug.

22 A

ug.

2 Se

p.13

Sep

.24

Sep

.5

Oct.

16 O

ct.

27 O

ct.

7 No

v.18

Nov

.29

Nov

.10

Dec

.21

Dec

.

(1) Checking up the opacity of Particulate matter from the production process of stone and

quarrying factories in Tambon Na Phra Lan and surrounding areas for 55 locations in total. Checking on this

aspect has been done both in the day and night time on a monthly basis for consecutive 9 months. The results

indicated that 24 stone mills emitted Particulate matter over the standard limits (opacity standard must not

exceed 20%). The Governor of Saraburi Province, by virtue of state official pursuant to laws on factory, had an

order to those stone mills to cease their business operations for improving and remedying such problem within

60 days upon the examination date.

(2) Inspecting and banning more than 10,000 trucks, emitting black smoke and/or loaded

materials on their enclosed space, were not properly covered while running on public main roads in the area

of Na Phra Lan. The provincial police at Tambon Na Phra Lan captured and fined trucks emitting the black

smoke over the standard limits and no proper cover on the backspace at 1% and 2% respectively.

(3) Investigating the noise level caused by stone and quarrying process, including the vibration

caused by activities of stone mines in the area of Na Phra Lan and vicinity approximately 30 locations.

(4) Investigating and regularizing uses of explosive objects in stone mining in order to prevent unlawful

stone explosion and losses of explosive materials by establishing a working committee for monitoring, controlling,

and supervising explosive materials in Saraburi Province.

(5) Examining the particulate matter contaminating in the environment in front of Na Phra Lan School,

where was a general community area, by an automatic and continuous air quality-monitoring station. It was

found that the highest 24-hour PM averages tended to be decreasing after the strict dust control measures,

except in December when PM value rose up but was still in standard limits, at least 97% of monitoring dates

(Figure 2). This event came from dry climate and more open-burning activities whereas several stone mills

pushed their operation capacities before several holidays during the New Year eve. However, it was found that

PM was likely to be slightly less than December 2003.

Figure 2 : Daily PM10 Found in the Air at Na Phra Lan Schoolbetween April - December 2004


Figure 3 : The Tendency of Monthly PM10 Found in the Air at Na Phra Lan School

between 2003 - 2004

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

PM10 (

µ g/m

3 )

PM10 in 2004

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Rain Water Volum

e (mm)

Janu

ary

Febru

aryMa

rch April Ma

yJune Ju

ly

Augu

st

Septe

mber

Octob

er

Novemb

er

Decemb

er

PM10 in 2003 Rain Water in 2004 Rain Water in 2003

PM10 in 2004

PM10 in 2003 Rain Water in 2004

Rain Waterin 2004

(6) Supporting health check-up of 1,251 general persons and 803 workers staying nearby stone and

quarrying manufacturers and stone mines. The health check-up showed that 22 general persons and another

6 workers had abnormal health; moreover, 31 general persons and 83 workers had abnormal lungs according

to chest x-ray, and 59 general persons and 153 workers had some lung infarction fallowing to lung capacity

check-up. The Health Office of Saraburi Province would further give away patients with lung infarction for

careful health check-up to scrutinize problems and figure out causes of diseases.

ë Campaigning for public relations and forming the publicûs involvement; for example, cleaning main

roads by daily washing and sweeping, assigning volunteers to observe the dust problems, and encouraging

entrepreneurs and publicûs awareness of controlling environmental problems.

ë Arranging monthly-based meetings with relevant agencies to follow up the progress of dust problems,

and submitting the performance reports to the Cabinet every 30 days.

As the consequences of intensive solutions by central, provincial, and local governmental entities,

private sector, and local people in this area together with strict enforcement of laws, monthly meetings for

solution directions, as well as regular problem observation, the particulate problem at Na Phra Lan was

controlled pleasingly and efficiently. Compared to the year 2003, the tendency of this problem was evidently

decreasing. (Figure 3)


Highest Average Lowest


NoisePollution

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

Noise

Lev

el 2

4-h

Averag

e (d

BA)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year

Standard = 70 dBA

90

80

70

60

50

40

Noise

Lev

el 2

4-h

Averag

e (d

BA)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year

Standard = 70 dBA

79.7

71

60.4

79.3

71

64

78.4

72

64.7

80.5

73

65.2

88.7

72

61.4

83.7

72

62.7

86.3

73

66.1

84

72

64

73.4

61

49.5

76.4

62

52.1

80.9

62

48.2

87.8

62

53

74.6

61

53.2

85.6

61

54.2

70.6

60

54.3

77

61

54

The Pollution Control Department has regularly monitored the noise level in the environmentthrough air and noise quality-monitoring stations and temporary checkpoints established inBangkok, vicinity, and other provinces. The monitoring results indicated that Thailandûs noisepollution between 1999 - 2004 in the areas of Bangkok and vicinity has not been changingin a great deal. As a result, the level of noise measured at roadsides has remained higher thanstandard noise limits. The 24-hour noise level average (Leq), measured in each year, rangedfrom 72 - 73 decibel (dBA) while the noise level in other general areas was still in thestandard limit at 60 - 62 dBA (Figure 1 - 2).

For other provinces, the level of noise has not been changing as well; noise at both roadsides andgeneral areas was still under the standard level with the 24-hour noise level averages (Leq), measured in eachyear, were in the range of 63 - 65 dBA and 57 - 61 dBA respectively (Figure 3 - 4).

Results of monitoring the noise level at roadsides, along canals, and general areas in Bangkok, vicinity,and other provinces in 2004 were concluded as follows :

Figure 1 : The 24-Hour Average of Noise Level at Roadsides in Bangkok and Vicinity between 1997 - 2004

Figure 2 : The 24-Hour Average of Noise Level at General Areas in Bangkok and Vicinity between 1997 - 2004




90

80

70

60

50

40Noise

Lev

el 2

4-h

Averag

e (d

BA)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year

Standard = 70 dBA

75.9

60

49.7

72.2

60

49.8

72.5

59

51

74.8

61

48

84.3

60

51.8

68.8

57

51.7

71.3

59

51.6

76

59

52

Figure 4 : The 24-Hour Average of Noise Level at General Areas in Other Provinces between 1997 - 2004

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

Noise

Lev

el 2

4-h

Averag

e (d

BA)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year

Standard = 70 dBA

82.3

65

54.9

81.4

65

55.5

77.3

63

53.9

73.8

64

56.3

86.8

64

53.2

81.7

65

54.9

90.5

64

54

85

64

49

Figure 3 : The 24-Hour Average of Noise Level at Roadsides in Other Provinces between 1997 - 2004



90

80

70

60

50

40

Noise

Lev

el 2

4-h

Averag

e (d

BA)

Standard = 70 dBA

Nucle

ar for Pe

ace Burea

u, Vib

havadi Rangsit

Road

Rajab

hat Ban So

mdej Institu

te, Issarapap Ro

ad

Rama

IX Intersec

tion

Lam

Sali Inte

rsection, Ram

kamh

aeng Ro

ad

Sukhumv

it Road,

Soi 77

Khlon

g Toe

i Five-way Intersec

tion

Land Transpo

rtation Dept., Paholyoth

in Road

Chula

longkorn

Hosp

ital, R

ama IV

Road

Suksaw

at-Pra

cha-U

tis Intersection

Aroonam

arin-P

rannok Inte

rsection

Ministry of Scie

nce,

Rama

VI

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Air and Noise QualityMonitoring Station

Temporary Inspection Point Roadsides General Areas

Noise Inspectio Areas

Noise Level in Bangkok and VicinityRoadside areas continued standing main problem areas in Bangkok and vicinity. The results of noise

monitoring displayed that the 24-hour noise level averages were 64 - 84 dBA, and the 24-hour noise level

averages in every monitoring station were 72 dBA, which exceeded the general standard noise level at 74%

(standard = 70 dBA). The highest noise level at 84 dBA was found at Bamrungmuang Road; additionally, streets

holding over-standard noise levels and over 80 dBA in some days were Bamrungmuang, Yaowaraj, Sukhumvit,

Tripetch, and Lad Prao.

For general areas, the 24-hour noise level averages were 54 - 77 dBA, and the 24-hour noise level

averages measured in every monitoring station were 61 dBA, which exceeded the general standard noise

level at 6%. Nonsivittaya School was an area with over-standard noise level for some days caused by the

construction of buildings nearby (Figure 5).

Moreover, according to noise monitoring along Saensab Canal, one of Bangkok main water paths with

loud noise, caused by public boats, was found that the 24-hour noise level averages were 63 - 65 dBA that

was still in the standard level. For the 24-hour noise level averages in every monitoring station, the measured

values were 64 dBA.

Figure 5 : The 24-Hour Average of Noise Level at Roadsides in Bangkok and Vicinity, Year 2004



90

80

70

60

50

40

Noise

Lev

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Roadsides General Areas

Noise Inspection Areas

Noise Level in Other ProvincesRoadside areas continued standing main problem areas as Bangkok and vicinity. The results of noise

monitoring were found that the 24-hour noise level averages (Leq) were 49 - 85 dBA, and the 24-hour noise level

averages in every monitoring station were 64 dBA, with 13% of dates when the measured noise level exceeded

the standard noise level. The highest noise level at 85 dBA was found at Hat Yai Municipality Office as a

result of traffic congestion together with the construction and renovation of buildings nearby. However,

at Na Phra Lan School of Saraburi Province. The noise level exceeded the highest standard limits at 96% of

entire dates, and the 24-hour noise level average ranged from 68 to 85 dBA, caused by not only the

transportation of heavy vehicles, such as trucks operated by stone and quarrying industries and stone mines,

but the other industries as well.

For general areas, the 24-hour noise level averages were 52 - 76 dBA, and the 24-hour noise level

averages measured in every monitoring station were 59 dBA, with dates when the noise level exceeded the

general standard limits at 1%. (Figure 6)

Figure 6 : The 24-Hour Average of Noise Level at Other Provinces in 2004

Na Phra

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STATE OF SOLID WASTE

To reduce the rubbish everywhere.To reduce burden suitably and basically.

To reduce from now and forever.To remind the environmental awareness and care eternally.


State of

Municipal Solid WasteIn 2004, Thailandûs municipal solid waste has climbed higher. The total amount of

solid waste around the country was approximately 14.6 million tons or 39,956 tons a day(excluding the amount of solid waste not being dropped into the bins), increasing about0.2 million tons from the previous year. Only in the Bangkok Metropolitan area, the amountof collected solid waste was 9,356 tons while the amount of solid waste generated in themunicipal area and Muang Pattaya was 12,500 tons a day. The amount of waste generatedin other non-municipal areas, covering all Tambon Administration Organization areas, was18,100 tons a day (Table 1 and Figure 1). The rising amount of solid waste might come fromthe population growth, expansion of communities, economic stimulus by the governmentalsector, tourism promotion and development.

Table 1 : The Amount of Municipal Solid Waste between 2003 - 2004

Amount of Solid WastePercentage of

Area (tons/day)Increasing Waste

2003 2004

1. Bangkok* 9,340 9,356 0.17

2. Municipal areas including Pattaya (1,145 municipalities) 12,100 12,500 3.31

2.1 Central and Eastern Regions (366 municipalities) 5,220 5,440 4.21

2.2 Northern Region (252 municipalities) 2,095 2,125 1.43

2.3 Northeastern Region (348 municipalities) 2,795 2,875 2.86

2.4 Southern Region (179 municipalities) 1,990 2,060 3.52

3. Non-Municipal Areas 17,800 18,100 1.69

Total 39,240 39,956 1.82

Remark : Numbers in the parentheses are the number of municipalities

Source : Department of Public Cleansing, BMA


Bangkok Municipalities Non-municipal Areas

2003 2004

20,000

18,000

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

9,340

Amount (tons/day)

9,356

12,100 12,500

17,80018,100

Rubber/Leather 0.5%

Food Leavings/Organic Waste 63.57%

Wood 0.74%Others 3.23%Clothes 1.37%

Paper 8.19%Metal 2.10%

Plastic 16.83%

Glass 3.47%

Figure 1 : The Amount of Waste, Classified by Areas between 2003 - 2004

For solid waste generated in municipal areas, it mostly consisted of food leaving and organic waste

mostly (63.57%); the second was plastic, paper, glass, metal, clothes, wood, and rubber/leather proportionally,

including the other elements. (Figure 2).

Figure 2 : The Components of Municipal Solid Waste througout the Country

Source : Survey and Analysis Report of Municipal Solid Waste Components all over the Country,

The Pollution Control Department, 2004


Waste in Bangkok Metropolitan AreaSolid waste in the Bangkok Metropolitan area could be totally collected at 9,356 tons a day. The disposal

of waste in Bangkok was contracted out to a private company with a responsibility for waste collection and

transfer to landfill facilities, pursuant to public health principles, located at Kampang San District, Nakhon

Pathom Province and Tambon Rachadheva, Bangpli District, Samut Prakarn Province (Figure 3).

The amount of waste collected

9,356 tons/day

Onnuch waste Nong Kham waste Tha Rang waste

transfer station transfer station transfer station

3,634 tons/day (39%) 3,580 tons/day (38%) 2,142 tons/day (23%)

Rachadheva Landfill, Kampang San Landfill,

Bangpli District, Kampang San District,

Samut Prakarn Province Nakhon Pathom Province

3,634 tons/day (39%) 5,722 tons/day (61%)

Figure 3 : The Management of BMA Waste in 2004

Source : Department of Public Cleansing, BMA


Waste in Municipal AreasSolid waste generated in city or municipal areas amounted to 12,500 tons a day, which would be

treated by the waste eradication system pursuant to public health principles, in 106 facilities : 103 sanitary

landfill facilities and 3 incinerators (Lampoon Municipality, Phuket Municipality, and Tambon Koh Samui

Municipality). By these facilities, about 5,325 tons of solid waste or 42.6% from all municipal areas around the

country could be wiped out per day. However, the residue waste has not yet been treated properly proved by

the existence of open dumping and open burning. Nevertheless, most sanitary waste landfills still encountered

improper operation system and maintenance, shortage of skillful and experienced personnel in the operation

system, as well as shortage of budgets for maintaining and running the operation system. These resulted to

waste landfill system inefficiently tailored to eliminate the solid waste. In part of incinerators for burning the

municipal waste set up in 3 locations, they have been obstructed by expenses of the system operation.

Waste in Non-municipal AreasSolid waste generated in areas beyond the Bangkok Metropolitan area, other municipalities, and

Muang Pattaya amounted to 18,100 tons a day. Provincial Administrations and Tambon Administrations were

responsible for the collection and disposal of waste, but most have not provided sanitary waste disposal

facilities. Consequently, waste was eliminated by open burning or uncontrolled landfills or open dumping.

Only 287 Tambon Administrations (of 6,636 Tambon Administrations in total) had the sanitary waste disposal

in cooperation with municipalities occupying such sanitary waste treatment system, but only 886 tons of

waste could be disposed per day. For other remote areas, local people had their own methods of

waste elimination.


2001 2002 2003 2004 Year

Amount of waste utilization

Amount of waste generated in municipalities

20

15

10

5

0

State of

Waste Utilization

14.1

2.2

14.3

2.6

14.4

2.8

14.6

3.1

Amount (million tons)

Municipal Solid Waste UtilizationMunicipal solid waste in 2004 reached 14.6 million tons (excluding municipal solid waste that was sorted

out before dropping into garbage cans), but only 3.1 million tons were recycled or 21% of all generated

amount of waste (Figure 1). Solid waste delivered to the recycle process came from 0.2 million ton of organic

and bioliquid fertilizer, and 2.9 million tons of ferrous metal, paper, glass, plastic, aluminum, and rubber. Recycle

patterns have been encouraged by various activities such as purchase of junk, Recycle Pha Pa Project,

garbage banks establishment in schools, recycled objects weekend market, waste in exchange for rice,

compost and organic fertilizer production, etc.

Waste Utilization in the Agricultural SectorIn 2004, analysis of data (received by the Office Agricultural Economics, the Department of Livestock

Development, the Land Development Department, and the Department of Alternative Energy Development

and Efficiency) revealed that top ten waste materials from agricultural activities with the highest utilization

potential were rice, sugarcane, corn, coconut, oil palm, cassava, peanuts, cotton, soy bean, and millet.

These agricultural waste materials totaled 82.23 million tons, which could be utilized approximately

18.60 million tons or 22.62%. From such utilization, it could be separated into the utilization forms of

alternative energy/fuel about 15.74 million tons, animal food, and organic fertilizer about 2.61 million tons

and 0.24 million tons respectively.

Figure 1 : The Amount of Municipal Waste Utilization from 2001 to 2004


2001 2002 2003 2004 Year

Amount of waste utilization in industrial sector

Amount of waste generated in industrial sector

25

20

15

10

5

0

11.3

5.1

11.4

5.5

12.4

5.3

14.6

8.3


Waste Utilization in the Industrial SectorIn 2004, the amount of waste generated by the industrial sector consisted of paper, glass, plastic, ferrous

metal, aluminum, and rubber approximately 14.6 million tons. About 8.3 million tons of them or 57% of all waste

in the industrial sector were utilized or 14% higher than the utilization rate in the previous year. (Figure 3)

Figure 2 : The Amount of Waste Utilization by the Industrial Sector from 2001 to 2004

Waste utilization in the industrial sector mainly involved the exchange of waste between factories and

material, residue by manufacturers, importers, or distributors through waste exchange system, deposit-refund

system, lucky draw through sale agents, and waste buying back from junk shop operators, etc. Waste utilization,

categorized by industry, is descried below (Table 1 and Figure 3) :

1. Paper Industry - About 1.3 million tons or 38% of total waste paper in the country (about 3.4

million tons) were recycled, or 12% higher if compared to that in 2003.

2. Glass Industry - About 1.4 million tons or 64% of total glass waste in the country (about 2.2 million tons)

were recycled and reused, or 15% higher if compared to that in 2003.

3. Plastic Industry - About 0.6 million tons or 21% of total plastic waste in the country (about 2.9

million tons) were recycled, or 5% lower if compared to that in 2003.

4. Iron and Steel Industry - About 4.6 million tons or 90% of total iron and steel waste in the country

(about 5.2 million tons) were recycled, or 9% higher if compared to that in 2003.


5. Aluminum Industry - About 0.33 million tons or 54% of total aluminum waste in the country (about

0.61 million tons) were recycled, or 1% higher if compared to that in 2003.

6. Rubber Industry - About 0.07 million tons or 19% of total rubber waste in the country (about

0.36 million tons) were recycled, or 1% higher if compared to that in 2003.

Table 1 : The Amount of Waste Utilization in the Industrial Sector from 2003 to 2004

Waste in Waste Utilization in

IndustryIndustrial Sector (tons) Industrial Sector

Methods

2003 20042003 2004

Tons % Tons %

Paper 3,997,600 3,352,000 1,053,000 26 1,275,000 38 Recycling

Glass2,009,300 2,202,300 742,500 37 1,173,300 53 Recycling/

246,300 12 249,600 11 Reuse

Plastic 2,841,600 2,889,600 746,600 26 603,500 21 Recycling

Ferrous Metal 2,632,900 5,153,000 2,139,000 81 4,648,800 90 Recycling

Aluminum 575,700 606,000 306,400 53 328,400 54 Recycling

Rubber356,000 361,700 47,500 13 42,000 12 Recycling/

24,400 7 25,600 7 Reuse

Total 12,413,100 14,564,600 5,305,700 43 8,346,200 57

Remark : Data from the Customs Department, The Department of Primary Industries and Mines, The Department of Trade

Negotiations, Board of Investment of Thailand, The Office of Industrial Economics, Thai Federation of Industries,

Thai Plastic Industries Association, Iron and Steel Institute of Thailand, Thai Pulp and Paper Industries Association,

Industrial Finance Corporation of Thailand, Siam Cement Industry Co., Ltd., and Bangkok Glass Co., Ltd.


Paper Glass Plastic Metal Aluminum

Waste utilization

Waste generated

6,000,000

5,000,000

4,000,000

3,000,000

2,000,000

1,000,000

0

Amount (tons)

According to the above data revealing the waste utilization in the industrial sector, it showed that,

in almost all industrial categories, waste utilization rates were higher, except plastic and rubber industries.

Therefore, waste utilization should be greater promoted. Promotion activities should be simultaneously carried

on in various methods such as waste exchange among factories, establishment of more recycling facilities,

and campaigns and public relations, etc.

Figure 3 : Waste Utilization in the Industrial Sector, Year 2004


State of

Hazardous WasteThe Pollution Control Department had a projection that the total amount of hazardous

waste generated in 2004 would like to 1,808 million tons, about 8,000 tons higher than year2003. From this amount of hazardous waste, it could be classified into the industrial hazardouswaste about 1,405 million tons or 5,000 tons higher, and municipal hazardous waste about0.403 million tons or 3,000 tons higher, and this total amount included 0.02 millions tons ofinfectious waste. Most hazardous waste or 59% of all hazardous waste or approximately 1.06million tons was generated in the Bangkok Metropolitan area and vicinity.

Table 1 : Hazardous Waste, Classified by Type and Region

RegionIndustries Municipalities Total

(million tons/year) (million tons/year) %

Bangkok and Vicinity 0.930 0.136 58.96

Central 0.099 0.066 9.13

Eastern 0.117 0.028 8.02

Northeastern 0.048 0.081 7.13

Northern 0.115 0.049 9.07

Southern 0.096 0.043 7.69

Total 1.405 0.403 100

Generally, industrial hazardous waste treatment was taken in the Bangkok Metropolitan area and vicinitymost, but only 50% of total waste was delivered to the treatment, caused by business cost-efficiency. Someentrepreneurs required undertaking the waste treatment by themselves, or some might require collecting agreat amount of waste before eliminating in order to reduce their business costs, etc. Industrial hazardous wastedata, collected from related authorities such as the Department of Industrial Works, the Industrial EstateAuthority of Thailand, etc., indicated that about 0.650 million tons of waste or 25,000 tons, increased fromprevious year, were treated. The Industrial Environmental Technology Bureau, the Department of Industrial Workshas announced the list of licensed facilities for disposal of waste or unusable materials, and convericentlyclassified these facilities into 2 main groups. The former group was categorized into 4 following types pursuantto treatment methods :

1. Disposal of waste by cement kiln (7 facilities)2. Disposal of non-hazardous waste by incinerators (4 facilities)3. Disposal of both hazardous and non-hazardous waste by landfill (3 facilities)4. Disposal of non-hazardous waste by landfill (3 facilities)

The total 17 treatment facilities were listed as licensed treatment facilities for the disposal of waste orunusable materials, and, in the latter group, another 49 facilities were announced as separation and recyclingfacilities. Facilities in compliance with this announcement could operate their businesses when they have filledan application for operation.


Table 2 : Industrial Hazardous Waste, Delivered to Hazardous Waste Treatment Facilities by Ways of Incinerator, Treatment, Stabilization, and Landfill in 2004

Hazardous Waste Treatment Facilities by Ways of Incinerator,Amount (tons) Percentage

Treatment, Stabilization, and Landfill

General Environmental Conservation Public Co., Ltd. (GENCO),68,000 *

treating all kinds of hazardous waste

General Environmental Conservation Public Co., Ltd. (GENCO),75,000 *

22.00

treating all kinds of inorganic hazardous waste

Cement kilns (7), incinerating hazardous waste that can be used457,000 71.30

as fuel or alternative raw materials

Separating and Recycling Waste Facilities 50,000 7.70

Total 640,000 100

Source : Survey by The Pollution Control Department to the treatment facilities from DIW announcement

* Number gained by estimation

In part of community-generated hazardous waste, most has been improperly treated since it waseradicated together with the general waste. In 2004, activities to reduce the hazardous waste pollutiongenerated by both communities and industries have been taken. For example, the Pollution Control Departmentin cooperation with relevant agencies have prepared the strategic framework for the management of wastefrom electrical and electronic equipment, and it also cooperated with private companies for the receipt ofreturned battery and mobile phone waste. Currently, a plenty of electrical and electronic equipment that arepurchased or imported from other countries are made from under-standard or used equipment (second-handproducts) that favor the general people due to their cheap prices. Anyway, they may give the long-run impactto the environment when they come to the end of ages because these products are normally used for someperiods and their workable span remains slim. However, the rapid development of technology pushes theseproducts to have lower capacities than newly-braned products in this present time. Consumers who alwaysdesire the most recent products will certainly throw away these second-hand ones, which may be mixed withother general waste or wiped out by other disposal methods. Certainly, improper management will makechemicals and heavy metals filled in these appliances discharged to the environment.

Regarding the infectious waste, it was treated by public health stations by ways of incinerators equippedthere. Other infectious waste would be collected and eradicated by local administrations by means ofinfectious incinerators, belonged to local administrations, established at 10 locations in 9 provinces around thecountry (namely Bangkok, Nonthaburi, Samut Sakhon, Suphan Buri, Chiang Mai, Khon Khen, Songkhla, Phuket,and Chonburi). The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in collaboration with the Ministry of PublicHealth Affairs have prepared the national waste disposal plan and an action plan in which the managementof infectious waste was included to solve problems of infectious waste in the long run. Under the managementof infectious waste, areas all over the country would be divided into 21 groups, and local administrations in 9provinces with existing management of infectious waste would be established as the management centralareas where would be given more service areas, and their management efficiency had to be improved forachieving the highest capacities of the particular management system. For other areas, they would be at least11 management area groups; local administrations would provide the waste separation and collection systemand the disposal of infectious waste, which had to be separated from other general waste by taking emphasison using the same waste disposal locations and encouraging the private sector to have an investment andoperation in this matter.


Management Strategy for Waste from

Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) composed valuable compoundsthat can be separated and reused such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and other hazardouschemicals such as arsenic, which probably affect general peopleûs health and the environmentalquality. Consequently, the Ministry of Industry issued a notification regarding the list of hazardoussubstances B.E. 2546. Under this notification, the waste from electrical and electronic equipmentwas notified as Class-3 hazardous substances. Nevertheless, the proper separation andcollection system for WEEE has not yet been established in Thailand; thereby, the WEEEgenerated in the country could not be gathered. As a result, the private sector was discouragedin the operation of waste separation and recycling facilities (Facility No. 105 and 106).Moreover, Thailandûs existing laws have not supported the management of WEEE while therewere also other difficulties such as a shortage of investment fund for the construction andoperation system, a shortage of skillful personnel, and a lack of proper locations for theestablishment of management and technology centers, etc. Hence, the management of wastefrom electrical and electronic equipment still stands as a core problem.

The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment by the Pollution Control Department cooperating with

the Ministry of Industry (by the Office of Industrial Economics, the Office of Industrial Standard, and the

Department of Industrial Works) have prepared Thailandûs Management Strategy for Waste from Electrical and

Electronic Equipment and an Action Plan. For the preparation of this strategy, all related governmental

agencies had innovative meetings in order that this strategy would enhance measuring and working direction

in consistence of duties and actual performance of related entities.

The main objective of the specifically-tailored management strategy for waste from electrical and

electronic equipment was to manage WEEE from the start to the end under correctly academic basis and

integrated system upon the following principles, detailed below :

Polluter Pays Principle - Electrical and electronic manufacturers and importers had to be involved with

responsibility for the management of WEEE by paying for special chargesû further buying back WEEE from

consumers and managing the WEEE up to the academic basis.

Establishment of Economic and Financial Mechanism including marketing mechanism as the motivation

or stimulation for the management of WEEE by setting up a fundable system to buy back WEEE from consumers.

This action would lead to the separation and collection of WEEE from other general waste, promotion of

separating the WEEE correctly, and sales of valuable waste to recycling facilities or facilities requiring the reused

waste or treatment/disposal pursuant to correct academic basis.


Establishment of Fund Management that was furnished an independence of fund management,

consisting of the Fund Office established as a juristic person and a Stateûs agency, but not the governmental

agency or the state enterprise. The Fund Management Manager should contain knowledge and abilities for

the management of fund on a full-time basis. The Fund Management Board should have duty and authority to

set up policies about the management of fund, and to control and supervise the management and

fundable expenditures for managing the waste of electrical and electronic equipment. Mechanism/monitoring

procedures and performance evaluation of this Fund would be also set up.

Issuance of Laws to support the management of WEEE by the enactment of the Act on the Promotion

for the Management of Used Hazardous Waste. This Act shall cover issues regarding the collection of product

charges, financial management to support the management of WEEE by setting up a specific fund,

establishment of the Fund Office, Management Board, and Fund Manager with independence in the

operation and management of fund businesses, establishment of waste purchase system and waste

management based on the economics measures through the Fund, and setting up roles and duties of

management administrations in both national and local levels.

Other Supporting Measures such as issuance of measures and penalties to prohibit the general people to

throw away the WEEE in public places, control and supervision of waste recycling and treatment/disposal

facilities, studies, researches, and designs of ecological products, campaigns, public relations, etc.

The action plan under the innovative management strategy for waste from electrical and electronic

equipment consisted of 3 main working plans as described below:

1) Working plan for the establishment of financial mechanism and management system of waste

from electrical and electronic equipment consisted of 2 main projects : çA Project on Systematizing the

Management of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipmenté and çThe Enactment of the Act on Promotion

for the Management of Hazardous Waste from Used Productsé.

2) Working plan for the development of electrical and electronic equipment industry to manufacture

products that were friendly to the environment. This working plan consisted of 2 main projects : çA Propelling

Project for Clean Products and Preparation for Readiness of SMEs in Electrical and Electronic Industry Imported

to EU through Green Campé and çA Project on Eco-design Contest for Electrical and Electronic Equipmenté.

3) Working plan for awareness and market stimulus consisted of 2 main projects : çA Campaign about

Toxicity/Danger of Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Its Recycle/Reuseé and çA Project on the Purchase

of Electrical and Electronic Equipment Friendly to the Environmenté.

To enhance working performance taken by related units, the Pollution Control Department will further

propose the management strategy for the waste of electrical and electronic equipment and the actions plan

to the National Environment Board and the Cabinet for their approvals and to be given policies for actions

performed as per such innovative strategy.


Unlawful Landfill ofHazardous Wasteat Tambon Khlang Dong Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province

On 9 September 2004, unlawful landfill of industrial hazardous waste occurred whena group of persons illegally accessed to the area next to the facility owned by AsokeChemical Co., Ltd. whose land title number was 4627, located at Moo 1, Tambon KhlangDong, Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. This plot of land was previouslypossessed by Mr. Nopporn Suebsiri, and it was later transferred to his son, Mr. Pisit Suebsiri.Formerly, General Environmental Conservation Public Co., Ltd. (GENCO) leased this landfrom Mr. Nopporn, but no legal-signed contract was made between both parties. This areahas been used to store industrial hazardous waste before being delivered to the lime incineratorowned by Asoke Chemical Co., Ltd. In the incident, a backhoe was crushing and rolling200-liter metal tanks, containing mixed chemical waste and filled into a newly dug pond inthat area. This action was taken without any proper measure to prevent soil contaminationwhile some chemical waste was absorbed onto the ground, causing bad smells of chemicalsspreading nearby. The hazardous waste found in the event was some used lubricant, waste ofpaint, used organic dissoluble substances, residue waste from the wastewater treatment system,asphalt, and other material, contaminated by chemicals, etc.

The Pollution Control Department, the Department of Groundwater Resources, the Department of

Underground Resources, the Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, the Regional Environment Office 11,

the Department of Industrial Works, and Nakhon Ratchasima Province have investigated facts and monitored

problems, analyse the impact of the environment, and periodically submitted progress reports, describing their

performance to the Cabinet. Actions undertaken and performance could be summarized below.

The Cabinet assigned related governmental agencies to take the following actions :1. The Ministry of Industry

ë To collect all hazardous waste as well as contaminated soil in such area, and urgently eradicate

them under proper disposal or destruction methods.

ë To investigate and find out responsible person (s) for this incident, and to take other actions in

compliance with related rules, regulations, and laws.

ë To prohibit the test of industrial hazardous waste disposal in the incinerator or destruction by other

methods, except the exact term of disposal, and the amount of hazardous waste to be tested for disposal

method(s) would be set up properly and clearly.

ë To set up both the inventory system and manifest tracking system for industrial hazardous waste in

order to learn the generation, storage, removal, and disposal, of hazardous waste to prevent illegal dumping

and improper/illegal disposal means. These systems had to be updated conveniently to ease the control and

tracking of such waste.

ë To issue rules and regulations concerning the document system for more strict control of industrial

hazardous waste.


2. The Assignment of Nakhon Ratchasima Province to extend the investigation results to get the assigner

and payer, as well as a group of related persons to illegally undertake that action for further taking legal

actions against them.

3. The Assignment of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to follow up and examine the

contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water in surrounding areas as the observation of impact to the

environment and the public.

Hazardous Waste RemovalGeneral Environmental Conservation Public Co., Ltd. or GENCO moved out all hazardous waste from the

aforesaid area. The hazardous waste consisted of 8,786 waste tanks; both empty and full tanks contained

hazardous waste, contaminated water approximately 356.5 cubic meters, soil around 668.44 cubic meters and

5 mud containers, All of these were delivered to GENCOûs waste disposal facility center located at Rayong

Province. Moreover, the surface of contaminated soil in the area of 0 - 2 meters depth, or about 5,920 tons of

contaminated soil was technically stabilized and landfilled at GENCOûs waste disposal center facility.

Before Removal After Removal After Land Leveling

Monitoring Impacts to Environmental Quality after Hazardous Waste Removal1. The Department of Environmental Quality Promotion joined hands with the Regional Environment

Office 11 and the Pollution Control Department to monitor Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in

contaminated soil in the area of 1-meter depth, covering 220 x 140 sq.m., and VOCs were found widerspread

in the area of 20,400 sq.m.

2. The Regional Environment Office 11 and the Pollution Control Department have continuously

observed this problem by collecting some water sample from artesian wells in communities located around the

incident. It was found that most quality of water remained in the normal condition without any contamination

in groundwater resources.

3. The Pollution Control Department has examined the ground contamination in the area between 1,

1.5 and 2 meters depth, including groundwater resources. After GENCO sliced off the contaminated

ground surface for further disposal, the Company found VOCs (such as Benzene Trichloro Ethylene, and

1,1,2 - Trichloroethane), which exceeded the standard limits at some points. According to the monitoring in

3 observed ponds, newly dug, by the Department of Groundwater Resources around the incident as

observed ponds was found that the amount of VOCs in the water (such as Benzene Trichloro Ethylene, and

1,1,2 - Trichloroethane) exceeded the standard value.


4. The Department of Underground Resources had a land survey by means of geological physics around

the area used for the illegal landfill of hazardous waste. The survey revealed that there was a sliding trace

passing the hazardous waste landfill to the Northwest, crossed the Mitrapap Road at Km. 153. Whereas the

flowing channel of groundwater related with such slicing trace, the characteristics of groundwater levels, found

around the surveyed field from the depth levels at 10 meters to 120 meters, would depend on such slicing

trace.

Finding out Offenders and Responsible PersonsThe Provincial Police Station, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, which was responsible for this case, reported

that 3 alleged offenders surrendered themselves to the police : an owner of backhoe and 2 backhoe drivers.

In addition, the police seized two backhoes used for the waste landfill as the evidence to be enclosed in the

file of the inquiry, and interrogated those persons as the evidence to be enclosed in the file of the inquiry.

The police also issued a warrant of arrest Mr. Dam or Mr. Samrit Yod-In, the alleged offender who was the

assigner and payer, and informed suspended persons expected to deal with this illegal action of the allegation.

Future ActionsThe Pollution Control Department in cooperation with the Regional Environment Office 11, the

Department of Groundwater Resources, and the Department of Underground Resources will have an area

survey in the incident and thoroughly examine the spread of VOCs in the groundwater. Additionally, 10

observed underground ponds will be dug, and both the contamination in underground sources in those

observed ponds and the general peopleûs artesian wells will be periodically monitored.


STATE OF HARZARDOUS CHEMICALS

Help taking care always.Help forming clean cities.

Help creating Thailand attraction.With love and non-toxic heart.


Hazardous Chemicals


30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Production Amount

Import Amount

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year

The statistic data (recorded by the Customs Department regarding the import of organicand inorganic hazardous chemicals in 2004) and the total production amount (registered withthe Department of Industrial Works and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand in Number42 (1) (2) categorized by industries operating chemical products, chemical substances,or hazardous materials) revealed that about 4.81 million tons of hazardous chemicals havebeen imported while 24.68 million tons have been produced locally. The total amount ofimported and locally produced hazardous chemicals was 29.49 million tons, increase of9.63% if compared to the year 2003 (Table 1 and Figure 1).

Table 1 : The Amount of Imported and Produced Hazardous Chemicals in Thailand from 1995 to 2004

Unit : million tons

Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Import amount* 3.23 3.40 3.22 3.11 3.37 3.54 4.59 5.38 4.60 4.81

Production amount** 6.61 8.89 9.70 9.80 9.87 14.23 24.74 28.00 22.30 24.68

Total 9.84 12.29 12.92 12.91 13.24 17.77 29.33 33.38 26.90 29.49

Remark : * Import data from The Customs Department

** Production amount refers to the highest production capacity registered with the Department of Industrial Works

and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand

Figure 1 : The Trends of Imported and Produced Hazardous Chemicals in Thailand from 1995 to 2004


Number (person)

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

Toxicity by agriculturalhazardous chemicals

Toxicity by industrialhazardous chemicals

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year

Health Impacts from Exposure to Hazardous ChemicalsHazardous chemicals utilized in various activities evidently gave the impact to the public health, workers

in factories, as well as farmers. The report prepared by the Department of Disease Control, the Ministry of Public

Health Affairs indicated that, in 2004, there were totally 2,717 patients due to hazardous chemical exposure,

which were categorized into 853 patients due to industrial hazardous chemicals, and the other 1,864 patients

due to herbicides and pesticides. In addition, there were 10 dead persons : 1 due to toxicity of industrial

hazardous chemicals and the other 9 due to toxicity of herbicides and pesticides.

Toxicity from Industrial Hazardous ChemicalsThe statistic data of the number of illness and death cases, collected by the Department of Disease

Control, the Ministry of Public Health Affairs revealed that, in 2004, there were 854 patients and deal persons

due to industrial hazardous chemicals: 853 patients and 1 dead person (Table 2 and Figure 2), which was

5 times higher than the total number recorded in 2003. The reasons might be because of the contamination

of cadmium in the environment and agricultural crops, especially at Huay Mae Tao wastershed, Mae Sod

District, Tak Province, and the continual expansion of industry sector.

Table 2 : A Number of Patients and Death due to Hazardous Chemical Exposure between 1995 - 2004Unit : person

Hazardous Chemicals Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004Agricultural Hazardous Illness 3,398 3,175 2,844 4,305 4,171 3,109 2,653 2,571 2,342 1,864

Chemicals Death 21 32 29 18 33 21 15 11 9 9

Industrial Hazardous Illness 162 201 211 287 365 1,177 280 180 157 853

Chemicals Death 2 - 1 1 1 4 - - - 1

TotalIllness 3,560 3,376 3,055 4,592 4,536 4,286 2,933 2,751 2,499 2,717Death 23 32 30 19 34 25 15 11 9 10

Source : The Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Affairs

Figure 2 : The Number of Patients and Death due to Hazardous Chemical Exposure between 1995 - 2004


South : 85 persons (10%) Northeast : 118 persons (14%)

East : 47 persons (6%)

North : 560 persons (65%)

Central : 43 persons (5%)

Hazardous chemicals affected to humanûs health proportionally, 131 patients from petro substances 118

patients from toxic gases and vapors, 556 patients from heavy metals (in groups of manganese, mercury,

arsenic, and cadmium), and 48 patients from lead. One dead person was caused by the toxicity of petro

substances. The North region had the highest number of patients; the second highest number of patients were

Northeastern, Southern, Eastern, and Central regions respectively. (Figure 3)

Figure 3 : Statistic Data of Patients Exposed to Industrial Hazardous Chemicals in 2004

Source : The Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Affairs


South : 47 persons (3%)

Northeast : 642 persons (34%)

East : 88 persons (5%)

North : 892 persons (48%)

Central : 195 persons (10%)

Toxicity from Agricultural Hazardous ChemicalsThe statistic data of the number of illness and death cases due to the toxicity of agricultural hazardous

chemicals, collected by the Department of Disease Control, the Ministry of Public Health Affairs, revealed that,

in 2004, there were 1,873 patients and deal persons : 1,864 patients and 9 dead persons, 20% lower than the

rate in 2003. Most patients were found in the Northern region, and the second rank were found in the

Northeastern, Central, Eastern, and Southern regions respectively (Figure 4). Top ten provinces with the highest

number of patients were Nakhon Ratchasima (159 cases), Nakhon Sawan (146 cases), Kamphaeng Phet

(110 cases), Phetchabun (108 cases), Phichit (104 cases), Si Sa Ket (94 cases), Phitsanulok (90 cases),

Udon Thani (90 cases), Sukhothai (76 cases), and Uthai Thani (73 cases) proportionally (Table 2).

Figure 4 : Statistic Data of Patients Exposed to Agricultural Hazardous Chemicals in 2004

Source : Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health

Throughout the year 2004, relevant agencies have taken actions to reduce the impact of agricultural

hazardous chemicals. For example, the Department of Agricultural Extension has promoted and developed

organic agricultural and non-toxic products, the management of quality and standard of agricultural products,

pest bio-control, and integrated pest management (IPM) under the process of farmersû school.


Hazardous ChemicalAccidents

Hazardous ChemicalTransportation 21%

Hazardous chemical accidents are severe and have the huge impact to peopleûs livesand properties, including the environment. Although both government and private sectors haveissued preventive measures and the preparation to tackle accidents, caused by hazardouschemicals. The statistic data, collected by the Pollution Control Department pursuant to thegeneral peopleûs complaints to the Department and other governmental agencies, revealedthat, in 2004, 24 hazardous chemical accidents occurred (excluding 4 cases of illegal wasteor hazardous chemical dumping and 1 case of naturally rising gas), which could be categorizedas 5 accidents from the transportation of hazardous chemicals, 13 accidents from industrialfactories, and 6 accidents from hazardous chemical storage (Figure 1). Those accidentsresulted to 140 injured persons and 27 dead persons with the damage costs at 200 millionBaht (the overall amount, in some cases, the damage costs were not assessed).

Figure 1 : Hazardous Chemical Accidents of Various Locations in 2004

Source : The Pollution Control Department, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Most accidents came from unawareness of facts, carelessness and negligence and unawareness of

toxicity caused by hazardous chemicals. However, handling accidents occurred last year proved that solutions

by local rescue crews were done rapidly with efficiency coordination and incidents were halted correctly

pursuant to academic principles. In part of the Pollution Control Department, it has continuously taken actions

to strengthen the potential of local agencies starting from preparing the chemical emergency action plan for

the provincial level, and encouraging the establishment of provincial accident facing units to rescue and

weaken the pollution due to hazardous chemicals by providing proper devices and equipment for related

operations by agencies under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The organization had arrarged

training courses to offer related personnel knowledge and skill for correctly and safely handling emergency

accidents due to hazardous chemicals, so that these agencies became the network enabling to support local

units to handle hazardous chemical accidents.

Hazardous Chemical Storage 25%

Industrial Factories 54%


A truck loading nitric acid was capsized on

Bang Na - Trad Street, Km. 1, inward bound, Khwaeng/

Khet Bang Na, Bangkok on 24 February 2004. This

made nitric acid in the tank flowing to the road,

generated toxic smoke spread out, which resulted to

the irritation of the respiratory system. The cause of

this accident was the truck driver changed the

driving lane suddenly, so the truck lost its balance

and overturned. The Pollution Control Department in

cooperation with the Police Fire Station, Bang Na

Unit, and other related agencies salvaged that

chemical leak from the street by scattering sand and

lime to cover the road face to restrain the acid vapor

and to stabilize the chemical to the neutral condition

before spurting some water to cleanse that area.

A fire broke out on a huge pile of electronic

circuit boards, kept in an industrial waste treatment

facility, Asoke Chemical Co., Ltd., Tambon Khlang Dong,

Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province

on 21 July 2004. The fire formed the black smoke

and toxic vapor while 1 person was injured from

breathing poisonous smoke in. To halt the accident

and solve this problem, related agencies (such as the

Regional Environment Office 11, Nakhon Ratchasima

in cooperation with the Office of Natural Ressources

and Environment, Nakhon Ratchasima Province,

the Office of Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima Province,

the Provincial Police station of Tambon Pak Chong)

rushed to pull down the fire and investigated the

incident. The Office of Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima

Province gave an instruction to the Company to cease

its business operation for 90 days (upon 21 July 2004)

and to remedy the area used to keep those

electronic circuit boards to prevent another fire.

However, on 13 August 2004, there was an explosion

and a fire on a big fuel oil tank (20 meters in diameter

and 15 meters high) placed in this factory. This event

caused the death of 3 persons and serious injury of

1 person with the damage cost at 10 million Baht.


Solutions of Chemical UsesIn Orange Farms at Chaiprakarn District,Fang District, Mae Ai District, Chiang Mai Province

The Cabinet passed its resolution in the Cabinetûs meeting held on 9 September 2003assigning the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture andCooperatives, and the Ministry of Public Health Affairs to have a joint solution for chemicaluses in orange farms at Mae Ai District, Chiang Mai Province. In addition, on 23 September2003, the Cabinet had another resolution notifying orange farms located in 3 districts :Chaiprakarn, Fang, and Mae Ai in Chiang Mai Province became environmental protectionareas in accordance with the Enhancement and Conservation of National EnvironmentalQuality Act, B.E. 2535 because those districts are located in the headwater areas and mostof them are located in the conservation areas where their ecological systems are so delicate;consequently, it seems appropriate to control the chemical uses in orange farms located there.

The Chiang Mai Province appointed a

committee to solve problems in relation to operating

orange farms in Chaiprakarn District, Fang District,

and Mae Ai District to remedy the trouble of people

living in those 3 districts. The Province also appointed

6 working teams to find out solutions resulted from

the operation of orange farms in various aspects :

1) a working team for the examination of health and

environmental impact from the operation of orange

farms to further announce that the operation of

orange farms can harm the public health; 2) a working

team for the announcement of environmental

protection areas; 3) a working team to accelerate

the verification of rights in land and to take legal

actions against persons breaking laws; 4) a working

team for regulating uses of land in high-level areas

or conservative areas; 5) a working team for solutions

of alien labors; and 6) a working team for the

examination of economic, social, cultural, and ways

of life impact.


A working team for the announcement of

environmental protection areas in Fang watershed

(comprising of representatives of the Ministry of

Natural Resources and Environment such as the

Regional Environment Office 1, Chiang Mai Province,

the Pollution Control Department, the Office of Policy

and Planning for Natural Resources and Environment,

other related agencies including orange farm

entrepreneurs and the general people affected

by this business) had monitored the residue of

herbicides and pesticides in the environment. By the

way, it was found that no herbicide and pesticide

residue exceeded the standard limits. In addition,

the working team has prepared a plan for the

management of environmental quality in Fang

watershed set as the framework for the period of

2005 - 2009. This plan consisted of 4 main strategies :

management strategy, strategy for the observation and

protection of environmental quality in Fang watershed,

research strategy, and strategy for the prevention and

reduction of impact caused by agricultural activities.

A meeting for the public hearing from related

agencies and general public was held on 27

September 2004 at Fang District, Chiang Mai Province.

Moreover, the working team has prepared the draft

of environmental protection measures for areas in

Chaiprakarn District, Fang District, and Mae Ai

District. The Office of Policy and Planning for Natural

Resources and Environment, as the secretariat of the

Sub-Committee for the Environmental Management

in Environmental Protection Areas under the National

Environment Board, took the environmental protection

measures prepared by the working team to be

further improved for the draft notification of the

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.


Cadmium Contaminationin the Watershed of Mae Tao, Mae Sod District, Tak Province

The report of cadmium contamination to soil and agricultural crops at Huay Mae Tao,

Mae Sod District, Tak Province, examined by the International Water Management Institute

(IWMI) and the Department of Agriculture (DOA) under IWMI-DOA Collaborative Project

1998 - 2003, advised that cadmium contamination in the sample environment was in the high

level. This report was submitted to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to find

out solutions.

General Area Condition General Area Condition

The Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment, hence, had an order for theappointment of a specific working team toinvestigate and enhance solutions of cadmiumcontamination at Mae Sod District, Tak Province on 6January 2004 for which the Permanent Secretary tothe Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmenttook the chairman while other related agencies weremembers in the working team to examine and findout solutions for cadmium contamination at TambonPhra That Pha Daeng, where was expected toreceive some effects. The investigation disclosedthat the quality of groundwater, surface water, andaquatic animals remained safe for consumption.However, silt along Huay Mae Tao had the cadmiumcontamination higher than standard limits (except atthe waterhead); its highest value exceeded thestandard of Canada for 100 times. For agricultural

areas utilizing some water from Huay Mae Tao forplanting, cadmium contamination was over thestandard limits; the distribution of cadmium in theseagricultural areas were strong at the point closeto the water receiving body from the local watertransmitting ditch (Lam Muang), and the distributionbecame weaker by the distance. According to theprimary expectation, the scope of contamination andcontrol of planting in Huay Mae Tao and Huay MaeKu covered 8,000 rai. Besides, for rice in plantingareas (products in 2003), there was some ricecontaining so little cadmium that this substancecould not be found in some rice with 5 milligrams ofcadmium per 1 kilo of rice. Anyway, the consumptionstandard criteria of Codex Committee on FoodAddictives and Contaminants determines that theamount of cadmium must not be higher than 0.2milligram per 1 kilo of rice.


Also, there was an investigation of cadmium for 9,000 people living in Tambon Phra That Pha Daeng,Mae Tao, and Mae Ku located at Huay Mae Tao and Huay Mae Ku watersheds. The health check-up disclosedthat 11.2% of people, who were examined and advised the analysis results, had quite high level of cadmium withthe potentially chronic toxic conditions in their kidneys while 2.7% of them had a high level of cadmium with thegreatest potentially chronic toxic conditions in their kidneys.

Areas Showing Primary Contamination

manufacturing factory located at Saraburi Provinceby March 2005. The Tak Province also destroyed newgrowing rice stalks expected to give cadmium-contaminated rice, and farmers got the compensationfor their destroyed products. Additionally, the TakProvince has promoted the feeding of free-cadmiumanimals, tested the impact of cadmium absorbingto rice, provided assistance to the general peoplewhose mind and health have been affected, andinformed the general people of its performance. In themeantime, the Department of Land Developmentconducted a study regarding the reduction ofcadmium contamination to rice seeds, and developeda mathematic model that would be utilized to find outthe scope and extent of cadmium contaminationspreading to farmersû agricultural areas. This researchwould be broadened to be directions or measures ofcadmium elimination/recovery in soil until it was safeenough for planting rice or other economic crops. Thisstudy was expected to be complete by the plantingseason in 2005.

The problem investigation, as described above,revealed that the general people have beenconfronting risks of health and quality of life. Therefore,Deputy Prime Minister (Mr. Jaturon Chaisaeng) had ameeting and discussion with relevant entities for thepreparation of impact solutions, resulted by thecadmium contamination at Mae Tao watershed. Theshort-term solutions consisted of 5 main activities : planof handling contaminated rice, plan of examining andhandling newly produced rice, plan of notifyingplanting control areas and career development, planof observing the general publicûs health, andpublic relation plan. These five activities needed Baht92,135,600, which was approved by the Cabinet onTuesday, 5 October 2004, and Tak Province wasappointed as the core unit to perform these actions.

The Tak Province purchased from rice farmers inTambon Mae Tao and Tambon Phra That Pha Daengthe paddy contaminated by cadmium, in theproduction season for the year 2003/2004, which wasfurther stored before being wiped out at a cement


POLLUTION MANAGEMENT

With pollution management.With awareness and joint dreams.

With all hearts Throughout Thailand.For clean and wonderful world staying with us, together.


Management Directions of

Water PollutionSpoiling water in various water resources, day by day, becomes a critical problem of the

country. Though great attempts have been thrown to solve it, it has not yet achieved the setgoals. Pursuant to the monitoring of main water resources, all over the country including rivers,canals, and marine coasts, 25% of all monitored water resources, were deteriorated and highlydeteriorated since the water quality dropped below the required standard, obstructed the generalpeople to utilize water resources. A major reason of this crisis was the discharge of pollutedwater from houses, factories, industrial spots, and agricultural areas. Only municipal areas,caused by 5 million cubic meters of polluted water whereas wastewater treatment capacities bythe overall wastewater treatment system, which were completely constructed, were only 30%.

In order to return natural water resources to thepublic, that is, main rivers will achieve higher quality, andthe general people enable to properly utilize thosewater resources as per their potential. Rivers will not betainted or have bad smells, no rubbish floating in them,and aquatic animals are able to live there. Actions toenhance goals stated above must comprise :

1. The Ministry of Interior must set up its policy thatall local administrations issue local legislation to regularizehouses and buildings to install the grease tank and/orsmall wastewater treatment system to primarily reduce theamount of dirt before emitting it to drainpipes or naturalwater resources.

2. Budgets must be allocated to recover andimprove completely constructed wastewater treatmentsystems of municipalities to operate with their fullcapacities while more treatment systems are constructedin other areas facing the water pollution. The disposalof polluted water must not be less than 50% of totalpolluted water, generated by communities in year 2009.Moreover, local administrations shall have the duty andauthority to charge for their wastewater treatment servicesprovided for areas acquiring main wastewater treatmentsystems.

3. Cleaner production must be promoted in theagricultural sector, industrial sector, and service sector incommunities in order to reduce the amount of pollutedwater and pollution at the originating pollution sources.

4. Proper economic tools are used to persuadelocal people to change their behavior towards theenvironmental conservation as listed below :

4.1 Applying mechanism of the EnvironmentalFund to support the installation of the grease tank and/orwastewater treatment system, and setting up the projectto purchase the above products in cheap prices orinstallation payments without interest charges.

4.2 Offering discounts of tap water costsand/or artesian well costs for the general people who areable to reduce their consumption rates to encourage theirawareness of using the water cost-effectively and toreduce the polluted water amount.

4.3 Instructing the Stateûs financial institutionsto specify business entrepreneurs or borrowers thatevery entrepreneur or borrower must submit detailsabout resolving environmental problems by its businessesto be enclosed for granting credits and benefits toentrepreneurs.

5. Implementing social measures along with theenforcement of laws and rules/regulations to boost theefficiency of environmental observation and to tackle thepollution by its originating sources. Local administrationsand entrepreneurs, that ignore the environment or causethe environmental impact, must be reported anddisclosed to the public, but any local administrations andentrepreneurs with strong environmental management orprevention the impact to the environment must be alsodisclosed.

6. Combining the Provincial Waterworks Authority,and the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority to the Ministryof Natural Resources and Environment in order to uniteseveral agencies responsible for tap water production andwastewater treatment to be only one unit (Water andSewage Authority or WASA).


Management Directions of Waste and

Hazardous Chemical WasteWaste problems rising in many places have likely been increasing every year whereas

services in relation to solid waste collection and disposal have not yet been provided efficientlyand thoroughly. Presently, the correct waste treatment system is installed in 106 municipalities;as a result, cities or municipalities enable to remove 42% of the total waste generated. Theremaining waste is still dumped on the ground or burned in open areas. Besides, hazardouswaste from communities is still thrown and mixed with other solid waste. This problem partlycomes from the limitation of investment by the government and private sectors for wastedisposal by the way of integrated technological methods, inexactness of joint investmentbetween the governmental and private sector. As well as a lack of the fee collection system forwaste disposal, there is the efficient and reflects actual operation costs, or it is not up toçPolluter Pays Principle (PPP)é, which, subsequently, affects the limited operation budgets.

To remedy waste problems identified above, management directions/guidelines of waste disposal in the

future must be consistent with çPolluter Pays Principleé. The focus must be placed on recycling potential wasteas much as possibly and reducing the amount of solid waste to be treated or disposed as least as possible.The efficient waste treatment system (including hazardous waste from communities and infectious waste) must

be provided while the private sectorûs joint investment for waste disposal under correct academic principles

must be emphasized. Major methods/operation guidelines are as follows :

ë Solid waste, in every community, must be separated and recycled, and the general people

are encouraged to use products partially produced from recycled materials and materials friendly to

the environment. The government entities and Stateûs units must act as the sample units, regarding waste

separation and recycle and using products made from recycled materials and materials friendly to the

environment.

ë Encourage each province to furnish solid waste disposal sites to handle the solid waste in the long run.

ë Local administrations that burden a huge amount of waste over 100 tons a day must boost the

efficiency of the existing waste disposal system to carry on some waste delivered from neighboring local

administrations. In addition, these administrations must employ integrated technologies of waste disposal by

focusing on the transformation of waste to be the energy or other usable forms. The investment by the private

sector must be promoted for the system construction and operation. However, the Government will subsidize

only budgets for the system operation to be paid to the private sector in form of regressive budgets.


ë Local administrations that burden the amount of waste less than 100 tons a day should use waste

treatment and disposal system belonged to major local administrations located nearby or these small local

administrations may form groups to mutually use the waste treatment and disposal system under integrated

disposal technologies while the Government will subsidize them some investment budgets.

ë Local administrations must provide the separation, collection, and disposal system for hazardous waste

generated by communities. This kind of waste must be separated from general solid waste. Places to gather

hazardous waste must be first built up before taking it to existing hazardous waste disposal facilities owned by

private companies. The government will support the budgets for the construction of waste gathering locations

and pay the disposal expenses to private companies in form of regressive budgets.

ë Local administrations must hasten to issue local legislations concerning the disposal of infectious

waste generated by many originating sources such as hospitals, public health stations, clinics, etc., and

arrange to separate, collect, and dispose the infectious waste from general waste by focusing on jointly using

waste disposal facilities and encouraging private companies to have an investment and operation.

ë The State provides credit sources from the Stateûs funds granting credits with low interesting rates to

local administrations and the private sector for the construction of waste treatment and disposal system.

ë The Ministry of Finance grants tax privileges to entrepreneurs that apply used materials to be raw

materials in their production to reduce production costs, which will be competitive to natural raw materials; for

example, decrease tax rates, the special exemption of customs duty for used materials coming from the

production, the combination and composition by industrial enterprises granted privileges in accordance with

laws on the investment promotion.

ë To set up the permitting system for waste disposal operators, and systematically and regularly

monitoring waste disposal facilities.

ë Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand/Metropolitan Electricity Authority/Provincial Electricity

Authority agree to purchase the electricity generated by waste disposal facilities in higher purchase prices

than other power plants. In addition, government entities should support the utilization of organic fertilizer made

from solid waste.

ë To disclose the information about the management of waste, hazardous waste generated by

communities, and infectious waste of all local administrations to the public.

ë To give awards and honorable certificates to local administrations that are able to operate efficient

waste disposal, hazardous waste from communities, and infectious waste.


Complaints about Pollution Problems and

Public ProtestData on environmental problems, as surveyed by responsible authorities such as the

Pollution Control Department, the Department of Industrial Works, the Bangkok MetropolitanAuthority, the Public Service Center under Office of the Prime Minister, and the Public ServiceCenter under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (the same complaints mightbe simultaneously sent to related authorities listed above, and each unit would take actionspursuant to its relevant duty and authority), revealed that pollution problems mostly complainedwere air and noise, water, and waste respectively. (Table 1 and Figure 1)

Table 1 : Statistic Data of Pollution Complaints, Classified by Pollution Type in 2004

Number of Pollution Problems (Number)

Governmental Agency Complaints Bad Dust/Noise

WasteWaste Others

(cases) Odor Smoke Water

1. Bangkok Metropolitan Authority 5,171 1,408 330 1,800 285 104 1,799

2. Department of Industrial Works 2,920 967 1,117 664 729 0 319

3. Department of Pollution Control 853 550 379 179 218 68 39

4. Public Service Center,

Ministry of Natural Resources 178 88 67 24 51 9 6

and Environment

Total 9,122 3,013 1,893 2,667 1,283 181 2,163

5. Public Service Center,- 223 173 148 0

Office of Prime Minister

Total 7,796 1,456 329 2,163

Remark : - refers to no data.

Number refers to the number of pollution problems, recorded by every complaint.

Case refers to the number of cases by which a case shall be counted when the whole procedures are

completely taken.

Source : 1) Bangkok Metropolitan Authority, April 2005

2) The Department of Industrial Works, January 2005

3) The Pollution Control Department, January 2005

4) Public Service Center, Office of Prime Minister, January 2005

5) Public Service Center, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, January 2005


Figure 1 : Ratios of Pollution Complaints in 2004

Source : 1) Bangkok Metropolitan Authority, April 2005

2) The Department of Industrial Works, January 2005

3) The Pollution Control Department, January 2005

4) Public Service Center, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, January 2005

Pollution Sources and Complained BusinessesStatistic data by the Pollution Control Department indicated that most complaints were industrial

factories, and most businesses complained were metal products (such as the production of metal toilet articles

or brass-coated metal used to join pipes or valve or pipe compounds, lathing, drilling, coring, bite, planning,

trimming, or joining general metals, etc), production of plant seeds or tubers (such as grain milling, winnowing,

grinding, flour production, peeling tubers and slicing them into round thin pieces or sticks, etc) and plastic

products (such as production of tools, appliances, furnishings, or ornaments including parts of those products,

production of containers such as bags or sacks, making the plastic be tablets, bars, pipes, tubes, plates, pieces,

powder, or other shapes, etc). The highest pollution problems complained were air and noise, water, and waste

respectively. (Table 2)

Noise 24%

Wastewater 11%

Waste 2%

Others 19%

Bad Smells 27%

Dust/Smoke 17%


Table 2 : Statistic Data of Pollution Complaints to the Pollution Control Department, Classified by Industrial Business Type in 2004

Number of Pollution Problems (Number)

Industry Complaints Bad Dust/Noise Wastewater Waste

(Cases) Smells Smoke

1. Metal Products 22 14 8 10 4 1

2. Seeds or Plant Tubers 21 10 8 1 10 0

3. Plastic Products 11 8 4 4 2 0

4. Pebble, Sand, or Soil for Construction 8 1 6 3 0 0

5. Printing, Production of Document Files, Document Binding, Cover8 7 0 2 1 0

Production, or Printing Retouch and Production of Metal Mould

6. Smelting, Fusing, Molding, Rolling, Dragging,8 4 8 2 1 0

or Initial Production of Metal or Steel

Remark : Number refers to the number of pollution problems, recorded by every complaint.

Case refers to the number of cases by which a case shall be counted when the whole procedures are

completely taken.

Source : Department of Pollution Control, January 2005

Complained AreasStatistics of the Department of Industrial Works and the Pollution Control Department showed that

areas containing the most pollution problems were Bangkok and vicinity. Two provinces facing pollution

problems most were Bangkok and Samut Prakarn (Table 3) because both were economic, society, politic,

education, communication and transportation, and public service centers, etc.


Table 3 : Statistic Data of Pollution Complaints to the Department of Industrial Works, Classified by Province in 2004

AreaDepartment of Industrial Works Department of Pollution Control

No. of Complaints (Cases) Percent No. of Complaints (Cases) Percent

1. Bangkok 770 26.4 352 (1) 41

2. Samut Prakarn 293 10 77 (2) 9

3. Samut Sakhon 220 7.5 25 (6) 2.9

4. Nakhon Pathom 125 4.3 37 (5) 4.5

5. Nonthaburi 108 3.7 54 (3) 6.5

6. Chonburi 99 3.4 24 (7) 2.8

7. Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 86 2.9 21 (8) 2.5

8. Pathum Thani 78 2.7 42 (4) 4.9

9. Rayong 76 2.6 13 (10) 1.5

10. Nakhon Ratchasima 67 2.3 24 (7) 2.8

Total 1,922 65.8 669 78.4

11. Other provinces 998 34.2 184 21.6

Total 2,920 100 853 100

Remark : ( ) refers to ranks of complaints to the Pollution Control Department from the highest to the lowest number of

complaints and Rank 9 is Nakhon Si Thammarat Province with 18 complaints.

For Bangkok, the statistics of Bureau of Health, the Bangkok Metropolitan Authority showed that, in 2004,

Bangkokians had 5,171 complaints from all districts. Districts with the highest number of complaints were Jatujak,

Thonburi, Suan Luang, Bangkapi, and Samphanthawong respectively (Table 4), and the pollution mostly

complained was noise.

Table 4 : Statistic Data of Pollution Complaints, Classified by Bangkok District in 2004

Area No. of Complaints (cases)

1. Jatujak 344

2. Thonburi 248

3. Suan Luang 229

4. Bangkapi 183

5. Samphanthawong 168

Total 1,172

6. Other districts 3,999

Total 5,171

Sourse : Bureau of Health, Bangkok Metropolitan Authority, April 2005


Complaint ChannelsComplainants or people who are in trouble due to pollution problems can submit their complaints to

related authorities as listed below :

Authority Complaint Channels

ë Hot Line 1650 Press 2 or 0 2298 2605

ë Fax : 0 2298 2596

ë Postbox 33, Samsen Nai, Bangkok 10400

Pollution Control Department ë website www.pcd.go.th

ë Email : [email protected]

ë Letter : No. 92, Soi Paholyothin 7, Paholyothin Road,

Khwaeng Samsen Nai, Khet Phyathai, Bangkok 10400

ë Tel. : 0 2202 4007

Department of Industrial Works ë website www.diw.go.th

ë Letter : No 75/6, Rama VI Road, Khet Ratchathevi, Bangkok, 10400

ë Hot Line 1555 Press 1

Bangkok Metropolitan Authority ë website www.bma.go.th

(only in Bangkok Metropolitan area) ë Letter : No. 173, Din Sor Road, Khwaeng Sao Ching Cha,

Khet Phra Nakhon, Bangkok 10200

ë Hot Line 1376

Public Service Centerë PostBox 900, Por.Nor.Phor. Samnak Thamniab, Bangkok 10302

Office of Prime Ministerë website www.opm.go.th

ë Email : [email protected]

ë Letter : Government House, Khet Dusit, Bangkok 10300

Public Service Center ë Tel. : 0 2298 5735

Ministry of Natural Resources ë Postbox 344, PO. Samsen Nai, Bangkok, 10400

and Environment ë website www.mnre.go.th

Government Contact Centre ë Tel. : 1111

Public ProtestExcept direct complaints to responsible authorities, the public protest for pollution complaints is another

alternative channel. The statistics about protests by general people, academics, and Environmental PrivateDevelopment Organization under the Office of the National Intelligence in 2004 disclosed that there were 439protests in 58 provinces or 1% decrease, compared to previous year. The highest protests were in the Central,Northern, Southern, and Northeastern regions respectively. (Table 5)


Table 5 : Statistic Data of Public Protest Against Pollution Problems, Classified by Region in 2004

Region No. of Complaints (cases) Percent

1. Central 258 59

2. North 92 21

3. South 60 14

4. Northeast 29 6

Total 439 100

Source : Office of the National Intelligence, January 2005

Public protests in 2004 were highest issues of infrastructure (142 cases) while the second rank was fromfactories and communities (107 cases and 90 cases) respectively. For other public protests, they involved issueson mining, rock blasting and sand mining, agricultural activities such as bad smells and polluted water fromanimal farms, etc. (Table 6)

Table 6 : Statistic Data of Public Protest Against Pollution Problems, Classified by Problem Causes in 2004

Problem Causes No. of Complaints (cases) Percent

1. Infrastructure 142 32.4

2. Factories 107 24.4

3. Communities 90 20.5

4. Mining/ Sand Mining 32 7.3

5. Farming 10 2.2

6. Others 58 13.2

Total 439 100

Source : Office of the National Intelligence, January 2005


Actions Corresponding to Pollution ComplaintsPursuant to policies of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, duties and authority of

government entities shall be transferred in compliance with the Reorganization of Ministry, Bureau, and

Department Act, B.E. 2545, which stipulates that duties for the enforcement of laws on the national

enhancement and conservation of environmental quality in relation to pollution control shall be transferred to

government officials under the Office of Permanent Secretary (such as the Regional Environment Office 1 - 16,

and the Office of Provincial Natural Resources and Environment), performing duties as pollution control officers

in monitoring pollution sources and resolve pollution complaints in areas to weaken the general publicûs trouble

caused by pollutions. Their actions shall focus on the public pleasure in accordance with good governance.

In the fiscal year 2004, the Pollution Control Department in collaboration with the Department of

Environmental Quality Promotion carried on a project for the development of the complaining system and

pollution solutions as tools for relevant authorities to take legal actions in their particular areas. This project also

facilitated the operation, systematized, and strengthened the efficiency of solving the public trouble, which

could be remedied rapidly and timely with a good service quality and up to policies and strategic plans of the

Ministry. The complaint system in relation to pollution problems was systematized to have the same pattern and

standards for pollution complaints in both regional and provincial levels. The complaint system was divided into

the following 4 steps :

1) Accepting complaints e.g. complaint acceptance path, complaint acceptance form

2) Action Procedures e.g. setting up procedures and undertaking period

3) Database system e.g. ways of recording data, data type, connection

4) Monitoring, evaluation, and outcome report e.g. setting up undertaking period, monitoring, and

reporting the outcome

The above project is another channel to boost the efficiency of the Regional Environment Offices and

the Provincial Office of Natural Resources and Environment, which are local agencies, performing duties as

pollution control officers to remedy peopleûs complaints timely and greater efficiently.


Recovery and Improvementof Wastewater Treatment System

The Pollution Control Department has prepared the rehabilitation and improvement ofwastewater collection system and main wastewater treatment system of communities all overthe country. The Cabinet had an approval for this plan on 16 July 2004 with purposes ofrehabilitating and improving the operation efficiency of wastewater collection system andmain wastewater treatment system of communities, and making local agencies ready tomanage and be responsible for regular system operation. The set goal was that main wastewatersystems should be equipped in 77 communities across the country.

Actions to be undertaken according to Rehabilitation Plan consist of sub-planning as follows :1. To rehabilitate and improve the wastewater collection system and main wastewater treatment system of

communities by improving and repairing wastewater treatment machines, instruments and recovering the operation

efficiency of wastewater collection system and wastewater treatment system.

2. To support the operation and maintenance of wastewater system and to subsidize regressive budgets for

local administrations during initial stages of 4-year rehabilitation period in order to strengthen local administrationsû

potentiality, during the preparation of their long-term readiness in part of budgets.

3. To help local administrations, after the rehabilitation period and to achieve readiness in part of wastewater

system management and operation, so that they enable to operate the system by themselves in the future.

Performance progress in 2004 was described below :ë Requesting the 2003 remaining budget about 37.84 million Baht to improve/repair and complete the

wastewater collection system and wastewater treatment system in 14 municipalities (as details shown in Table 1) and,

from June - August 2004, observing work progress and evaluating the improvement and repair system.

ë Building up the readiness for 35 municipalities by educating them in the way of caring and maintaining the

wastewater collection system and wastewater treatment system, and providing other advice regarding the collection

of wastewater treatment service fees (as details shown in Table 1). As mention above, the wastewater collection and

treatment system in these 14 municipalities and the others 21 municipalities required some improvement and repairs.

The examination system in all 35 municipalities showed that the operation systems could be run efficiently.

The Pollution Control Department has already provided the readiness of the main operating wastewater

treatment system, and also regularly observed and evaluated the efficiency of the main wastewater treatment system

in 35 municipalities as described above. For the next phases, the further actions shall be taken in the other 42

municipalities including 7 wastewater treatment systems of BMA or 84 plants. Actions to be taken are as follows :

1. To monitor and evaluate the operation performance of the wastewater treatment system in 77 plants.

2. To provide 71 local administrations readiness for the management of the community wastewater treatment

system in relation to the following issues :

2.1 Setting up wastewater treatment service fees and other possible collection fee.

2.2 Training personnel involving the operation of the wastewater treatment system, so that they achieve

appropriate knowledge and skills to efficiently operate the wastewater treatment system.


14 Municipalities with Recovered

and Improved Systems

Muang Phayao Municipality, Muang Phichit

Municipality, Muang Kamphaeng Phet

Municipality, Tambon U-Thong Municipality,

Muang Chai Nat Municipality, Nakhon Si

Ayutthaya City Municipality, Tambon Phra

Intaracha Municipality, Muang Ang Thong

Municipality, Tambon Ban Mee Municipality,

Muang Prachuep Khiri Khan Municipality,

Cha-um Municipality, Muang Photharam

Municipality, Muang Ban Pong Municipality,

and Ubon Ratchathani City Municipality

35 Municipalities Prepared

for Systems

Muang Phayao Municipality, Muang Phichit Municipality, Muang Kamphaeng Phet

Municipality, Tambon U-Thong Municipality, Muang Chai Nat Municipality, Nakhon

Si Ayutthaya City Municipality, Tambon Phra Intaracha Municipality, Muang Ang

Thong Municipality, Tambon Ban Mee Municipality, Muang Prachuep Khiri Khan

Municipality, Cha-um Municipality, Muang Photharam Municipality, Muang Ban

Pong Municipality, Ubon Ratchathani City Municipality, Chiang Mai City

Municipality, Muang Lampoon Municipality, Muang Tak Municipality, Muang Suphan

Buri Municipality, Nonthaburi City Municipality, Muang Kanchanaburi Municipality,

Khon Khen City Municipality, Nakhon Ratchasima City Municipality, Muang Pak

Chong Municipality, Muang Chachoengsao Municipality, Muang Klung

Municipality, Chonburi Provincial Administration Organization, Pattaya (Soi Wat

Nong Yai), Pattaya (Soi Wat Boonkanchanaram), Trang City Municipality, Muang

Krabi Municipality, Phuket City Municipality, Tambon Kraron Municipality, Muang Pa

Tong Municipality, Song Khla City Municipality, and Hat Yai City Municipality

2.3 Training local administrators in terms of the wastewater treatment management to enhance them an

understanding of management guidelines and a realization in the significance of wastewater management and

serious actions.

3. To make public relations providing much more knowledge and understanding, and to encourage people

and communityûs involvement in wastewater management and payments of wastewater treatment service fees.

Table 1 : Wastewater Treatment System Undertaken by Action Plan of Rehabilitating and Improving Municipal CollectionSystem and Wastewater Treatment System around the Country


Open BurningControl in Thailand

On 10 June 2002, Thailand and other 9 ASEAN country members together signed, at

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the Agreement of Trans-Boundary Haze Pollution, and six member

countries ratified this Agreement at the end of 2003, which made this ASEAN Agreement

come into force on 25 November 2003. The member countries ratifying this Agreement were

Brunei, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Vietnam, and Thailand while the other 4 member

countries (Indonesia, the Philippines, Lao, and Cambodia) were under the ratification process.

Consequently, Thailand has prepared to control and handle open burning in the country

along with setting up policies to resolve trans-boundary haze pollution pursuant to duties of

countryûs member, ratifying to the aforesaid Agreement. The Pollution Control Department as

Thailandûs central coordinator pursuant to the ASEAN Agreement has cooperated with relevant

authorities for the draft of National Master Plan on Open Burning Control in order to achieve

a guideline to control open burning in Thailand, and the draft of an action plan in accordance

with the National Master Plan on Open Burning Control (B.E. 2547 - 2551). therefore,

relevant authorities took policies on open burning control together with such National Master

Plan to actual practice. The action plan comprised of 30 projects/activities with budgets

amounting to 4,928.42 million Baht.

Year 2004 was the first year of operation according to such action plan; government agencies allocated

some budgets have taken actions in open burning control arising from wildfire, burning in agricultural areas, and

community solid waste management. Relevant authoritiesû performance can be summarized below :

Forest Fire ManagementThe Department of National Parks, Wildlife, and Plants has prepared firebreak lines in the distance of

3,000 kilometers, has checked for forest fire, and suppressed illegal burning in the total areas of 37,420,884 Rai.

Moreover, the Department has had public relation campaigns about forest fire prevention in forms of mobile

public relations, mass media, printing documents, handbills, signing boards, knowledge training, and exhibitions

for general people, especially communities located around forest areas to offer them clearly understanding

about forest fire prevention. Besides, the Department of Disaster Prevention and Imitation has created guidelines

of wildfire prevention and solutions 2005 to be practiced guidelines for relevant authorities in every province.


Agricultural Waste ManagementThe Pollution Control Department and the Department of Agricultural Extension have created the

demonstrative project on agricultural technologies to replace agricultural waste burning. This project targeted4 main provinces (Chiang Mai, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Chai Nat, and Suphan Buri) to carry on openburning control measures in agricultural areas until concrete results were achieved. The project comprised of thepreparation of pilot areas to demonstrate uses of agricultural technologies to substitute open burning, theformation of farmersû network to change behavior from disposal of leaving materials by burning to other properdisposal methods, exhibition arrangements to transfer free-burning agricultural technologies, and public relationcampaigns for project activities through newspapers, local radio stations, and campaign boards. Projectperformance was listed below :

ë Creating demonstrative farms for free-burning agricultural technologies totaling 1,141 Rai,demonstrative farms for plowing and covering rice stubble and straw in 983 Rai, and demonstrativefarms for plowing and covering sugar cane leaves in 158 Rai.

ë About 480 farmers participated in technology transfer exhibitions.ë About 308 farmers became the network members to change behavior from disposal of leaving

materials by burning to other proper disposal methods.Free-burning agricultural technologies demonstrated to farmers involved uses of machines to capably

plow and cover rice stubble and straw; plowing and covering could be done perfectly and thoroughlybecause both rice stubble and straw including other weeds could be uprooted perfectly, and no burning isrequired. Grass root, pest eggs, and diseases accumulating in soil were turned over and eradicated by sunlight.This method helps to reduce uses of chemicals to eliminate insects, plant diseases, and weeds. Besides, this kindof instrument can plow deeply in soil, which results to the loose soil surface, so plant roots enable to grow up,to receive food nutrients easily, and to put out branches pleasingly. If the proper machinery technology isutilized with other biological methods to accelerate the decomposition of rice stubble, farmersû products will beincreasing whereas production costs and risks decrease, and the environment is conserved.

Table 1 : The Comparison of Technology in the Preparation of Planting Areas

Conventional Agricultural Technology Free-Burning Agricultural Technology

- Plowing and covering agricultural waste - Plowing and covering agricultural waste

with Phan Hua Moo with Phan 7

- Exposing soil to the sun - Exposing soil to the sunSteps

- Forking up the group for one round - Forking up the group for three rounds

by 2-rows, 20-plate scarifiers by Phan 7

- Seeding rice grain - Seeding rice grain

Plowing Imperfect plowing and covering Perfect plowing and covering

Depth 10 - 15 cm. 25 - 30 cm.

Soil Plowing and Loosing Plowing must be repeated. No plowing is repeated.

Source : Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives


According to the project evaluation, it was found that burning control measures in agricultural areasreached the determined goals since the project was well responded by project members. Regarding thedemonstration of agricultural technologies to substitute agricultural waste burning, most farmers (over 50%) hadunderstanding of benefits gained by agricultural waste and capabilities of machine used to plow and coverrice stubble enabled to replace agricultural waste burning efficiently. However, Such machine still had a highprice and has not yet widely been used in current preparation of planting areas; consequently, farmerscontinued burning their agricultural waste. If they had other choices of appropriate technologies and machines,problems concerning agricultural waste burning in farming areas would be concretely solved.

Additionally, the Pollution Control Department has created the practice guidelines for rice-producingprocedures that were friendly to the environment according to the Rice Friendly to Environment Project. Theseguidelines took emphasis on using clean-producing procedures and technologies in every production stepstarting from preparing rice farms before planting to rice grain milling. The scope of actions included theformation of demonstrative farms and friendly-to-environment rice production and planting manuals and thedevelopment of 2 example rice mills in targeted areas at Thachin River basin.

Municipal Waste Management1. To analyze problems/obstacles of law enforcement, analyzing data and viewpoints of entrepreneurs

involving the disposal of waste for the draft of laws supporting the operation in accordance with the nationalwaste disposal management.

2. To create the database on the management of waste and hazardous chemicals.3. To survey 106 waste disposal facilities completely constructed and prepared the draft of standard

criteria and guidelines for community waste management.


Management of Noise Pollution

from MotorcyclesNowadays, the number of motorcycles in Bangkok arrives 2.6 million or 44 times of all

vehicles in the city. If these motorcycles have higher running distances, but without maintainedproperly or their unusual conditions of exhausted pipes (for example, exhausted pipes areadjusted or changed, motorcycles are run in a high speed over the limits by laws, and usedfor speed competition on roads), general people will certainly face some trouble and nuisance.Then the tendency of noise level at roadsides in Bangkok will be rising up; therefore, thePollution Control Department and other relevant authorities (such as Thai Traffic Police, theBMA, the Department of Land Transportation, the Department of Environmental Quality Promotion,The Industrial Standards Institute, and Thai Automotive Industry Association) had cooperated ingiving measures of tackling noise pollution due to motorcycles during the year 2003 - 2007.In 2004, a working team was set up to tackle noise pollution due to motorcycles with dutiesand authority to determine, coordinate, monitor, and evaluate the operation as per measuresof tackling motorcycleûs noise pollution as follows :

Management Standardë The Metropolitan Police Bureau had inspections and fined 4,926 motorcycles running with speed

greater than limits by laws.

ë The Pollution Control Department in cooperation with the Thai Traffic Police have provided an

inspection of noise level for motorcycles at roadside of Barom Ratchonnanee (inward bound), in front of

the Elevated Highway Police Station according to the Attractiveness in Calmness Project in çNoise Pollution

Reduction Week : United Thais, Merged Spirit, Anti Noise Dangeré held by Thailand Environment Institute from

30 May to 6 June 2004. About 22 motorcycles were inspected in this event, and 4 of them or 18% emitted

over-standard noise.

ë The Department of Land Transportation had an inspection of 169 motorcycles possessed by the

Ministry of Communication, and only one of them emitted over-standard noise.

ë Legal measures such as

- Thai Industrial Standard Institute has monitored and collected sample motorcycle exhausted pipes

from 11 licensed motorcycle manufacturers around the country and 3 licensed importers. All sample exhausted

pipes met the standard criteria.

- The Pollution Control Board had an approval for setting up the standard noise level of running

motorcycles as proposed to the meeting by the Pollution Control Department on 8 January 2004. Besides, the

Department of Land Transportation has been amending some laws and preparing a draft of technical

specifications of motorcycles in relation to noise pursuant to ECE 41-03 Standard.


- The Pollution Control Department in cooperation with the Thai Traffic Police had sampling

inspections of motorcycle noise to get guidelines of improving standard noise levels of motorcycles. The total

449 motorcycles were inspected; as a result, 159 four-step motorcycles were inspected, and 28 motorcycles or

10% had over-standard noise level (95 dBA). Moreover, 159 two-step motorcycles were inspected, and 79

motorcycles or 50% had over-standard noise level (95 dBA).

- The Metropolitan Police Bureau took legal actions against 29,317 motorcycle drivers whose

motorcycle exhausted pipes were amended or changed. Likewise, 27 motorcycle drivers were given warnings,

and 29,290 motorcycle drivers were arrested.

Campaign Measuresë The Pollution Control Department arranged a workshop regarding çMonitoring and Inspecting Loud

Noise Emitting Vehiclesé on 1 July 2004 for 131 officers responsible for the inspection and arrest of loud noise

emitting vehicles consisting of the Thai Traffic Police, the Department of Land Transportation, BMA, and the

Pollution Control Department. These assigned officers have provided services in relation to checking the noise

level emitted by motorcycles, arresting motorcycles emitting over-standard noise, and motorcycle check-up

before annual registration extension.

ë The Pollution Control Department has created public documents in connection with the noise

pollution due to motorcycles such as VCD showing the inspection of noise level due to vehicles, the public

manual regarding noise pollution çthis World is loudé, the public manual : noise pollution from motorcycles, and

leaflet regarding exhaust gas clinic.

ë District Offices of BMA had a public relation campaign about motorcycle maintenance in order to

reduce the pollution and the noise pollution for 14,635 motorcycle drivers, covering 665 hired motorcycle

service points.

In 2005, the Pollution Control Department plans to make a campaign about driving motorcycles beneath

standard noise level. The Department will be cooperating with other related authorities to organize activities

such as arranging training courses for officers responsible for the inspection of noise level and motorcycle

drivers, making a campaign for using standard-based exhausted pipes of motorcycles, and inspecting and

arresting loud noise emitting motorcycles. The working team and related agencies shall have periodical

meetings to follow up the performance as determined measures. Furthermore, the Department collaborating

with Thailand Environment Institute will carry on the Attraction of Calmness Project to continue the undertaking

of noise pollution problems due to other sources. Moreover, the Thai Traffic Police plans for a project to inspect

the noise level of motorcycles in targeted areas under responsibilities of 3 metropolitan police stations. The

Department of Land Transportation will also speed up law enforcement and determine the standard noise level

of running motorcycles.


Chachoengsao Nakhon Nayok Chonburi

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Numbe

r (c

ase)

Monitoring and Enforcement of EnvironmentalLaws in accordance with the Enhancement and Conservationof National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535

Chachoengsao Prachin Buri Nakhon Nayok Chonburi

250

200

150

100

50

0

Numbe

r (lo

catio

n)

Inspected Over-standard

Receivingorders

Not performing

The Pollution Control Department holds roles and duties in relation to control, prevention,and solutions of environmental problems due to the pollution. It also holds the authority inconnection with the examination and control of pollution sources pursuant to laws on theenhancement and conservation of environmental quality granting duties and authority to pollutioncontrol authorities inspecting and ordering to owners or occupants of any pollution sources tobe compliance with the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act,B.E. 2535. Except other pollution sources are factories, which shall be first taken by theDepartment of Industrial Works pursuant to the Factory Act, B.E. 2535. In case of any failure ofauthorized actions, the Pollution Control Department shall rush to take actions according to theEnhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2535.

In 2004, the Pollution Control Department set up a project of the observation and monitoring of pollutiondisposal emitted from pollution sources as controlled by the Enhancement and Conservation of NationalEnvironmental Quality Act, B.E. 2535. The monitoring consisted of 4 actions : monitoring wastewater from swinefarms, monitoring wastewater from Class-A buildings (in Bangkok areas), monitoring wastewater from theindustrial estate and similar businesses, and pollution disposal from stone mines and stone mills as details below.

Swine FarmThe Pollution Control Department has followed up

the project by monitoring swine farms from the end ofFebruary - July 2004 located at Bangpakong basin, suchas Chachoengsao Province (230 farms), Prachin BuriProvince (45 farms), Nakhon Nayok Province (72 farms),and Chonburi (128 farms) or 475 farms in total. It wasfound that 37 swine farms did not comply with laws bydischarging the wastewater with pollution valueexceeding the standard of wastewater discharge.

Pollution control officers gave orders to those farmsto improve and amend their wastewater systems toenhance adequate efficiency to treat the wastewaterbeneath the standard criteria. The officers also hadpost-examinations after the due date of such order inNakhon Nayok Province, Chachoengsao Province, andsome areas of Chonburi Province (36 farms of total37 farms). It was found that 10 swine farms failed tocomply with the officersû orders, so the Pollution ControlDepartment shall further take legal actions against thoseswine farm owners or occupants.

Figure 1 : Monitoring Wastewater, Discharged by Swine Farms

Figure 2 : Monitoring Wastewater, Discharged by Swine Farms



Industrial Estate Industrial Operation Areas

40

30

20

10

0

Numbe

r (lo

catio

n)

Hotels

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Numbe

r (lo

catio

n)

Plaza/Departme

nt Sto

res

Private

hospitals

Restaura

nts/Fo

od sh

ops

Private

universities

Hotels

20

15

10

5

0

Numbe

r (lo

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n)

Plaza/Departme

nt Sto

res

Private

hospitals

Restaura

nts/Fo

od sh

ops

Private

universities

Receivingorder

Not performing


The Pollution Control Department has monitored thewastewater discharge from Class-A buildings covering 120locations of hotels, department stores or super stores, privatehospitals, restaurants or shops, and private universities,located in Bangkok and only in areas where no mainwastewater treatment systems were operated. Themonitoring revealed that 41 buildings did not comply withrelated laws. 38 buildings discharged the wastewater thathad the pollution value exceeding the standard control ofwastewater discharge or illegally discharged the wastewaterto public water resources without any treatment while theother 3 buildings did not have their wastewater treatmentsystems.

Pollution control officers gave orders to thosebuildings to improve and amend their wastewater systems toenhance adequate efficiency to treat the wastewaterunderlying the standard criteria. The officers also gavewarnings to buildings that illegally discharged untreatedwastewater to public water resources. They, in addition,gave orders that the untreated wastewater had to be treatedin the wastewater treatment system immediately, and thosebuildings had to either construct, install, or provide theirwastewater treatment systems. Pollution control officers hadpost-examinations after the due date of such order in somebuildings (36 buildings of total 41 buildings). It was foundthat 19 buildings failed to comply with the officersû order, sothe Pollution Control Department shall further take legalactions against owners or occupants of those buildings.

Industrial Estate and Similar BusinessesThe Pollution Control Department has monitored the

wastewater discharged from 29 industrial estates and 23industrial operation areas. The monitoring revealed that 10industrial estates and 5 industrial operation areas dischargedthe wastewater that had the pollution value exceeding thestandard control of wastewater discharge.

The Pollution Control Department submitted a letterto the Department of Industrial Works, the Industrial EstateAuthority of Thailand, and provinces where those industrialestates or industrial operation areas were located. To havea consideration giving them orders and supervision to makeamendment and changes of wastewater treatment systems,these industrial estates and industries have to enhanceadequate efficiency to treat the wastewater matchingwith the standard criteria before releasing treated water intopublic water resources or the environment. The PollutionControl Department shall further monitor the discharge ofwastewater from industrial estates and industrial operationareas for evatuating the result.

Figure 3 : Monitoring Wastewater, Discharged by class-A buildings

Figure 4 : The Results of Monitoring Wastewater,Discharged by Swine Farms

Figure 5 : The Results of Monitoring Wastewater,Discharged by Industrial Estate and Similar Businesses

Class A Buildings



Saraburi Province Ratchaburi Province

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Numbe

r (lo

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n)

Receiving order Not performing

Saraburi Province Ratchaburi Province

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Numbe

r (lo

catio

n)

Figure 6 : The Results of Monitoring ParticulateMatters from Stone and Quarrying Process

Figure 7 : The Results of Particulate Matters fromStone and Quarrying Process

Stone Mine and Stone MillThe Pollution Control Department in cooperation

with the Department of Primary Industries and Mines,

Primary Industries and Mines Section, Saraburi Province,

the Department of Primary Industries and Mines, Primary

Industries and Mines Section, Ratchaburi Province, the

Regional Environment Office 7, Saraburi Province, theRegional Environment Office 8, Ratchaburi Province,

Office of Natural Resources and Environment, Saraburi

Province, Office of Municipality of Tambon Na Phra Lan,

and other related Tambon Administration Organizations

have monitored the pollution disposal due to stone mines

and stone mills at Tambon Na Phra Lan, Chaloem PhraKiat District, Saraburi Province and other neighboring

areas. As a result, 37 stone mines and stone mills were

located in Saraburi Province and 16 were located in

Ratchaburi Province. The monitoring revealed that 11

stone mills at Tambon Na Phra Lan in Chaloem Phra KiatDistrict of Saraburi Province and other neighboring areas

including 10 stone mills located in Ratchaburi Province

emitted dust exceeding the standard control.

The Pollution Control Department submitted a

letter indicating the monitoring results to the Department

of Primary Industries and Mines, Saraburi Province andRatchaburi Province to take actions under their duties

and authority. Later, Saraburi Province and Ratchaburi

Province advised that they gave an order to 21 stone

and quarrying industries releasing dust over the standard

limits to stop their operation and make remedies; for

example, to remedy dust disposal system, to set upcleaning measures or clear up dust/soil scattering on the

ground in stone mills, ground yard, and paths in stone

mills, to provide ponds for washing vehicle wheels,

to plant some trees along mill fences, and to set up

water meters for either dust-controling system or the

water-spraying system.The Pollution Control Department has monitored

stone-crushing plants located in Saraburi Province and

Ratchaburi Province and found that most of them gave

the cooperation to resolve dust problems and complied

with orders given by responsible officers. Upon the monthly

monitoring, it was found that only one stone mill hasemitted dust over the standard limits.


EnvironmentCaravan

The Government has had aggressive policies to approach people in many areas forsolving problems of poverty, education, and quality of life by taking all kinds of state servicescreated to remedy peopleûs poverty and trouble in each particular area. Moreover, theMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment set up environmental policies clearly to havebetter protection, conservation, and recovery of environmental quality or to sustain the environmentin the level that would not harm peopleûs health, promote the creation of good surroundingsfor better quality of life of people, and create learning procedures to enhance communitiesûabilities to protect, conserve, and recover the environment. These policies were set up byaiming that people would be able to live happily under good environment and quality of life.The Pollution Control Department and the Department of Environmental Quality Promotion,therefore, established the environment caravan project (a mobile unit to accept peopleûstrouble in relation to pollution problems), weaken their difficulties, provided advice concerningenvironmental management, and made public relation campaigns for peopleûs involvementfor protecting and recovering the environment, and reducing the pollutions. This mobile unitintended to provide conveniently for general people, weaken their trouble, and served theirneeds more efficient. This activity also encouraged the general peopleûs involvement to tacklepollution problems in areas. On 6 November 2004 at Impact, Muang Thong Thani,Pol.Lt.Gen. Thaksin Shinawatra, a Prime Minister, honorably presided over the openingceremony for the Environment Caravan Project and started the journey of the environmentcaravan. In the ceremony, the Government also had the announcement of its performance inthe 4-year periods çGlace back, Look forward, from Grass Root to Main Rooté.

The Environment Caravan began providing services to people on November 2004 in Khlong Toei District,

Bang Khae District, Wang Thonglang District of Bangkok in the total of 33 communities. Services dealt with

knowledge transfer, acceptance of pollution complaints, advice on general academic principles and

environmental laws, service provision in connection with monitoring of air and noise pollution due to cars and

motorcycles, and exhibitions to campaign the solid waste reduction and separation. Since its first start, the

Environment Caravan has received a great deal of complaints; most concerned miscellaneous trouble and

nuisance, and infrastructure. Hence, the Pollution Control Department has cooperated with the BMA to remedy

those pollution problems and also provided services about the inspection of air and noise pollution due to

various vehicles. For this reason, a number of cars and motorcycles have been offered the services, and vehicle

drivers were also advised by the Pollution Control Department concerning the engine overhaul to initially reduce

the pollution. Table 1 below shows the list of communities provided services by the Environmental Caravan.


The environment caravan project has been carried on for the best benefit in terms of the Stateûs duties,

convenience offered to people, and greater efficient remedies of problems for the public. For the working plans

in 2005, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment will have a cooperation with the BMA to select

communities that attain readiness and intention to take care and resolve their environmental problems,

and both authorities will be organizing activities in consistence with problem features and desire of those

communities. These activities will be also regularly evaluated until those communities are strong enough to

manage their environmental problems.

Table 1 : Communities Provided Services by Environment Caravan

District CommunitiesNumber

(Communities)

Khlong ToeiFlat 1-10, Flat 11-18, Piyawatr, Bhumijitr, Wattana Farm, Khlong Toei Lock 1-2-3,

9Premruethai Village, the railroad side of Tha Rue route, and Nong Mai

Nimmarnnoradee, Song Khun Ja, on the back of Petchkasem Police Station,

Bang KhaeRuamchai Pattana, Chao Wat Muang, along Bang Khae Canal, Ban King,

13Kaset Rungrangsap, Suksamran, Jermjit, Ruamchai Wattana waterside,

by the side of Ratpipat Hospital, and Pu Yen Ya Kum Youngyu

Wang Thong LangRungmaneepattana, Sapsin Kao, Sapsin Mai, Thep Leela, Wat Tuek,

11Ruam Samakkee, Nomkhlao, Bodin Deja, Lad Prao 91, Chantrasuk, and Lad Prao 80

APPENDIX

98

Subject Main Concept Royal GovernmentGazette

THAILAND STATE OFPOLLUTION REPORT 2004

Law and Regulations Concerning

General Environmental Issues

The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2535

Notification of the Ministry

of Natural Resources and

Environment : Cancellation

of Appointing Pollution

Control Officers

Cancels the notification of the Ministry of

Science, Technology, and Environment No. 2

(B.E. 2536), No. 5 (B.E. 2540), No. 6 (B.E. 2540),

No. 7 (B.E. 2540), and No. 10 (B.E. 2545) regarding

the appointment of pollution control officers

Volume 121

special part 33 D

Dated 22 March 2004



Environment : Appointment

of Pollution Control Officers

Appoints district officers of every district, and

deputy district officers who are chiefs of King

Amphoe (Sub-district) in every King Amphoe to be

pollution control officers with duties and authority

pursuant to the Enhancement and Conservation

of National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535 in

their responsible areas.

Volume 121

special part 33 D

Dated 22 March 2004



Environment : Setting up

Areas and Environmental

Protection Measures at Ban

Laem Dis t r ic t , Muang

Petchburi District, Tha Yang

District, and Cha-um District,

Petchburi Province, Hua Hin

District, and Pranburi District,

Prachuep Khiri Khan Province

B.E. 2547

Announces that areas in accordance with the

notification of the National Environment Board

No. 13 (B.E. 2539) and areas in accordance with

the notification of the Ministry of Agriculture and

Cooperatives dated 20 July 1971 regarding

setting up areas prohibited to use trawls and

push net equipped with motorboats for fishery

for areas listed in the attachment and those

areas are under the environmental protection

measures as per principles set forth in the

notification, which are divided into 7 parts; each

part shall be up to determined measures; for

example, prohibition for the construction of some

kinds of factories or high buildings, etc. In

addition, governmental agencies, state enterprises,

or private companies require to do any activity

in those areas must submit reports on initial

Volume 121

Special part 86 D

Dated 30 July 2004

5 years from the date

following the date of its

pub l icat ion i n the

Government Gazette

99



- Designates that relevant officials consider the

background of violation of laws by applicants

asking for l icenses to establish public

entertainment places before granting licenses.

- Designates that relevant officials have

authority not to extend or suspend or

withdraw licenses in case that public

entertainment places licensees fail to comply

with or violate provision of this Act or

ministerial regulations.

- Service locations for health or beauty must be

up to standard set up by the Ministry of Public

Health Affairs by approval of the Minister of

Interior.

Volume 121

special part 6 A

Dated 12 January 2004

The Public Entertainment

Place Act (No. 4), B.E. 2546

environmental impact or reports on the analysis

of environmental impact as the case may be.

Moreover, every province has duties to promote,

support, and create peopleûs awareness of

caring and conserving the environment, promote

and support the recovery and remedies of

environment. The Minister shall have the power

to appoint the committee to periodically

supervise and observe the performance.

However, the notification also sets up the interim

provision to support rights of any person affected

by this notification.

100



The Petrol Act, B.E. 2514

Notification of the

Department of Petroleum

Resources : Principles of

Reporting Petroleum Business

Performance

Sets up principles concerning the operation

of petroleum businesses by stipulating that

concessionaires must prepare and submit reports

of field surveys in connection with measuring

the vibration of ground and rock levels,

soil excavation for petroleum survey and

development, reports on petroleum products, and

evaluation of surveys and development of

petroleum resources, etc.

Volume 121

Special part 33 D

Dated 22 March 2004

The Factory Act, B.E. 2535


of Industry : Undertaking

Measures in case of

Operat i ng Indust r ia l

Businesses that May Cause

Serious Danger, Damages,

or Trouble

- Designates any industrial entrepreneur to cease

its business operation immediately in case that :

(1) Industrial operation may cause serious

harm, damages, or trouble to persons or

properties in that factories or areas close

to it or the factory gives the impact to the

environment.

(2) Industrial entrepreneur moves out some

hazardous waste or unused materials

from the factory and dumps or bury it in

unapproved or improper places as

stipulated by laws.

Volume 121

Special part 127 D

Dated 10 November

2004

101



- Prescribes any industrial entrepreneur to

continue its business operation if that

particular entrepreneur is able to remedy or

improve his/her factory or to comply with

related laws. Upon any failure, the factory must

be closed.

- Prescribes that such cautions or warnings must

be stamped on the license, any certificate

issued to replace the license, or any official

document issued to acknowledge the

industrial operation as the case may be.

102







Standard Cont ro l of

Releasing Wastewater from

Aquatic Animal Feeding

Ponds Located at Marine

Coastal Areas

Sets up measures of controlling the wastewater

discharged from marine fishes feeding ponds and

brackish water feeding ponds located beyond

sea water break lines of the Department of

Irrigation or within the inner marine coastline

areas of the Land Development Department,

which consists of more than 10 ponds. Those

marine coastal aquatic animal ponds must con-

tain wastewater standard values in terms of pH,

BOD, Suspended Solid, NH3-N, phosphorus, Total

Phosphorous, Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), Total

Nitrogen. In addition, wastewater collection

methods and sampled wastewater analysis must

be in compliance with related obligations.

Volume 121

Special part 49 D

Dated 1 May 2004

Notification of Pollution

Control Department :

Setting up Types of Water

Resources in Rayong River

Stipulates that Rayong River, from Rayong River

estuary at Tambon Ban Pak Khlong, Muang

District, Rayong Province, Km. 0 to Rayong River

at Thanon Chanburi-Rayong Bridge, Tambon

Chuengnern Muang District, Rayong Province, Km.

19 are Class-4 water resources. It also stipulates

Rayong River from Thanon Chanburi-Rayong

Bridge, Tambon Chuengnern Muang District,

Rayong Province, Km. 19 are to Rayong River,

Tambon Pak Praek, Pluak Daeng District, Rayong

Province, Km. 55 are Class-3 water resources.

Volume 121

Special part 144 D

Dated 31 December

2004

Law and Regulations Concerning

Water Pollution

103






Resources in Chanburi River

Stipulates that Chanburi River, from Chanburi River

estuary at Tambon Ban Pak Khlong, Laem Sing

District, Chanburi Province, Km. 0 to Chanburi

River at Tambon Ban Puk, Ma Kham District,

Chanburi Province, Km. 60 are Class-3 water

resources.

Volume 121

Special part 144 D

Dated 31 December

2004




Resources in Trad River

Stipulates that Trad Hanburi River, from Trad River

estuary at Tambon Ban Dan Kao, Muang District,

Trad Province, Km. 0 to Trad River at Ban Si Bua

Thong, Khao Saming District, Trad Province, Km.

54 are Class-3 water resources.

Volume 121

Special part 144 D

Dated 31 December

2004

Proclamation of Revolutionary Party, No. 58 Dated 26 January 1972



Environment : Undertaking

Principles for Concession of

Pipe water Businesses for

Publicûs Safety and Peace

Sets up principles concerning ways of acquiring,

extending, and transferring the concession,

practice in compliance with concession

conditions, operation of pipe water businesses,

and asking the approval for the revision of water

rate charges, maintenance of pipe water

measures, and application for license of pipe

water sales and distribution.

Volume 121

Special part 22 D

Dated 27 February 2004

104



The State Administration Act, B.E. 2534

Pr ime Min i s te r Of f ice

Regulation : Prevention and

E l im inat ion of Water

Pollution due to Oil B.E. 2547

- Cancels Prime Minister Office Regulation

concerning the prevention and elimination of

water pollution due to oil B.E. 2538.

- The new issued regulation still contains the

same core concepts to Prime Minister Office

Regulation B.E. 2538. The amendments are made

only in part of the definition, from çAction Plané

to be çPrevention Plané, the revision of agency

names to be consistent with the Reorganization

of Ministry, Bureau, and Department Act, B.E.

2545, and the revision of some wordings in

Article 8 (3) to be more concise.

Volume 121

Special part 23 D

Dated 2 March 2004

The Groundwater Act, B.E. 2520



Environment: Principles of

Receiving, Paying, Keeping

Monies, Benefit Acquisition,

Property Management

and Sales, and Internal

Audit about Expenses of

Groundwater Development

Fund B.E. 2547

Stipulates that the Fund receives groundwater

costs from payers paid by cash, cheque, or bank

transfer. Such received monies must be spent

according to objectives of fund establishment

and to the Master Plan for the Development

and Conservation of Groundwater Resources and

Environment. Money withdrawal must be done in

a written notice attached by the resolution of

the Board or the payment plan. Moreover, such

withdrawal must be approved by the Chairman

of the Board; payments will be made in check

only, except any payment less than Baht 20,000

that may be made in cash. For the Bangkok

office, the Fundûs money must be deposited in

the account opened at the Comptroller Generalûs

Volume 121

Special part 23 D

Dated 2 March 2004

105



Ministerial Regulation :

Setting up Groundwater

Conservation Fee Rates, and

Principles, Methods, and

Conditions of Charging

Groundwater Conservation

Fees B.E. 2547

Stipulates that groundwater conservation fees

in areas of Bangkok, Nonthaburi, Phra Nakhon

Si Ayutthaya, Samut Prakarn, Samut Sakhon, and

Nakhon Pathom shall be under the set provisions.

The calculation of groundwater conservation fees

must be based on the use amount received from

the water measure meter or the highest amount

determined in the license in case that there is

no water measure meter. The officers shall have

the power to assess for higher groundwater

conservation fees if the amount of groundwater

used is greater than the set amount specified in

the license. The groundwater licensee must make

payments for the groundwater conservation fees

in 4 installments a year, and each installment

must be made within 30 days upon the date of

the following installment. If the licensee fails to

make payments within the due date, the fees

shall be charged higher as per the determined

rates.

Department. For provincial offices, bank accounts

must be opened at Provincial or District Offices of

the Comptroller. Benefit acquisition from monies

or properties of the Fund must be up to the

Boardûs resolutions under the approval of the

Ministry of Finance. Procurement, inventories, and

sales of properties owned by the Fund must

be based on Prime Minister Office Regulation

regarding inventories. In addition, the Fund Office

must be responsible for the preparation of reports,

financial and accounting audits, and inventories

of the Fund at least 1 time a year.

Volume 121

Special part 49 A

Dated 31 August 2004

106



The Port Authority of Thailand Act, B.E. 2494

The Port Authority of

Thailand Regulation :

Dredging and Soil

Dumping in the area of the

Port Authority of Thailand

B.E. 2547

Stipulates that entrepreneurs granting an approval

by the Office of the Maritime Promotion

Commission to dredge the Chao Phraya tideway

under the responsibility of the Office of the

Maritime Promotion Commission must dredge

and dump soil in fixed areas pursuant to the

agreement. The entrepreneurs must pay for soil

dumping fees at the rate of 20 Baht per cubic

meter. Any changes of soil dumping locations

beyond fixed areas or those set forth in the

agreement, the entrepreneurs shal l be

additionally charged for 25%, and they have to

deposit the security, in cash or cheque, to

guarantee the performance in compliance with

the obligation and agreement. They also have

to provide the insurance to cover any event to

be arising out due to such activity in the amount

not less than 500,000 Baht.

Volume 121

Special part 40 D

Dated 9 April 2004

31 March 2004 onwards

107





of Industry : Enforcing

Factories Necessarily having

Wastewater Treatment

System to Install Special

Device or Instruments and

supplementary devices or

instruments B.E. 2547

Stipulates that factories listed in the attachment

to the ministerial regulation (B.E. 2535) with

wastewater discharge from 3,000 - 10,000 cubic

meters a day or the dirty volume in form of BOD

accesses the system 4,000 kilometers per day

and up. Factories with wastewater over 10,000

cubic meters a day must install special devices

or instruments and supplementary devices or

instruments to report the data in the information

technology pattern to the computer system of

the Department of Industrial Works. Except those

factories have to deliver their wastewater for

treatment in other main wastewater treatment

facilities or do not discharge any wastewater out

of factories. Entrepreneurs of industries must

install special devices or instruments and

supplementary devices or instruments such as a

meter measuring wastewater flow, electricity

measuring meter, BOD checking meter, COD

checking meter, etc. However, such devices or

instruments must attain characteristics as

prescribed by the Ministry.

Volume 121

Special part 76 D

Dated 14 July 2004

- After 6 months for

factories with

discharged

wastewater amount

more than 10,000

cubic meters a day.

- After 1 year for

factories with

discharged

wastewater amount

from 3,000 - 10,000

cubic meters a day

from the date

following the date of

its publication in the

Government Gazette.

108




Laws and Regulations Concerning

Air and Noise Pollution




Standards Controlling the Air

Pollution Emission by Cement

Factories

Sets up acceptable standards of dust, sulphur

dioxide, and oxide nitrogen emitted by cement

factories and measuring methods.

Volume 121

Special part 12 D




Environment : Notifying

Cement Factor ies as

Po l lu t ion Sources and

Emission of Polluted Air to

the Environment Must Be

under Control

Notifies that cement factories, both old and new

ones, are pollution sources by which polluted air

emitted by these factories into the environment

must be controlled. Owners or occupants of these

pollution sources have a duty for polluted air

treatment to be in compliance with standards

on emission of polluted air by cement factories

as specified in the Notification of the Ministry of

Natural Resources and Environment regarding

setting up standards for the control of polluted

air emission by cement factories.

Volume 121

Special part 12 D


- From the date

following the date of

its publication in the

Government Gazette

for new cement

factories

- After 2 years upon the

date this notification

comes into force for

old cement factories




Petroleum Warehouses as

Po l lu t ion Sources and

Emission of Polluted Air to

the Environment Must Be

under Control

Notifies that petroleum warehouses located in

Bangkok, Nonthaburi Province, Pahum Thani

Province, and Samut Prakarn Province are

pollution sources by which polluted air emitted

by these sources into the environment must

be controlled. Owners or occupants of these

petroleum warehouses have a duty for polluted

air treatment to be in compliance with

standards as specified in the Notification of the

Volume 121

Special part 73 D

Dated 2 July 2004

- From the date follow-

ing the date of its pub-

lication in the Govern-

ment Gazette for new

petroleum warehouses

109






Standards on Controlling

Polluted Air Emission by

Gold Melting and Boiling

Enterprises

Sets up standards of oxide of nitrogen value

calculated as nitrogen oxide emitted by gold

melting and boiling enterprises that must not

exceed 550 parts per million. The measuring

methods are set up as well.

Volume 121

Special part 88 D

Dated 6 August 2004

After 1 year from the

date following the date

of its publication in the

Government Gazette




Gold Melting and Boiling

Enterprises as Pollution

Sources that Must Be under

Control

Notifies that gold melting and boiling enterprises

are pollution sources by which polluted air

emitted by these factories into the environment

must be controlled. Owners or occupants of these

gold melting and boiling enterprises have a duty

for polluted air treatment to be in compliance

with standards on controlling the emission

of polluted air by gold melting and boiling

enterprises as specified in the Notification of the

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

regarding setting up standards for the control of

polluted air emission by gold melting and boiling

enterprises, but the treatment must not be done

by way of dilution.

Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment

No. 1 and No. 2 (B.E. 2545) regarding setting up

standards for controlling the emission of benzene

vapor from petroleum warehouses dated 18 June

2001 and 12 March 2002 respectively, but the

treatment must not be done by way of dilution.

- Af te r 18 months

upon the date this

notification comes

into force for old

petroleum warehouses

Volume 121

Special part 88 D

Dated 6 August 2004

110



Notification of the National

Environment Board No. 23

(B.E. 2547) : Not i fy ing

Tambon Na Phra Lan,

Chaloem Phra Kiat District,

Saraburi Province as a

Pollution Control Area

Designates Tambon Na Phra Lan, Chaloem Phra

Kiat District, Saraburi Province as a pollution

control area in order to control, reduce, and

eradicate the pollution.

Volume 121

Special part 104 D

Dated 22 September

2004

From 19 April 2004

onwards



(B.E. 2547) : Standards of

Air Quality in General

Environment

Cancels contents stated in the notification of

the national environment board No. 10 (B.E. 2538)

Article 2 (2) (3) and (4) regarding calculating

averages of sulpher dioxide and particulate matter

by arithmetic mean and geometric mean.

The Industrial Products Standards Act, B.E. 2511

Notification of Thai Industrial

Standard institute :

Cancellation and Standards

of Industrial Products in part

of Diesel-Based Small Cars

- Cancels industrial standards for diesel-based

small cars in relation to safety aspect :

pollutants from Level-5 engines, Standard No.

Mor.Or.Kor. 1875-2542

- Sets up new industrial standards for diesel-based

small cars in relation to safety aspect :

pollutants from Level-6 engines, Standard No.

Mor.Or.Kor. 2155-2546, and requires that any

person having any objection submits his/her

objection notice to be attached with proper

reasons within 30 dates upon the date of the

notification prior to its enactment as the Royal

Decree.

Volume 121

Special part 104 D

Dated 22 September

2004

Volume 121

Special part 24 D

Dated 23 March 2004

111



Notification of Thai Industrial

Standard institute :

Cancellation and Standards

of Industrial Products in part

of Benzene-Based Small Cars

Sets up industrial standards for benzene-based

small cars in relation to safety aspect : pollutants

from Level-7 engines, Standard No. Mor.Or.Kor.

2160-2546, which shall be enacted as the Royal

Decree.


of Indus t ry i s sued in

compl iance wi th the

Industrial Products Standards

Act, B.E. 2511 :

- No. 3196 (B.E. 2547)

Industrial Products in part

of Diesel-Based Small

Cars in relation to safety

aspect : pollutants from

Level-6 engines

Sets up industrial standards for diesel-based



2155-2546. This industrial standard sets up the

manufacture, requires specification, marks

and labels, sampling, and criteria of testing

diesel-based small cars.

Volume 121

Special part 24 D

Dated 23 March 2004

Volume 121

Special part 29 D

Dated 8 April 2004


of Indus t ry i s sued i n

compl iance wi th the

Industrial Products Standards

Act, B.E. 2511 :

- No. 3197 (B.E. 2547)

Industrial Products in part

of Benzene-Based Small

Cars in relation to safety

aspect : pollutants from

Level-7 engines

Sets up industrial standards for benzene-based



2160-2546. This industrial standard sets up the

manufacture, requires specification, marks and

labels, sampling, and criteria of testing benzene-

based small cars.

Volume 121

Special part 29 D

Dated 8 April 2004

112



Royal Decree to enforce

industrial products in

relation to the lubricant for

benzene-based and two-

step engines in compliance

with 2004 standards

- Cancels the Royal Decree on the same

matter enacted in 1991

- Notifies that industrial products in relation to

the lubricant for benzene-based and two-step

engines must be in compliance with Standard

No. Mor.Or.Kor. 1040-2541 issued pursuant to

the notification of the Ministry of Industry No.

2369 (B.E. 2541) issued in compliance with the

Industrial Products Standards Act, B.E. 2511

regarding the cancellation and industrial

standards in relation to the lubricant for

benzene-based and two-step engines dated

20 May 1998.

Volume 121

Special part 50 A

Dated 9 August 2004

After 360 days upon the



Government Gazette



relation to the small diesel

engines releasing heat by

water to be in compliance

with 2004 standards

Notifies that industrial products in relation the

small diesel engines releasing heat by water must

be in compliance with Standard No. Mor.Or.Kor.

787-2531 issued pursuant to the notification of

the Ministry of Industry No. 1396 (B.E. 2531)

issued in compliance with the Industrial Products

Standards Act, B.E. 2511 regarding industrial

standards in relation to small diesel engines

releasing heat by water dated 28 September

1988.

Volume 121

Special part 50 A

Dated 9 August 2004




Government Gazette

113






engines to be in

compliance with 2004

standards



- Notifies that industrial products in relation to the

small diesel engines must be in compliance

with Standard No. Mor.Or.Kor. 2155-2546 issued

pursuant to the notification of the Ministry

of Industry No. 3196 (B.E. 2547) issued in

compliance with the Industrial Products

Standards Act, B.E. 2511 regarding industrial

standards in relation to the small diesel engines

for the safety aspect : pollutants from Level-6

engines dated 26 January 2004.

Volume 121

Special part 70 A

Dated 11 November

2004




Government Gazette




engines to be in compliance

with 2004 standards



- Notifies that industrial products in relation

to the small benzene engines must be in

compliance with Standard No. Mor.Or.Kor.

2160-2546 issued pursuant to the notification of

the Ministry of Industry No. 3197 (B.E. 2547)

issued in compliance with the Industrial

Products Standards Act, B.E. 2511 regarding

industrial standards in relation to the small

diesel engines for the safety aspect :

pollutants from Level-7 engines dated 26

January 2004.

Volume 121

Special part 70 A

Dated 11 November

2004




Government Gazette

114





of Industry :

Amount of Sulpher Dioxide

Contaminating in the Air

Emitted by Factories Using

Fuel Oil Year 2004

- Cancels the notification of the Ministry of Industry

No. 2 (2000) issued pursuant to Factory Act

B.E. 2535 regarding setting up the amount of

pollutants in the air emitted by factories (supple-

mentary) dated 11 April 2000.

- Sets up the acceptable amount of sulpher

dioxide emitted by factories using the fuel oil.

The amount of sulpher dioxide contaminating

in the air must not be over 950 parts per

million by volume (ppmv). New examination

methods and reports of examination results are

also set up.


of Industry : Amount of

Pollutants in the Air Emitted

by Cement Factories Year

2004

Sets up the acceptable amount of pollutants

in the air emitted by cement factories (the same

parameters and concentration of parameter

values to those announced in the notification

of the Ministry of Natural Resources and

Environment regarding setting up standards for

the control of emitting air pollutants by cement

factories). New examination methods and

reports of examination results are also set up.

Volume 121

Special part 70 D

Dated 25 June 2004

Volume 121

Special part 59 D

Dated 27 May 2004

115




of Industry : Specifications

of Used Oil Processed the

Quality Improvement and

Fuel Synthetic to Replace

Fuel Oil in Industries Year

2004

- Sets up specifications and quality of used oil

processed the quality improvement and fuel

synthetic to replace the fuel oil in industries.

Specifications must be up to those specified in

the attachment to the notification, and be

necessarily tested, every time, by laboratories.

- Manufacturing factories must inform the

Department of Industrial Works of the amount

and results of examining oil quality to be sent

and used in industrial furnaces, and submits

the monthly report to the Department the list

of factories desiring to use such oil to replace

the fuel oil.

Volume 121

Special part 95 D

Dated 31 August 2004


of Industry : Amount of

Pollutants in the Air Emitted

by Generating, Transmitting,

or Distributing Power Plants

Year 2004

- Sets up the acceptable amount of sulpher

dioxide, oxide of nitrogen in form of nitrogen

dioxide, and particulate matter emitted by new

power plants granted approval for their

establishments or plant extension since 31

January 1996 and old power plants granted

licenses for power plant businesses or plant

extension before 31 January 1996 including 9

existing power plants using coal, oil, natural

gas, and biomass fuel as energy sources.

- New pollutant calculation methods and reports

of results are also set up.

Volume 121

Special part 113 D

Dated 7 October 2004

116



- Sets up principles and conditions concerning

specifications and quality of liquid petroleum

gas held by petroleum traders for their

distribution.

- Enforces that the petroleum traders who

distribute petroleum or hold liquid petroleum

gas for product ion must in fo rm of

specifications and quality of liquid petroleum

gas that are not in compliance with those

st ipulated in the attachment to the

notification for the approval by the Director

General of the Department. Upon the receipt

of standard certificate, such petroleum traders

must comply with issued conditions.

- Cancels the notification of the Department of

Commercial Registration regarding the same

issue in relation to liquid petroleum gas.

- Sets up specifications and quality of liquid

petroleum gas as detailed in the attachment

to each notification.

Volume 121

Special part 8 D


From 26 January 2004

onwards.

(This notification shall not

include specifications

and quality of liquid

petroleum gas previously

approved.)

Notification of the

Department of Energy

Business : Specifications and

Quality of Gasohol Year

2004


specifications and quality of gasohol held by

petroleum traders for their distribution.


distribute gasohol or hold gasohol for production

must inform of specifications and quality of

gasohol that are not in compliance with those

stipulated in the attachment to the notification

for the approval by the Director General of the

Department. Upon the receipt of standard

The Fuel Oil Trading Act, B.E. 2543

Volume 121

Special part 8 D



onwards.



and quality of gasohol

previously approved.)

Notification of the



Quality of Liquid Petroleum

Gas Year 2004

117



Notification of the



Quality of Benzene Year

2004


specifications and quality of benzene held by



distribute benzene or hold benzene for

production must inform of specifications and

quality of gasohol that are not in compliance

with those stipulated in the attachment to the







issue in relation to benzene.

- Sets up specifications and quality of benzene as

detailed in the attachment to each notification.

Volume 121

Special part 8 D



onwards.



and quality of benzene


certificate, such petroleum traders must comply

with issued conditions.



issue in relation to gasohol.

- Sets up specifications and quality of gasohol as

detailed in the attachment to each notification.

118



Notification of the



Quality of Kerosene Year

2004


specifications and quality of kerosene held by



distribute kerosene or hold kerosene for

production must inform of specifications and

quality of kerosene that are not in compliance

with those stipulated in the attachment to the







issue in relation to kerosene.

- Sets up specifications and quality of kerosene

as detailed in the attachment to each

notification.

Volume 121

Special part 8 D



onwards.



and quality of kerosene


Notification of the



Quality of Diesel (No. 2)

Year 2004


Energy Business on the same issue in relation

to diesel.

- Sets up specifications and quality of diesel


notification.

Volume 121

Special part 8 D



onwards.



and quality of diesel


119



Notification of the



Quality of Fuel Oil (No. 2)

Year 2004


Energy Business on the same issue in relation

to fuel oil.

- Sets up specifications and quality of fuel oil


notification.

Volume 121

Special part 8 D



onwards.



and quality of fuel oil


Notification of the



Quality of Gasohol (No. 2)

Year 2004


Energy Business on the same issue. (Year 2004)

- Sets up specif ications and qual ity of

gasohol as detailed in the attachment to the

notification.

Volume 121

Special part 71 D

Dated 28 June 2004

From 1 July 2004

onwards

The Motor Vehicle Act, B.E. 2522

Ministerial Regulation :

Combination Parts and

Equipment of Natural

Gas-based Vehicles Year

2004

Enforces natural gas-based vehicles to have

combination parts and equipment concerning

uses of pressed natural gas as stipulated by the

Ministry and in compliance with standards

established or approved by the Department

of Land Transportation. In addition, these

combination parts and equipment including their

installation must be tested to obtain checking

and testing certificates. Vehicle owners and

occupants must also display the sign of using

pressed natural gas as vehicle fuel at the

vehicle.

Volume 121

Special part 82 A

Dated 28 December

2004




Government Gazette

120






(B.E. 2547) : Setting up Soil

Quality Standards

Sets up soil quality standards categorized by soil

utilization. Soil quality examination methods and

ways of keeping sample soil are also set up.

Volume 121

Special part 119 D


Ministerial Regulation Regarding Division of Units under Pollution Control Department,the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, B.E. 2545



Principles of Specifications of

Waste Plastic Bags and

Waste Plastic Containers

Used in Public and Public

Locations.

Sets up specifications of waste plastic bags and

waste plastic containers used in public and

public locations so that related government

agencies enable to separate, collect, remove,

gather, or dispose it prior to waste utilizations

that the waste disposal from communities can

be efficiently managed and up to academic

principles.

Laws and Regulations Concerning

Waste and Hazardous Chemicals

Volume 121

Special part 46 D

Dated 27 April 2004

121





of Industry : Disposal of

Waste or Unused Materials

(Supplementary) Year 2004

Enforces industrial entrepreneurs whose factories

are located in 62 targeted provinces having

the waste or unused materials with features and

qualifications as specified in the Appendix to the

notification must dispose their waste or unused

materials pursuant to the notification of the

Ministry of Industry No. 1 (B.E. 2541) issued

in accordance with Factory Act B.E. 2535

regarding the same issue dated 26 May 1998.

Volume 121

Special part 61 D

Dated 31 May 2004




Government Gazette


of Industry : Principles and

Methods of Updating the

Information about Waste

or Unused Materials of

Factories through Internet

System Year 2004

- Enforces industrial entrepreneurs having

waste or unused materials with features and

qualifications as per the notification of the

Ministry of Industry No. 6 (B.E. 2540), No. 1

(B.E. 2541), and Supplementary Notification

(B.E. 2547) must update details about types,

volume, and persons responsible for the

disposal of waste or unused materials

through the internet system or facsimile to the

Department of Industrial Works every time such

waste or unused materials are moved out from

factories.

- Enforces persons responsible for waste

treatment or waste disposal to inform of

factory names delivering such waste or

unused materials, types, volume, and methods

of waste treatment or disposal and waste

removal methods through the internet system

or facsimile every time they are delivered

waste or unused materials from industrial

entrepreneurs.

Volume 121

Special part 145 D

Dated 31 December

2004

122



The Hazardous Substance Act, B.E. 2535

Notification of the

Ministry of Agriculture and

Cooperatives : Principles and

Production Methods, Import

and Export, and Possession

of Hazardous Substances

under the responsibil ity

of the Department of

Agriculture Year 2004

- Cancels the notification on this matter issued

on 1995 and the notification regarding setting

up locations for license applications and

possession of Type-3 hazardous substances

under the responsibility of the Department of

Agriculture Year 1996.

- Sets up license application procedures,

principles of production location, storing,

importing and exporting, and possession of

hazardous substances under the responsibility

of the Department of Agriculture.

Volume 121

Special part 33 D

Dated 22 March 2004

Notification of the

Department of Agriculture :

Principles, Methods, and

Conditions of Participating

in the Project on Quality

Agricultural Chemicals Shops

Year 2004

Sets up principles, conditions, and qualifications

of participants in the Project on Quality

Agricultural Chemicals Shops, shop layouts, and

quality sign çQ Shopé, including the project

participation certificate.

Volume 121

Special part 33 D

Dated 22 March 2004

From the date of this

notification onwards

Department of Industrial

Works Regulation : Practice

for the Management of

Hazardous Substances to

be seized by the Courtûs

Judgment Year 2004

- Enforces that hazardous substances to be

seized by the Courtûs order must be delivered

to the Department of Industrial Works for

destruction or other administration as it deems

appropriate such as distribution or utilized by

other government agencies or state enterprises.

- Sets up a committee to consider the management

of hazardous substances to be seized by the

Courtûs order.

Volume 121

Special part 51 D

Dated 6 May 2004

123



Notification of the

Department of Agriculture :

Measures of Controlling the

Distribution and Uses of

Agricultural Hazardous

Substances Year 2004

Enforces that manufacturers or distributors

of hazardous substance under the responsibility

of the Department of Agriculture, or orange

farmers at Chai Prakarn District, Mae Ai District,

and Fang District, Chiang Mai Province who use

agricultural hazardous substances to wipe out

weeds must report to the officers, on a monthly

basis, their possession of those hazardous

substances pursuant to the form attached to this

notification.

Volume 121

Special part 57 D

Dated 20 May 2004


of Public Health Affairs :

Exception for the Possession

of Hazardous Substances

Employed for Works in

accordance wi th the

Hazardous Substance Act,

B .E . 2535 under the

responsibility of the Food

and Drug Administration

Notifies that persons possess hazardous substances

in form of ready products registered to Food

and Drug Administration, and use them for works

relating to vehicle cleaning, clothing laundry or

dry-cleaning, and eradicate parasites of pets will

be granted exceptions by unnecessari ly

reporting their business operations and applying

for licenses in compliance with the Hazardous

Substance Act, B.E. 2535.

Volume 121

Special part 63 D

Dated 7 June 2004


of Industry : Taking Actions

concerning Type-4

Hazardous Substances

under the Responsibility of

the Department of

Industrial Works (No. 4)

Year 2004

- Cancels hazardous substances in accordance

with the notification of the Ministry of Industry

dated 20 March 2000 on the same matter.

- Stipulates that the list of hazardous substances

mentioned in this notification are hazardous

substances in accordance wi th the

notification dated 20 March 2000.

Volume 121

Special part 118 D


124



Notification of the Ministry of

Industry : Exception for the

Registration of Hazardous

Substances in compliance

with the Hazardous Sub-

stance Act, B.E. 2535 under

the responsibility of the

Department of Industry Works

Year 2004

- Cancels the notification of the Ministry of

Industry (No. 2) dated 20 March 2000 on the

same matter.

- Stipulates that hazardous substances to be

registered under Article 36 (2) of the Hazardous

Substance Act, B.E. 2535 that are listed in the

attachment to this notification and relevant to

the case according to this notification are given

registration exceptions.

Volume 121

Special part 118 D



of Industry : Reporting Facts

of Hazardous Substances by

Manufacturers, Importers,

Exporters, and Possessors


the Department of Industrial

Works Year 2004

- Cancels the notification of the Ministry of

Industry on the same issue dated 20 March

2004.

- Sets up principles, methods, and conditions that

manufacturers, importers, exports, or possessors

must report facts relating to hazardous substances

under the responsibility of the Department of

Industrial Works in accordance with the

notification of the Ministry of Industry issued

pursuant to Article 18 (2) of the Hazardous

Substance Act, B.E. 2535.

Volume 121

Special part 118 D





Government Gazette

Order of the Department of

Agriculture No. 1779/2547 :

Management, Destruction,

or Undertaking of Type-4

Hazardous Substances under

the Responsibility of the

Department of Agriculture

(No. 2) Year 2004

- Cancels the order of the Department of

Agriculture No. 1724/2547 dated 5 October 2004.

- If any notifications designate that endosulfan

(except CS formulation) and parathion methyl

are Type-4 hazardous substances under the

responsibility of the Department of Agriculture

in accordance with the notification of the

Ministry of Industry issued pursuant to Article

18 (2) of the Hazardous Substance Act, B.E.

2535 regarding the list of hazardous substances

Volume 121

Special part 118 D


125




of Agriculture and

Cooperatives : Taking

Actions concerning Type-4

Hazardous Substances


the Department of

Agriculture (No. 3) Year 2004

Designates that endosulfan (except CS

formulat ion) and parathion methyl are

hazardous substances pursuant to the

notification on the same issue dated 25 April

2002.

Volume 121

Special part 122 D


Notification of the


Works : List of Prohibited

Hazardous Substances to

be Reported by Hazardous

Substance Importers or

Exporters under the

Responsibility of the


Works Processed through

Computer Signal System

to the Computer Network

System of the Department

of Industrial Work Year 2004

Designates the list of 59 prohibited hazardous

substances that must be informed by importers

and exporters under the responsibility of the

Department of Industrial Works processed through

computer signal system to the computer

network system of the Department of Industrial

Work.

Volume 121

Special part 132 D

Dated 26 November

2004

(No. 2) 2004, possessors of those mentioned

substances must report the possession amount

and deliver them to responsible officers.

126



Notification of the


Works : Principles, Methods,

and Conditions of

Reporting Facts relating to

Hazardous Substances by

Importers or Exporters under

the Responsibility of the


Works (Wor.Or./Or Kor.6)

through Computer Signal

System to the Computer

Network System of the


Work Year 2004

Sets up principles, methods, and conditions of

applying for services, providing services, ceasing

the provision of services, and procedures of

reporting facts by hazardous substance importers

or exporters, membership acceptance, and

acceptance of revelation by hazardous substances

importers or exporters under the responsibility

of the Department of Industrial Works through

Computer Signal System to the Computer

Network System of the Department of Industrial

Work.

Volume 121

Special part 132 D

Dated 26 November

2004

The Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand Act, B.E. 2522

Notification of the Industrial

Estate Authority of Thailand

No. 25/2547 : Disposal of

Waste or Unused Materials

in Industrial Estates

- Cancels the notification of the Industrial Estate

Authority of Thailand No. 58/2544 regarding

the disposal of waste or unused materials in

industrial estates dated 27 December 2001.

- Sets up entrepreneursû working operation

procedures that will cause the waste or

unused materials in industrial estates. The

operation procedures must be taken pursuant

to the Factory Act, B.E. 2535 implied pursuant

to the notification of the Industrial Estate

Authority of Thailand No. 29/2541 regarding

the disposal of waste and unused materials in

industrial estates and the Public Health Act,

B.E. 2535.

Volume 121

Special part 84 D

Dated 28 July 2004




Government Gazette

127



Ministerial Regulation : Principles and Methods of Radioactive Waste Disposal, B.E. 2546

Notification of the Office of

Atomic Energy for Peace :

Obligations and Measures

Issued Pursuant to the

Ministerial Regulation

regarding Principles and

Management of Radio

active Waste Year 2003

Designates that all operation steps in connection

with gathering, separation, classification,

collection, treatment, transformation, discharge,

and disposal including delivery of radioactive

waste must be up to steps described in the

attachment to the notification.

Volume 121

Special part 17 D

Dated 17 February 2004

Ministerial Regulation : Duties of Licensees Importing or Ordering Modern Drug to the KingdomConcerning Pharmaceutical Chemicals that are Active Ingredients or Semi-Ready PharmaceuticalChemicals Composed with some Active Ingredients Year 2004

Notification of Food and

Drug Administration :

Importing Pharmaceutical

Chemicals that are Active

Ingredients or Semi-Ready

Pharmaceutical Chemicals

Composed with some

Active Ingredients to the

Kingdom pursuant to the

Ministerial Regulation and

Determined Inventories Year

2004

Designates that licensees importing or ordering

pharmaceutical chemicals as stipulated by the

Ministerial Regulation must prepare the list of such

imported items and submit it to Food and Drug

Administration.

Volume 121

Special part 86 D

Dated 30 July 2004


Advisor1. Mr. Apichai Chvajarernpun Director General

2. Dr. Supat Wangwongwatana Deputy Director General

3. Mr. Adisak Thongkaimook Deputy Director General

Working Committee1. Dr. Anuphan Ithavatana

2. Mrs. Duangnate Warapetoharayut

3. Ms. Supap Chunhong

4. Ms. Kanjana Suaysom

5. Ms. Suwalak Joosawat

6. Ms. Noochjariya Aransri

7. Mrs. Kanchalee Navickabhum

8. Mr. Palawut Noikeaing

9. Ms. Wanpen Tuanwechayan

10. Ms. Pinida Leelapanang

11. Ms. Suthida Kongpechsatit

12. Ms. Nalin Olapiriyakul

13. Ms. Lakkana Julsaeng

14. Ms. Wassana Jangprajak

15. Mr. Rachain Rachaphila

16. Mr. Manorat Rittem

17. Ms. Prapaisri Asanarattanajinda

18. Ms. Parimase Charoennopakhun

19. Mr. Thanee Charunat

20. Mrs. Duangchai Duangthip

21. Ms. Nawanuh Thongpan

22. Ms. Duangrak Trongmethirat

Compiled byPollution Control Department

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Pollution Control DepartmentMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment

92 Phaholyothin 7 Phaholyothin Road, Samsennai, Phayathai Bangkok, 10400Tel. : 0 2298 2000 Fax : 0 2298 2002

http://www.pcd.go.th(Copyright by Pollution Control Department)

thailand state of pollution report 2004

Documents