thailand health profile 2001 - 2004
DESCRIPTION
Thailand Health Profile 2001 - 2004TRANSCRIPT
-
.. 2544 - 2547
ISBN: 974-465-888-6Website http://www.moph.go.th/ops/health_48
1,000
()
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.. 2544-2547
9 (.. 2545 - 2549) 10 2 13
1 2 3
9 (.. 2545 - .. 2549) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
-
1 1
1. (.. 2325 - .. 2394) 12. 23. (.. 2460 - .. 2472) 34. 4
2 131. 132. 143. 144. 155. 16
3 9 21(.. 2545 - .. 2549)1. 21 9 (.. 2545 - .. 2549)2. 213. 234. : (All for Health) 235. 9 23 (.. 2545 - .. 2549)6. 9 23 (.. 2545 - .. 2549)7. 258. / 9 31
(.. 2545 - .. 2549)9. 32
4 391. 402. 59
-
3. 674. 795. 826. 837. 968. 1149. 12010. 121
5 1671. 1672. 1743. 175
6 2391. 2402. 3043. 3114. 3155. 3196. 332
7 3511. 3512. : 3553. / 3624. 3625. 3696. .. 2540 - .. 2547 383
8 3851. 3852. 3853. 3894. 3925. 3926. 3927. 3938. 395
-
9. 39610. 396
9 4011. (.. 2521- ..2530) 4012. (.. 2531 - .. 2539) 4033. ..2540 4054. 4095. ( .. 2545) 412
10 4151. (World Trade Organization-WTO) 4162. 4203. - GATS 4214. (TRIPS) 4235. 425
11 4291. 4292. 4323. 4344. 4385. 440
12 4411. 4412. 4433. 4444. 447
13 4491. 4492. / 4503. (.. 2543 - 2547) 4534. 4555. 456
461
-
11111
1
1. (.. 2325 - .. 2394) 1 3
1.1 1 ( .. 2325 - .. 2352)
1.2 2 ( .. 2352 - .. 2367)
.. 2359
1.3 3 ( .. 2367 - .. 2394)
.. 2371 5 3 (Dan Beach Bradley) .. 2378 .. 2381
-
22222 .. 2392 (Samuel Reynolds House)
2. 4 6
2.1 4 ( .. 2394 - .. 2411)
3
2.2 5 ( .. 2411 - .. 2453)
.. 2429 .. 2431 .. 2432
- .. 2432 .. 2438
- .. 2439
- .. 2440
- .. 2448 - .. 2450 2
-
33333-
2.3 6 ( .. 2453 - .. 2468)
.. 2454
.. 2455 .. 2457
.. 2459 .. 2459
.. 2460 .. 2461 2
27
.. 2463 .. 2463 8 .. 2465 .. 2466
3. (.. 2460 - .. 2472)
(C.P.H) (cum laude)
-
44444
4.
4.1 7 ( .. 2468 - .. 2477)
.
.
.. 2469 13
4.2 8 ( .. 2477 - .. 2489) .. 2485 .
(3) .. 2485
.. 2485 - 2486 2
4.3 9 ( .. 2489 )4.3.1
-
55555 ..2535 .. 2544 Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute Franklin Delano Roosevelt International Disability Award
(1)
.. 2498
3 .. 2502 20,000
10 18
.. 2502 ..2546 227 60 71 5 4 5 9 .... 20.30
(2) .. 2497
444,600.50 1,558,561 9 .. 2500
-
66666 175,064.75
16 .. 2501 1
(3)
100 1 .. 2535 28 .. 2540
/ 2
.. 2535 .. 2546 37 / 18 19
(4)
.. 2534
-
77777
50
4.3.2 (Lindbergh Award) 16 .. 2538 Charles A andAnne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation
(1)
(2)
(3)
6 12 2547
1. 72 7,200 100,000
2.
-
88888
3. 6 12 2547 72 72
4. 6 12 2547 76
5. 6 12 2547
6. 6 72,000
4.3.3
(1) .. 2499
(2) .. 2506
(3) .. 2510
(4) .. 2512 ..
(5) .. 2516 .. 25 .. 2519 .. .. 2539
(6) .. 2517 1
-
99999.. 2529
(7) .
(7.1) 21 (7.2) 2
. . (7.3)
(7.4)
18 (8) .. 2535 500,000
750,000
.. 2533 21 ..2543 100
4.3.4
(..) 18 .. 2538 WHO/SEARO AWARD (WHO) 19 .. 2546
4.3.5 21 ()
4.3.6
-
1010101010
3
4.3.7 UNESCO
4.3.8 .. 2518
1 .. 2534
-
1111111111
-
1212121212
-
1313131313
2
1. (Continental Southeast Asia)
( 2.1)
2.1
-
1414141414 514,000
3 8,031 5,326 2,705 1,840 865
7
2.
2.1 3 2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.2 3 2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
3. 63,079,765 .. 2546
-
1515151515 99.3
( 94.2) ( 4.6)
( 2.2)
4.
.. 2399 1 (.. 2504 - .. 2509) 9 (.. 2545- .. 2549) (WTO) 1 2538
7.8 3 .. 2529-2533 10.5 .. 2534-2538 8.3 .. 2539-2540 (IMF) 17,200
: .. 2543, , 2545
2.2
94.2%
0.2% 4.6%
0.8% 0.1% 0.1%
-
1616161616 .. 2540 1.7 ..2540
10.8 .. 2541 .. 2542-2543 4 .. 2544 5 .. 2545 ( 2.1) IMF 31 .. 2546 2
2547 2547
7.0 2.4 8.7 5.3
5.
.. 2540 11 2540 3
2.1 .. 2540 - . 2547
: 2546-2547,
: p e
2540 - 1.72541 - 10.82542 4.22543 4.62544 2.1P
2545 5.4p
2546 6.3e
2547 7.0e
.. ()
-
1717171717 (.) (.)
.. 2543 200 2544 (400 ) (Party list) 100
.. 2534 5 (.. 2545) 3 ( 2.3)
5.1 5.1.1 ,
5.1.2
5.1.3 .. 2545 20
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20)
-
1818181818 156
55 ... .. 2545 9
5.2
75 / 795 /81
5.3
4 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4
4 (75 ) (1,129 ) 3 (1 ) (1 ) (6,742 )
-
1919191919
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14
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16
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2020202020
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3
9(.. 2545 - .. 2549)
1. 9 (.. 2545 - .. 2549)
9 8
9 ( 4)
2.
3 3
( 3.1)
-
2222222222 3.1
: 9 (.. 2545 - .. 2549)
3
/
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///
-
2323232323
3.
4. : (All for Health) 9
5. 9(.. 2545 - .. 2549)
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6. 9 (.. 2545 -.. 2549)
9 (.. 2545 - .. 2549)
3.1 9(.. 2545- .. 2549)
1) (1) 15 - 24 (.. 2545) World Bank(2) 2,500 - 8.9 (.. 2545)
7(3) 18 - 13.7 (.. 2546)
-
2424242424
(4) - 77 - 74.9 - 72 - 67.9
2)
(1) 50 - 0.02 (.. 2546)
(2) - (.. 2546) (3) 1 - 0.01 (.. 2546)
(4) 0-5 7 - 8.7 (.. 2546) (5)
- 1 - 0.6 ( 2 .. 2546)
- 1 - 1.1 (.. 2546) (6) 50 - 56.9 (.. 2546)
(7) - 27.7 (.. 2546)
90 (8) 40 - 78.9 (.. 2546)
(9) 20 - 99.56 (.. 2546)
(10) - 42 (.. 2546)
60 (11) - 1,719.49 (.. 2546)
1,000 (12) 1 - 0.64 (.. 2546)
(13) - 7.79 (.. 2546)
10 (14) - 57.7
50 - 59.8 (15) - 36.41 (.. 2544)
33.5
3) (1) 0-5 80 - 71.6 (.. 2542) (2) 60 - 29.1 11
32.8 25.4 (.. 2547) (3) 15 - 21.6 11
21 44.1 2.9 (.. 2546) 4)
(1) - 94.3 (.. 2547)
} (..2543 - ..2548)
}(.. 2543)
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7.2
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2) (1) (2) (3)
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4.
5.
6.
7.
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4.
5.
-
3030303030 3.3 9 9 (.. 2545-
.. 2549)
/
/
-
3131313131
8. / 9 (..2545 -.. 2549)
9 3 13 ( 3.4)
9(.. 2545 - .. 2549)
9
.
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.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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2. 3.
4.
5.
1.
2. 3.
3.4 / 9 (.. 2545 - .. 2549)
.
1.
2.
-
3232323232
9.
.. 2504 1 6 5 3 4
1-9 3.2
3.2 1-9
1(2504 -2509)
GDP 8
2509 800 US$
2(2510 -2514)
1
.. 2508
2 GDP 7.5
1 1 3
-
3333333333
38 9.7 13.3
11 42.3 54.9
3(2515 - 2519)
..2518
2514 US$ 4
GDP 7.1 4.1
20.6 0.3
31,087 3.1 2514 2.6 2519 56
31.5 (2514) 26.1 (2519) 11.6 2 10.9 3 .. 2515 70 1 68.5 2
-
3434343434
4(2520 -2524)
..2543 .. 2522
GDP 7.1 2523 11,464 // 29,949 // 5 5 2
75 4 5 , 0 0 0 7.6 GDP ( 3 13,000 5.1% GDP) 11.6
1/3 70-80
.. 2521 (.) / (.) .. 2520
5(2525 -2529)
(.)
2
85.2 97.9 93.6 93.8 . 126.9 . 119.64
-
3535353535
286
.. 2527
5 -
54 34.9 5.6% 3.6% GDP
- 2.8
12,562
1 ( 3.5 )
232.16
6(2530 - 2534)
GDP 10.5 80 GDP( 60% 2529)
17,000 US$38.5 34 GDP 2531
2.5 2530 6 2534
62.8 64.8
-
3636363636
21,000 2529 41,000 2534 (1) 20%
49.3 2518/2519 55.6 2530 / 2531
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
7(2535 - 2539)
GDP 30 7.8 68,000 2539 17.6
. 12 20% 59.5 (.. 2535)20% 3.8
1.3 ..2539 45.5 1
-
3737373737
97.7 75 32 210,000. 123,400. 97.7
1
80
8(2540 -2544)
.. 2540
71.0 .. 2544
-
3838383838
9(2545 -2549)
5.4 .. 2545
(PCU) 5,946
94.3 .. 2547
: (1) 50 (2) , 9, 2542(3) 8 (.. 2540 - 2544),
(4) : 2 ,
-
3939393939
4
( 4.1)
4.1
/
//
/
//
/
-
4040404040
1.
1.1 3 .. 2540 7
28 .. 2529 ( 4.2) 57 .. 2505 17.0 .. 2539
.. 2540 7 1.7 .. 2540 10.8 .. 2541 ( 4.4) ( 4.2) US$ ( 4.3) 17.0 .. 2539 21.3 .. 2543 .. 2545 15.5 .. 2545 ( 4.5)
4.2 .. 2503 - .. 2546 ()
: : 1. P , e
2. .. 2537
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
2503
2505
2507
2509
2511
2513
2515
2517
2519
2521
2523
2525
2527
2529
2531
2533
2535
2537
2539
2541
2543
2545
2546
2,238
.72,5
09.9
2,779
.43,5
25.7
3,858
.14,0
77.0
4,456
.26,9
29.8
8,160
.611
,044.5
14,26
0.717
,355.5
19,60
6.121
,528.4 28,60
2.4 38,7
86.3 48
,987.1
61,41
4.976
,702.2
75,26
8.279
,702.8 87
,153.7
p
93,30
0.8e
GDP/capita
..
-
4141414141 4.3 US$ .. 2503 - .. 2546
:
4.4
: : P , e
2503
2505
2507
2509
2511
2513
2515
2517
2519
2521
2523
2525
2527
2529
2531
2533
2535
2537
2539
2541
2543
2545
2546
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
100
111 141 154 163 178 277 326 44
2 570 69
4 784 861
1,144
1,552
1,960
2,457
3,068
1,836
1,850 2,0
27P 2,221
e
90
US$
..
0
-5
-10
-15
5
10
15
2504- 2509- 2514- 2519- 2524- 2529- 2534- 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 25472508 2513 2518 2523 2528 2533 2538
7.248.21 7.11 7.27
5.46
10.488.28
5.5
-1.7
-10.8
4.2 4.62.1P
5.4P 6.3e 7.0e
..
-
4242424242 4.5 .. 2505 - .. 2545
: .. 2505/2506 - 2518/2519 , Income, Consumption and Poverty in Thailand,1962/63 to 1975/76... 2531-2545
: 1. 2. .. 2529 - 2545
.. 2540 ( )
2 .. 2540 (IMF) 14 .. 2540 (Globalization) ..2542 4.2 2.1 .. 2544 5.4 6.3 .. 2545 .. 2546 3
2505
/250
6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2511
/251
2
2518
/251
9
2531
2533
2535
2537
2539
2541
2543
2545
..
57
39.0
31.0
44.938.2
32.525.0
17.0 18.8
21.3
15.5
-
4343434343 .. 2547 7.0 ( 4.4)
1.2
( 4.6) .. 2533
3.2 11.1 .. 2541 .. 2542 - 2543 2.0 - 4.9 6 - 12.3 .. 2546 10.3 6.8
: 4/2546,
4.6 .. 2503- .. 2546
14.1
2503
0
..
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2505
2507
2509
2511
2513
2515
2517
2519
2521
2523
2525
2527
2529
2531
2533
2535
2537
2539
2541
2543
2545
2546
13.98
13.72 14.99 15.95 18.14 19.15 19.68 20
.021
.5118
.5522
.91 23.88 25.84 27.16 27.5 28.1
28.3 28.8 29.4 31.2 32.0 33.4 33.9 35.2
17.57
15.66 16.18
12.75 12.3
10.6
11.0
10.9 12.2
10.7
10.3 9.1 9.4 9.7
12.52
39.79
47.72
37.13
33.49 36
.531
.5125
.8925
.36 27.01
26.68
24.5
23.24
21.32
48.77 52
.5349
.78 53.5 58
.1656
.2353
.8453
.64 55.5
55.25 6
0.13
59.52 60.46
57.98 60.09 60.2 61.3
60.7
60.3
58.4
58.1
57.7
57.5
56.7
55.1
1.3 .. 2505
49.8 56.7 .. 2539 7.9 .. 2505 4.2 .. 2539 ( 4.7) ..2537 - .. 2539
-
4444444444 20%
4.2 .. 2539 3.9 .. 2543 20% 56.7 57.6 .. 2544 - .. 2545 14.8 .. 2543 13.4 .. 2545 3 ( 4.1) ( 4.2) ( 4.3)
.. 2545 ( : 2 , ,2546)
4.7 5
: (1) .. 2505 - 2535
(2) .. 2537 - 2545
20% 7.9 6.05 5.41 4.55 4.51 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.2 20% 49.8 49.26 51.47 55.63 55.0 57.3 59.5 57.7 56.7 56.5 58.5 57.6 55.4 56.2 6.3 8.1 9.5 12.2 12.2 14.0 15.6 14.4 13.5 13.5 15.4 14.8 13.2 13.4
2505 2518 2524 2529 2531 2533 2535 2537 2539 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545..
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2505
2518
2524
2529
2531
2533
2535
2537
2539
2541
2543
2545
49.8 49.26 51
.47 55.63
55 57.3 59
.557
.756
.756
.5 58.5
57.6
55.4
56.2
7.9 6.05
5.41
4.55
4.51
4.1 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.2
(1) (1)(1)
(1) (1) (1)(1) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2)
(1)(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) ..
()
20% 20%
-
4545454545 4.1 .. 2505 - .. 2545
..
2505/2506 38 61 572511/2512 16 43 392518/2519 14 35 31
2531 25.2 52.9 44.92533 21.4 45.2 38.22535 14.1 40.3 32.52537 11.7 30.7 25.02539 7.3 21.3 17.02541 7.5 23.7 18.82543 8.7 27.0 21.32545 6.7 19.7 15.5
: .. 2505/2506 - 2518/1519 , Income, Consumption and Poverty in Thailand, 1962/63 to 1975/76.. 2531 - 2545
: .. 2529 - .. 2545
4.2
: 1. Key Indicator 2003: Education for GlobalParticipation, Asian Development Bank, 2003.
2. 1 $ 1 (PPP)
: Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
2542 35.9 2543 34 2545 18.2 2543 8.0 2541 46.0 2543 31.5 2542 8.1 2543 0.0 2543 34.2 2543 12.7 2543 14.2 2543 3.5 2541 37.0 2543 9.1
()
1 $ 1 (PPP)
-
4646464646 4.3 .. 2543
20% 20% ()
57.6 3.9 14.8 48.9 5.1 9.6 54.3 4.4 12.3 41.1 9.0 4.6 52.3 5.4 9.7
: IMD. The World Cpmpetitiveness Yearbook, 2003.
1.4
AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area), APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation), ASEM (ASIA-EuropeMeeting) , 6 NAFTA (North America Free Trade Area), EC (European Community) (World Trade Organization: WTO) (Anti dumping duty :AD) / (Countervailing duty : CVD)
BIMST - EC (Bangladesh-India-Myanmar-Sri LanKa-Thailand Economic Coopera-tion), FEALAC (Forum for East-Asia-Latin America Cooperation) - , - , - , -, -
1.5
79.0 125.1 ( 4.8) 3 0.9
-
4747474747 4.8 .. 2535 - .. 2546
(1)
3.8 GDP ..2523 6.1 ..2545 34.1 65.8 ( 4.9, 6.35 6.48) ..2544 3.51 GDP 58.0 42.0 2
.. 2545 1.6 6.4 ..2535 ( 4.10) .. 2543 - 2545 .. 2544
( 4.4 4.11)
: - - -
: = ( / GDP) x 100 = X 100
2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 254645
60
75
90
105
120
135 1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.87
1.01.07
1.131.05 1.04
0.720.78
0.85 0.85 0.880.95
79.0 80.482.9
90.8
85.1
95.0102.2 104.3
125.3 125.7 122.2 125.1
..
-
4848484848 4.9 .. 2523 - .. 2545
: 6.50 6
2523
2525
2527
2529
2531
2533
2535
2537
2539
2541
2543
2545
10,00030,00050,00070,00090,000
110,000130,000150,000170,000190,000210,000230,000250,000270,000290,000310,000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1.812.09
2.49
1.651.67 1.71
2.21
2.27
2.08
1.98
1.821.98
1.77
1.63
1.45
1.341.51
1.57
1.621.8
23.82
4.18
4.144.47
5.29
5.615.83
5.825.77
5.66
5.74
5.54
5.585.81
5.51
5.43
5.585.96
5.976.13
6.096.26
6.12
GDP () GDP ()
..
-
4949494949 4.10 .. 2535 - .. 2545
.. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 10
2535 8.17 4.82 3.74 3.65 2.87 2.57 2.45 1.99 1.64 1.27 6.42537 7.56 4.75 4.49 3.60 3.26 3.03 2.53 2.32 2.03 1.26 6.02539 5.46 4.58 3.32 3.16 2.93 2.52 2.36 1.97 1.57 1.10 5.02541 4.22 3.07 2.95 2.90 2.59 2.43 1.94 2.00 1.57 1.23 3.42543 4.58 3.67 3.29 2.78 2.38 2.22 2.06 1.68 1.55 1.27 3.62545 2.77 2.59 2.14 1.90 2.20 1.98 1.74 1.92 1.83 1.71 1.6
: , , .. 2545,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
3
6
9
2.772.59
2.14 1.90 2.20 1.98 1.74 1.92 1.641.10
5.464.82
8.17
4.583.74
3.32
3.65
3.162.932.87
2.52
2.572.45
2.361.991.97 1.83
1.571.711.27
2535
2539
2545
-
5050505050 4.4
.. 2536 - .. 2545 ( .. 2536 = 100)
..
2536 100.0 100.0 100.02537 110.0 104.4 119.82538 119.9 112.3 146.82539 124.8 120.1 164.92540 121.4 124.6 177.92541 109.8 112.8 147.12542 109.7 115.8 161.42543 114.7 120.2 178.42544 117.7 126.8 200.22545 124.1 130.9 204.9
2.43 3.03 8.29 ( 10 )
: 6.50 6: .. 2536 100
-
5151515151
: 4.4 4: .. 2536 100
4.11 .. 2536 - .. 2545 ( .. 2536 = 100)
(2) /
6.7 .. 2514 20.5 .. 2539 ..2535 - 2539 .. 2540 21
(4.5 4.6) ( 4.7) (2546) 50 50 ( 4.8) .. 2544
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545..100
104.4112.3
120.1 121.4109.8 109.7 114.7
117.7124.1110.0
119.9124.8 124.6
112.8 115.8120.2
126.8 130.9
119.8
146.8
164.9
177.9
147.1
161.4
178.4
200.2204.9
-
5252525252 4.5 () 2535 - 2546
./. / . / . / / / .
2535 11.21 19.00 22.26 52.472536 12.02 + 7.2 21.01 + 10.6 23.63 + 6.2 56.66 + 8.02537 12.61 + 4.9 23.60 + 12.3 27.74 + 17.4 63.95 + 12.92538 14.62 + 15.9 26.18 + 10.9 32.43 + 16.9 73.23 + 14.52539 15.49 + 6.0 28.00 + 7.0 35.39 + 9.1 78.88 + 7.72540 16.78 + 8.3 29.57 + 5.6 41.53 + 17.3 87.88 + 11.42541 18.15 + 8.2 33.93 + 14.7 44.54 + 7.2 96.62 + 9.92542 19.41 + 6.9 36.71 + 8.2 46.86 + 5.2 102.98 + 6.62543 20.44 + 5.3 40.16 + 9.4 51.80 + 10.5 112.40 + 9.12546 23.03 + 12.7 43.70 + 8.8 62.39 + 20.4 129.12 + 14.9
: : 2544 - 2545
4.6 () 2535 - 2546
2535 1.66 + 17.8 1.79 + 9.4 3.78 + 12.52536 2.00 + 0.5 + 16.6 1.89 + 5.6 + 9.0 3.89 + 11.8 + 2.92537 2.08 + 4.0 + 16.5 2.13 +12.7 + 9.0 4.21 + 11.6 + 8.22538 2.35 +13.0 + 16.1 2.24 + 5.2 + 8.6 4.59 + 11.3 + 9.02539 2.46 + 4.7 + 15.9 2.39 + 6.7 + 8.5 4.85 + 11.2 + 5.72540 2.56 + 4.1 + 15.3 2.44 + 2.1 + 8.3 5.00 + 10.8 + 3.12541 2.59 + 1.2 + 14.3 2.85 +16.8 + 8.4 5.44 + 10.4 + 8.82542 2.62 + 1.2 + 13.5 2.82 - 1.1 + 7.7 5.44 + 9.7 0.02543 2.56 - 2.3 + 12.5 2.92 + 3.5 + 7.3 5.48 + 9.0 + 0.72544 2.74 + 7.0 + 12.1 3.17 + 8.6 + 7.1 5.91 + 8.8 + 7.82545 2.41 - 12.0 + 8.7 2.76 - 12.9 + 4.1 5.17 + 5.5 -12.5 2546 2.50 + 3.7 + 10.9 2.89 + 4.7 + 6.6 5.39 + 8.1 + 4.3
:
./. /
/.
/
.
/./.
/
.
-
5353535353 4.7 () ()
2534 - 2545
2534 257 2.24 8,716 0.50 1,946 +22.32535 268 2.52 9,403 0.64 2,388 +25.42536 263 2.82 10,722 0.67 2,548 +23.72537 322 3.79 11,770 0.85 2,640 +22.42538 357 4.29 12,017 0.97 2,717 +22.62539 358 4.95 13,827 1.63 4,553 +32.92540 358 4.45 12,430 1.58 4,413 +35.52541 373 5.17 13,860 1.62 4,343 +31.32542 374 4.58 12,246 1.47 3,930 +32.12543 331 4.14 12,507 1.48 4,471 +35.72544 323 4.97 15,387 1.71 5,294 +34.42545 320 4.03 12,594 1.54 4,812 +38.2
: , : 1.
2. 5
.
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(//)
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5454545454 4.8 .. 2539 - .. 2543
.. 2539- () 70,953 23,454 66,880 137,866 276,785 - 9.1 - 32.8- () 6,305 2,018 5,857 12,251 26,238 < 50
.. 2540- () 70,024 22,086 65,750 141,308 283,699 + 8.3 - 16.9- () 6,250 2,015 6,828 11,685 23,037 51-100
.. 2541- () 65,096 20,605 67,897 131,958 256,849 + 3.2 - 24.0- () 5,017 1,605 5,643 9,990 18,678 101-200
.. 2542- () 67,409 19,838 73,608 140,495 267,076 - 10.6 - 25.7- () 4,564 1,330 5,397 9,050 17,272 > 200
.. 2543- () 66,407 20,070 71,184 145,799 253,485 - 5.2 - 26.9- () 4,569 1,353 5,671 8,875 17,121
>>>>200
/
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.. 2540 ..2543
: , (.. 2539-2544), 2546
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11 2540 - 2543 ( ) 440.1 .. 2540 519.6 .. 2544 ( 5 )
(4) 7.7 .. 2544 7.6 .. 2547 ( 7)
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-
5656565656 4.9
.. 2546
CT
(2539) 69.7 (2533) 26.9 (2540) 14.6 (2540) 9.7 (2533) 6.3 (2538) 2.0 (2541)* 3.9 (2542) 4.5 (2546)* 4.2. (2531) 10.0. (2537) 15.7. (2541) 14.8. (2542) 15.9. (2546)* 13.3 (2542) 3.3 (2546)* 3.1
: , : , 2543*
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1,587 .. 2537 1,802 .. 2540 2,265 .. 2543 13.5 25.7 17 .. 2541 50 ( .. 2541, )
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34.7 (..2546) 54.1 15.6 15.8 2.6 0.7
(6.2.1) 1 2546 9.8 28.4 10 2 .. 2519 4.7 .. 2536 .. 2537 3.0 .. 2546 44.9 100,000 .. 2522 11.19 100,000 ..2546 ( 4.10) ( 4.12) 1.3 100,000 4 100,000 ( , , 2539)
1
-
5858585858 4.10 / .. 2517 - ..2546
2517 272,848 3,200 1.2 95 34.8 - - 401 146.9 2,704 991.02518 349,814 4,605 1.3 2519 496,700 10,136 2.0 2520 570,000 15,335 2.7 2521 590,640 19,134 3.2 209 35.4 9 1.5 1,119 18.9 17,797 3,013.22522 659,041 24,370 3.7 296 44.9 8 1.2 1,104 16.8 22,962 3,484.12523 745,513 25,334 3.4 294 39.4 13 1.7 1,191 16.0 23,836 3,197.32524 797,270 27,723 3.5 314 39.4 10 1.3 1,275 16.0 26,124 3,276.72525 824,565 28,323 3.4 279 33.8 14 1.7 1,085 131.2 26,945 3,267.82526 873,059 33,213 3.8 272 31.2 5 0.6 514 62.3 32,422 3,713.62527 994,190 39,182 3.9 315 31.7 20 2.0 1,305 131.3 37,542 3,776.12528 1,091,318 39,119 3.7 315 28.9 18 1.7 1,159 106.2 37,627 3,447.82529 1,179,812 37,445 3.2 285 24.2 10 0.8 978 82.9 36,172 3,065.92530 1,232,555 42,811 3.5 315 25.6 10 0.8 1,158 93.9 41,328 3,353.02531 1,346,203 48,912 3.6 282 20.9 7 0.5 1,179 87.6 47,444 3,524.32532 1,661,651 62,766 3.8 373 22.5 15 0.9 1,582 95.2 60,796 3,658.82533 1,826,995 80,065 4.5 640 35.0 30 1.6 1,509 82.6 77,886 4,263.12534 2,751,868 102,273 3.9 581 21.1 9 0.3 2,141 77.8 99,542 3,617.32535 3,020,415 131,800 4.4 740 24.5 15 0.5 2,010 66.5 129,035 4,272.12536 3,355,805 156,543 4.7 980 29.2 10 0.3 5,436 161.9 150,122 4,473.52537 4,248,414 186,394 4.4 863 20.3 23 0.5 4,548 107.0 180,960 4,259.52538 4,903,736 216,525 4.4 940 19.2 17 0.4 5,469 111.5 209,909 4,280.62539 5,425,422 245,616 4.5 962 17.73 18 0.3 5,042 92.93 239,574 4,416.12540 6,084,822 230,376 3.8 1,033 16.97 29 0.4 5,272 86.64 224,042 3,681.92541 5,418,182 186,445 3.4 784 14.47 19 0.3 3,692 68.14 181,956 3,358.12542 5,679,567 172,087 3.0 627 11.04 14 0.2 3,437 60.51 168,009 2,958.12543 5,417,041 179,566 3.3 620 11.45 16 0.3 3,516 64.91 175,414 3,238.22544 5,884,652 189,621 3.2 607 10.31 20 0.3 3,510 59.65 185,484 3,152.02545 6,541,105 190,979 2.9 650 9.94 14 0.2 3,424 52.54 186,891 2,857.22546 7,033,907 210,673 3.0 787 11.19 17 0.2 3,821 54.32 206,048 2,929.35
..
()
%
()
()
()
()
:
-
5959595959 4.12 .. 2517 - .. 2546
:
(6.2.2) 2 2546 24.8 71.6 2.8 .. 2542 33.2 .. 2545 ( .. 2542 .. 2545, )
7. ( 10)
2.
2.1 ... .. 2542 20 .. 2542
12 6 3 3 6 9 10 - 12 ( 4.11)
2
2517
2520
2523
2526
2529
2532
2535
2538
2541
2544
2546
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
1
2
3
4
5
..
10
0,000
( 100 )
1.21.3
2.73.235.4
44.9
3.739.4
3.4
3.5
3.4
39.4 3.8 3.9 3.7
3.2
3.5 3.63.8
4.5
3.94.4
4.7
4.4 4.4
4.5
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3.0
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2.9
3.0
11.199.94
10.31
11.45
11.04
14.4716.97
17.73
19.220.3
29.224.5
21.1
35
22.520.9
25.6
24.228.9
31.7
31.2
33.8
-
5959595959 4.12 .. 2517 - .. 2546
:
(6.2.2) 2 2546 24.8 71.6 2.8 .. 2542 33.2 .. 2545 ( .. 2542 .. 2545, )
7. ( 10)
2.
2.1 ... .. 2542 20 .. 2542
12 6 3 3 6 9 10 - 12 ( 4.11)
2
2517
2520
2523
2526
2529
2532
2535
2538
2541
2544
2546
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
1
2
3
4
5
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10
0,000
( 100 )
1.21.3
2.73.235.4
44.9
3.739.4
3.4
3.5
3.4
39.4 3.8 3.9 3.7
3.2
3.5 3.63.8
4.5
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4.7
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11.45
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17.73
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29.224.5
21.1
35
22.520.9
25.6
24.228.9
31.7
31.2
33.8
-
6060606060
WHO/SEAR WHO/SEAR 105.0 82.01 96.0 59.71 92.0 55.01 87.0 54.61 86.0 47.0 83.0 44.0 82.0 35.0 70.0 31.0 16.01 5.01 NA NAASEAN ASEAN 95.0 81.91 94.0 75.61 93.0 69.0 92.0 65.0 91.41 56.0 87.91 55.01 86.0 47.0 86.0 35.0 83.0 31.0 82.0 21.0 1-10 1-10 102.0 101.0 101.0 99.0 101.0 98.0 101.0 95.0 101.0 95.0 101.0 95.0 100.0 92.0 100.0 90.0 100.0 88.0 100.0 88.0
4.11 .. 2544/2545
.. 2544/2545 .. 2544/2545 () ()
: Human Development Report, 2002-2004.: 1. .. 2541
2.
-
6161616161
2.2 2.2.1
15 78.6 .. 2513 95 .. 2540 ( 4.13) 95.7 .. 2544 ( 74.5) 10 1 3 4.3 .. 2544 .. 2553 15 97
: (1) .. 2513, 2523, 2533 2543 (2) .. 2537 - .. 2540 .. 2544 UNDP, Human Development Report, 1997-2003(3) UNESCO, Principal Regional Office for Asia and Pacific, Literacy in Asia And the Pacific.
4.13 15 .. 2513 - .. 2553
3 UNDP, Human Development Report, 2003
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2513
2523
2533
2537
2538
2539
2540
2543
2544
2553
21.412.8
6.9
78.687.2
93.1 97.0e
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(1)(1)
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(2)(2)(2)(2) (2) (3)
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..
-
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61.2 2.99 67.49 38.8 - -
74.4 5.94 69.28 54.7 1.67 64.79
57.7 2.18 65.10 64.8 3.83 68.97
6 - 9 77.4 NA NA10 - 14 90.0 1.28 68.9915 - 24 80.4 3.47 79.6725 - 59 54.3 2.84 59.2860 24.4 4.43 84.72
35.4 61.2 2.99 ( 4.12)
4.12 6 .. 2546
//
1
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1 1
: 1 .. 2546, 2 .. 2544,
: 1 6 2 10
-
63636363632.2.2
58.7 .. 2546 ( 4.13) .. 2545 50 ( 4.14)
2535 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546
57.1 60.0 61.7 65.2 65.4 66.4 67.5 68.6 70.0 36.5 41.0 42.2 45.3 46.9 48.1 49.4 50.8 52.9
41.0 48.2 49.4 50.9 52.1 54.1 52.4 53.2 58.6 36.2 38.6 40.7 43.3 43.5 45.0 46.6 48.2 49.9 39.6 44.1 45.0 48.6 51.0 51.7 54.8 55.7 56.5 43.6 47.5 48.5 52.6 53.8 54.3 56.3 58.7 58.7 61.6 64.8 66.8 72.5 72.1 72.6 73.1 73.7 75.7
42.3 47.1 48.5 51.8 53.0 54.1 55.3 56.6 58.7
4.13 .. 2535 - .. 2546 :
: ( 3) ,
: 5-6
4.14 11-24 .. 2545
- 41.3 42.7 33.7 38.5 45.5 48.0 30.3 37.4(6.4 )
- 29.2 34.1 27.0 31.4 29.6 34.3 18.0 49.4(4 )
- 82.4 89.9 78.2 94.3 95.3 92.1 75.0 64.0- 1.5 2.1 1.1 2.9 1.3 0.9 2.3 0.5- 16.1 8.0 20.7 2.8 3.4 7.0 22.7 35.5
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:
.
-
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15 6.6 .. 2539 7.8 .. 2546 ( 4.15) .. 2546 63.8 .. 2563 39.9 11.9 .. 2546 22.5 .. 2563 (4.16) 4.15 .. 2539 - .. 2546
: 2543 2546, : .. 2546
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2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546e
15 - 21 8.8 9.0 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.815 - 59 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.960 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9
(15 ) 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8
2.3 2.3.1
( 4.14)
4.14 2537 - 2546
: ,
100100
90
80
70
95.7
91.5
84.9
96.2
94.5
87.3
92.592.2
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92.8
91.2
86.0
88.3
83.3
82.1
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80.7
89.9
82.5
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88.2
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82.0
80.8
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2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
-
6565656565 4.16 .. 2538 - .. 2563
: (1) .. 2538-2546 .. 2538-2546 3, (2) .. 2553-2563 ,
: * .. 2538-2543
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..2538(1) 2540(1) 2542(1) 2544(1) 2545(1) 2546(1) 2553(2) 2563(2)
78.0 75.2 69.8 66.3 65.6 63.8 55.9 39.9 8.9 10.1 12.0 12.7 13.0 13.7 14.7 14.6 3.3 3.6 5.0 6.2 6.8 7.2 8.7 14.3 4.7* 4.8* 5.0* 3.4* 3.3* 3.3* 6.6 8.7 5.1 6.2 8.2 11.3 11.3 11.9 14.1 22.5
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2.3.2
12 42.9 ( 4.15)
4.15 2529- 2540 2535-2546
: ,
0200,000400,000
800,000600,000
1,000,0001,200,0001,400,000
2529 2534 2537 2540
1,344,302
1,108,376
639,828 456,261
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1,000,0001,200,0001,400,000 1,191,684
962,475 764,866
510,787
2535 2540 2543 2546
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9 64.3%
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: , : 1. .. 2544
- .. 2545 3 2. .. 2543 - .. 2546
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3. 2546 34.0 48.8* 44.5 39.1
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6767676767 4.16
.. 2538 - .. 2547
: , : 5
3.
3.1 14.4
.. 2513 79.2 .. 2544 ( 4.17) ( 4.18) 3.2 .. 2513 0.8 .. 2544 0.53 .. 2563 ( 4.19) ..2568 72.3 ( 4.20) 0-14 ( 4.21) ..2553 ( 4.22) (4.23)
20
15
10
5
02538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546
..
6.47
7.5
11
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11.67
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6.8
9.75
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7
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7.0
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9.8
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16.8
11.011.2
11.8
15.216.2
17.8
8.8
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2547
10.411.011.414.214.8
18.0
-
6767676767 4.16
.. 2538 - .. 2547
: , : 5
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3.1 14.4
.. 2513 79.2 .. 2544 ( 4.17) ( 4.18) 3.2 .. 2513 0.8 .. 2544 0.53 .. 2563 ( 4.19) ..2568 72.3 ( 4.20) 0-14 ( 4.21) ..2553 ( 4.22) (4.23)
20
15
10
5
02538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546
..
6.47
7.5
11
16.2
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8.259.49.25
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7
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11.2
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16.5
2547
10.411.011.414.214.8
18.0
-
6868686868 4.17 .. 2544
:
4.18 .. 2507 - 2573
:
100
80
60
40
20
02513 3 4 5 6 7 8
..
79.275.172.068.059.0
36.8
14.4
..
76543210
6.3
4.9
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1.9 1.81.73e 1.71e 1.70e
2507
-2508
2517
-2519
2521
2524
2527
2530
2535
-2539
2534
2540
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2553
2563
2573
-
6969696969 4.19 .. 2513 - .. 2563
: (1) .. 2513 , 2513(2) 3 - 8 (3) .. 2553 - .. 2563 .. 2533- ..2563,
4.20 .. 2568
: .. 2543 - .. 2568
: .. 2546
3.53
2.52
1.51
0.50
3.2
2.52.1
1.71.4
1.10.8 0.87e
0.53e
..
2513
3
4
5
6
7
8
2553
2563
77747168656259565350
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
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2553
2557
2563
2568
2541
2543
2546
2547
2549
2551
2555
2558
2559
2561
2565
2567
56.6 57.3 58.1 58.9 59.6
55.8
62.2 63.167.0
69.170.8 72.3
()
..
-
7070707070
4.21 .. 2480 - ..2568
: - .. 2480, 2490, 2503, 2513, 2523, 2533 2543
- .. 2553, 2563 2568 .. 2543 - .. 2568
4.22 .. 2480 - .. 2568
: - .. 2480, 2490, 2503, 2513, 2523, 2533 2543
- .. 2553- .. 2568 .. 2543- .. 2568,
80706050403020100
2480
2490
2503
2513
2523
2533
2543
2553
2563
2568
52.7
42.4
4.8
53.5
42.3
4.2
52.4
43.1
4.5
50
45.1
4.8
56.2
38.3
5.4
62.2
30.6
7.2
66.1
24.3
9.5 11.7
21.2
67.1 64.3 62.1
18.9
16.8
19.9
18.0
..
0-14 15-59 60
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2480
2490
2503
2513
2523
2543
2553
2563
2568
2533
7.8 7.8 8.8 9.8 9.711.6 14.4 17.4 26.1 28.9
79.1 81.1 82.790.3
68.1
46.136.8 31.7 29.6
32.2
86.8 86.891.5
100.1
77.8
57.751.2 49.1
55.761.1
..
0-14
-
7171717171 4.23 .. 2503, .. 2533, .. 2543, .. 2553, . 2563 .. 2568
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
70+
0-4
15-19
30-34
45-49
60-64
70+
0-4
15-19
30-34
45-49
60-64
70+
0-4
15-19
30-34
45-49
60-64
.. 2563
.. 2543
.. 2503
.. 2568
.. 2553
.. 2533
70+
0-4
15-19
30-34
45-49
60-64
70+
0-4
15-19
30-34
45-49
60-64
70+
0-4
15-19
30-34
45-49
60-64
-
7272727272 4.23 .. 2503, .. 2533, .. 2543, .. 2553, . 2563, .. 2568
()
: - .. 2503, .. 2533 .. 2543 , - .. 2553, .. 2563 .. 2568 .. 2543 - .. 2568,
- United Nations (1999). World Population Prospects: The 1998 Revision, Volume II : Sex and age.
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
70+
60-64
45-49
30-34
15-19
0-4
70+
60-64
45-49
30-34
15-19
0-4
70+
60-64
45-49
30-34
15-19
0-4
-
7373737373
3.2
3.5 .. 2545 .. 2563 3.09 ( 4.24) 16.1 .. 2539 26.1 .. 2545 (, )
4.24 .. 2563
: - .. 2503 - .. 2543 , - .. 2544 - .. 2545 - .. 2553 - .. 2563 ,
10.5 .. 2537 24.6 .. 2546 .. 2537 492,683 .. 2537 328,356 .. 2546 ( ) .. 2545 3-5 / / 53.3 28.6 3-5 39.3 .. 2535 76.75 .. 2546 ( 4.25)
8
6
4
2
0
2503
2513
2523
2533
2543
2553
2563
2544
2545
..
5.6 5.7 5.24.4
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.4e 3.09e
-
7474747474
3.2.1 2,408 14 ..2545 62.8 47.9 27.8 23.0 36.1 32.7 27.3 15-49 2 ( ) 2,816 .. 2543 23 34 ( 4.18)
: ,
4.25 3-5 .. 2535 - .. 2546
9080706050403020100
39.3
45.8 49.156.9 60.25
68.6379.55
74.84 74.29 72.51 71.2376.75
2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546
..
-
7575757575 4.18 .. 2543
1. 4 - 20 25 16 14- 17 25 21 25- 25 29 27 31- 32 35 30 36
2. 4 - 6 7 11 15- 35 49 52 63
3. - 12 15 10 10
: , , 2546
3.2.2 1-18 .. 2544 9,488 6 63 6-18 ( 4.19) 0-15 .. 2545 25,871 36.8 (9,523 25,871 )
()
()
()
()
-
7676767676
2536 5,605 30.33 2,141 51.302537 5,748 31.19 2,200 49.112538 5,736 31.22 2,311 51.602539 5,896 32.25 2,504 53.502540 6,049 33.38 2,624 53.832541 6,341 35.15 2,619 51.472542 6,262 35.00 2,652 50.332543 6,096 34.42 2,896 53.412544 6,151 35.11 2,804 49.942545 6,110 35.24 2,884 49.332546 6,192 35.71 2,991 51.16
4.20 .. 2536 - .. 2546
..
100,000 100,000
:
- 7.1 - 4.6 7.5- 29.9 - 62.9 58.7- 43.1 - 28.3 27.2- 15.1 - 3.7 6.1- 4.8 - 0.5 0.5
4.19 .. 2544
1-
-
7777777777
3.3
31.13 .. 2543 .. 2563 38 ( 4.26)
4.26
: .. 2543 - 2568,
.. 2540 .. 2540 37.2 13.4 .. 2545 33.0 19.2 ( 4.22)
100
80
60
40
20
02543 25632548 2553 2558
31.13 32.55 34.2736.14 38.00
68.87 67.45 65.73 63.86 62.00
..
-
7878787878 4.21 .. 2535 - ..2545
(Mega city)
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.6 30.3 23.1 13.2 10.9 14.7
.. 2535 15.5 NA NA NA NA NA.. 2537 15.0 78.4 9.8 10.0 6.9 14.4.. 2540 13.4 74.1 10.5 8.8 5.9 15.9.. 2545 19.2 67.0 21.1 14.1 9.6 18.6
1 0.7 2.7 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.6 28.4 - 29.8 31.4 28.2 40.5
.. 2535 32.2 NA NA NA NA NA.. 2537 33.4 - 28.2 38.1 47.0 20.9.. 2540 37.2 - 32.0 39.6 55.5 20.3.. 2545 33.0 - 24.9 38.0 47.2 24.3
1 2.1 - 0.6 2.4 3.8 1.4
-
: .. 2535, 2537, 2540 2545 , : 1
-
7979797979
3.4
61,056 .. 2533 202,296 .. 2538 147,769 .. 2546 ( ) .. 2546 1,269,074 ( 31 2547) 905,881 ( 71.4) 181,614 ( 14.3) 181,579 ( 14.3) 55,000 - 127,000 ()
3
4.UNDP (United Nation Development Program)
Human Development Index : HDI () .. 2533 74 (HDI = 0.715) 173 4 .. 2538 74 .. 2533 59 174 (HDI = 0.838) 3 ( 4.22) HDI
.. 2541-2545 (HDI = 0.745-0.768) 59 66-76 174 4 10 ( 4.22)
-
7979797979
3.4
61,056 .. 2533 202,296 .. 2538 147,769 .. 2546 ( ) .. 2546 1,269,074 ( 31 2547) 905,881 ( 71.4) 181,614 ( 14.3) 181,579 ( 14.3) 55,000 - 127,000 ()
3
4.UNDP (United Nation Development Program)
Human Development Index : HDI () .. 2533 74 (HDI = 0.715) 173 4 .. 2538 74 .. 2533 59 174 (HDI = 0.838) 3 ( 4.22) HDI
.. 2541-2545 (HDI = 0.745-0.768) 59 66-76 174 4 10 ( 4.22)
-
8080808080
4.22
(Hum
an D
evelop
ment
Index
)
..
2533
- .
. 254
5
/
.. 25
33
/.
. 2538
/
.. 25
41
/.
. 2542
/
.. 25
43
/.
. 2544
/
.. 25
45
WHO/
SEAR
WHO/
SEAR
WHO/
SEAR
WHO/
SEAR
WHO/
SEAR
WHO/
SEAR
WHO/
SEAR
74
10.7
15
591
0.838
76
10.7
45
661
0.757
70
10.7
62
741
0.768
76
10.7
68
86
20.6
63
90
20.7
16
84
20.7
33
81
30.7
35
89
20.9
41
99
30.7
30
96
30.7
40
1124
0.497
95
30.6
83
893
0.725
77
20.7
39
843
0.743
86
20.7
51
842
0.752
108
30.5
15
9 64
0.679
109
40.6
70
1024
0.677
110
40.6
84
1124
0.682
111
40.6
92
123
50.3
90
131
50.4
81
125
50.5
85
118
60.5
51
127
50.5
52
131
60.5
49
132
60.5
51
134
60.3
09
139
60.4
51
128
60.5
63
115
50.5
71
124
60.5
77
127
50.5
90
127
50.5
95
159
90.1
50
155
90.3
47
142
70.4
83
130
80.4
71
140
80.4
94
136
70.5
11
134
70.5
36
152
80.1
70
152
80.3
51
144
80.4
74
129
70.4
8
142
70.4
90
143
90.4
99
140
90.5
04
1477
0.189
147
70.3
71
1469
0.461
132
90.4
7
1459
0.478
139
80.5
02
1388
0.509
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-AS
EAN
ASEA
NAS
EAN
ASEA
NAS
EAN
ASEA
NAS
EAN
43
10.8
49
281
0.896
24
10.8
81
261
0.876
25
10.8
85
281
0.884
25
10.9
02
44
20.8
47
35
20.8
80
32
20.8
48
32
20.8
57
32
20.8
56
31
20.8
72
33
20.8
67
573
0.790
60
40.8
34
613
0.772
56
30.7
74
593
0.782
58
30.7
90
593
0.793
74
40.7
15
593
0.838
76
40.7
45
664
0.757
70
40.7
62
744
0.768
76
40.7
68
92
50.6
03
98
60.6
77
77
50.7
44
70
50.7
49
77
50.7
54
85
50.7
51
83
50.7
53
1157
0.472
122
70.5
60
1086
0.671
101
60.6
82
1096
0.688
109
60.6
88
1126
0.691
108
60.5
15
9 65
0.679
109
70.6
70
1027
0.677
110
70.6
84
1127
0.682
111
70.6
92
123
80.3
90
131
80.4
81
125
80.5
85
118
80.5
51
127
80.5
52
131
80.5
49
132
80.5
51
148
100.1
86
140
100.4
22
136
90.5
12
121
90.5
41
130
90.5
43
130
90.5
56
130
90.5
68
1419
0.246
136
90.4
65
14010
0.484
131
100.4
76
14310
0.485
135
100.5
25
13510
0.534
1
-10
1
-10
1
-10
1
-10
1
-10
1
-10
1
-10
11
0.983
1
10.9
60
11
0.935
1
10.9
39
11
0.942
1
10.9
44
11
0.956
2
20.9
82
2
20.9
46
22
0.934
2
20.9
36
2
20.9
41
22
0.942
22
0.946
3
30.9
79
33
0.943
33
0.929
3
30.9
29
33
0.940
33
0.941
3
30.9
46
44
0.978
44
0.943
4
40.9
29
4
40.9
36
44
0.939
4
40.9
39
4
40.9
43
5
50.9
77
55
0.942
5
50.9
27
55
0.935
5
50.9
39
5
50.9
38
5
50.9
42
6
60.9
76
66
0.942
66
0.926
66
0.934
66
0.939
6
60.9
37
66
0.942
7
70.9
72
7
70.9
41
77
0.925
7
70.9
32
77
0.936
77
0.937
7
70.9
41
8
80.9
71
8
80.9
40
8
80.9
25
8
80.9
31
8
80.9
35
88
0.937
88
0.939
99
0.970
9
90.9
39
9
90.9
24
9
90.9
28
9
90.9
33
9
90.9
32
9
90.9
38
1
010
0.964
1010
0.936
10
100.9
18
1010
0.925
10
100.9
30
1010
0.932
10
100.9
36
: H
uman
Devel
opment
Repor
t, 1993
-2004.
-
8181818181 .. 2537 UNDP (Human Poverty
Index : HPI) 40 .. 2538 HPI = 11.9 ( 4.23)
HPI (HPI =18.7) HPI 13.1 .. 2545 ( 4.23)
: Human Development Report, 1998-2004.: .. 2538 HDI HPI
HPI HDI
4.23 .. 2538 - .. 2545
/.. 2538
HDI
/.. 2540
/.. 2542
/.. 2545
WHO/SEAR WHO/SEAR WHO/SEAR WHO/SEAR 59 1 11.9 29 1 18.7 21 1 14 22 2 13.1 96 2 20.2 46 4 27.7 38 4 21.3 35 3 17.8 139 5 35.9 59 6 35.9 55 6 34.3 48 6 31.4 - - - - - - - - - - - - 90 3 20.6 33 2 20.4 31 3 18 36 4 18.2 - - - 43 3 25.4 25 2 15.8 17 1 11.4 131 4 27.5 55 5 32.3 43 5 28 45 5 25.4 155 6 44.9 70 7 41.8 - - - - - - - - - 85 9 51.9 77 8 44.2 69 7 41.2 - - - 73 8 43.3 73 7 43.3 72 8 42.2ASEAN ASEAN ASEAN ASEAN 28 1 6.5 - - - - - - 6 1 6.3 - - - 18 1 14.2 13 1 10.9 - - - 59 2 11.9 29 3 18.7 21 2 14.0 22 2 13.1 98 3 17.7 20 2 16.3 23 3 14.7 28 3 15.0 96 4 20.2 46 4 27.7 38 4 21.3 35 4 17.8 - - - - - - - - - - - - 122 5 26.1 51 5 28.7 45 6 29.1 41 5 20.0 131 6 27.5 55 6 32.3 43 5 28 45 6 25.4 140 8 39.9 - - - 78 8 45 74 8 42.6 136 7 39.4 66 7 38.9 66 7 39.9 66 7 40.3
-
8282828282 .. 2545 (UNDP)
(Human Achievement Index: HAI) 8 HDI (HAI = 0.6163) ( 4.24)
5.
5.1
.. 2546 43.7 33.5
( 4.25)
4.24 .. 2546
0.6163 1 0.7175 1 0.6731 2 0.7060 2 0.6627 3 0.7006 3 0.6429 4 0.6804 4 0.6352 5 0.6788 5 0.6259 6 0.6178 7 0.5868 8 0.5379
HAI HAI HAI HAI
: 2546,
-
8383838383 4.25 .. 2544
( : )
( : )
( : )
- / 3.2 2.7 2.9- 2.0 1.7 1.9- , 1.7 1.8 1.8- 1.8 1.7 1.7- 1.6 1.5 1.6- 1.7 1.5 1.6- 1.5 1.5 1.5- / 1.5 1.4 1.4
: .. 2544, : 10
5.2 15-20 14
2,177 .. 2546 1-2 39.4 76.2
6.
6.1
..2475 16 2540 11 .. 2540 11 9 53 68 4
6.1.1
2544
-
8383838383 4.25 .. 2544
( : )
( : )
( : )
- / 3.2 2.7 2.9- 2.0 1.7 1.9- , 1.7 1.8 1.8- 1.8 1.7 1.7- 1.6 1.5 1.6- 1.7 1.5 1.6- 1.5 1.5 1.5- / 1.5 1.4 1.4
: .. 2544, : 10
5.2 15-20 14
2,177 .. 2546 1-2 39.4 76.2
6.
6.1
..2475 16 2540 11 .. 2540 11 9 53 68 4
6.1.1
2544
-
8484848484 3
6.1.2
6.1.3 .. 30.6 .. .. 2539 678 3,066 .. 704
6.1.4 ( 4.26)
4
4.26
:
1(4
2543)
15(24 ..2531)
16(22 ..2535)
17(13 ..2538)
18(2 ..2538)
19(17 ..2539)
20(6 ..2544)
() 26,658,638 32,436,283 31,860,156 37,817,983 38,564,593 44,519,222 42,567,111 () 16,944,931 19,216,466 19,622,332 23,462,746 24,070,750 29,904,940 30,684,040 63.6 59.2 61.6 62.0 62.4 67.2 72.1
4 .. , : , 2542
-
8585858585
.. (party list)
6.2 6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3 .. 2541 - 2546 3.0 .. 2541 3.3 .. 2546 70 133 ( 4.27) .. 2542 10 970 ( 4.28)
-
8686868686
4.27
.. 25
41 -
.. 2
546
/
.. 25
41
/.
. 2542
/
.. 25
43
/.
. 2544
/
.. 25
45
/.
. 2546
ASEA
NAS
EAN
ASEA
NAS
EAN
ASEA
NAS
EAN
7
19.1
7
19.1
6
19.1
4
19.2
5
19.3
5
19.4
29
25.3
32
25.1
36
24.8
36
25
33
24.9
37
25.2
61
43.0
68
43.2
60
33.2
61
33.2
64
33.2
70
33.3
553
3.3
54
33.6
694
2.8
65
42.9
774
2.6
92
42.5
80
62.0
96
61.7
85
61.7
88
61.9
96
61.9
12
26
1.9
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
745
2.5
755
2.6
765
2.5
755
2.6
855
2.4
100
52.4
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
12
97
1.6
--
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
1-10
1-10
1-10
1-10
1-10
1-10
11
10.0
1
110
.0
1
110
.0
1
19.9
11
9.7
1
19.7
22
9.6
2
29.8
2
29.8
2
29.5
2
29.5
22
9.6
3
39.5
33
9.4
3
39.4
33
9.4
2
29.5
3
39.5
44
9.4
3
39.4
33
9.4
4
49.2
44
9.4
3
39.5
55
9.3
55
9.2
55
9.2
44
9.2
55
9.3
55
9.4
66
9.2
5
59.2
66
9.1
6
69.0
55
9.3
6
69.3
7
79.1
7
79.1
6
69.1
7
78.9
7
79.0
7
78.9
8
89.0
8
89.0
6
69.1
8
88.8
77
9.0
8
88.8
9
99.0
9
98.9
9
98.9
99
8.7
77
9.0
88
8.8
10
108.9
910
8.9
10
108.7
10
108.6
1010
8.7
8
88.8
:
Transp
arency
Inter
nation
al
Dr. Jo
hann G
raf La
mbsda
ff Gott
ingen
Unive
rsity, G
ermany
, 1998-
2003
:
1.
(Co
rruptio
n Perc
eption
s Index
)
1-10
0
10
2.
3
-
8787878787 4.28 .. 2542
6.2.2 14 5 IMD .. 2546 ( 4.29)
( 4 7 ) ( 4.27)
5 , , , 2542
()
- 9,588 2,688 7,921 13,414- 8,428 13,025 3,059 201- 6,287 11,403 4,939 753- 3,179 1,489 7,056 1,430- 1,394 1,293 2,943 295- 880 859 1,000 -- 786 2,478 124 634- 721 300 664 767- 647 300 500 800- 639 173 2,225 517- , 586 851 784 447- 295 255 378 -- 288 - 423 -- 66 - 66 -- 45 - - 45
: .. , : , 2542
-
8888888888
1. 20 - 1 5.22- 2 4.87- 3 4.33- 4 4.16- 15 2.80- 16 2.76- 23 1.96
2. 20 - 1 6.97- 2 6.89- 3 6.43- 4 5.91- 28 1.60- 29 1.46
4.29 .. 2546
.. 2546
4.27 .. 2542
: .. , : , 2542
: IMD. The World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2003.: 1. IMD 2003 2
20 20 2
2. 20 30 3. 20 29 4. 10
,
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
4.244.354.46
4.734.75
4.924.924.995.095.105.115.255.345.445.56
-
89898989896.2.3.
37.7 ..2523 37.4 .. 2545 ( 4.28) ( 4.30) 2.66 1-2 11 1-2 ( 4.29) (2537) 60 28
4.28 .. 2523 - .. 2545
: .. 2523 - 2545 : .. 2545
45
30
35
40
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
..
37.7
35.7
37.037.9 37.6
36.5
38.038.638.0
36.9
37.1
36.4
37.8
35.3
34.1
35.9
33.2 32.6
38.239.6 39.5
39.9
37.4
-
9090909090 4.30 .. 2538 / 2539 , .. 2544
.. 2545
.. 2538 / 2539 .. 2544
(1) - (2)
%(1)/(2)
.. 2545
(1)/
(2)/
(1) - (2)%
(1)/(2)
(1)/
(2)/
(1)-(2)%
(1)/(2)()
(1)/
(2)/
1. .1.1 5,395 4,700 14.79 1.15 6,034 4,700 28.38 1.28 5,635 4,700 19.89 1.21.2 / 5,637 4,700 19.94 1.20 6,222 4,700 32.38 1.32 5,996 4,700 27.57 1.27
5,516 4,700 17.36 1.17 6,128 4,700 30.38 1.30 5,815 4,700 23.72 1.242. .
2.1 6,402 5,740 11.53 1.12 7,055 5,740 22.90 1.23 6,794 5,740 18.36 1.182.2 / 6,650 5,740 15.85 1.16 7,483 5,740 30.37 1.30 7,049 5,740 22.80 1.232.3 6,666 5,740 16.13 1.16 7,230 5,740 25.96 1.26 7,039 5,740 22.63 1.23
6,573 5,740 14.51 1.15 7,256 5,740 26.41 1.26 6,961 5,740 21.27 1.213.
3.1 13,446 6,360 111.42 2.11 14,111 6,360 121.87 2.22 13,639 6,360 114.45 2.143.2 11,029 6,360 73.41 1.73 11,962 6,360 88.08 1.88 11,763 6,360 84.95 1.853.3 10,752 6,360 69.06 1.69 12,191 6,360 91.68 1.92 - - - -3.4 10,130 6,360 59.28 1.59 10,300 7,040 46.31 1.46 - - - -3.5 9,956 6,360 56.54 1.57 10,468 6,360 64.59 1.64 9,994 6,360 57.14 1.57
3.6 9,588 6,360 50.75 1.51 11,169 7,040 58.65 1.59 - - - -3.7 9,501 6,360 49.39 1.49 10,116 6,360 59.06 1.59 9,569 6,360 50.46 1.503.8 9,073 6,360 42.66 1.43 9,369 6,360 47.31 1.47 8,958 6,360 40.85 1.41
10,434 6,360 64.06 1.64 11,211 6,530 71.68 1.72 10,785 6,360 69.57 1.704. 15,830 7,780 103.47 2.03 17,678 7,780 127.22 2.27 15,826 7,780 103.42 2.03
: .. 2538/2539 , , 2539.. 2544 .. 2545
:
-
9191919191 4.29 .. 2534, .. 2539, .. 2544 - .. 2545
: - .. 2534,
- , , 2539
- : .. 2534
.. 2539 .. 2544-2545 .. 2534 .. 2539
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1.17 1.631.68
1.151.71
1.79
1.52
1.842.03
1.51.70
2.19
1.45
1.782.282.04
2.67 2.833.23
4.11
5.05
6.25
1.47
2.152.27
1.882.04
3.133.27
2.30
1.54
2.08
2.923.43
4.314.39
.. 2539.. 2534 .. 2544 .. 2545
1.64
-
9292929292
: ,
4.30 .. 2517 -.. 2545
6.2.4
2.00 - 2.99 29.4 .. 2534 ( .., 2534) / .. 2539 23.1 59.8 .. 2517 ( 4.30) .. 2542 58.7 ( .., 2542) 1,596 .. 2544 71.5 28.5 32 .. 2542 .. 2543 23.2 26.6 .. 2545 ( 4.30)
..
80706050403020100
2517
2519
2521
2523
2525
2527
2529
2531
2533
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2535
2537
4.5 3.74.1 4.8 3.8 3.8 4.8 4.9 5.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.2 2.7 3.4 2.3 2.2
35.7
28.5
35.4 41.8 45.9 42.5
50.6
59.264.2
68 70.2 71 66.8
64.364.1
68.9
68.2
59.8
67.760.5
53.446.9
53.3
44.435.9
30.326.2 24.7
23.1
27.530.4
32.0
23.2
25.7
67.4
26.6
3.2
2545
-
93939393936.2.5
6.2.6
5 ... .. 2542 24 2542 20 8 20 9 80 2543 - 2545 57,544 90,000 102,677 19,742
... .. 2540 20 6
6.3 .. 2540
... .. 2542 980 ... .. 2542 (Organic law) 4 20 .. 2544 35 .. 2549 23.5 .. 2548
6 , , 2546
-
9494949494
2540/41 2541/42 2542/43 2543/44 2544/45 2545/46
- * 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.9 3.2 3.4- 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.2- 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.8 2.9 3.3
- 16.2 15.5 15.5 15.2 15.9 16.3- 18.7 19.0 18.4 18.1 19.5 17.7
4.31 GDP
4.32 ()
2540/41 2541/42 2542/43 2543/44 2544/45 2545/46
67.9 61.6 65.4 58.7 58.0 64.8- 16.9 17.9 20.0 12.2 12.3 11.8
1. 9.3 9.6 10.6 7.6 7.3 7.62. 7.6 8.4 9.4 4.6 4.0 4.2
- 51.0 43.7 45.3 46.5 45.7 53.0 32.1 38.4 34.6 41.5 42.0 35.2
: Michael.E. Porter ,, 2546
: *
(.) (./ / .) / . 5-10
(IMF) .. 2544 GDP 15-19 GDP 3 GDP ( 4.31) 12-20 50 ( 4.32)
: Michael.E. Porter ,, 2546
-
9595959595
(/)- 8,190-27,980 15,090-62,080 100,000* 50,000-300,000 6.1 - 10.7- 8,190-19,840 17,990-52,990 80,000* 27,000-150,000 3.3 - 7.6- 7,040-17,083 7,640-49,910 18,000-55,000 18,399-31,229 1.8 - 2.6- 6,360-19,680 7,640-21,620 9,000-20,000 14,281-27,720 1.4 - 2.2- 5,180-19,005 7,640-35,960 5,300-25,000 14,281-29,381 1.5 - 2.8
- 5,180-17,880 4,880-35,960 5,000-20,000 10,417-29,160 1.6 - 2.0
: , : , 2540
: *
4.33 .. 2540
()
(2) 300 ..2538 - 2540 500-600 .. 2545-2546 4 .. 2540 4-10 ( 4.33)
(1)
30
-
9696969696
4.31 .. 2504 - .. 2543
: : .. 2543 1 : 50,000
1 : 250,000
7. 7.1
7.1.1 .. 2504
171.0 53.3 25.3 81.0 .. 2541 .. 2543 107 33.1 ( 4.31) 40
4 9 100
80706050403020100
2504
2519
2534
2536
2538
2541
2543
..
6858534141
52
66
4338
60
34322824
51
34 3027
2321
15
29
47
2825
2721
2014
45
262119
12
44
262018
12
43
252017
12
43
25.3232017
12
55.6
33.131.924.723.115.8
-
97979797977.1.2
320.69 .. 2518 112.2 131.3 .. 2542 41.0 2.9
.. 2534 69.2 65.2 .. 2544 33.5 28.2 .. 2544 20.2 26.6 .. 2544 3.5 3.6 .. 2544
7.1.3 2546
5 .. 2542 0-6
7.1.4 .. 2546
78.9 17.8 3.1 0.2
2.2 3.2 .. 2541 2542 6.7 .. 2544-2546 ( 4.32)
-
9898989898 4.32 .. 2520 - .. 2554
:
7.1.5
7.1.6
/ 3 ... .. 2542 ... .. 2542 ...
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2520
2522
2524
2526
2528
2530
2532
2534
2536
2538
2540
2542
2544
2546
2548
2550
2552
2554
..
2,1
00.60
1,673.40
2,255
.002,4
17.40
3,878
.404,1
80.90
4,733
.905,4
44.00
6,232
.707,0
93.70
8,045
.008,8
76.90
9,730
.00
2,588
.70
3,204
.303,5
47.30
14,91
8.30
13,71
2.40
14,17
9.00
14,50
6.30
13,31
0.90
12,26
7.90
10,70
8.80
2,838
.00
16,12
616
,681
18,12
1 20,81
8 23,72
8
30,587
-
9999999999
:
4.33 10 24 .. 2535 -.. 2546
7.2 7.2.1
(1)
2546 24 2540 10 24 2535 - 2546 ( 4.33)
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
114
207174
265
416387
251.3
349.8
244.4
341
268.6
208.9
4980 71 79 84
89 81.6 80.1 79.9 67.6 57.8 61.4
2130 29 23 19 10 9.4 13.3 27 21.3 9.3 12.7
..
10
24
(
/
.)
120 /.
-
100100100100100
4.34 - (pH) .. 2539 - .. 2545
: : *
**
.. 2546 31 15 10 24 ( 24 = 120 /..) 388.5
. . 1 .. 2539-2541 51 16 ..2542 - 2546 10 154.7 /.. .. 2546
(2)
(Transboundary Air Pollution) - (pH) .. 2539 - 2545 - ( 4.34) 7
7 ,
.. 2539 .. 2540 .. 2541 .. 2542 .. 2543 .. 2544 .. 2545
6.4 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.1 * * * 4.8 5.3 5.1 5.33 * 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.64 * * * * 4.8 * ** * * * * * 5.7 5.72
-
101101101101101
4.35 .. 2535 - .. 2546
7.2.2
49 4 .. 2535 - 2546 6.25 .. 2535 36.67 .. 2545 32.0 .. 2546 18.75 .. 2535 31.00 .. 2546 ( 4.35)
.. 2535 - 2546 11.68 .. 2537 57.0 .. 2546 (4.35)
2535 6.25 18.75 75.00 0.00 0.00 5.88 17.65 76.472536 8.33 19.44 61.11 11.11 0.00 12.50 50.00 37.502537 4.35 32.61 60.87 2.17 3.65 8.03 33.58 54.742538 10.87 21.74 56.52 10.87 4.17 15.28 36.11 44.442539 9.43 30.19 56.60 3.77 0.00 15.28 31.94 52.782540 20.75 35.85 37.74 5.66 3.70 16.67 31.48 48.152541 30.19 49.06 15.09 5.66 19.44 26.39 27.78 26.392542 20.75 35.85 39.62 3.77 12.04 24.07 34.26 29.632543 27.78 38.89 27.78 5.56 15.63 31.25 31.25 21.882544 18.52 40.74 33.33 7.41 31.94 22.22 26.39 19.442545 36.67 20.00 40.00 3.33 8.33 31.94 27.78 31.942546 32.0 31.00 31.0 6.0 25.0 32.0 13.0 30.0
..
:
-
102102102102102
4.34 (Leq) 24 .. 2540 - .. 2546
:
7.2.3
.. 2540 - .. 2546 32 15 (Leq)8 24 ( 4.34)
7.2.4
.. 2537 - .. 2546 60.3 38.5 1.2 .. 2546 6.7 4.7 ( 4.36) 54 3 .. 2544 8 14.8
.. 2546 28 35 150
( 4.36)8 (Leq) 24 24
100
95
90
85
80
75
652540 254625452544254325422541
79.7
86.3
79.3
83.7
88.7
78.480.5
82.3 81.4
77.3 77.6
86.8
81.7
90.5
70 dBA
..
70
-
103103103103103
4
.36
..
2536
- .
. 254
6
(
)
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2546 1.
NA4,8
74,11
55,0
20,61
15,1
64,18
14,8
22,04
24,6
02,19
75,0
06,91
96,0
31,92
75,5
47,46
76,3
56,87
26,7
85,32
0
NA83
9,228
966,3
4696
1,009
1,050
,327
836,2
411,0
80,75
31,7
77,21
21,2
00,20
31,3
31,98
11,5
27,05
9
NA2,1
52,44
82,3
91,86
22,4
42,03
42,1
59,14
12,2
75,28
32,2
80,27
12,3
62,79
72,3
13,65
72,6
40,46
62,8
66,07
7
86,81
311
1,468
99,30
210
0,270
100,1
5168
,971
87,42
710
7,855
104,8
0612
5,674
137,6
79
21
,265
47,11
229
,628
29,71
637
,624
21,05
124
,866
32,01
813
3,258
37,67
287
,632
38,21
742
,843
49,01
648
,345
44,87
833
,058
36,78
534
,066
35,15
735
,984
38,60
8
51
5,378
692,8
9565
6,835
718,9
5862
2,876
571,3
7671
2,857
787,6
8174
4,459
875,1
6794
7,317
45,40
654
,564
58,39
958
,755
64,30
751
,666
91,40
182
,987
80,68
291
,422
104,9
51
NA93
3,557
769,2
2380
5,094
742,7
3874
4,551
692,5
5984
7,311
935,2
451,2
18,50
61,0
75,99
72.
3,2
91,02
23,0
47,57
63,1
88,23
53,4
82,19
53,0
33,19
02,9
05,71
03,6
10,58
33,3
78,73
93,5
10,83
73,7
36,76
74,7
87,32
0
25,14
029
,718
32,24
842
,198
42,24
032
,197
48,99
550
,272
54,42
867
,414
69,73
2
3,2
65,88
23,0
17,85
83,1
55,98
73,4
39,99
72,9
90,95
02,8
73,51
33,5
61,58
83,3
28,46
73,4
56,40
93,6
69,35
34,7
17,58
83.
66
,873
90,56
284
,515
81,29
695
,225
68,47
589
,595
116,3
3313
9,078
132,4
9015
9,910
6,1
097,8
869,7
3210
,072
10,59
26,9
2910
,574
13,72
613
,240
19,23
919
,958
&
2,961
3,282
3,752
3,257
3,763
2,938
3,844
5,223
5,397
5,590
5,783
5,3
9415
,747
4,734
5,205
5,018
3,253
4,235
6,557
18,04
36,0
696,5
17
40
,440
48,93
454
,308
51,11
655
,700
43,01
055
,563
67,38
180
,376
75,16
394
,774
11,96
914
,713
11,98
911
,646
20,15
212
,345
15,37
923
,446
22,02
226
,429
32,87
8
NA8,0
12,25
38,2
93,36
18,7
27,67
27,9
50,45
77,5
76,38
28,7
07,09
79,5
26,99
99,1
97,38
210
,226,1
2911
,732,5
50
(
)NA
NA+3
.5+5
.2- 8
.9- 4
.7+1
4.9+9
.4-3.
4+1
1.2+1
4.8
:
:
NA =
Not
Avai
lable
.
. 254
4
-
1041041041041047.2.5
0.9 .. 2533 1.8 .. 2546 1.4 77.8 0.4 22.2 16
.. 2545 0.22 330
7.3 7.3.1
1,587 .. 2537 1,802 .. 2540 2,265 .. 2543 13.5 25.7 .. 2543 442,525 53.9 (1,220 ) 20 (452 ) 26.1 (593 ) 44.7 ( )
(.) .. 2547 90.6 .. 2536 97.9 .. 2544 96.6 .. 2547 69.4 .. 2535 89.3 .. 2544 93.5 .. 2547
7.3.2 (1)
.. 2545 27.1 (14,999 55,311 ), 16.9 (2,344 13,844 ), 16.0 (3,170 19,844) 55.8 (382 684 ) .. 2544 235 40.4 (95 235 ) 56 225 63.1 (142 225 ) 4.9 (11 225 )
-
105105105105105(2) .. 2529 - 2538
.. 2544 ( 4.37)
4.37 .. 2529 - .. 2544
() 3,181 809 3,260 4,069 5,291,871 10,645,933 15,937,804 27,183 143,904 171,087 NA 23.4 8.2 11.2 40.6 9.2 19.5 35.5 9.7 13.7 15.8 27.6 9.4 13.0 36.4 16.8 23.2 26.1 16.1 17.7 39.2 42.2 52.2 50.2 16.1 51.0 39.6 27.5 51.3 47.6 / / 19.0 0.9 2.7 2.3 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.5
.. 2529 .. 2538 .. 2543 .. 2544*
26.2 27.0 52.5 47.4 6.7 21.9 16.9 9.7 21.8 19.9
: 1. .. 2529 .. 2538 3 4
2. .. 2543 .. 2543, 3. .. 2544 .. 2544,
: * 1
.. 2538 - .. 2546 70 .. 2544 .. 2545 - 2546 ( 4.38)
.. 2538 - 2546 71.0 . 57.0 ( 4.38)
}
-
106106106106106
}}
4.
38
..
2538
- .
. 254
6
}
.. 2
538.
. 2539
.. 2
540.
. 2541
.. 2
542.
. 2543
.. 2
544.
. 2545
.. 2
546
:
:
(
)
4538
27NA
7556
118
8181
70-
--
--
--
-(84
.4)(74
.7)(68
.6)(86
.4)
129
9554
727
61,4
7071
31,5
681,3
9753
229
412
092
(73.6)
(50.4)
(48.5)
(89.1)
(55.3)
(76.7)
131
74
83
6810
68-
5118
161
8990
044
257
050
420
317
1(56
.5)(37
.5)(14
.7)(35
.3)(55
.3)(49
.1)(88
.4)(84
.2)
43
2232
790
496
232
370
164
5118
--
--
(51.2)
(27.5)
(46.8)
(44.3)
(35.3)
20
910
21,6
8339
946
510
83,9
251,1
035,0
412,0
394,2
461,5
072,6
732,2
971,3
1876
063
316
5(48
.8)(23
.7)(23
.2)(28
.1)(40
.4)(35
.5)(85
.9)(57
.7)(31
.0)
NANA
365
3722
228
191
7812
554
267
--
--
--
(10.1)
(12.6)
(40.8)
(43.2)
(26.9)
65
2743
837
735
515
258
6227
711
228
010
2-
-17
450
--
(41.5)
(86.1)
(4.2)
(24.0)
(40.4)
(36.4)
(28.7)
6523
495
9812
16
298
104
9027
6919
--
--
--
(35.4)
(19.8)
(5.0)
(34.9)
(30.0)
(27.5)
1,4
6296
840
728
63,2
252,8
374,4
963,1
673,7
662,3
291.0
3378
83,5
512,3
832,9
962,1
212,7
431,9
25(66
.2)(70
.3)(88
.0)(70
.4)(61
.8)(76
.3)(67
.1)(70
.8)(70
.2)
329
4230
187
170
401
203
335
174
285
138
299
156
273
170
250
150
(28.1)
(71.4)
(90.9)
(50.6)
(51.9)
(48.4)
(52.2)
(62.3)
(60.0)
-
1071071071071077.3.3
.. 2546 14.33 3.41 ( 23.8) 4.42 ( 30.8) / 6.5 ( 45.4) .. 2535 - ..2546 2.4 ..2544 / ( 4.39)
4.39 .. 2535 - .. 2546
: : .. 2542
2535 2.19 - 1.16 - 1.62 - 5.81 - 10.78 -2536 2.57 + 17.3 1.25 + 7.7 1.51 - 6.8 5.85 + 0.7 11.18 + 3.72537 2.56 - 0.4 2.05 + 64.0 1.53 + 1.3 5.91 + 1.0 12.05 + 7.82538 2.63 + 2.7 2.30 + 12.2 1.69 + 10.5 5.96 + 0.8 12.58 + 4.42839 2.95 + 12.2 2.43 + 5.6 1.78 + 5.3 5.97 + 0.2 13.13 + 4.42540 3.26 + 10.5 3.0 + 23.4 1.75 - 1.7 5.5 - 7.9 13.51 + 2.92541 3.10 - 4.9 2.71 - 9.7 1.74 - 0.6 6.04 + 9.8 13.59 + 0.62542 3.28 + 5.8 4.50 + 66.0 - - 6.04 - 13.82 + 1.72543 3.33 + 1.5 4.3 - 4.44 - - 6.3 + 4.3 13.93 + 0.82544 3.40 + 2.1 4.34 + 0.9 - - 6.36 + 1.0 14.10 + 1.22545 3.51 + 3.2 4.37 + 0.7 - - 6.43 + 1.1 14.31 + 1.52546 3.41 - 2.8 4.42 + 1.1 - - 6.50 + 1.1 14.33 + 0.1
...
/
()
/
()
/
()
/
()
/
()
/
..
-
108108108108108
: - .. 2503 - .. 2543 - .. 2544 .. 2544
4.35 .. 2503 - .. 2544
4.40 .. 2544
: 8 .. 2544,
()
1. 14,162 13,845 156 147 (97.9) (1.1) (1.0)
2. 14,055 5,345 3,216 5,489 (38.0) (22.9) (39.1)
.. 2543 98.05 96.2 .. 2544 4.35 100% 61.3 (46 75 ) (, 2542) .. 2544 97.9 38.0 ( 4.40)
120
10080
60
4020
0
2503
2508
2513
2518
2523
2528
2533
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
0.7 5.6720.09
33.87 42.7947.11 73.84
96.14
96.92
98.27
98.11
98.18
98.05
96.2
..
-
109109109109109(1)
(1.1) 10 (PM10)
2002 ( 2002) 10 (PM10) .. 2534-2546 38-50
Pope, C. Arden (2545) 10 6 8 9
(1.2) (2545)
10 6 2,330 9,626 643.9 28,009.6 1 - 1.6 GDP .. 2539 - 2542 2,000 65.0 6 ( 4.41)
4.41 ( PM10) 6
.. 2543
PM10()
()
()
()
() ()
64 5.7 0.0065 1,092 4,550 424 18,444 57 1.6 0.00985 390 1,080 56.8 2,470.8 51 1.1 0.0058 134 630 26.1 1,135.35 66 1.8 0.006 324 1,476 59.2 2,575.2 51 2.6 0.0055 286 1,426 56.8 2,470.8 41 1.2 0.0061 104 464 21 913.5 14 2,330 9,626 643.9 28,009.6
()
: 2002, , 2002
9 Pope, C. Arden, et.al. (2002). Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to FineParticulate Air Pollution, Journal of American Medical Association, 287(9),pp. 1132-1141
-
110110110110110
10 3 10 .. 2544 3 17,300 - 18,700 16,800 - 70,700 .. 2563 .. 2553 PM10 (GPP) .. 2553 PM10 ( 4.36)
10 : (GDP) = 2 (GPP) = 1.5 : (GDP) = 2 (GPP) = 4.5 : (GDP) = 8 (GPP) = 7.5
: 2002, 2002
4.36 PM10 .. 2544 - .. 2563
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
2544 2548 2553 2558 2563
17,300 16,600 16,500 16,600 16,800
28,10034,40023,200
19,60018,00018,700
23,20032,700
47,600
70,700
..
-
111111111111111
11 .. 2542 - 2543, 113-11412 .. 2542 - 2543, 113-114
(1.3) Dr. Andrew W. Smith11 80 Schuttz (1978)12 70 22 - 95
(2)
(2.1) .. 2536 - 2545 16.2 .. 2536 63.9 .. 2545 4.42 6 ( 4.43)
.. 2537 - .. 2545 3.5 - 14.9 9.7 ( 4.44)
-
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310
442
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633
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-
113113113113113 4.43
.. 2546
( 2546)
()
1. 2,132 96 1,111 115 10.42. 3,256 10.0 4,812 83 1.73. 2,099 7.2 4,315 206 4.84. 3,184 42.0 6,695 46 0.75. 2,471 10.0 3,800 46 1.26. 2,268 20.3 8,437 508 6.0
: ,
4.44 .. 2537 - .. 2545
1. 3,115 1,127 (36.2%) 2545 190
(61%)2. 1,753 2545
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39 2545(14.9%)
- 319 155 (48.6%) 2537- 31 2545
(9.7%)
: - ! , .. 2546- , , 2546
-
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( 3.4.1 )
4.35 100,000 .. 2519 204.29 100,000 .. 2546
(3) .. 2541 43 ( , : 2543) 20 5 3,031.25 ..2527 7,242.3 .. 2546
(4) .. 2545-2546 9,168 11,033
8.
8.1 8.1.1 .. 2546 172,504.4
63,982.6 108,521.8 4 1,889
171.2 146.3 .. 2552 1 4 .. 2548
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-
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4.35 100,000 .. 2519 204.29 100,000 .. 2546
(3) .. 2541 43 ( , : 2543) 20 5 3,031.25 ..2527 7,242.3 .. 2546
(4) .. 2545-2546 9,168 11,033
8.
8.1 8.1.1 .. 2546 172,504.4
63,982.6 108,521.8 4 1,889
171.2 146.3 .. 2552 1 4 .. 2548
5,356.5 8.1.2 .. 2546 5 11
8.1.3 5
-
11511511511511510,143 / 8,685 / 36.5 .. 2548 30 100
8.2 .. 2546
6,305,245 22,077,858 99.05 1,000 346.8 1,000 .. 2546 43 1,000 ( 4.45) 30 .. 2534 6.03 .. 2546 9.5 2 ( 4.46) ( 4.47)
: IMD. The World Competitiveness Yearbook, 1999 2003.: 1. * .. 2546
2. ** 1,000 .. 2544
4.45 .. 2539 - .. 2545
498.4 529.0 464.6 484.1 472 147.5 229 280.7 381.45 761.1 233 316 344 390.9 596 192.5 192.5 204.7 219.3 206 88.4 101.9 101.5 145.05 372.9 53 65 78 94.5 137 78.6 85.5 82.2 101.9 99* 27.8 34.5 39.6 138.6 346.8* 22 28 33 40.4 43 30.7 42.7 31.9 37.9 46 12.9 17.7 19.0 36.97 189.1 11 13 16 19.5 25 17.8 24.7 26.7 29.1 34 3.0 5.4 5.2 9.83 48.5 6 9 11 13.4 13 684.1 685.4 696.4 694.5 750 281.8 358.1 511.5 590.08 900.3 286 353 444 510.4 687 636.6 625.6 676.6 709.8 701 161.9 205.6 241.2 314.87 496.9 403 450 499 538.9 739 564.9 609.1 654.2 711.9 754 296.1 383.0 471.9 627.03 787.0 307 363 437 506.8 657
1,000
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1,000
2539 2540 2541 2542 2545** 2539 2540 2541 2542 2545 2539 2540 2541 2542 2545
-
116116116116116
3,536,001 100.0 6,031,300 100.0 +70.6 2,341,433 66.2 3,807,900 63.1 +62.6 1,194,568 33.8 2,223,400 36.9 +86.1
1,234,542 34.9 2,005,700 33.3 +62.5 830,389 23.5 1,336,300 22.2 +60.9 516,114 14.6 1,003,200 16.6 +94.4 559,193 15.8 1,070,100 17.7 +91.4 395,763 11.2 616,000 10.2 +55.6 5.7 9.5 (%)
4.46 .. 2544 .. 2546
.. 2544(1) .. 2546(2) ()
: .. 2544 .. 2546,
: (1) 11 (2) 6
-
117117117117117 4.47 .. 2541, .. 2543
.. 2545
: Internet Users Worldwide, 2001: 1. =
2. * .. 2544
x 100
Cable TV ( 4.48)
() %2541 2543 2545 2541 2543 2545
4.0 8.42 10.63 22.2 43.9 54.4 0.55 1.85 2.31 18.3 44.6 51.9 1.1 3.46 4.35 18.3 48.7 59.6 0.55 1.49 2.06 15.3 39.0 52.7 3.0 6.4 11.6* 14.3 28.8 51.8 14.0 47.08 56 10.8 37.2 44.1 2.0 16.4 25.6 4.6 34.5 53.8 0.67 2.3 4.8 1.1 3.7 7.7 0.4 3.7 5.7* 2.0 16.9 25.1 0.2 2.0 4.5 0.3 2.4 7.7 1.5 22.5 45.8 0.1 1.7 3.5 0.1 1.45 4.4 0.1 0.6 1.9 0.4 5.0 7.0* < 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.15 0.04 0.4* < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5
-
118118118118118 4.48 .. 2533 - .. 2545
: .. 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545, : .. 2543
72.6 70.8 75.5 68.9 61.3 80.3 88.7 91.6 5.8 10.1 21.9 29.2. 3 79.4 80.3 86.6 80.8 80.7 83.8 90.4 92.5 24.5 33.1 59.2 59.6 . 81.2 81.1 85.5 76.2 84.6 89.3 92.9 94.0 16.5 29.4 49.8 40.8 76.0 74.6 78.5 - 70.8 86.3 90.5 - 4.2 12.2 28.7 -- 69.8 67.0 71.4 64.1 53.6 77.6 87.6 90.6 0.9 2.4 9.3 11.0
2533 2537 2541 2545
2533 2537 2541 2545 2533 2537 2541 2545
.. 2546 54.7 ( 94.5) 24.8 ( 24.8) . 100
8.3 8.3.1 .. 2546 98.9 (67,709 )
787 ( 1.1) 4.49
-
119119119119119
2535 59,354 54,719 92.2 2,466 4.2 2,169 3.62537 59,059 55,590 94.1 1,675 2.8 1,794 3.02539 60,215 57,523 95.5 1,198 2.0 1,494 2.52542 63,230 56,483 89.3 5,678 9.0 1,069 1.72544 66,193 60,128 90.8 4,698 7.1 1,367 2.12546 68,496 60,613 88.5 7,096 10.4 787 1.1
1 2
()
()
()..
4.49 .. 2535 - .. 2546
: 2535 - 2546 . 2., : 1
2
8.3.2 .. 2546 92.4 ( 4.37) .. 2546 92.8
4.37 .. 2503 - .. 2546
: .. 2503 - 2543 .. 2544 .. 2546 2544 2546 .2.,
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2503
2508
2513
2518
2523
2528
2533
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
..0.1 1.63
8.52 13.5623.06
65.9674.42
92.25 93.21 95.49 95.47
95.51
95.34
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92.4
-
120120120120120 (1)
.. 2535 -2546 9,595,191 .. 2535