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Dato: 08-10-2010 Notatnr.: 5160111_P01 Rev: B Udarbejdet af: AT/MSP/MM Kontrolleret / godkendt: MSP Filnavn: S:\5160111.Femern_blt\Notater\5160111_P01_B_Freight survey.doc

Tetraplan A/S Tlf. 33 73 71 00 Kronprinsessegade 46 E Fax 33 73 71 01 1306 Kbenhavn K www.tetraplan.dk

Femern Belt Freight Transport Model Freight survey on the South Baltic Sea ....................................................................................

1 Introduction

This note describes the freight survey carried out in different Baltic Sea ports. The pur-pose of the analyses has been to identify in details the ferry based truck and unaccom-panied freight transport between Scandinavia and the Continent. The analyses will be part of the database for forecasts of traffic flows and its distribution by commodities and routes.

Data has been collected in the period April to June 2010. Permissions to carry out the analyses were obtained from the respective ferry companies.

The analysis was carried out when the trucks stopped just before entering the port areas. The drivers need to register their goods and vehicles and the stop was used for carrying out the interview. The most comprehensive results were obtained at the companies where the interview personnel could carry out the interviews in the freight offices of the ferry companies.

The unaccompanied trailers were the most difficult to catch. This was particularly so, where unaccompanied units were trucked between a land-based terminal and the ferry port. Under such circumstances the trucks did not stop, and therefore it was virtually im-possible to obtain any interviews. Also it can be mentioned, that under these circum-stances the drivers knowledge of the freight, including origin and destination, was very limited.

Punching of the material is being carried out presently and is expected to be finished by mid-August.

Some data items are still required in order to carry on with the analyses. This information relates to:

1. Lorry traffic and unaccompanied traffic on the days of analysis. This information is required in order to expand the available interviews to cover a full day.

2. Possible additional interviews in September in order to expand the sample on routes where the collected number of interviews is low.

Data in 1 can only be obtained from the ferry companies. Therefore it is necessary to approach the ferry companies concerning data for the data collection periods.

Side 2

2 Forms

The questionnaires are shown in Annex 1 of this note.

There are two questionnaires. One for the truck drivers to fill in, and one for the inter-viewer to complete. When both parts are duly filled in they are joined together.

The truck driver questionnaire primarily concerns the non-visual parts of the truck and the journey, while the other questionnaire concerns the visual parts.

The following sections describe the different questions in the questionnaire.

2.1 Truck drivers part

As mentioned above, this part is about the non-visual parts of the trucks. The truck driv-ers are asked about the goods, the transport and their nationality.

The form is completed in the check-in area of the port. One interviewer makes contact to the truck drivers and let them answer the questions, and if possible, is helpful with ques-tions about the form.

The first priority in this survey is to get some knowledge about the journey of the trans-port. Therefore it is important that this part is filled in correctly. A map with zones is avail-able for the truck driver in order to get the zone code, the text based origin and destina-tion fields and the tick boxes completed.

Zone maps are available in both A3 and A4 format. The A4 format map can be handed out to the truck drivers, and dont have to be returned with the questionnaires. The A3 format map is placed visible in the survey area.

The driver is also asked about the type of origin and destination, whether it is a transport hub, a port, another terminal or something else. A hub is defined as a combined road rail terminal, whereas other terminals are road road terminals.

Side 3

The drivers are also asked about the level of volume loading of the vehicle. This is done in very broad terms (by 25 % intervals). The issue is to determine how many completely empty vehicles and units being transported, and how many with some loading.

The freight being transported is described using 14 different freight types as indicated below.

In addition to the type of goods, the weight is also recorded if it is known to the driver.

Question F indicates if the unit being transported is accompanied or unaccompanied on the ferry trip.

Finally the nationality of the driver is indicated

There are many different nationalities represented in the ferry ports. Therefore the ques-tionnaire for the driver has been translated into 16 different languages, namely Danish, Bulgarian, Czech, German, Spanish, Estonian, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Macedo-nian, Polish, Russian, Swedish, Slovakian, Slovenian and English,

2.2 Interviewers part

The interviewers questionnaire is split in four parts; One part concerns the towing unit. One part concerns the trailer. One part concerns dangerous goods, if the transport con-tains dangerous goods, and finally one part concerns the time and place of the interview. The interviewers form is translated to Danish, Swedish, German and Polish, related to the personnel who is carrying out the interviews in the different ferry ports.

Side 4

2.2.1 The trailer/the towing unit The country where the truck is registered is ticked in the relevant field. If the country code isnt represented in the questionnaire please write it on the line to the right.

The next question is about the type of the truck.

There are 6 different groups of trucks, which is shortly described below.

Truck under 12 metric ton Trucks less than 12 tons are often used for distribution in and around cities and in the open version for smaller construction tasks. They are normally shorter, and have a lower cab than trucks above 12 ton. These types of truck are seldom in ports, mainly because they cant be loaded with large quantities of goods.

Two types of trucks less than 12 ton are shown below.

Truck over 12 metric ton The vast majority of solo trucks on the road network weigh more then 12 tons, and there-fore almost all solo trucks are registered as such. Tractor units running without cargo is also noted as a solo truck over 12 tons.

Side 5

Truck with a trailer Examples of trucks with trailers are shown below.

Semitrailer A semitrailer vehicle consists of a tractor and a semitrailer. There are many different types of semitrailers, but the most common on the roads are box trailers, a curtain sider, refrigerated containers, standard containers and sidelifters. Below are shown two semi-trailers - one with a curtain side trailer and the other with a box trailer.

Side 6

Modular road train A modular road train is up to 25.25 meters long and consists of 2 or 3 standard vehicle units coupled together. Modular road trains are only permitted on special road stretches, and not in international traffic with the Continent. Denmark and Sweden allow the modu-lar road trains, and therefore these combinations are seen on the Ferry lines between Denmark and Sweden.

Special transport Special transports are rare, but can occur. It is e.g. transport parts of a windmill.

2.2.2 Trailer/Truck body The type of the trailer or the truck body has to be ticked in the questionnaire. The type of the truck body is divided into the 6 categories described below.

Open body Examples of open body trucks are shown underneath.

Trucks with an open platform can also be equipped with a tool. If this is the case, the truck body type has to be ticked of as a tool.

Side 7

Closed body Trucks with closed body can be a fixed closed body or be closed with tarpaulin. An ex-ample of a closed body is shown in the figure to the left. The truck on the right has a closed body with a curtain.

Container, standard A standard (sea) container is defined as a completely closed container, with doors at the rear end; they can be stacked on each other and are often used for transports overseas.

Container, other All other containers that do not fit the container description above should be classified in this group.

Side 8

Tanker This type is often used in fuel transport. In some cases it transports other liquids or pow-ders.

Tool If the truck is equipped with any kind of tool, the tool option should be ticked in the ques-tionnaire. This applies also for concrete carriers, garbage trucks etc.

Temperature controlled This box is ticked if either the closed body trailer/truck or the container is equipped with a temperature unit. The picture below to the left shows a container on a semitrailer with a temperature unit. The picture to the left is a closed body truck with a temperature unit.

Side 9

2.2.3 Dangerous Goods Only fill in this question if there is a visible UN number.

2.2.4 Time and place of analysis This is filled in when the interview is finished.

3 Number of Interviews

The number of interviews to be conducted was established taking the 2006 truck figures as base. However, the following table depicts both the 2006 figure as well as the latest 2009 figures for the routes in question.

Route AADT 2006 AADT 2009 Rdby Puttgarden (Scandlines) 950 861 Gedser Rostock (Scandlines) 280 219 Copenhagen Swinoujscie (Polferries) 15 9 Ystad Swinoujscie (Unity line) 394 305 Ystad Swinoujscie (Polferries) 92 62 Trelleborg Swinoujscie (Unity line) 0 191 Trelleborg Sassnitz (Scandlines) 98 60 Trelleborg Rostock (Scandlines) 386 346 Trelleborg Rostock (TT Line) 334 266 Trelleborg Travemnde (TT-Line) 562 574 Trelleborg Travemnde (Scandlines) 121 133 Malm Travemnde (Finnlines) 714 612 Gteborg Travemnde (Stena) 242 125 Gteborg Kiel (Stena) 96 80 Oslo Kiel (Color) 139 112 Total 4423 3955

Side 10

The AADT (Average Annual Daily Traffic) is calculated based on the annual volume di-vided by 365.

The survey was carried out over a number of days in the different ports in order to obtain a number of interviews corresponding to the 2006 AADT figure. Therefore analysis by port took place the following periods.

Route Time of survey Expected no of interviews

Actual ob-tained inter-

views Rdby 30.3, 26.4 29.4.2010 (5 days) 475 549 Gedser 26.4 28.4.2010 (3 days) 140 136 Copenhagen 26.4, 28.4 and 3.5.2010 10 11 Ystad 3.5 and 6.5.2010 240 46 Trelleborg 3.5, 5.5, 10.5 and 12.5.2010 750 240 Malm 4 6.05.2010 360 150 Gteborg - 170 0 Oslo - 50 0 0 0 Swinoujscie 18.5 20.5.2010 (3 days) 240 176 Sassnitz 11.5.-13.05.2010 (3 days) 50 27 Rostock 11.5.-13.05.2010 (3 days) 500 384 Travemnde 1.-4.06.2010 (4 days) 820 900 Puttgarden 25.-27.05.2010 (3 days) 475 440 Kiel 25.-28.05.2010 (4 days) 120 79

Total 4400 3138

The table above indicates that the actual number of observations is approx. 25% less than expected. The major discrepancy is on the Swedish ports.

Therefore, The Swedish road administration has been approached in order to gain ac-cess to their detailed database on transit traffic through Scania and Blekinge.

4 Results

Selected key results for each of the analyzed ports are shown in the section below. The results of the ports having shipping routs plying several destinations have been merged in this account to preserve clarity of the results.

4.1 Goods

4.1.1 Type of goods In this analysis the goods transported by trucks across the Baltic Sea have been divided into the following fourteen groups:

Side 11

1 Live animals, agriculture and forestry products 2 Metal Ores 3 Stone, sand and gravel 4 Paper and proceeded wood 5 Coke and refined petroleum products 6 Chemicals and chemical products 7 Mineral products and construction materials 8 Metal products 9 Manufactured products and machinery 10 Food products, beverages and tobacco 11 Fertilizers (natural and chemical) 12 Wastes 13 Grouped goods and other unidentifiable goods 14 Mail, removal and material utilized in the transport of goods

The table below shows the number of observed trucks crossing the Baltic Sea by ferry, transporting goods divided into the fourteen groups of goods.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14Gedser 2 3 35 1 5 16 9 20 1 2 8 1Kiel 2 11 4 20 13 1 16 6Kbenhavn 1 2 2 2Malm 3 2 8 2 6 13 8 4 5Puttgarden 15 2 20 15 16 14 40 108 4 115 84Rostock 2 1 38 10 16 35 59 97 1 87 12Rdby 23 9 4 44 17 12 58 44 78 2 12 107 31Sassnitz 3 3 2 5 2 7 3Swinoujscie 3 1 44 1 4 13 34 28 17 1 20 2Travemnde 7 1 9 54 28 53 58 120 237 3 6 297 25Trelleborg 3 9 3 47 11 10 42 28 28 1 2 19 3Ystad 2 5 11 2 1 4 4 1 6

Total 60 31 21 305 1 92 139 275 372 608 14 23 686 172

The majority of goods transported across the Baltic Sea by ferry consist of the categories 13 (25%) and 10 (22%). The categories 9 (13%), 4 (11%) and 8 (10%) also constitute a significant share of the total freight.

The numbers in the table above refer to the actual number of interviews performed in the different ports, and have not been enumerated.

4.1.2 Weight of goods In the analysis the truck drivers were asked about the weight of the goods transported by ferry.

In the table below these answers have been divided into the four groups; Below 5 metric tons, between 5 and 10 metric tons, between 10 and 20 metric tons and transports carry-ing more then 20 metric tons.

Side 12

Below 5 5 to 10 10 to 20 Over 20Gedser 14 14 13 41Kiel 4 5 40 29Kbenhavn 5 4 1Malm 4 5 48 58Puttgarden 47 130 197 49Rostock 24 77 200 59Rdby 54 65 116 128Sassnitz 11 5 4 6Swinoujscie 11 27 53 72Travemnde 25 88 466 309Trelleborg 13 14 45 87Ystad 3 4 6 9

Total 215 434 1192 848

More then three quarters of the total transports crossing the Baltic Sea by ferry are trans-porting over 10 tons of goods each. The majority of transports carry between 10 and 20 tons (44 %) while only 8% of the transports carry less then 5 tons.

The numbers in the table above refer to the actual number of interviews performed in the different ports, and have not been enumerated.

4.1.3 Cargo volume utilization To provide an overview of the unused capacity of the trucks, the truck drivers were also asked to describe the cargo volume utilization of their trucks.

These answers are shown in the table below, divided into five categories. 0% refers to an empty truck and 100% refers to a fully loaded truck.

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%Gedser 35 6 7 15 73Kiel 2 76Kbenhavn 4 2 5Malm 20 2 7 19 102Puttgarden 7 9 12 50 338Rostock 1 2 8 25 316Rdby 147 23 35 58 275Sassnitz 1 1 3 3 19Swinoujscie 1 2 14 21 129Travemnde 7 3 11 68 768Trelleborg 20 4 12 38 145Ystad 7 1 4 3 30

Total 250 53 113 304 2276

The results show that 76% of the trucks passing the Baltic Sea by ferry are fully loaded, whereas only 8% are empty.

The numbers in the table above refer to the actual number of interviews performed in the different ports, and have not been enumerated.

Side 13

4.2 Origin and destination

To describe the areas the different ports serve, the trips for each port are shown in the Annex 3.

The top picture of each page shows the actual trips in the analysis using the port in ques-tioned. The trips that are poorly described in the analysis concerning the origin or destina-tion are not shown in Annex 3. This applies if either the origin or the destination is set to e.g. Denmark. In this case, it has not been possible to assign the trip to a specific zone, since Denmark consists of many zones.

The bottom picture of each page in Annex 3 shows the origin and destination zones of the trips. The blue zones describe the origin zones and the green zones describe the destination zones. The darker zone, the more trips take their origin or destination in that zone. The value of the zones refers to the percentage of trips made from or to the specific zone.

Side 14

Appendix 1: Questionnaire

Truck drivers questionnaire

Side 15

Interviewers questionnaire

Side 16

Appendix 2: Zonal systems

Denmark and South Sweden

Side 17

Rest of Europe

Side 18

Appendix 3: Results

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