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1
서 론
50% .
,
. Inonotus obliquus Fus-
coporia obliquus ,
‘Chaga’ , ‘
( )’ .
(Eumycota), (Basidiomycotina),
(Eubasidiomycetes), (Hymenomycet-
idae), (Aphyllophorales),
(Hymenochaetaceae), (Inonotus)
‘ ’ ‘ ’
.
,
문병혁, 이원철
동국대학교 한의과대학 내과학교실
Original Article
Studies on the Anti-cancer Activity of Chaga Mushroom Extract
Byung-Hyuk Moon, Won-Chul Lee
Dept. of Oriental Medicine The Graduate School, Dong-Guk University
Objectives: This study was to investigate the anti-oxidation and anti-cancer activity of Chaga mushroom extract.
Extraction condition optimization and beta-glucan analysis and anti-cancer activity tests were also done.
Methods: Optimum extraction conditions for Chaga mushroom extract were at a temperature of 90 and 2hrs with
10 times of water. Extraction yield and economics were best under these conditions.
Results: Anti-oxidation activity was the highest with the fraction of 100,000 MWCO and IC50 value was 13 / , and this value was comparable to that of vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol. Among the fractions from various organic
solvents, ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest anti-oxidation activity with IC50 value of 7 / . For anti-cancer
activity, chloroform fraction showed little anti-cancer activity and ethyl acetate fraction showed the best anti-cancer
activity with IC50 1.5 / for stomach cancer cells. Anti-cancer activities for different molecular weight fractions
were the best in the fraction of molecular weight less than 100,000Da, and IC50 values for stomach cancer cells and
liver cancer cells were 1.7 and 1.4 / , respectively.Conclusions: From these results, we can conclude that the extract of Chaga mushroom could be a good source for
functional food and natural anti-cancer medicine .
Key Words : Inonotus obliquus, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, beta-glucan
Received:31 May 2007 Revised:26 March 2009 Accepted:8 June 2009
Correspondence to:문병혁(Byung-Hyuk Moon)
부산시 북구 구포2동 1087-1 한성빌딩 4층 구남한의원
Tel:+82-51-363-3232, Fax:+82-51-363-3288, E-mail:[email protected]
30 4 (2009 7 )J Korean Oriental Med 2009;30(4):01-12
30 4 (2009 7 )
2
,
,
1).
16
,
(herb) .
, ( )
(herb)1).
, , , ,
, , , flavonoid, steroid2),
polyphenol2), terpenoid, inositol, inotodiol
3)
4), butulin
5), melanin
6).
β-glucan
,
.
19907-9)
.
.
10-14),
15,16),
1),
16,17),
10,18),
12),
19)
20).
.
. 10
.
,
.
실험재료 및 방법
1. 원재료의 준비
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
2. 추출물의 제조방법
3 .
, ,
,
.
, 600nm (Shimadzu co., UV-MINI
1,240).
3. 추출물의 분획 제조
Ultrafiltration(UF) Pall Maxisette
AT
,
(Fig. 1). 0.45
(458)
1 :
3
ultrafiltration
(Eyla co., NE) ,
( , PVTFD 20R)
.
Fig. 1
chloroform, ethylacetate, n-buthanol
2 , 2 ,
.
.
4. 항산화 활성의 측정
DPPH
. DPPH 1,1-diphenyl
2-picrylhydrazyl radical radical
. DPPH
(Sigma co.) .
.
Ethanol 0.1 mM DPPH(Sigma, D-9132)
2 ethanol 2 10
30 520nm
.
( ) .
EDA(electron donating ability) = (Cabs - Sabs)/Cabs 100
- Cabs: Negative contol( ethanol )
- Sabs: Sample
- Positive control: Vitamin E(Fluka, 95240)
.
5. Polyphenol의 분석
Polyphenol
.
1 / 0.2 ,
Water Extract(WE)
[Solvent Fraction]
Chloroform Phase(CP)
Top Phase
Ethylacetate Phase(EP)
Ethylacetate
n-Buthanol
Bottom Phase
n-Buthanol Phase(BP)
Water Phase(WP)
MWCO 100,000
MWCO 300,000
MWCO 300,000
UF1
UF2
UF3
[UF Fraction]
CHCI3
Fig. 1.
(459)
30 4 (2009 7 )
4
2 0.2 Folin
ciocalteu’s phenol reagent
3 . 3 Na2CO3
0.4 ,
4 , 1
725nm . polyp-
henol tannic acid
. tannic acid 1
50% methanol 1 0, 50, 100, 150, 200,
300ppm 725nm
.
6. 당조성 분석
HPLC . HPLC
YMC-Pack Polyamine II
, acetonitrile : = 75
: 25 1 /min. , HPLC
Shimadzu LC-10A .
RI , 26
.
.
7. Beta-glucan의 분석
Beta-glucan ‘Mushroom and Yeast
Beta Glucan Kit’ .
.
1) Total glucan
100
. 1.5 HCl(37%)
tube vortex 30 water bath
45 β-glucan
15 vortex . 10
tube , vortex .
, 100
5 , 2
. , 2N KOH
10 . 100 volumetric flask ,
200mM sodium acetate buffer tube washing
volume .(1,500 g,
10min.) 0.1 glass tube
, 0.1 Bottle 1 [exo-1,3 β-glucanase
(100U/ ) β-glucosidase (20U/ ) ]
, vortex 40 1 . 3
GOPOD mixture(glucose reagent buffer + glucose
oxidase, peroxidase, 4-aminoantipyridine) 4
0 20 510nm
.
2) Alpha-glucan
100 2
KOH , . 20 ice water
bath . 1.2M Sodium acetate buffer(pH3.8)
8 bottle 2 (50%
glycerol amyloglucosidase 1630U/ invertase
500U/ solution) 0.2 . 4
0 water bath , 30 ,
. Alpha-glucan 10%
100 volumetric flask volume
100 .
Alpha-glucan 10% ,
. 10.3
. 0.1 tube , 3
GOPOD reagent 40 20
510nm .
,
reagent blank D-glucose standard solution
.
reagent blank:
0.2 acetate buffer + 3 GOPOD Mixture
D-glucose standard solution:
0.1 D-glucose standard (1 / ) +
0.1 acetate buffer + 3 GOPOD mixture
3)
total glucan (% w/w) = E F/W 90 α-glucan
= E F/W 90 (final volume 100 )
(460)
1 :
5
= E F/W 9.27 (final volume 10.3 )
β-glucan = total glucan - α-glucan
E = reaction absorbance - blank absorbance
F = a factor to convert absorbance to of
D-glucose
= 100( of D-glucose standard) / GOPOD
absorbance for 100 of D-glucose
standard)
W =
8. 항암활성의 분석
1)
(1) AGS ( )
: RPMI 1640 with L-glutamine(GIBCO
11875-093, 300 /L), 25mM
HEPES(GIBCO 15630-080), 25mM
sodium carbonate(GIBCO 25080-094), FBS
10%, 1% Penicillin/streptomycin
solution(GIBCO 15140-122)
Growth pattern: monolayer
1 2 3 1 × trypsin(SIGMA T4174)
PBS(KH2PO4 2.1g/
, NaCl 90g/ , Na2HPO4 7.26g/ ) washing
.
(2) HepG2 ( )
: DMEM(GIBCO 12561), 10% FBS,
1% Penicillin/streptomycin solution
Growth pattern: monolayer
1 2 3 1 × trypsin
PBS washing .
(3) HeLa ( )
: DMEM, 10% FBS, 1% Penicillin/streptomycin
solution
Growth pattern: monolayer
1 2 3 1 × trypsin
PBS washing .
(4) Calu-3 ( )
: MEM(GIBCO 12561),
10% FBS(GIBCO 16000-044),
1% MEM vitamin(SIGMA M6895),
10% FBS,
1% Penicilln/streptomycin solution
Growth pattern: monolayer
1 2 3 1 × trypsin
PBS washing .
2) - MTT assay
1 × trypsin solution cell
trypsin 96well
plate 1 × 105cells/ 180 1 .
Test 20 , 24
. 5 / MTT 20 , 4
. . DMSO 150
30 550nm
.
: PBS
PBS 10%
DMSO .
결과 및 고찰
1. 추출조건의 결정
,
.
.
Inhibition rate (%)= 1
[ ]
× 100
[ ]
(461)
30 4 (2009 7 )
6
, ,
. Fig. 2
. 10
10 .
.
.
3
Fig. 3 .
85 .
85 ,
8
0 90 .
3
.
Fig. 1
,
.
Fig. 4 .
, n-buthanol
fraction .
100,000
.
Extraction Time(hrs)
Abso
rban
ce(60nm
)
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
00 2 4 6 8 10 12
2 5 7 10 15 20
Yield
(%
w/w)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Temperature(℃)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Fig. 2. Fig. 3.
(462)
Water Extract(WE)
Chloroform Phase(CP)
Ethylacetate Phase(EP)
n-Buthanol Phase(BP)
Water Phase(WP)
4.2%
17.3%
29.5%
49.5%
44.2%
35.8%
20.0%
UF1
UF2
UF3
Fig. 4.
1 :
7
,
.
.
15% 70%
,
.
2. 항산화 활성
DPPH
radical , free
radical
.
quercetin,
kaempferol, catechin flavonoids
, , , , , 21).
Table 1 .
50% radical IC50
, 100 3
0 2 .
radical 2
.
90
.
Table 2
. ethylacetate
,
Extraction Temperature(℃) IC50(㎍/㎖)30 12
50 13
70 16
80 17
90 19
100 25
* Soluble solids concentration was 2.1%(w/v) for each sample.
Table 1.
Fraction Name IC50(㎍/㎖)Inner part 18
Outer part 100
Water extract 19
Chloroform fraction >300
Ethylacetate fraction 7
n-Buthanol fraction 18
Water fraction 35
Ultrafiltration-1 13
Ultrafiltraion-2 47
Ultrafiltration-3 >300
* Solubles concentration was 2.1%(w/v) for each sample.
Table 2.
(463)
30 4 (2009 7 )
8
100,000Da
.
ethylacetate
,
.
.
ethylacetate
.
IC50( / ) 18 , 100
.
3. 성분함량의 비교
1) Polyphenol
Polyphenol tannin
, 21,22)
. flavonoids polyphenol
tannins ,
polyphenol23).
polyphenol Table 3
. polyphenol
, ethyl-
acetate fraction
. polyphenol
(hydrophobicity) flavo-
noid .
2
flavonoid ethylacetate
fraction24).
n-buthanol fraction , polyphenol
.
,
.
2)
Fraction NameYellow part(inner part)
Polyphenol(%, w/w)
Black part(outer part)
Polyphenol(%, w/w)
Water extract 12.4 15.5
Chloroform fraction 12.8 16.3
Ethylacetate fraction 36.2 31.6
n-Buthanol fraction 21.6 20.1
Water fraction 15.6 13.9
* Solubles concentration was 2.1%(w/v) for each sample.
Table 3.
Sugars Extract Acid hydrolyzed crude beta-glucan
Rhamnose 21.7 10.3
Fucose 26.8 2.1
Glucose 1.1 48.2
Arabinose 9.6 6.7
Xylose 3.5 11.3
Mannose 1.2 16.8
Galactose 36.1 4.6
Total(%) 100.0 100.0
Content of sugars in Ext.(%) 4.2 70.1
Table 4.
(464)
1 :
9
10% 9 ethanol
/ /
(Crude beta-glucan)
HPLC .
Table 4 .
,
.
galactose, fucose, rhamnose
, glucose, xylose, mannose,
rhamnose .
β-glucan
4.2%
,
70.1% .
30%
, .
3) Beta-glucan
Beta-glucan
β-glucan 1).
, Table 5
. β-glucan 1,3-1,6 1,3-1,4
,
. kit
1,3-1,6 .
β-glucan
(Table 5). β-glucan
40 50% ,
20%
.
β-glucan
4 12 ,
SOD(Superoxide dismutase) 3201).
4. 항암활성 비교
25,26).
Fraction Name Beta-glucan content(%, w/w)
Water extract 46.6
Chloroform fraction <1.0
Ethylacetate fractoin <1.0
n-Buthanol fraction 10.5
Water fraction 65.2
Ultrafiltration-1 10.5
Ultrafiltration-2 49.5
Ultrafiltration-3 33.0
Table 5.
Cell lines Cancer site Water extractChloroform
fraction
Ethylacetate
fraction
n-Buthanol
fraction
Water
fraction
AGS Stomach 4.8 215 1.5 21 6.5
HepG2 Liver 9.3 320 2.3 15 8.4
HeLa Cervical 6.5 299 4.4 31 9.9
Calu-3 Lung 3.1 189 2.9 8.4 5.9
Table 6.
(465)
30 4 (2009 7 )
10
. 1
.
(Cytotoxic effect)
MTT assay 50%
(IC50) .
Table 6
. chloroform fraction
. Ethylacetate fraction
ethylacetate fraction
.
, ethylacetate fraction27). n-Buthanol
fraction water fraction
, chloroform
fraction .
, water fraction
. fraction
(hydrophobicity)
1
.
, chloroform fraction
, ,
water fraction n-buthanol fraction
chloroform fraction
, ethylacetate fraction
fraction
.
.
Table 7
UF-1, UF-2 UF-3
, 100,000Da
UF-1
. (AGS) - 1.7mg/ , HepG2(
) - 1.4mg/ , HeLa( ) - 3.7mg/ ,
Calu-3( ) - 2.8mg/ ,
,
ethylacetate fraction
.
100,000
Da
. , 100,000 300,000Da
UF-2 300,000
UF-3 UF-1
, .
, tannin, phenol
,
.
Cell lines Cancer site Ultrafiltration-1 Ultrafiltration-2 Ultrafiltration-3
AGS Stomach 1.7 2.8 65
HepG2 Liver 1.4 3.5 88
HeLa Cervical 3.7 4.1 71
Calu-3 Lung 2.8 3.2 103
Table 7.
(466)
1 :
11
결 론
,
, ,
.
1.
10 90 2 2
.
2.
100,000Da
IC50 13 / .
3. ethylacetate
fraction IC50 7 /
.
4. polyphenol
25% .
5.
galactose, fucose, rhamnose
, ethanol
70% .
6. β-glucan
300,000Da 60%
.
7. chloroform
fraction
, ethylacetate fraction , IC50
1.5mg/ .
8.
100,000 Da
, , IC50
1.7mg/ , 1.4mg/ .
.
,
.
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