statcom - adm eng
TRANSCRIPT
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ADF Conference 2016
Jonas Persson
Comsys AB
September 16th 2016
STATCOM
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 1
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Powerisn’t perfect
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 2
• STATCOM
• Introduction to STATCOM
• Hybrid STATCOM concept
• How-to-guide
• Selected References
STATCOM, System IntegrationAgenda
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 3
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STATCOM Introduction
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 4
• Static synchronous compensator
• VSC based (Voltage Source Converter)
• Traditionally, reactive power only (all quadrants)
• If connected to energy supply, can generate active power
• Faster, more complex than SVC(Static VAR Compensator)
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STATCOM Applications
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 5
• Dynamic Reactive power usable for:
• Compensating cable capacitance
• Stabilize voltage
• DVR applications
• Flicker reduction
• Other grid applications
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STATCOM: VSC
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 6
• Converter part (green)
• Identical to what is being used in 2-level active filters and drive inverters (if using IGBT)
• Maximum IGBT blocking voltage typically 6500V
• IGCT is also an option
• Blocking voltage presents majorchallenge!
• Line filter (red)
• Image shows L-filter; in ADF always LC or LCL
• Scales perfectly with current and voltage
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STATCOM: VSC:: High voltage
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 7
• Voltage limits of converter
• With 2-level, maximum native line voltage <3kV
• Multi-level converter increases this to approx. 6.6 kV
• How to increase voltage tolerance?
1. Series connection(shown)
2. Transformer
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STATCOM: VSC:: High voltage
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 8
1. Series connection
• Series connection requires exact
concurrent ignition of IGBT
(depending on equivalent
inductance in connecting cable)
or single IGBT will take all the
voltage IGBT failure!
2. Transformer
• This is a “simple” solution but
may degrade efficiency; adding
transformer losses to converter
losses. Or?
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STATCOM: VSC:: High voltage
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 9
1. Series connection
• Series connection requires exact
concurrent ignition of IGBT
(depending on equivalent
inductance in connecting cable)
or single IGBT will take all the
voltage IGBT failure!
• Medium voltage series
connected IGBT: prohibitive
complexity!
Image courtesy of ABB. Used without permission
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STATCOM: VSC:: High voltage
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 10
2. Transformer
• Transformer is in itself an inductive component
• By custom-making the transformer, the secondary inductance can be utilized as part of line filter!
• ADF units are then equipped with custom LC line filter
• This is what we did on the first ADF P700
TRAFO1
PPC1-1MCC1 PPC1-2 PPC1-3 PPC1-4
YNyn 0
22.5kV/690V
2000kVA
8%
Dry
Y Y
PPC2-4 MCC2PPC2-3 PPC2-2 PPC2-1WCSC
YNyn 0
22.5kV/690V
2000kVA
8%
Dry
Y Y
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STATCOM: LV STATCOM concept
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 11
• Modular, 2x2 MVA solution
• 690V low voltage switchgear internally – easier to service
• 22 kV main connection
MCC1 PCC1-1 PCC1-2 PCC1-3 PCC1-4 WCSC PCC2-4 PCC2-3 PCC2-2 PCC2-1 MCC2
PP1
PP2
PP3
PP4
PP5
PP1
PP2
PP3
PP4
PP5
PP1
PP2
PP3
PP4
PP5
PP1
PP2
PP3
PP4
PP5
3 2
PP1
PP2
PP3
PP4
PP5
PP1
PP2
PP3
PP4
PP5
PP1
PP2
PP3
PP4
PP5
PP1
PP2
PP3
PP4
PP5
2 3
5 5
See
PP-M3
See MCC-
M2, M3, M4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
See WCSC-
M4, M5
See MCC-M6
See MCC-M1
See MCC-M1
T
A
See
TA-M4
T
A
T
A
T
A
T
A
T
A
T
A
T
A
X10 X10 X10 X10 X10 X10 X10 X10 X10 X20 X10X10 X20
X30X30
See
PP-M1,M2
See
MCC-M1
See
WCSC-M1
X20
M4 M5
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STATCOM: LV STATCOM concept (2)
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 12
• We have supplied LV/HV hybrid
STATCOM up to 130 kV so far
• Scales well to at least 10 MVAr
(depending on voltage/project)
• For very high ratings, LV/HV
hybrid solution becomes
impractical
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STATCOM: How-to-guide
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 13
• Basic idea: stack enough P300 units and connect to large enough transformer!
• Size according to needed MVAr
• For flicker projects, rule-of-thumb is to size so that ADF reactive power exceeds load
• In most cases, custom Transformer/LC-filters are not needed
• Might be considered in some cases
• Special care must be taken with transformer, cooling and CT
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STATCOM: How-to-guide: components
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 14
• Building blocks:
• Regular ADF P300 units, or
• System integration components (PPM300, SCC2, etc; more on this later)
• Up to 6 modules per computer
• Up to 0.167 MVAr per module (690V Liquid cooled)
• In multi-master, max 15 units;
• 15 computer x 6 modules = 15 MVAr!
• Multi-master not necessary in all cases
• Only difference between separate components and complete products is packaging.
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STATCOM: How-to-guide: transformer
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 15
• Typically, Yyn or similar “straight” transformer must be used
• Cannot be used with non-symmetrical loads
• Unbalanced loads will overload such transformer
• For DPF and flicker projects, impedance is selected to give a reasonable short-circuit power
• For Harmonics projects, transformer must be custom-ordered – spectrum to be supplied to transformer mfgr
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STATCOM: How-to-guide: switchgear
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 16
• If using P300 units, dedicated switchgear may not be necessary
• If using gG (or similar fuses), ADF fuses protect connecting cable as well
• Again, short-circuit current must be taken into account
• For example, 4MVA @ uk=6% may give up to 100 kA
• In this case it may be better to divide into two separate transformers
• Take care to follow local regulation!
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STATCOM: How-to-guide: CT
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 17
• Normally use Open Loop configuration
• STATCOM projects typically pin-point load and/or facility
• All of Comsys STATCOMs have open-loop configuration!
• CTs might need to be custom ordered
• CTs placed on medium voltage do not always have 5A secondary
• In some cases, LEM current transducers must be used to maintain measurement precision
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STATCOM: How-to-guide: cooling
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 18
• Majority of Comsys STATCOM installations are liquid cooled
• For liquid cooling, system integration concept is presently only option
• P300W will re-appear
• Main difference is power density and overload-ability in flicker applications
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STATCOM: (selected) Reference list
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 19
Site Year Application Size Voltage
Höganäs 2007 EAF/Flicker 2x2 MVAr +
42 MVAr (THY)
22 kV
Dantysk 2015 Offshore wind farm (DPF) 4x1.5 MVAr 33 kV
Kville 2012 Wind farm/STATCOM (DPF) 2.5 MVAR 130 kV
Lingbo 2012 Wind farm/STATCOM (Flicker) 1 MVAr 33 kV
WDI 2012 Welding/Flicker 2.5 MVAr 20 kV
Sandvik 2010 EAF/Flicker 4 MVAr 10 kV
Global
Casting
2015 Casting/STATCOM (DPF) 4 MVAr 10 kV
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Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 20
ADF – the shapeof power to come
Thank you for your time!
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Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 21
Questions?
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Comsys in brief
Wednesday, September 21,
2016Comsys ADF Power Tuning 22
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