Babol7-3-15

HistologyDoc. Alma Maria Daguay M.D.

Spermatogenesis and Spermiogenesis

The process whereby haploid gametes (reproductive sex cells) are created

Spermatogenesis in males

Oogenesis in females

Gametogenesis

Begins at puberty

Proliferation of stem and progenitor cells called spermatogonia

Dark ovoid nuclei

Act as stem cell and divide to form new stem cells

Spermatogenesis

1. Type A spermatogonia: clonal divisions and interconnected as a syncytium

2. Type B spermatogonia: spherical and pale nuclei

3. Each type B produce two cells called primary spermatocytes

4. First meiotic division:produce smaller cells called secondary spermatocyte

5. Secondary spermatocyte separates the chromatids;produce two haploid cells called spermatids

6. Spermatids undergo morphological differentiation;spermatozoa

Summary of SpermatogenesisABPSSS

SG

PS

M

F

SC

ESLS

SS

LC

Cell differentiation in which spermatids become sperm

Flattening of nucleus

Formation of acrosome

Growth of tail

Reorganization of mitochondria

Shedding of unnecessary cytoplasm

Spermiogenesis

Proacrosomal vesicles coalesce as a single acrosomal cap

Centrioles migrate and act as basal body

Golgi Phase

Acrosomal cap spreads over half of the nucleus

Contain acrosin

Cap phase

Head remains embedded in the sertoli cell

Growing axoneme extends to the tubule

Nuclei become elongated and condensed

Mitochondria migrate through actin filaments called manchette to form the middle piece

Acrosome phase

Unneeded cytoplasm is shed as residual body

Intercellular bridges are lost

Maturation phase

Establishing blood testis barrier

Sertoli cells

An update on sperm retrieval techniques for azoospermic males

Non ejaculated sperm is aspirated from the epididymis and testis of the patient using surgical method

Update

Open Epididymal Fine-Needle Aspiration

Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE)

Single Seminiferous Tubule Biopsy

Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA)

Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) and Testicular Fine-Needle Aspiration (TEFNA)

Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA)