Solids, Liquids and Gases

Chapter 16

Section 1 – Kinetic Theory

States of matter you saw at lunch?_____________ Theory – explanation of how particles in matter behave

1. All matter is composed of small _____________________ (atoms, molecules, ions)

Kinetic Theory2. Particles in ______________, random

motion3. Particles are _________________

Energy that particles lose from collisions is ________________

Average Kinetic Energy____________________ is measure of average kinetic energy.Warmer – particles have ___________ energy Move fasterCooler – particles have LESS energy Move _______________

Solid State – H2OParticles in ______________ position

Liquid StateParticles in solid _____________ energy and move faster break out of fixed positionMelting point: _________________ where solid begins to liquefy Heat of fusion: amount of __________ needed to change a solid to liquid

Liquids FlowParticles have energy to break _________________ attraction and flow

Gas StateParticles have energy to escape ___________ attraction

VaporizationLiquid particles gain enough energy to escape to ___________ phase

Evaporation: vaporization at the _________________ of liquid, spontaneously

Boiling point: applying ______________, temperature at which pressure of vapor is equal to external pressure, _________ to gas

Heat of vaporization: amount of ____________ needed for liquid to be a gas

Gases fill their ContainerDiffusion: _________________ of particles throughout until they are mixed

Heating Curve of a Liquid

Heating Curve of a Liquida and c – _________ in energyb and d – energy used to ___________ attraction between particles

PlasmaDef: consists of ________________ and negative particlesVery _____________ temperatureParticles moving so fast ______ are stripped offLightning, __________, neon lights

Thermal Expansion

Thermal ExpansionSpaces are _________________ jointsPrevent __________Absorbs heat – ______________Cools – shrinks

Expansion of MatterThermal Expansion: increase in the _____________ of a substance when the temperature is increasedWarmer = ____________ attraction b/ particles = move freer Cooler = more attraction = ______________ together

Expansion of Matter

Expansion of Matter

Strange WaterIce is _________ dense than liquid water(+) and ____ ends arrange themselves next to each otherCreate _____________ spaces

Strange Water

Solid or Liquid?Amorphous Solids: ______________ form, change to liquid over range of temperaturesEx: glass, _______________Liquid turned to solid too ____________

Solid or LiquidLiquid crystals: change to liquid but don’t lose their __________________ formEx: liquid crystal display ________________ calculators, etc.

Properties of Fluids

Section 2

How do ships float?Buoyancy: ability of fluid to exert _______________ force on object.If force equal to _______________ = float

Archimedes’ PrincipleDef: buoyant force on an object is equal to the _______________ of the fluid displaced by the object

DensitySame size blocks - wood and ____________Displace _____________ amount of waterBUT, wood block _____________ and steel block sinksDifferent __________________ – object has less density than density of fluid to float

Archimedes’ Principle

Pascal’s PrinciplePressure: ___________ exerted per unit areaPressure applied to fluid is exerted ______________ the fluidUsed in ______________ lifts – use your weight to lift something much heavier

Bernoulli’s PrincipleDef: as velocity of fluid _____________ pressure of fluid decreases

Fluid FlowViscosity: the ________________ of a fluid to flowSyrup – ________ viscosityWater – ________ viscosity

Behavior of Gases

Section 3

PressureResult of gas particle _____________ with the containerMore collisions = More ____________Pressure unit = ______________ (Pa)How do we get high pressure?

Boyle’s LawRelationship between ______________ and volume_____ volume, size of container, what will pressure do?Pressure _____

_______________ related: as one goes the other goes , or vice versa

Charles’s LawRelationship between _____________ and temperature“Keep away from _____________” on pressurized can______ temperature what will volume do?_____ volume

________________ related: as one goes the other goes , or vice versa

Kelvin ScaleAll _______ numbers0K = ______________ zero – all particle motion stops0K = ________K = ____ + 273