3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gas Pg. 68-74

During Note TakingCreate a Venn Diagram that looks like this: Solid LiquidGas

Determine where to place the following phrases:Definite VolumeDefinite ShapeVariable VolumeVariable Shape

Describing the States of MatterMaterials can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable Shapes and volume are clues to how the particles within a material are arranged

SolidsHave a recognizable shapeTake up a certain amount of space Solid is a state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume

SolidsDefinite means that the shape and volume of an object wont change as you move it Changing the container wont change the shape or volume Example:Moving a pencil to a desk drawer to your backpack

SolidsDefinite DOES NOT mean the shape or volume can never change Example: Can change the shape of a copper wire by bending itCan change the shape of a pencil by sharpening it

SolidsThe arrangement of solids:Atoms are packed close together Atoms are arranged in a regular pattern

LiquidsLiquids always have the same shape as its container Liquid is the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume, BUT not a definite shape

Liquids The arrangement of liquids:Atoms are close togetherAtoms arrangement is more random than the arrangement of atoms in solids

GasesGas is the state of matter in which material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume A gas takes the shape and volume of its container The arrangement of atoms in gases are NOT arranged in a regular pattern

Other States of MatterOn Earth almost all matter exists as solids, liquids, or gasIn the universe 99% of all matter exists as plasmaOccurs at extremely high temperatures The fifth state of matter is called Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)Occurs at temperatures of -273 C

Complete the followingComplete you Venn diagram Answer #1 on pg.74 from the Reviewing Concepts.Reread the chapter from homework we will be reviewing with the clickers tomorrow for Bonus

Kinetic Theory An object that is moving has Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy is the energy an object has due to its motion

Kinetic Theory The faster an object moves, the greater its kinetic energy is Quick Question: A baseball thrown by a pitcher at 85 mph A baseball thrown by a pitcher at 78 mphWhich one has more Kinetic Energy?

Kinetic TheoryThe Kinetic Theory of matter states that all particles of matter are in constant motion This theory helps explain the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids

Explaining the Behavior of Gases You can compare the motion of particles in a gas to the movement of balls in a game of billiardsThe cue strikes a billiard ball and moves in a straight line until it strike the side of the billiard table or another ballWhen a moving ball strikes the ball at rest, the first ball slows down and the second ball begins to moveKinetic energy is transferred during the collisions

Motion in GasesParticles in gas are NEVER at rest At room temp. the average speed of gas particles is 1,600 Km/hSome gas particles move slower or faster than the average speed

Motion of Gases Fig.7 pg.72Each atom moves in straight line until it collides with another atom or wallDuring a collision, one atom may lose kinetic energy and slow downThe second atom may gain kinetic energy and speeds up **Note: Total Kinetic Energy of the atoms remains the same***

Motion of GasesThere are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter If the particles are apart and moving fast the attractions are to weak to have an affect This is the case for gas

Kinetic Theory of GasesThe kinetic theory explains the general properties of gasThe constant motion of particles in a gas allows a gas to fill a container of any shape or size Example: Air in tires

Kinetic Theory of GasesThe Kinetic Theory of Gases has three main points:Particles in a gas are in constant, random motionThe motion of one particle is unaffected by the motion of other particles UNLESS the particles collideForces of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored under ordinary conditions

Explaining the Behavior of LiquidsThe particles in liquids are more closely packed than those of gasesAttraction between liquids do affect the movement of particlesExample: Students in a crowded hallwayA students path may be blocked by students moving in other directionsThe students ability to move is affected by interactions with other students

Explaining the Behavior of LiquidsA liquid takes the shape of its container because particles in a liquid can flow to new locations The volume of a liquid is constant because forces of attraction keep the particles close together However, because of the forces of attraction liquid cannot spread out and fill a container

Explaining the Behavior of SolidsSolids have a definite shape and volume because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations

Explaining the Behavior of SolidsStrong attraction between atoms restrict their motion and keep them in a fixed location relative to their neighboring atom Each atom vibrates around its location BUT it DOES NOT change places with its neighboring atom!