Social Behavior

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Person perception Attribution processes Interpersonal attraction Attitudes Conformity and obedience Behavior in groups

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Effects of physical appearance Cognitive/social schemas – Slide 4 Stereotypes Prejudice and discrimination Subjectivity in person perception

Illusory correlation Evolutionary perspectives

Ingroup - outgroup

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Attributions Internal vs. ExternalKelley’s covariation modelAttributions in success and failure – Figure

16.1 Biases in attributions

Fundamental attribution error - Figure 16.2Defensive attributionSelf-serving bias – credit self for success,

blame situation for failure Cultural influences

Individualism – collectivism Hokotede’s rankings - Figure 16.3

Table of ContentsFigure 16.1 Causes of Success and Failure: Attribution

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XXX16.2

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Key factors in attraction Physical attractiveness http://www.faceresearch.org/demos/average Matching hypothesis Similarity, Reciprocity Romantic Ideals

Perspectives on love Hatfield & Berscheid – Passionate vs. Companionate love Sternberg – Intimacy, commitment, & passion – Figure 16.4 Hazen & Shaver – love as attachment - Figure 16.5 Attachment styles – attachment anxiety/avoidance – F 16.5

Evolutionary perspectivesMating prioritiesMate poaching – Buss

Internet and close relationships – F 16.7

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Facial Averaging and Physical Attractiveness

Instructions and BackgroundThis is a little demonstration in which you generate several examples of average faces from the several that are given at this web address:

http://www.faceresearch.org/demos/average

1. Click on any four female or male faces, and form your impression of the attractiveness of the composite (average) face.

2. Press "reset." Now click on any ten female or male faces, and form your impressions now.

3. Do it one more time; this time using a very large number of faces to make your composite.

4. You should observe increasing attractiveness the more faces are used to form your composite face.

5. I hope you had fun with this.

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Figure 16.4 – Sternberg’s view of love over time

Figure 16.5XXX

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3 components cognitive, affective, and behavioral – Figure 16.8

Factors in changing attitudes persuasion source, message, channel, and receiver – Figure

16.9 Theories of attitude change

Learning theory Classical conditioning and advertising – Figure 16.10

Dissonance theory – Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) – Figure 16.11

Self-perception theory – Figure 16.12 Elaboration likelihood model – Figure 16.13

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XXX16.9

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Figure 16 - 10 - Classical conditioning of attitudes inadvertising

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Figure 16.11xxxxx

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Figure 16.12Bem’s self-perception theory

Figure 16.13Elaboration likelihoood model

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Conformity – Solomon Asch (1950s)Group norm behaviorClassic experiment - Figure 16.14

Group size – increased conformity until 4 in incorrect group then level, Figure 16.15

Group unanimity

ComplianceConforming to requested behavior

Foot-in-door Door-in-the-face

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Obedience – Stanley Milgram (1960s)Controversial landmark experiment – Figure

16.16 65% gave highest shock level Many variations of basic experiment

“I was just following orders” presence of a dissenter

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Social Roles Stanford Prison Study – p. 692-693 http://www.prisonexp.org/

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The bystander effect - Darley and Latane (1968)Diffusion of responsibility

Group productivity and social loafing – Figure 16.17

Decision making in groups Group Polarization - Figure 16.18

GroupthinkBay of PigsNASA Shuttle disaster

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Figure 16.17

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Figure 16.18XXXXXX

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Prejudice as an attitude – Figure 16.19 Prejudice and discrimination – Figure

16.20 Bias attribution of success and failure –

Figure 16.21 Group competition – Sherif et al. (1961)

study – field experiment Ingroups and outgroups Threats to social identity – Figure 16.22

Table of ContentsFigure 16.19 The three potential components of prejudice as an attitude

Table of ContentsFigure 16.20 Relationship between prejudice and discrimination

Table of ContentsFigure 16.21 Bias in the attributions used to explain success and failure by men and women